CN103478081A - Indoor high-density cultivation method of artemia - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an indoor high-density cultivation method of artemia. Filtered seawater is injected into a culture pond to form artificial rich water; in the morning, artemia eggs are treated and then are rapidly placed in the culture pond for hatch, and the illumination intensity is kept at 30-60 mu mol/m<2>/s; artemia artificial food is put in the morning when artemia larvae are hatched; in the culturing process, the dissolved oxygen of a water body is kept at above 0.7mg/L; a biology control method is used for regulating and controlling water quality and adjusting the body color of the artemia; after 10-15 days of cultivation, the artemia is harvested according to the need of market. An indoor cultivation mode is adopted, outdoor severe weather is effectively avoided, better cultivation water environment can be kept, the rapid growth of the artemia is effectively improved by the regulation and control on the water quality and the water color and the preparation and treatment of the artificial food, the quality and output of the artemia are very obviously improved and increased, the food calling property is enhanced, and guarantee is provided for the development of marine aquaculture industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, relate to the cultural method of a kind of halogen worm, specifically the indoor high-density cultural method of a kind of halogen worm.
Background technology
The halogen worm, claim again fairy shrimp, shrimps, is a kind of universal small-sized shell-fish.The growth and development process of halogen worm has metamorphosis, mainly experiences the stages such as ovum, nauplius, metanauplius, the pseudimago phase young, adult.
Since Seale (the 1933) & thirties in 20th century; Since Rollefen (1939) is at first used the bait of artemia nauplii as postlarva of just hatching, the application of halogen worm in aquaculture is increasingly extensive, particularly in recent years in fish, shrimps seedling raising process, the importance of halogen worm can not be substituted especially.Artemia imago belongs to the final form that the halogen worm grows, and body is long usually at 0.7～1.5cm.The artemia imago body colour of high-quality is scarlet, bodily form grossness, energetic, there is good attractant, particularly in the grouper seed rearing stage, it is extremely obvious that high-quality halogen worm changes (natural bait of ingesting changes to artitificial food) effect to grouper postlarva bait, and also do not have at present other artificial or natural baits effectively to substitute.
In recent years, along with the introduction that the Taiwan grouper is grown seedlings with cultural technique, grouper had become one of main breed variety in continent mariculture industry.Artemia imago is as the essential biological feed of grouper postlarva, and demand increases year after year, but the actual provision amount of artemia imago is but not enough far away, and this has also hindered the grouper seed rearing, thus the development of remote-effects Grouper cultivating industry.Present stage grows seedlings the halogen worm used and derives from and propagates artificially, and the artemia culture mode has two kinds, i.e. outdoor large pool extensive style cultivation and indoor half intensive culture.1, the extensive style cultivation of the outer large pool of halogen zooecium belongs to the extensive style cultivation of halogen worm, breeding way is once inoculation, stage gathering, also once inoculate enough after, after halogen worm growth and breeding reaches a certain size and density, the halogen worm gathered appropriate by the recycling dredger, and retains and a certain amount ofly allow its continued growth breeding so that the gathering of next stage.The outdoor ponds cultivation is affected by the rich apology of bait in weather and water body, output is very unstable, run into bad weather and whole dead situations of population short time easily occur, the cultivation continuity can't be protected, moreover the outdoor ponds cultivation is subject to the restriction (as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen etc.) of breeding water body chemical factors larger, in the breeding process of the large pool, the dissolved oxygen concentration decline rapidly in water body of carrying out along with cultivation, the harmful chemicals such as ammonia nitrogen can increase gradually, finally cause halogen worm population to occur that the probability of collapse is larger.2, in the halogen zooecium, half intensive culture is to carry out at present the usual way of halogen worm cultivation, this aquaculture model is cultivated at indoor cement pit or outdoor cement pit of adding a cover rain-proof shelter, making to cultivate controllability increases, and output and stability have increase, and its output is generally at 0.5kg/m
3～2.0kg/m
3, but the halogen polypide look of half intensive culture cultivation is dim, pastiness, and vigor is poor, and attractant is poor, and output and input ratio are lower.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide for the deficiencies in the prior art the indoor high-density cultural method of a kind of halogen worm, adopt the indoor culture pattern, effectively avoid outdoor bad weather, keep cultivation water environment preferably, by to water quality, water colour regulation and control and artificial feed preparation, making halogen worm quality, output that improving of highly significant be arranged, strengthen attractant, for the development of mariculture industry provides safeguard.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
The indoor high-density cultural method of a kind of halogen worm, its step is as follows:
1, process early stage
Select volume 8～20m
3, the degree of depth 1.2～1.5m, the culturing pool that Seawater Treatment system and air supply system are perfect, will inject culturing pool (filtering sea can be removed the young of harmful organisms or the harmful organisms of halogen worm) through the seawater filtered, the degree of depth of culturing pool seawater is 1.1～1.3m; Put ovum and carry out artificial rich water with the rich water complex in first 1～3 day, rich water complex usage amount is that every cubic metre of seawater adds 200～600ml.The rice bran that described rich water complex is is 1～30 μ m by the former powder of bacillus, fish meal, particle diameter mixes for the ratio of 1:10:10 in mass ratio, then by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 1mL to add amino acid rich water element, by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 10～30mL to add seawater again, Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix in 3～5 hours.
Described fish meal is that the offcuts of take in the lower or second-rate seawater fish of economic worth and processing of aquatic products production process are raw material, through washing, boiling, crushed after being dried, crosses 100 mesh sieves.
2, halogen worm hatching
7:00～9:00 is rinsed the halogen worm's ovum, freshwater soaking, disinfected in the morning, then puts into fast culturing pool and is hatched, and the injected volume of halogen worm's ovum is 15g/m
3～25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep intensity of illumination at 30～60 μ mol/ (㎡ s) (if the illumination deficiency need provide artificial light source, as utilize fluorescent lamp to improve intensity of illumination, hatching also must provide illumination evening on the same day).Under normal circumstances, after 24 hours, the artemia larvae overwhelming majority can be hatched.
3, bait throwing in
Just threw something and fed the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched the fermentation sufficient halogen worm artitificial food, Feeding time is points in mornings six first, within every three hours, throw something and feed once later, wherein do not throw something and feed in 3 of mornings, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains in 15～20cm(breeding process also needs to keep water transparency at 15～20cm), the feeding volume of halogen worm artitificial food is taken the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease according to this index.Described halogen worm artitificial food is in compound, to add seawater to mix after fermentation to form in 1～6 day, the addition of mixture volume seawater of wherein take is compound 2～10 times, described compound is mixed ocean rhodotorula and batch in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:20～100, the rice bran that described batch is is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter (is commonly called as the air chaff, main component is the membranaceous tissue between paddy husk and fruit, this membranaceous being organized in the paddy process is ground into the particle that size is 1～30 μ m), fish meal, flour, soya bean and vitamin compound are crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 1～130 μ m after mixing, the mass fraction of each component is:
, all can be ingested so long as be in the particle of 1～50 μ m in typical filter feeder due to genus artemia, and the particle of 5～16 μ m is had to higher absorption filter, therefore, the particle diameter of above-mentioned batch is 5～16 μ m preferably.
4, aquaculture management
Air feed: essential 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process make more than the dissolved oxygen of water body maintains 0.7mg/L.
Water quality adjustment:
In A, breeding process, amino acid rich water element is mixed for the ratio of 1:1～5 in mass ratio with the EM bacterium, then first day, second day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day, by every cubic metre of water body, add the standard of 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL to add the mixture of the plain and EM bacterium of amino acid rich water respectively.Because useful mushroom not only can improve water quality, and be the good bait of halogen worm, its abundant trophic component can promote that the growth of halogen worm and body colour redden significantly, the present invention uses amino acid rich water element not only can regulate water colour, can also promote the beneficial microorganism growth and breeding in water body, as Micro Algae, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria etc., the halogen worm also can pass through the effective ingredient in a certain amount of amino acid rich water of External absorbability element simultaneously, thereby quickening growth and body colour redden.In breeding process, amino acid rich water element belongs to important assistant agent, must use together and just can make it show best effect in conjunction with photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium.
B, the cultivation within the 5th day, to the tenth day, by every cubic metre of water body, add the standard of 6～20mL, 6～20mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 6～20mL to add photosynthetic bacteria respectively.Photosynthetic bacteria is a factor that affects artemia culture effect highly significant, its protein content is high, nutrition is complete, it is the good biological feed of halogen worm, and photosynthetic bacteria can effectively reduce the harmful chemical components such as non-ion state ammon nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, nitrite in water body, keep the good of water quality.Because photosynthetic bacteria belongs to the anaerobic type bacterium, sufficient the dissolved oxygen amount (> 1.2mg/L of artemia culture early stage (cultivation first four days)) be not the growth that is well suited for photosynthetic bacteria, so do not cultivated in early days, the cultivation zero-time of photosynthetic bacteria is for cultivating the 5th day that carries out, supplement strengthening every day later, make photosynthetic bacteria form dominant population.
During C, cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours, still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming and is subject in limited time, need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, and the basic usage amount of bacillus is 0.3～0.7g/m
3water body.Bacillus can promote growing of halogen worm as the food organisms of halogen worm, and bacillus can be decomposed the excreta of bait remaining in water body and halogen worm simultaneously, improves water body.
5, harvesting
After the cultivation through 10～15 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.7～1.5cm, and output can reach 4.kg/m
3～6.0kg/m
3, now can the halogen worm be gathered according to the market demand.
The present invention adopts the indoor culture pattern, effectively avoid outdoor bad weather, keep cultivation water environment preferably, effectively improve the Fast Growth of halogen worm by the preparation to water quality, water colour regulation and control and artificial feed, make halogen worm quality, output that improving of highly significant be arranged, promote halogen polypide look to change to redness, strengthen attractant, for the development of mariculture industry provides safeguard.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for the present invention is described, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.
Embodiment
Select 16 of culturing pools, specification 3m * 2m * 1.5m, volume 9m
3, Seawater Treatment adopts the sand filter filtration system, and air feed adopts conventional keeping equipment.
Above-mentioned 16 culturing pools are divided into to totally four groups of A group, B group, C group, D groups, every group of four ponds.To inject culturing pool, depth of water 1.2m, water body volume 7.2m through the seawater filtered
3.
The rice bran that is 1～30 μ m by the former powder of bacillus, fish meal, particle diameter mixes for the ratio of 1:10:10 in mass ratio, then by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 1mL to add amino acid rich water element, by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 10～30mL to add seawater again, Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix in 3～5 hours and obtains the rich water complex.
Bait a: the rice bran that is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin compound mix according to the 100:20:10:10:1 ratio, then the particle that to be crushed to particle diameter be 1～130 μ m obtains batch, by ocean rhodotorula with pulverize after batch be mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:60, add the seawater fermentation 4 days of 10 times in compound with the stereometer of compound.
Bait b: the rice bran that is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin compound mix according to the 100:25:12:10:2 ratio, then the particle that to be crushed to particle diameter be 1～130 μ m obtains batch, by ocean rhodotorula with pulverize after batch be mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:40, add the seawater fermentation 3 days of 6 times in compound with the stereometer of compound.
Bait c: the rice bran that is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin compound mix according to the 110:20:15:13:3 ratio, then the particle that to be crushed to particle diameter be 1～130 μ m obtains batch, by ocean rhodotorula with pulverize after batch be mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:80, add the seawater fermentation 6 days of 8 times in compound with the stereometer of compound.
Bait d: the rice bran that is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean, vitamin compound mix according to the 95:30:10:15:1 ratio, then the particle that to be crushed to particle diameter be 1～130 μ m obtains batch, by ocean rhodotorula with pulverize after batch be mixed to get compound according to the ratio of 1:30, add the seawater fermentation 3 days of 5 times in compound with the stereometer of compound.
Put ovum and carry out artificial rich water with the rich water complex in first 3 days, rich water complex usage amount is respectively: the A group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 200ml;
The B group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 300ml;
The C group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 500ml;
The D group: every cubic metre of seawater adds 600ml.
7:00 is rinsed the halogen worm's ovum, freshwater soaking (1～2h), disinfect in the morning, then puts into fast culturing pool and is hatched, and the injected volume of halogen worm's ovum is respectively: the A group is 16g/m
3, B group is 18g/m
3, C group is 20g/m
3, D group is 25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep intensity of illumination 30～60 μ mol/ (㎡ s) (if the illumination deficiency need provide artificial light source, as utilize fluorescent lamp to improve intensity of illumination, hatching also must provide illumination evening on the same day).Under normal circumstances, after 24 hours, the artemia larvae overwhelming majority can be hatched.
Just the sufficient halogen worm artitificial food of fermentation of throwing something and feeding the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched, wherein A group bait a, B group bait b, C group bait c, the D group bait d that throws something and feeds that throws something and feeds that throws something and feeds that throws something and feeds.Feeding time is points in mornings six first, within every three hours, throw something and feed once later, wherein do not throw something and feed in 3 of mornings, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains in 15～20cm(breeding process also needs to keep water transparency at 15～20cm), the feeding volume of halogen worm artitificial food is taken the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease according to this index.
Aquaculture management:
Air feed: essential 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process make more than the dissolved oxygen of water body maintains 0.7mg/L.
Water quality adjustment:
1, amino acid rich water element is mixed for the ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:5 respectively in mass ratio with the EM bacterium, then join respectively A group, B group, C group, D group, addition is first day, second day, within the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day, by every cubic metre of water body, adds the standard of 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL to add the mixture of amino acid rich water element and EM bacterium respectively.
2, in cultivation, within the 5th day, to the tenth day, by every cubic metre of water body, add the standard of 6～20mL, 6～20mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 6～20mL to add photosynthetic bacteria respectively.
3, during the cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours, still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming and is subject in limited time, need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, and the basic usage amount of bacillus is 0.3～0.7g/m
3water body.
Harvesting: after the cultivation through 12 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.8～1.3cm, and halogen polypide look is red, harvesting, then put into the halogen worm of gathering 60 purpose bolting silk nets and support temporarily bag and carry out the flowing water flushing, and flowing water rinses after three hours and just can pack, metering (weight in wet base), the results are shown in Table 1.
The output of table 1 artemia culture
In table, result can be found out, artemia culture output of the present invention can reach 4kg/m
3～6kg/m
3, be much higher than outdoor large pool artemia culture output (lower than 0.5kg/m
3), indoor half intensive culture halogen worm output (0.5kg/m
3～2.0kg/m
3).Artemia culture stable yield of the present invention and efficient, cultivation halogen worm out is superior in quality, and output and input ratio are higher.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the indoor high-density cultural method of a halogen worm, is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
1), process early stage
Select volume 8～20m
3, the degree of depth 1.2～1.5m, the culturing pool that Seawater Treatment system and air supply system are perfect, will inject culturing pool through the seawater filtered, the degree of depth of culturing pool seawater is 1.1～1.3m; Put ovum and carry out artificial rich water with the rich water complex in first 1～3 day, rich water complex usage amount is that every cubic metre of seawater adds 200～1000ml; The rice bran that described rich water complex is is 1～30 μ m by the former powder of bacillus, fish meal, particle diameter mixes for the ratio of 1:10:10 in mass ratio, then by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 1mL to add amino acid rich water element, by every gram fish meal, add the addition of 10～30mL to add seawater again, Aerated stirring makes each composition fully mix in 3～5 hours;
2), halogen worm hatching
7:00～9:00 is rinsed the halogen worm's ovum, freshwater soaking, disinfected in the morning, then puts into fast culturing pool and is hatched, and the injected volume of halogen worm's ovum is 15g/m
3～25g/m
3; In hatching process, keep continuous light, intensity of illumination 30～60 μ mol/ (m
2s);
3), bait throwing in
Just the sufficient halogen worm artitificial food of fermentation of throwing something and feeding the morning on the same day that artemia larvae is hatched, Feeding time is points in mornings six first, within later every three hours, throws something and feeds once, does not does not wherein throw something and feed in 3 of mornings, during bait throwing in, water transparency maintains 15～20cm; Described halogen worm artitificial food is in compound, to add seawater to mix after fermentation to form in 1～6 day, the addition of mixture volume seawater of wherein take is compound 2～10 times, described compound is mixed ocean rhodotorula and batch in mass ratio for the ratio of 1:20～100, the rice bran that described batch is is 1～30 μ m by particle diameter, fish meal, flour, soya bean and vitamin compound are crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 1～130 μ m after mixing, and the mass fraction of each component is:
4), aquaculture management
Air feed: essential 24 hours continuous air feed in breeding process make more than the dissolved oxygen of water body maintains 0.7mg/L;
Water quality adjustment:
In A, breeding process, amino acid rich water element is mixed for the ratio of 1:1～5 in mass ratio with the EM bacterium, then first day, second day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 9th day, by every cubic metre of water body, add the standard of 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 3～5mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL, 15～50mL to add the mixture of the plain and EM bacterium of amino acid rich water respectively;
B, the cultivation within the 5th day, to the tenth day, by every cubic metre of water body, add the standard of 6～20mL, 6～20mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 3～15mL, 6～20mL to add photosynthetic bacteria respectively;
During C, cultivation, when the transparency of bait throwing in water body after two hours, still lower than 15cm, or halogen worm appendage is stained with floccule swimming and is subject in limited time, need throw something and feed through the bacillus of overactivation in water body, and the basic usage amount of bacillus is 0.3～0.7g/m
3water body;
5), harvesting
After the cultivation through 10～15 days, halogen polypide length can reach 0.7～1.5cm, now can the halogen worm be gathered according to the market demand.
2. the indoor high-density cultural method of halogen worm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of artificial feed is that described fish meal is that the offcuts of take in the lower or second-rate seawater fish of economic worth and processing of aquatic products production process are raw material, through washing, boiling, crushed after being dried, cross 100 mesh sieves.
3. the indoor high-density cultural method of halogen worm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the suitableeest particle diameter of described batch is 5～16 μ m.
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