CN105850802B - A method of improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate - Google Patents
A method of improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105850802B CN105850802B CN201610255302.2A CN201610255302A CN105850802B CN 105850802 B CN105850802 B CN 105850802B CN 201610255302 A CN201610255302 A CN 201610255302A CN 105850802 B CN105850802 B CN 105850802B
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- illumination
- temperature
- hilsa herring
- survival rate
- breeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate, pass through anti-biorhythm principle, control breeding environment day periodicity of illumination, temperature and salinity rhythmicity seasonal variations, postpone or inhibit the process of gonad development, reduce the biological energy source consumption of gonad development, inhibit male hilsa herring sexual behaviour, reduction property chases injured harm, improves breeding period survival rate.The most significant effect of the present invention is not only in that the survival rate during significantly improving hilsa herring breeding, during breeding in prior three months, not only weight does not lower, and there is significant weight gain, without using any drug therapy wound, method is simple and reliable, significant effect, it is low in cost, there is very wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hilsa herring reproduction technique fields, and in particular to a kind of raising hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate
Method.
Background technique
Alosa sapidissima (Alosa sapidissima) is in the endangered situation of " first of the three delicacies of the Changjiang river " the Changjiang river hilsa herring
Under, China was introduced from the U.S. in 2013 as substitute species, southern multiple provinces and cities form certain cultivation rule at home
Mould becomes domestic most rare one of breed variety.However, hilsa herring is " cherishing squama fish ", and it is edgy, it moves about vigorous, is breeding
Egg-laying season, female milter chase and mutually collide, cause scale to fall off or collide injury, and then body surface occur and rot or breed water mold
Disease leads to mortality (death rate up to 20~30% or more)；Since female milter chases fierceness, and the duration is longer, consumption
A large amount of energy, by trimestral breeding period, hilsa herring weight is remarkably decreased, 30~50% weight of ordinary loss.It is numerous to reduce
Grow the death rate of phase hilsa herring, producer is usually using a large amount of drug or even violated drug, including antibiotic etc., also without
Method controls the state of an illness.Hilsa herring is dead during breeding and lean body mass, yield decline bring huge loss to raiser, becomes hilsa herring
The maximum challenge that the development of fish culture industry is met with.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind
The method for improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate, specifically raising Alosa sapidissima breeding period survival rate and losing weight
The method of loss reduces the sexual mature rate of hilsa herring marketable fish, inhibition especially by illumination diurnal periodicity and temperature adjusting is extended
Behavior reduces the death as caused by violent sexual behaviour and body weight loss, and promotes body-surface rauma by salinity adjusting
It repairs, reduces economic loss.
Hilsa herring is typical anadromous migration fish, and gonad development and sexual behaviour have distinctness, dependence ecological environment
The feature of mechanical periodicity, i.e. hilsa herring gonad development with from seawater migration to freshet path necessary ecological environment,
Biotic environment and seasonal law and change.Therefore, by anti-biorhythm principle, control influences the pass of hilsa herring gonad development
The rhythmicity seasonal variations of key environmental factor can achieve the purpose of control its gonad development and sexual behaviour.
Our research indicate that the collaboration circadian changes of day periodicity of illumination, temperature and salinity are that hilsa herring sexual gland is normally sent out
The key point educated.Periodicity of illumination is the important factor for adjusting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH) and growth hormone secretion, in winter,
Gonad development can effectively be postponed by extending day light application time, and male hilsa herring can effectively be inhibited by extending day light application time in breeding period in spring
Piscinity behavior reduces so that reducing male hilsa herring chases intensity and collides injury；Whether temperature is the key that then decisive gland maturity
The factor improves cultivation temperature in winter, or shortens hypothermic phase, can also effectively postpone gonad development process or gonad development is endless
Entirely；In breeding period in spring, makes hilsa herring cultivation in brackish water environment, can not only reduce the phenomenon that mature hilsa herring is mutually knocked into the back, more have
Conducive to treatment because of wound caused by colliding.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of raising hilsa herring mating period survival rates
With the method for growth rate, by anti-biorhythm principle, control breeding environment day periodicity of illumination, temperature and salinity rhythmicity
The process of gonad development is postponed or inhibited to seasonal variations, reduces the biological energy source consumption of gonad development, inhibits male hilsa herring sexual behaviour,
Reduction property chases injured harm, weight loss caused by sexual behaviour is reduced, to improve breeding period survival rate and growth rate.
Specific steps are as follows:
1) day periodicity of illumination, in the fall and winter, is appropriately extended；And/or improve cultivation temperature；And/or shorten hypothermic phase；
2), in spring and Wheat summer sowing phase, a day light application time is further increased；And/or use brackish water circulating water cultivation
Mode.
In the fall and winter, hilsa herring gonad development are in III phase, the nutrient accumulation of positive value first oocyte and big growth
Critical period, need to shorten a day light application time, reduce the autumn and winters environmental characteristics such as temperature, be just able to satisfy the need of gonad development
It asks.By the method (LED energy-saving lamp) of artificial light filling, extends day light application time and keep the comprehensive function of temperature, avoid hilsa herring
Sexual gland develops required short photoperiod and hypothermic phase naturally, can inhibit the secretion of promotion sex hormone (GtH), so that gonad development is stagnated
In the III phase.Using day periodicity of illumination is extended, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 12~18 hours, and intensity of illumination is maintained at 800~3000lux,
Temperature is not less than 15~18 DEG C, not only can inhibit gonad development, also extends the time of ingesting, promotes growth.
In spring, continue using long day periodicity of illumination, and reduce temperature, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 14~20 hours, and illumination is protected
It holds in 1000~4000lux, temperature is controlled at 16~20 DEG C or less.Extend day light application time and reduce the double action of temperature,
It can inhibit the secretion of promoting sexual gland hormone (GtH), to inhibit gonad development.Strong illumination, long light application time and temperature are constant
Comprehensive function have inhibiting effect to male sex hormone, it is male since androgen is suppressed even if partial male hilsa herring reaches maturity
Property hilsa herring reproductive behavio(u)r significantly reduce, especially property knock into the back behavior decrease.
In summer, long day periodicity of illumination is still used, temperature control is at 30 DEG C hereinafter, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 14~20 small
When, illumination is maintained at 1000~4000lux, and temperature is controlled at 25~30 DEG C or less.By higher temperature (> 25 DEG C), favorably
In " itself inhibiting effect " of activation luteinising hormone-releasing hormo (LHRH), the secretion of GtH is reduced, sexual gland is caused to be degenerated.
The adjusting of salinity and the effect of healing wounds: hilsa herring is anadromous migration fish, and gonad development is mainly in sea
It is completed in water migration approach, gonadal maturation is completed in fresh water.Our research indicate that in the hilsa herring property of sea-farming
Gland development is stagnated to the IV primary yolk phase, so, fresh water is as one of sexually matured enabling signal of hilsa herring.Seawater or brackish water
Gonadal Development In Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii can be effectively suppressed, and have good therapeutic effect to body surface injury, prevent and treat saprolegniasis.
Brackish water aquaculture mode: in winter, using sea crystal or crude salt modulation aquaculture pond salt water, the salinity be 10~
25 ‰, in spring, when water temperature reaches 16~18 DEG C, salinity is increased to 15~35 ‰.
The synergistic effect that temperature control and day illumination period are adjusted: in various environmental factors, temperature section synchronous with illumination
Influence of the rule property to hilsa herring GtH secretion is most important, to constitute crucial group for influencing hilsa herring gonad development process and sexual behaviour
Close the factor.
The utility model has the advantages that the invention has the following advantages that in winter, overturning the rings such as short photoperiod and low temperature necessary to gonad development
It is distinctive dual to reach the Neuroendocrine regulation for inhibiting hilsa herring GtH secreting function to be subject to for the seasonal oscillation of border key factor
Effect.In addition, the deferred lighting phase, extension is ingested the time, and pineal body is promoted to secrete secondary growth hormone, promotes growth；Extend light
According to can inhibit gonad development.The industrial application of the technology of the present invention, mainly for mating period, male and female hilsa herring is due to strong property
It knocks into the back, fish body is badly damaged, and causes mortality；Moreover, the sexual behaviour of duration causes fish body thin, the hilsa herrings such as yield decline
The risk and loss of cultivation, technology barrier are overcome, and improve the enthusiasm of cultivation, and large-scale cultivation has important meaning.This
It invents most significant effect and is not only in that the survival rate significantly improved during hilsa herring breeds, it is often more important that, it was bred at three months
Period, not only weight does not lower, and has significant weight gain, without using any drug therapy wound.Method is simple and reliable, effect
Significantly, low in cost, there is very wide application prospect.
Specific embodiment:
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further explained.There is no the conventional cultural method specifically described in the present invention
It is method in the prior art, is not inventive point of the invention including hilsa herring aquaculture pond, recirculating water purification system etc.,
Therefore it repeats no more.
Embodiment 1:
A method of improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate, comprising the following steps: in the fall, using long light
According to period → in winter, using long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode → in spring, continue using long periodicity of illumination,
Warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode → and in summer, using natural lighting, the freshwater aquiculture mode of higher water temperature.
Specific implementation process is as follows:
1, the preparation of hilsa herring aquaculture pond: rectangle that is round or having fillet can be selected in cultivation fish pond, and area is 50~300 flat
Square rice, the depth of water are 0.8~2.0 meter.Aeration or wheel type aerator can be used in fishpond oxygenation.
2, the preparation of recirculating water purification system: purification of water quality can be divided into four parts, i.e. solid waste separation, aerobic nitre
Change, anaerobic nitrification and ultraviolet disinfection.Fishpond sewage enters solid-state separator by bottom outlet pipe, and the clear water on upper layer enters aerobic nitre
Change pond and after treated clear water enters ultraviolet disinfection, flows back to fishpond subsequently into anaerobic nitrification pond.
3, the adjusting of illumination period, temperature and salinity during cultivating:
Cultivation density: 5~20 tails/square metre or 5~20kg/ square metres；
A, in the fall, use long periodicity of illumination: i.e. the sunshine-duration, intensity of illumination was maintained at 8003000lux for 12 hours,
Temperature is not less than 18~22 DEG C, and fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode can be used；
B, in winter, use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration, illumination was strong for 12 hours
Degree is maintained at 3000lux, and temperature is not less than 18 DEG C, and salinity is 10 ‰；
C, in spring, continue to use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration for 12 hours, light
It is maintained at 3000lux according to intensity, temperature is not less than 18 DEG C, increases salinity to 15 ‰；
D, in summer, using natural lighting, the fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode of higher water temperature (24~28 DEG C).
Embodiment 2
A method of hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate being improved, basic skills is as embodiment 1, with implementation
The different place of example 1 is: the adjusting of illumination period, temperature and salinity during cultivation:
A, in the fall, use long periodicity of illumination: i.e. the sunshine-duration, intensity of illumination was maintained at 800lux, temperature for 18 hours
Not less than 22 DEG C, fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode can be used；
B, in winter, use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration, illumination was strong for 18 hours
Degree is maintained at 800lux, and temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, and salinity is 25 ‰；
C, in spring, continue to use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration for 18 hours, light
It is maintained at 800lux according to intensity, temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, increases salinity to 35 ‰；
D, in summer, using natural lighting, the fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode of higher water temperature (> 25 DEG C).
Embodiment 3
A method of hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate being improved, basic skills is as embodiment 1, with implementation
The different place of example 1 is: the adjusting of illumination period, temperature and salinity during cultivation:
A, in the fall, use long periodicity of illumination: i.e. the sunshine-duration, intensity of illumination was maintained at 1900lux, temperature for 15 hours
Not less than 20 DEG C, fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode can be used；
B, in winter, use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration, illumination was strong for 15 hours
Degree is maintained at 1900lux, and temperature is not less than 16 DEG C, and salinity is 17 ‰；
C, in spring, continue to use long periodicity of illumination, warm water, brackish water aquaculture mode: i.e. the sunshine-duration for 15 hours, light
It is maintained at 1900lux according to intensity, temperature is not less than 16 DEG C, increases salinity to 25 ‰；
D, in summer, using natural lighting, the fresh water or brackish water aquaculture mode of higher water temperature (> 25 DEG C).
The present invention reduces ring by the required Eco Environmental Factors (the converse ecological natural rhythm and pace of moving things) of control hilsa herring migration path institute
The inducing action of border factor pair gonad development hinders gonad development, especially inhibits the development of male spermaries；Or postpone ecology week
Phase guides sexual gland atrophy or degeneration, thus in three months breeding periods by high temperature to sexual gland physiological action until Summer High-Temperature Times
Between, sexual behaviour is reduced to the damage of cultivation fish body and the loss of weight loss.
The present invention by common breeding ecological environment, continue long illumination winter low temperature and continue long illumination winter warm water with
And the breeding way of Examples 1 to 3 compares cultivation, obtains following result.
Table 1
By the adjusting of anti-ecological environment, Gonadal Development In Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii can be effectively suppressed, continue long illumination winter warm water
Aquaculture model is best.And achieve the effect that as follows:
1, male hilsa herring maturing rate is reduced；
2, the survival rate for improving breeding period, at least improves 19.9% and 28.5%；
3, not only breeding period hilsa herring weight does not reduce, increases 27.3~28.2% instead.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: those skilled in the art are come
It says, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for improving hilsa herring mating period survival rate and growth rate, which is characterized in that by anti-biorhythm principle,
Control breeding environment day periodicity of illumination, temperature and salinity rhythmicity seasonal variations, to improve breeding period survival rate and life
Long rate, specific steps are as follows:
1), in the fall and winter, using day periodicity of illumination is extended, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 12~18 hours, and intensity of illumination is maintained at
800~3000lux, temperature are 15~18 DEG C；In winter, using sea crystal or the salt water of crude salt modulation aquaculture pond, the salinity
It is 10~25 ‰；
2), in spring, using long day periodicity of illumination, and temperature is reduced, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 14~20 hours, and illumination is maintained at
1000~4000lux, temperature is controlled at 16~20 DEG C, when water temperature reaches 16~18 DEG C, increases salinity to 15~35 ‰, in the summer
In season, using long day periodicity of illumination, i.e. the sunshine-duration is 14~20 hours, and illumination is maintained at 1000~4000lux, and temperature control exists
25~30 DEG C.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111655030B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2022-08-12 | 斯托芬菲库有限责任公司 | Aquaculture method for producing salmon roe |
| CN109122531B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-09-15 | 洪泽鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | Method for culturing hilsa herring |
| CN109924148B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | Method for breeding Alosa sapidissima |
| CN110367157B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-08-06 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | Artificial breeding method for variegated father-fish |
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