CN1875694A - An ecological method for breeding American reeves shad - Google Patents
An ecological method for breeding American reeves shad Download PDFInfo
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- CN1875694A CN1875694A CNA2006100286324A CN200610028632A CN1875694A CN 1875694 A CN1875694 A CN 1875694A CN A2006100286324 A CNA2006100286324 A CN A2006100286324A CN 200610028632 A CN200610028632 A CN 200610028632A CN 1875694 A CN1875694 A CN 1875694A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for American hilsa herring ecological type cultivation, which mainly comprises controlling the main element of water environment, the oxygen sag is more than 3mg/L, the temperature is between 10-30DEG C; regularly add the probiotics compound and feed into water to improve water quality, restrain the growing and breeding of harmful bacterium; reasonably adjust the cultivation density to ensure the eating intensity of hilsa herring collectivity and abundant oxygen sag; decrease the irritated response that cause by noise,light and color; mixed cultivate tilapia and jade perch, proceed biological control for flush ulotrichineae and conch; adjust the nutrition ingood time for the special need of hilsa herring growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environmental cultural method of U.S. hilsa herring, particularly a kind of environmental intensive culture method of formulating U.S. hilsa herring according to the specific demand of hilsa herring biological property, ecological habit and nutrition.
Background technology
Because U.S. hilsa herring (American shad, Alosa sapidissima) morphological feature, flesh quality and taste etc. are all quite similar with the Changjiang river hilsa herring, under the endangered situation of the Changjiang river hilsa herring, U.S. hilsa herring enters China market, and selling price is very high.In recent years, formed the upsurge of culturing U.S. hilsa herring in China.Although cultured area and quantity enlarge year by year, but owing to lack relevant cultural technique, culturing reeves shads production blindness is very strong, mainly shows as hilsa herring under cultivating condition, poor growth, marketable fish campaign was greater than 18 months, and the breed survival rate is very low, less than 10%, and the accident of being annihilated is of common occurrence, caused very big economic loss to the raiser, seriously influenced of the exploitation of U.S. hilsa herring at Chinese aquaculture industry.
Though there are decades in the U.S. by the history of artificial breeding to hilsa herring natural resources propagation, does not still have artificial precedent of culturing the hilsa herring marketable fish in the world.Formulate the environmental intensive culture method of U.S. hilsa herring according to the specific demand of hilsa herring biological property, ecological habit and nutrition, research and development are fit to the environmental cultural technique of U.S. hilsa herring of China's actual conditions, not only help of the exploitation of U.S. hilsa herring, and can fill up the fish blank of environmental cultural technique that intensify in China at Chinese aquaculture industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention provides a kind of environmental intensification degree height, and growth is rapid, the survival rate height, and aquaculture cost is low, the environmental cultural method of the hilsa herring of practicality easy and simple to handle.Mainly solve present U.S. hilsa herring the propagating artificially in the practice of China, culture the hilsa herring poor growth, stress reaction is strong, injured cause death frequent, incidence of disease height, lethality high-technology bottleneck.Technical scheme of the present invention is to set up according to the specific demand of hilsa herring biological property, ecological habit and nutrition to be suitable for hilsa herring health and mushroom environmental cultivating system.The invention process mainly may further comprise the steps: 1, in system for culturing reeves shads, the main factor of water environment is carried out periodic monitor and regulation and control, and particularly important with water temperature and dissolved oxygen.Water temperature should be controlled within 10～33 ℃ of scopes, too high or too lowly all can cause the hilsa herring mortality.Need carry out close monitoring to dissolved oxygen every day, when water temperature during at 10～28 ℃; Dissolved oxygen should be controlled at more than 3 mg/litre, but in water temperature during greater than 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen must not be lower than 5 mg/litre.2, jede Woche adds probiotics preparation with improvement water quality in water body, suppresses harmful germ growth and breeding, and the density of probio is with 10 * 10
8～40 * 10
8Individual/cubic meter water body is advisable.Add probiotics preparation by 5 ml/kg feed dosage in feed, prevent and treat common diseases such as enteritis and gill rot, when water temperature during greater than 22 ℃, jede Woche adds once, and when water temperature was lower than 22 ℃, every fortnight interpolation once.3, rationally adjust cultivation density satisfying hilsa herring cluster eating habit, and prevention causes too strongly because of ingesting local anoxic deadly.Under the condition that the exchange of oxygenation facility and water is arranged, culturing in early days, when body weight＜10 restrained, suitable culturing reeves shads density was 400～600 tail/cubic meters; Culturing mid-term, when body weight was 10～100 grams, suitable cultivation density was 50～100 tail/cubic meters; Culturing the later stage, when body weight was 100～500 grams, suitable cultivation density was 5～10 tail/cubic meters; When body weight＞500 restrained, suitable cultivation density was 2～5 tail/cubic meters.4, strong and at the hilsa herring stress reaction to characteristics such as sound, light and color sensitivities, avoid by ring, illumination variation and red vessel and the scaring that causes causes and collides injured causing death suddenly.5, in time adjust nutrition to satisfy the special dietary demand of hilsa herring different growing stages.Culturing in early days, protein content must not be lower than 48% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 8%.Culturing mid-term, protein content must not be lower than 46% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 10%.Culturing the later stage, protein content must not be lower than 43% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 16%.Feeding volume is 3～6% of a body weight.6, in view of in the system for culturing reeves shads, indiscriminate silk algae that gives birth to and spiral shell constitute very big harm to water quality, are the difficult problems of puzzlement cement pit and cage culture practice to its control always.The present invention can carry out very effective biological control to silk algae and spiral shell respectively by suitable mixed cultivate tilapia and jewel perch.Culturing in early days, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 5～10 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜10 grams; Culturing the middle and later periods, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 0.1～0.2 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜100 grams.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: by setting up environmental cultivating system, for the hilsa herring ramp provides suitable breeding environment.The main factor of water environment is carried out periodic monitor, guarantee sufficient dissolved oxygen and suitable water temperature; Add effective microorganism preparation and help to improve water quality and prevent and treat disease, mixed cultivate tilapia and jewel perch are eliminated the harm to cultivating system of an algae and spiral shell effectively, and reasonably nutrition arrangement and feeding method guarantee the mushroom nutritious tonifying of hilsa herring.In cultivating system of the present invention, hilsa herring was through growth in 12 months, and body weight can reach 600 grams, reaches the specification of marketable fish, and survival rate is up to more than 60%.Environmental cultural technique among the present invention also can be applied to other stress reactions big, culture the high breed variety of difficulty, especially, set up the artificial breeding field to saving endangered the Changjiang river hilsa herring and hairtail, crucial meaning is arranged.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated for the following examples, but the present invention is not limited only to content related among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1: set up the environmental cultivating system that is suitable for the hilsa herring growth in cement pit
1, the requirement of cement pit: in view of hilsa herring rectilinear motion around the clock, the great characteristics of frightened acceleration adopt circular pond or angle, garden Fang Chi to be advisable, and should be pot bottom type at the bottom of the pond, so that blowdown.Culture and to select 50～100 square metres cement pit in early days, based on blowing aeration; Culture the middle and later periods and be advisable, can adopt waterwheel aerator with 100～200 square metres cement pit.Consider hilsa herring to sound, light and color characteristics such as sensitivity very, avoid by ring, illumination variation and red vessel and the scaring that causes causes and collides injured causing death suddenly, lower stress reaction.Plant should keep quite, and red vessel are avoided using in unavailable flashlight irradiation at night hilsa herring pond, and at the bottom of the pond and pond face should be selected blueness for use.
2, breeding density: culturing in early days, when body weight＜10 restrained, suitable culturing reeves shads density was 400 tail/cubic meters; When body weight reached 10～100 grams, suitable cultivation density was 60 tail/cubic meters; When body weight was 100～500 grams, suitable cultivation density was 8 tail/cubic meters; When body weight＞500 restrained, suitable cultivation density was 4 tail/cubic meters.
3, the periodic monitor of the main factor of water environment and regulation and control, particularly important with water temperature and dissolved oxygen.Water temperature should be controlled within 10～33 ℃ of scopes, too high or too lowly all can cause the hilsa herring mortality.Need carry out close monitoring to dissolved oxygen, when water temperature during at 10～28 ℃; Dissolved oxygen should be controlled at more than 3 mg/litre, but in water temperature during greater than 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen must not be lower than 5 mg/litre.
4, water quality improvement: jede Woche adds probiotics preparation with improvement water quality toward water body, suppresses harmful germ growth and breeding, as " concentrating EM bacterium king " of the green treasured place bio tech ltd in Shenzhen.Probio is with 40 * 10
8Individual/cubic meter water body is advisable.Add probiotics preparation by 5 ml/kg feed dosage in feed, prevent and treat common diseases such as enteritis and gill rot, when water temperature during greater than 22 ℃, jede Woche adds once, and when water temperature was lower than 22 ℃, every fortnight interpolation once.Every day, the central tube blowdown was four times, and each water amount of blowdown is 5% of a Total Water, in time adds new water.
5, nutrition arrangement and feeding method: in time adjust nutrition to satisfy the special dietary demand of hilsa herring different growing stages.Culturing in early days, protein content must not be lower than 48% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 8%.Culturing mid-term, protein content must not be lower than 46% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 10%.Culturing the later stage, protein content must not be lower than 43% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 16%.Throw something and feed every day 3～4 times, throw something and feed at every turn and adhere on a small quantity repeatedly, continue one hour.Day feeding volume is 3～6% of a body weight.
6, the control of silk algae and spiral shell: suitably mixed cultivate tilapia and jewel perch carry out very effective biological control to silk algae and spiral shell respectively.Culturing in early days, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 5 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜10 grams; Culturing the middle and later periods, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 0.1 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜100 grams.
7, disease control: hilsa herring is the main cause that hilsa herring causes death in response to swashing the too drastic wound that causes of reaction, so culturing reeves shads is to prevent and treat wound, " the sweet osmanthus sterilization king " that the smart rich Bioisystech Co., Ltd in Guangdong of jede Woche use produces.Summer, jede Woche added probiotics preparation in feed, prevented and treated common diseases such as enteritis and gill rot.
Embodiment 2: set up the environmental cultivating system that is suitable for the hilsa herring growth in net cage
1, the making of net cage and specification: select wind resistance formula cement framework net cage for use, the casing specification is 4 * 4 * 6 meters.Width of mesh can be adjusted according to the hilsa herring specification, for example, is culturing in early days, and when body weight restrained less than 10, mesh should be less than 5 millimeters; When body weight was 100 grams, mesh should be 20 millimeters; When body weight was 500 grams, mesh should be 30 millimeters.
2, breeding density: culturing in early days, when body weight＜10 restrained, suitable culturing reeves shads density was 400 tail/cubic meters; When body weight 10～100 grams, suitable cultivation density is 60 tail/cubic meters; When body weight 100～500 grams, suitable cultivation density is 10 tail/cubic meters; When body weight＞500 restrained, suitable cultivation density was 4 tail/cubic meters.
3, the monitoring of the main factor of water environment and regulation and control, manage based on water temperature and dissolved oxygen every day.Water temperature should be advisable with 10～33 ℃, too high or too lowly all can cause the hilsa herring mortality.Management and water temperature to dissolved oxygen have confidential relation: when water temperature during at 10～28 ℃; Dissolved oxygen should be controlled at more than 3 mg/litre, but in water temperature during greater than 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen must not be lower than 5 mg/litre.High temperature season can be equipped with waterwheel aerator, strengthens the exchange of the inside and outside water body of net cage.
4, reduce the stress reaction of hilsa herring: hilsa herring is very sensitive to sound, light and color, in the production operation, should avoid ringing, illumination variation and red vessel suddenly, and net cage is injured to cause death in case hilsa herring when getting a fright, collides.For reducing stress reaction, should cover the sunshade net on the casing, make hilsa herring disposition become docile.
5, nutrition arrangement and feeding method: in time adjust nutrition to satisfy the special dietary demand of hilsa herring different growing stages.Culturing in early days, protein content must not be lower than 48% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 8%.Culturing mid-term, protein content must not be lower than 46% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 10%.Culturing the later stage, protein content must not be lower than 43% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 16%.Throw something and feed every day 3～4 times, throw something and feed at every turn and adhere on a small quantity repeatedly, continue one hour, can not throw, more in order to avoid cause hilsa herring because of robbing the mutual wound of the phase of an eclipse.Day feeding volume is 3～6% of a body weight.
6, the control of silk algae and spiral shell: in hilsa herring cage culture system, indiscriminate silk algae and spiral shell of giving birth on etting can stop up mesh, have a strong impact on the inside and outside water body exchange of net cage, water quality is constituted very big harm, suitably mixed cultivate tilapia and jewel perch can carry out very effective biological control to silk algae and spiral shell.Culturing in early days, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 10 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜10 grams; Culture the middle and later periods, raising together with body weight and be Tilapia mossambica and each 0.2 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch about 100 grams.
7, disease control: hilsa herring is the main cause that the cage culture hilsa herring causes death in response to swashing the wound that overreact causes, so, should be preventing and treating wound in the hilsa herring cage culture, jede Woche adopts the bag method of extension to use sweet osmanthus king that sterilizes to handle the net cage hilsa herring.Regularly add probiotics preparation by 5 ml/kg feed dosage in feed, prevent and treat common diseases such as enteritis and gill rot, when water temperature during greater than 22 ℃, jede Woche adds twice, and when water temperature was lower than 22 ℃, jede Woche added once.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of ecological method for breeding American reeves shad may further comprise the steps:
1) the main factor of water environment is regulated and control: water temperature is controlled within 10～33 ℃ of scopes; Dissolved oxygen is controlled at more than 3 mg/litre, and when in water temperature during greater than 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5 mg/litre;
2) improve water quality and control bacterial disease: jede Woche adds probiotics preparation, makes probio content remain on 10 * 10
8～40 * 10
8Individual/the cubic meter water body; In feed, add probiotics preparation by 5 mg/kg feed dosage;
3) breeding density: when hilsa herring body weight＜10 restrained, culturing reeves shads density was 400～600 tail/cubic meters; When hilsa herring body weight 10～100 grams, cultivation density is 50～100 tail/cubic meters; When hilsa herring body weight 100～500 grams, cultivation density is 5～10 tail/cubic meters; When hilsa herring body weight＞500 restrained, cultivation density was 2～5 tail/cubic meters;
4) nutrition is regulated: culturing in early days, protein content must not be lower than 48% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 8%; Culturing mid-term, protein content must not be lower than 46% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 10%; Culturing the later stage, protein content must not be lower than 43% in the feed, and fat content must not be lower than 16%; Day feeding volume is 3～6% of a body weight;
5) control of silk algae and spiral shell: culturing in early days, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 5～10 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜10 grams; Culturing the middle and later periods, raising together with Tilapia mossambica and each 0.1～0.2 tail/cubic meter of jewel perch of body weight＜100 grams.
2, ecological method for breeding American reeves shad according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when culturing pond employing cement pit, culturing early stage cement pit is 50～100 square metres, based on blowing aeration; The cement pit of culturing the middle and later periods is 100～200 square metres, adopts waterwheel aerator.
3, ecological method for breeding American reeves shad according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when culturing pond employing net cage, when the hilsa herring body weight restrained less than 10, mesh should be less than 5 millimeters; When the hilsa herring body weight was 100 grams, mesh should be 20 millimeters; When the hilsa herring body weight was 500 grams, mesh should be 30 millimeters.
4, ecological method for breeding American reeves shad according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when culturing pond employing cement pit, jede Woche adds probiotics preparation toward water body, and when water temperature during greater than 22 ℃, jede Woche adds once, when water temperature was lower than 22 ℃, every fortnight added once.
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| CN101642067B (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-09-07 | 江阴市申港三鲜养殖有限公司 | Method for artificially hastening parturition of American reeves shads, inseminating and hatching germ cells |
| CN103404472A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Industrialized ecological cultivation method of ribbonfish |
| CN103444605A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Natural reeves shad breeding method |
| CN103478022A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-01-01 | 泰州市秋雪湖渔业有限公司 | Method for promoting nature spawning of american shad by using artificial culture ecological factor |
| CN103503820A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-15 | 苏州依科曼生物农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting natural propagation of migratory fish by adopting recirculating aquaculture and propagation system |
| CN103858798A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-18 | 苏州康赛德生物农业有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for delaying transfer of fat under scales of hilsa herring |
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| CN105850802A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-17 | 苏州依科曼生物农业科技有限公司 | Method for increasing survival rate and growth rate of alosa sapidissima in breeding season |
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| CN101642067B (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-09-07 | 江阴市申港三鲜养殖有限公司 | Method for artificially hastening parturition of American reeves shads, inseminating and hatching germ cells |
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| CN103444605A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Natural reeves shad breeding method |
| CN103404472A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Industrialized ecological cultivation method of ribbonfish |
| CN103404472B (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-04-15 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Industrialized ecological cultivation method of ribbonfish |
| CN103503820A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-15 | 苏州依科曼生物农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting natural propagation of migratory fish by adopting recirculating aquaculture and propagation system |
| CN103503820B (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-10-28 | 苏州依科曼生物农业科技有限公司 | Circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently is adopted to impel the method for migration fishes natural propagation |
| CN103858798A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-18 | 苏州康赛德生物农业有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for delaying transfer of fat under scales of hilsa herring |
| CN103858798B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-23 | 苏州康赛德生物农业有限公司 | One is fatty transfer labor cultural method under delaying hilsa herring scales |
| CN105494204A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 陈伟 | Indoor breeding technique for alosa sapidissima |
| CN105494204B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 陈伟 | A kind of indoor culture method of American shad |
| CN105850802A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-17 | 苏州依科曼生物农业科技有限公司 | Method for increasing survival rate and growth rate of alosa sapidissima in breeding season |
| CN105850802B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2019-02-12 | 苏州鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | A method of improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate |
| CN106508769A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Device and method for reducing stress death of workshop cultivation larimichthys polyactis |
| CN109122531A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 洪泽鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of light and shade of the intensive circulating water cultivation of Ecology is fitted into Greenhouse System and cultural method |
| CN109122531B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-09-15 | 洪泽鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | Method for culturing hilsa herring |
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