CS207595B2 - Method of preparation of the oxalic acid esters - Google Patents
Method of preparation of the oxalic acid esters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS207595B2 CS207595B2 CS782250A CS225078A CS207595B2 CS 207595 B2 CS207595 B2 CS 207595B2 CS 782250 A CS782250 A CS 782250A CS 225078 A CS225078 A CS 225078A CS 207595 B2 CS207595 B2 CS 207595B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carbon monoxide
- reaction
- oxalic acid
- acid esters
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 150000003901 oxalic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 triethylamine benzoic acid hydrochloride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QKJAZPHKNWSXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(Br)=CC=C21 QKJAZPHKNWSXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECFIJVSAYAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-di(propan-2-yl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C OZECFIJVSAYAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical class OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[NH+](CC)CC NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/36—Oxalic acid esters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT22209/77A IT1078033B (it) | 1977-04-07 | 1977-04-07 | Processo per la preparazione di esteri dell'acido ossalico |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS207595B2 true CS207595B2 (en) | 1981-08-31 |
Family
ID=11193068
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS782250A CS207595B2 (en) | 1977-04-07 | 1978-04-06 | Method of preparation of the oxalic acid esters |
Country Status (37)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4230881A (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS53124215A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR222793A1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | AT356638B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU518170B2 (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE865812A (fr) |
| BG (1) | BG28568A3 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR7802216A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1112662A (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH633516A5 (fr) |
| CS (1) | CS207595B2 (fr) |
| DD (1) | DD135719A5 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE2814708C2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK153978A (fr) |
| EG (1) | EG13299A (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES469431A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2386513A1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1583336A (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR63768B (fr) |
| HU (1) | HU180935B (fr) |
| IE (1) | IE46767B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL54417A (fr) |
| IN (1) | IN148036B (fr) |
| IT (1) | IT1078033B (fr) |
| LU (1) | LU79397A1 (fr) |
| MW (1) | MW1178A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX147280A (fr) |
| NL (1) | NL7803646A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO781207L (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL118175B1 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT67875B (fr) |
| RO (1) | RO75614A (fr) |
| SE (1) | SE7803853L (fr) |
| SU (1) | SU831070A3 (fr) |
| TR (1) | TR19773A (fr) |
| YU (1) | YU81278A (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA781866B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4614832A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1986-09-30 | Chevron Research Company | Dialkyl oxalates from carbon monoxide and an alcohol |
| JPS5867647A (ja) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-22 | Ube Ind Ltd | マロン酸ジエステルの製造法 |
| US4523029A (en) * | 1982-06-15 | 1985-06-11 | Chevron Research Company | Oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to produce dialkyl oxalates |
| US4454342A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-06-12 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Preparation of dialkyl oxalates using a heterogeneous Pd-V-P catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols |
| US4447638A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1984-05-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Preparation of dialkyl oxalates by the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols with a heterogeneous Pd-V-P-Ti containing catalyst system |
| US4447639A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-05-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to dialkyl oxalates using a heterogeneous iron promoted Pd-V-P catalyst |
| US4451666A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-05-29 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Synthesis of oxalate esters by the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols with a heterogeneous manganese promoted Pd-V-P catalyst |
| DE3342291A1 (de) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-30 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Verfahren zur herstellung von oxalsaeurediestern |
| US4552976A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1985-11-12 | Texaco Inc. | Process for oxidative dicarbonylation of butadiene |
| US4554374A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1985-11-19 | Texaco Inc. | Process for dicarbonylation of simple olefins |
| DE3513255A1 (de) * | 1985-04-13 | 1986-10-23 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Verfahren zur herstellung von oxalsaeurediestern |
| US4629807A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-12-16 | Texaco Inc. | Selective synthesis of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters using palladium-phosphine or palladium-arsine catalysts |
| RU2493238C1 (ru) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-09-20 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") | Способ получения эфирной присадки к глубоко гидроочищенному дизельному топливу |
| RU2659069C1 (ru) * | 2014-06-05 | 2018-06-28 | Шанхай Учжэн Инжиниринг Текнолоджи Ко., Лтд | Способ и система устройств для получения диметилоксалата карбонилированием промышленного синтез-газа при средневысоком и высоком давлении и получения этиленгликоля гидрированием диметилоксалата |
| CN105330542A (zh) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-02-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 草酸二甲酯的生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3994960A (en) * | 1974-04-05 | 1976-11-30 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Process for preparing dialkyl oxalates |
| US4005128A (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1977-01-25 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process for the preparation of oxalate esters |
| US4005129A (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1977-01-25 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process for the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols and method for the reoxidation of reduced copper salts produced by the oxidation carbonylation |
| JPS5315313A (en) * | 1976-07-27 | 1978-02-13 | Ube Ind Ltd | Production of oxalic acid diesters |
-
1977
- 1977-04-07 IT IT22209/77A patent/IT1078033B/it active
-
1978
- 1978-03-31 ZA ZA00781866A patent/ZA781866B/xx unknown
- 1978-04-03 IL IL54417A patent/IL54417A/xx unknown
- 1978-04-03 GR GR55868A patent/GR63768B/el unknown
- 1978-04-04 EG EG238/78A patent/EG13299A/xx active
- 1978-04-04 BG BG039284A patent/BG28568A3/xx unknown
- 1978-04-05 SE SE7803853A patent/SE7803853L/xx unknown
- 1978-04-05 NL NL7803646A patent/NL7803646A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-04-05 NO NO781207A patent/NO781207L/no unknown
- 1978-04-05 TR TR19773A patent/TR19773A/xx unknown
- 1978-04-05 DE DE2814708A patent/DE2814708C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-04-05 AR AR271700A patent/AR222793A1/es active
- 1978-04-05 IN IN372/CAL/78A patent/IN148036B/en unknown
- 1978-04-05 AU AU34792/78A patent/AU518170B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-06 CS CS782250A patent/CS207595B2/cs unknown
- 1978-04-06 HU HU78SA3105A patent/HU180935B/hu unknown
- 1978-04-06 US US05/894,139 patent/US4230881A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-04-06 DK DK153978A patent/DK153978A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-06 MX MX173031A patent/MX147280A/es unknown
- 1978-04-06 CH CH373478A patent/CH633516A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-06 FR FR7810270A patent/FR2386513A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-04-06 PT PT67875A patent/PT67875B/pt unknown
- 1978-04-06 GB GB13590/78A patent/GB1583336A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-06 AT AT243378A patent/AT356638B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-06 CA CA300,624A patent/CA1112662A/fr not_active Expired
- 1978-04-07 SU SU782603198A patent/SU831070A3/ru active
- 1978-04-07 PL PL1978205895A patent/PL118175B1/pl unknown
- 1978-04-07 ES ES469431A patent/ES469431A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-04-07 JP JP4043678A patent/JPS53124215A/ja active Pending
- 1978-04-07 BR BR7802216A patent/BR7802216A/pt unknown
- 1978-04-07 IE IE692/78A patent/IE46767B1/en unknown
- 1978-04-07 MW MW11/78A patent/MW1178A1/xx unknown
- 1978-04-07 BE BE186660A patent/BE865812A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-07 RO RO7893746A patent/RO75614A/fr unknown
- 1978-04-07 DD DD78204657A patent/DD135719A5/xx unknown
- 1978-04-07 LU LU79397A patent/LU79397A1/fr unknown
- 1978-04-15 YU YU00812/78A patent/YU81278A/xx unknown
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