CN103478081B - Indoor high-density cultivation method of artemia - Google Patents
Indoor high-density cultivation method of artemia Download PDFInfo
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- CN103478081B CN103478081B CN201310375556.4A CN201310375556A CN103478081B CN 103478081 B CN103478081 B CN 103478081B CN 201310375556 A CN201310375556 A CN 201310375556A CN 103478081 B CN103478081 B CN 103478081B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an indoor high-density cultivation method of artemia. Filtered seawater is injected into a culture pond to form artificial rich water; in the morning, artemia eggs are treated and then are rapidly placed in the culture pond for hatch, and the illumination intensity is kept at 30-60 mu mol/m<2>/s; artemia artificial food is put in the morning when artemia larvae are hatched; in the culturing process, the dissolved oxygen of a water body is kept at above 0.7mg/L; a biology control method is used for regulating and controlling water quality and adjusting the body color of the artemia; after 10-15 days of cultivation, the artemia is harvested according to the need of market. An indoor cultivation mode is adopted, outdoor severe weather is effectively avoided, better cultivation water environment can be kept, the rapid growth of the artemia is effectively improved by the regulation and control on the water quality and the water color and the preparation and treatment of the artificial food, the quality and output of the artemia are very obviously improved and increased, the food calling property is enhanced, and guarantee is provided for the development of marine aquaculture industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, relate to the cultural method of a kind of halogen worm, specifically the indoor high-density cultural method of a kind of halogen worm.
Background technology
Halogen worm, also known as fairy shrimp, shrimps, is a kind of universal small-sized shell-fish.The growth and development process of halogen worm has metamorphosis, mainly experience ovum, nauplius, metanauplius, the pseudimago phase young, the stage such as adult.
Since Seale (1933) the & Rollefen thirties in 20th century (1939) first uses the bait of the artemia nauplii of just hatching as postlarva, the application of halogen worm in aquaculture is increasingly extensive, particularly in recent years in fish, shrimps seedling raising process, the importance of halogen worm can not be substituted especially.Artemia imago belongs to the final form that halogen worm grows, and body is long usually at 0.7 ~ 1.5cm.The artemia imago body colour of high-quality is scarlet, bodily form grossness, energetic, there is good attractant, particularly at grouper fry breeding phase, it is extremely obvious that high-quality halogen worm changes (natural bait of ingesting changes to artitificial food) effect to grouper postlarva bait, and also do not have other artificial or natural baits effectively to substitute at present.
In recent years, along with the introduction of Taiwan grouper nursery and cultural technique, grouper has become one of main breed variety in the seawater aquaculture industry of continent.Artemia imago is as the required biological feed of grouper postlarva, and demand increases year after year, but the actual provision amount of artemia imago is but not enough far away, and this also counteracts that grouper fry is cultivated, thus the development of remote-effects Grouper cultivating industry.Present stage nursery halogen worm used derives to be propagated artificially, and artemia culture mode has two kinds, i.e. the extensive style cultivation of the outdoor large pool and indoor half intensive culture.1, the extensive style cultivation of the halogen zooecium outer large pool belongs to the extensive style cultivation of halogen worm, breeding way is for once to inoculate, stagely to gather, also namely once inoculate enough after, after Artemia grow breeding reaches a certain size and density, halogen worm gathered appropriate by recycling dredger, and retains and a certain amount ofly allow its continued growth breed so that the gathering of next stage.Outdoor ponds cultivation affects by the rich apology of bait in weather and water body, output is very unstable, run into bad weather and easily occur the situation that the population short time is all dead, cultivation continuity cannot be protected, moreover outdoor ponds cultivation is larger by the restriction (as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen etc.) of breeding water body chemical factors, in the breeding process of the large pool, along with the dissolved oxygen concentration carried out in water body of cultivation can decline rapidly, the harmful chemicals such as ammonia nitrogen can increase gradually, and the probability of collapse is larger finally to cause halogen worm population to occur.2, in halogen zooecium, half intensive culture is the usual way carrying out the cultivation of halogen worm at present, the cement pit that this aquaculture model mainly adds a cover rain-proof shelter at indoor water mud sump or outdoor cultivates, cultivation controllability is increased, and output and stability have increase, and its output is generally at 0.5kg/m
3~ 2.0kg/m
3but the halogen polypide look of half intensive culture cultivation is dim, pastiness, and vigor is poor, and attractant is poor, output and input ratio lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the indoor high-density cultural method that a kind of halogen worm is provided for the deficiencies in the prior art, adopt indoor culture pattern, the outdoor bad weather of effective avoidance, keep good cultivation water environment, by to water quality, water colour regulation and control and artificial feed preparation makes halogen worm quality, output has improving of highly significant, strengthen attractant, for the development of mariculture industry provides safeguard.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
An indoor high-density cultural method for halogen worm, its step is as follows:
1, process in early stage
Select volume 8 ~ 20m
3, the degree of depth 1.2 ~ 1.5m, Seawater Treatment system and the perfect culturing pool of air supply system, will inject culturing pool (filtering sea can remove the harmful organisms of halogen worm or the young of harmful organisms) through the seawater filtered, the degree of depth of culturing pool seawater is 1.1 ~ 1.3m; Carry out artificial rich water with rich water complex in 1 ~ 3 day before putting ovum, rich water complex usage amount is that every cubic metre of seawater adds 200 ~ 600ml.Described rich water complex is that the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm is in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:10:10 mixes by former for bacillus powder, fish meal, particle diameter, then the addition adding 1mL by every gram of fish meal adds amino acid rich water element, the addition adding 10 ~ 30mL by every gram of fish meal again adds seawater, and Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix for 3 ~ 5 hours.
Described fish meal is with the offcuts in the lower or second-rate seawater fish of economic worth and processing of aquatic products production process for raw material, through washing, boiling, crushed after being dried, crosses 100 mesh sieves.
2, halogen worm hatching
Slag oxygenation carries out rinsing, freshwater soaking, to disinfect by 7:00 ~ 9:00 in the morning, and then put into culturing pool fast and hatch, the injected volume of slag oxygenation is 15g/m
3~ 25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep intensity of illumination at 30 ~ 60 μm of ol/ (㎡ s) (if illumination deficiency need provide artificial light source, as utilized fluorescent lamp to improve intensity of illumination, day of hatch also must provide illumination evening).Under normal circumstances, after 24 hours, the artemia larvae overwhelming majority can be hatched.
3, bait throwing in
Just threw something and fed the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched fermentation sufficient halogen worm artitificial food, Feeding time is point in morning six first, within every three hours later, throw something and feed once, wherein do not throw something and feed morning 3, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains in 15 ~ 20cm(breeding process also needs to keep water transparency at 15 ~ 20cm), the feeding volume of halogen worm artitificial food takes the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease according to this index.Described halogen worm artitificial food in compound, adds seawater mixing after fermentation form for 1 ~ 6 day, 2 ~ 10 times that are wherein compound in the addition of mixture volume seawater, described compound is that the ratio being 1:20 ~ 100 in mass ratio by ocean rhodotorula and batch mixes, described batch is that the rice bran being 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter (is commonly called as air chaff, main component is the membranaceous tissue between paddy husk and fruit, this membranaceous being organized in paddy processing process is ground into the particle that size is 1 ~ 30 μm), fish meal, flour, the particle that particle diameter is 1 ~ 130 μm is crushed to after soya bean and vitamin complex mixing, the mass fraction of each component is:
Because genus artemia is in typical filter feeder, as long as the particle being in 1 ~ 50 μm all can be ingested, and to the particle of 5 ~ 16 μm, there is higher absorption filter, therefore, the particle diameter of above-mentioned batch preferably 5 ~ 16 μm.
4, aquaculture management
Air feed: required 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process, make the dissolved oxygen of water body maintain more than 0.7mg/L.
Water quality adjustment:
In A, breeding process, by amino acid rich water element with EM bacterium in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:1 ~ 5 mix, then at first day, the mixture of the plain and EM bacterium of Standard entertion amino acid rich water adding 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 15 ~ 50mL, 15 ~ 50mL, 15 ~ 50mL for second day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day respectively by every cubic metre of water body.Because useful mushroom can not only improve water quality, and be the good bait of halogen worm, its abundant trophic component can promote that the growth of halogen worm and body colour redden significantly, the present invention uses amino acid rich water element not only can regulate water colour, the beneficial microorganism growth and breeding in water body can also be promoted, as Micro Algae, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria etc., halogen worm also can pass through the effective ingredient in a certain amount of amino acid rich water of External absorbability element simultaneously, thus quickening growth and body colour redden.In breeding process, amino acid rich water element belongs to important assistant agent, must use together it just can be made to show best effect in conjunction with photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium.
B, within the 5th day to the tenth day, add the Standard entertion photosynthetic bacteria of 6 ~ 20mL, 6 ~ 20mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 6 ~ 20mL respectively by every cubic metre of water body in cultivation.Photosynthetic bacteria is the factor affecting artemia culture effect highly significant, its protein content is high, nutrition is complete, it is the good biological feed of halogen worm, and photosynthetic bacteria can to effectively reduce in water body the harmful chemical components such as nonionic state ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, nitrite, keep the good of water quality.Because photosynthetic bacteria belongs to anaerobic type bacterium, the dissolved oxygen amount (>1.2mg/L) that artemia culture early stage (first four days of cultivation) is sufficient is not the growth being well suited for photosynthetic bacteria, so do not cultivate in early days, the cultivation initial time of photosynthetic bacteria is cultivate the 5th day that carries out, carry out later every day supplementing strengthening, make photosynthetic bacteria form dominant population.
During C, cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours is still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming by limited time, and need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, the basic usage amount of bacillus be 0.3 ~ 0.7g/m
3water body.Bacillus can promote growing of halogen worm as the food organisms of halogen worm, and bacillus can decompose the excreta of bait remaining in water body and halogen worm simultaneously, improves water body.
5, harvesting
After the cultivation of 10 ~ 15 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.7 ~ 1.5cm, and output can reach 4.kg/m
3~ 6.0kg/m
3, now according to the market demand, halogen worm can be gathered.
The present invention adopts indoor culture pattern, the outdoor bad weather of effective avoidance, keep good cultivation water environment, by effectively improving the quick growth of halogen worm to water quality, water colour regulation and control and the preparation of artificial feed, make halogen worm quality, output has improving of highly significant, promote that halogen polypide look changes to redness, strengthen attractant, for the development of mariculture industry provides safeguard.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually conveniently condition, or according to the condition that manufacturer advises.
Embodiment
Select culturing pool 16, specification 3m × 2m × 1.5m, volume 9m
3, Seawater Treatment adopts sand filter filtration system, and air feed adopts conventional keeping equipment.
Above-mentioned 16 culturing pools are divided into A group, B group, C group, D group totally four groups, often organize four ponds.Seawater through filtering is injected culturing pool, depth of water 1.2m, water body volume 7.2m
3.
Be that the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm is in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:10:10 mixes by former for bacillus powder, fish meal, particle diameter, then the addition adding 1mL by every gram of fish meal adds amino acid rich water element, the addition adding 10 ~ 30mL by every gram of fish meal again adds seawater, and Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix for 3 ~ 5 hours and obtains rich water complex.
Bait a: be the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin complex mix according to 100:20:10:10:1 ratio, then being crushed to particle diameter is that the particle of 1 ~ 130 μm obtains batch, ocean rhodotorula and the batch after pulverizing are carried out being mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:60, the seawater adding 10 times with the stereometer of compound in compound ferments 4 days.
Bait b: be the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin complex mix according to 100:25:12:10:2 ratio, then being crushed to particle diameter is that the particle of 1 ~ 130 μm obtains batch, ocean rhodotorula and the batch after pulverizing are carried out being mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:40, the seawater adding 6 times with the stereometer of compound in compound ferments 3 days.
Bait c: be the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin complex mix according to 110:20:15:13:3 ratio, then being crushed to particle diameter is that the particle of 1 ~ 130 μm obtains batch, ocean rhodotorula and the batch after pulverizing are carried out being mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:80, the seawater adding 8 times with the stereometer of compound in compound ferments 6 days.
Bait d: be the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin complex mix according to 95:30:10:15:1 ratio, then being crushed to particle diameter is that the particle of 1 ~ 130 μm obtains batch, ocean rhodotorula and the batch after pulverizing are carried out being mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:30, the seawater adding 5 times with the stereometer of compound in compound ferments 3 days.
Put ovum in first 3 days and carry out artificial rich water with rich water complex, rich water complex usage amount is respectively: A group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 200ml;
B group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 300ml;
C group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 500ml;
D group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 600ml.
Slag oxygenation carries out rinsing, freshwater soaking (1 ~ 2h), to disinfect by 7:00 in the morning, and then put into culturing pool fast and hatch, the injected volume of slag oxygenation is respectively: A group is 16g/m
3, B group is 18g/m
3, C group is 20g/m
3, D group is 25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep intensity of illumination 30 ~ 60 μm of ol/ (㎡ s) (if illumination deficiency need provide artificial light source, as utilized fluorescent lamp to improve intensity of illumination, day of hatch also must provide illumination evening).Under normal circumstances, after 24 hours, the artemia larvae overwhelming majority can be hatched.
Just threw something and fed the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched the sufficient halogen worm artitificial food of fermentation, wherein A group bait a, B group bait b, C group bait c, D group of throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed bait d.Feeding time is point in morning six first, within every three hours later, throw something and feed once, wherein do not throw something and feed morning 3, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains in 15 ~ 20cm(breeding process also needs to keep water transparency at 15 ~ 20cm), the feeding volume of halogen worm artitificial food takes the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease according to this index.
Aquaculture management:
Air feed: required 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process, make the dissolved oxygen of water body maintain more than 0.7mg/L.
Water quality adjustment:
1, the ratio being 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:5 respectively in mass ratio by amino acid rich water element and EM bacterium mixes, then join A group, B group, C group, D group respectively, addition is first day, within second day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day, adds 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 15 ~ 50mL, 15 ~ 50mL, the Standard entertion amino acid rich water element of 15 ~ 50mL and the mixture of EM bacterium respectively by every cubic metre of water body.
2, within the 5th day to the tenth day, add the Standard entertion photosynthetic bacteria of 6 ~ 20mL, 6 ~ 20mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 6 ~ 20mL respectively by every cubic metre of water body in cultivation.
3, during cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours is still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming by limited time, and need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, the basic usage amount of bacillus be 0.3 ~ 0.7g/m
3water body.
Harvesting: after the cultivation of 12 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.8 ~ 1.3cm, and halogen polypide look is red, harvesting, then the halogen worm of gathering is put into 60 object bolting silk nets temporarily support bag carry out running water, running water just can be packed after three hours, metering (weight in wet base), the results are shown in Table 1.
The output of table 1 artemia culture
As can be seen from result in table, artemia culture output of the present invention can reach 4kg/m
3~ 6kg/m
3, be much higher than outdoor large pool artemia culture output (lower than 0.5kg/m
3), indoor half intensive culture halogen worm output (0.5kg/m
3~ 2.0kg/m
3).Artemia culture stable yield of the present invention and efficient, cultivation halogen worm is out superior in quality, output and input ratio higher.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an indoor high-density cultural method for halogen worm, is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
1), process in early stage
Select volume 8 ~ 20m
3, the degree of depth 1.2 ~ 1.5m, Seawater Treatment system and the perfect culturing pool of air supply system, will inject culturing pool through the seawater filtered, the degree of depth of culturing pool seawater is 1.1 ~ 1.3m; Carry out artificial rich water with rich water complex in 1 ~ 3 day before putting ovum, rich water complex usage amount is that every cubic metre of seawater adds 200 ~ 600ml; Described rich water complex is that the rice bran of 1 ~ 30 μm is in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:10:10 mixes by former for bacillus powder, fish meal, particle diameter, then the addition adding 1mL by every gram of fish meal adds amino acid rich water element, the addition adding 10 ~ 30mL by every gram of fish meal again adds seawater, and Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix for 3 ~ 5 hours;
2), halogen worm hatching
Slag oxygenation carries out rinsing, freshwater soaking, to disinfect by 7:00 ~ 9:00 in the morning, and then put into culturing pool fast and hatch, the injected volume of slag oxygenation is 15g/m
3~ 25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep continuous light, intensity of illumination 30 ~ 60 μm of ol/ (m
2s);
3), bait throwing in
Just threw something and fed the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched fermentation sufficient halogen worm artitificial food, Feeding time is point in morning six first, and within later every three hours, throw something and feed once, wherein do not throw something and feed morning 3, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains 15 ~ 20cm; Described halogen worm artitificial food in compound, adds seawater mixing after fermentation form for 1 ~ 6 day, 2 ~ 10 times that are wherein compound in the addition of mixture volume seawater, described compound is that the ratio being 1:20 ~ 100 in mass ratio by ocean rhodotorula and batch mixes, described batch is that rice bran, fish meal, flour, soya bean and the vitamin complex being 1 ~ 30 μm by particle diameter is crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 1 ~ 130 μm after mixing, and the mass fraction of each component is:
4), aquaculture management
Air feed: required 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process, make the dissolved oxygen of water body maintain more than 0.7mg/L;
Water quality adjustment:
In A, breeding process, by amino acid rich water element with EM bacterium in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:1 ~ 5 mix, then at first day, the mixture of the plain and EM bacterium of Standard entertion amino acid rich water adding 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 3 ~ 5mL, 15 ~ 50mL, 15 ~ 50mL, 15 ~ 50mL for second day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day respectively by every cubic metre of water body;
B, within the 5th day to the tenth day, add the Standard entertion photosynthetic bacteria of 6 ~ 20mL, 6 ~ 20mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 3 ~ 15mL, 6 ~ 20mL respectively by every cubic metre of water body in cultivation;
During C, cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours is still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming by limited time, and need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, the basic usage amount of bacillus be 0.3 ~ 0.7g/m
3water body;
5), harvesting
After the cultivation of 10 ~ 15 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.7 ~ 1.5cm, now can be gathered by halogen worm according to the market demand.
2. the indoor high-density cultural method of halogen worm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of artificial feed is described fish meal is for raw material with the offcuts in the lower or second-rate seawater fish of economic worth and processing of aquatic products production process, through washing, boiling, crushed after being dried, cross 100 mesh sieves.
3. the indoor high-density cultural method of halogen worm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the suitableeest particle diameter of described batch is 5 ~ 16 μm.
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| CN104982389A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-10-21 | 塔里木大学 | Method for screening and judging photoperiod-sensitive Artemia populations |
| CN105029111A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-11 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Bait for culturing large brine shrimps and culturing method thereof |
| CN105613375B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-01-22 | 江苏苏港和顺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding soft-shell turtle special fertilizer aqueous and production method |
| CN105707016A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-29 | 天津科技大学 | Method for artemia culture in high salinity environment |
| CN105766810B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2019-02-22 | 鲁东大学 | A kind of indoor low cost, high density, sustainable cultural method of artemia |
| CN105941334B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-04 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of method of artemia nauplii hatching and quick separating |
| CN106386704B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-10-29 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | The method of artemia high-density breeding under one breeding algal rim border |
| CN106165790A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-30 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of bait for artemia culture and artemia culture method |
| CN110856526A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-03-03 | 南风化工集团股份有限公司 | Brine shrimp feed for salt pan and preparation method thereof |
| CN110301385A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-08 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A method of cultivation fairy shrimp |
| CN110754405B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-11-23 | 广东海洋大学 | Large-scale production method of artemia salina imago |
| CN111226843A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-05 | 广东海兴农集团有限公司 | Special artemia indoor culture method for seawater fish and shrimp seedling culture |
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| CN1312988C (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2007-05-02 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Nanjing fairy shrimp egg proliferating method |
| CN102630639A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-08-15 | 李新书 | Shelling method of artemia cyst |
| CN102524196B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-04 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving hatching rate of artemia cysts |
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