CN1833127B - 用于操作汽车自动变速器的方法 - Google Patents

用于操作汽车自动变速器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1833127B
CN1833127B CN2004800222919A CN200480022291A CN1833127B CN 1833127 B CN1833127 B CN 1833127B CN 2004800222919 A CN2004800222919 A CN 2004800222919A CN 200480022291 A CN200480022291 A CN 200480022291A CN 1833127 B CN1833127 B CN 1833127B
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马蒂亚斯·温克尔
贝尔特拉姆·温格特
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/1819—Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B60W2520/105—Longitudinal acceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/18—Steering angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/20—Direction indicator values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0216—Calculation or estimation of post shift values for different gear ratios, e.g. by using engine performance tables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/50—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
    • F16H59/54—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the brakes, e.g. parking brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/46—Signals to a clutch outside the gearbox
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S477/00—Interrelated power delivery controls, including engine control
    • Y10S477/903—Control signal is steering

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及操作汽车中的自动变速器的方法，其中在惯性阶段期间，在达到预定的临界速度之前，在变速器内执行换低档，并在挂入新的档位之后在汽车发动机和变速器之间布置的离合器闭合，其特征在于，当在低于临界速度时继续执行换低档时，在挂入另一新的档位之后，所述离合器保持打开。

Description

用于操作汽车自动变速器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于操作汽车自动变速器的方法。
背景技术
对技术人员来说，已知许多操作自动变速器的方法。在这一事情上，涉及特别在所谓的惯性滑行换低档情况下出现的这种变速器的控制问题。在这种惯性滑行换低档时，在车速不断降低的情况下，从高的变速器档位自动向越来越低的变速器档位转换。为此，以本身已知的方式操作由变速器控制器控制的致动器，利用该致动器可选择并挂入变速器档位，以及操作变速器的起动离合器和分离离合器。
例如在下坡时，执行上述惯性滑行换低档以利用汽车发动机的制动力矩，从而使汽车脚制动器的负荷不要过高。此外，通过根据行驶速度跟踪变速器档位，还能够在结束惯性滑行阶段以后，在离合器闭合情况下，挂入随后也许紧跟的正汽车加速阶段所需的变速器档位。
此外，在汽车正常行驶运行中，会出现汽车以不断减小的行驶速度驶向交通障碍、短时间关闭的铁路道口或者变成红灯的红绿灯的行驶运行阶段。在这种运行阶段过程中，会导致在挂着较低变速器档位时产生的发动机制动力矩对汽车产生过大的制动作用。
因此，在多档自动变速器情况下，在惯性滑行换低档时，通常实际上不是执行每个基于速度能够执行的变速器换低档。为在较低变速器档位情况下，不让所述高发动机阻力矩作用在汽车上，在这种变速器情况下，仅在达到事先规定的汽车-临界速度之前执行惯性滑行换低档。在低于该临界速度时，最后挂入的(较高)档位保持不变，并在该档在离合器闭合的情况下继续降低行驶速度。
然后在达到发动机的怠速转速情况下，打开离合器，以防止发动机熄火。在此汽车以高的挂入档位以及打开的离合器一直靠惯性滑行到停止，并随后挂入合适的起步档位。
但当汽车没有停下，因为例如红绿灯突然变成绿灯，则在随后操作发动机功率调整元件的情况下，则从还是挂着的高变速器档位换到基于速度允许继续行驶的更低的变速器档位。
这种操作自动变速器的方法具有缺点，即直到当前档位脱开、新档位挂入、离合器闭合并且汽车以希望的汽车加速度响应的持续时间较长。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是建议一种用于控制自动变速器的方法，通过该方法，在惯性滑动换低档情况下在变速器内始终挂入合适的变速器档位以立即开始继续行驶，而不必忍受在低行驶速度并且低变速器档位时高的变速器传动比情况下发动机制动力矩高的缺点。
本发明提供了一种用于操作汽车中的自动变速器的方法，其中在惯性阶段期间，在达到预定的临界速度之前，在变速器内执行换低档，并在挂入新的档位之后在汽车发动机和变速器之间布置的离合器闭合，其特征在于，当在低于临界速度时继续执行换低档时，在挂入另一新的档位之后，所述离合器保持打开。
具体实施方式
相应地，本发明以用于操作汽车中的自动变速器的方法为出发点，其中在达到预定临界速度之前的惯性滑行阶段，在变速器内执行换低档并通过使离合器闭合结束换低档。与此相反，在低于该临界速度时，以打开的离合器结束换低档，从而根据行驶速度和/或根据行驶状态，在任何时候都挂入能在最短时间内以正起步扭矩继续行驶的变速器档位。此外，在低于所述临界速度换低档情况下，打开的离合器还保证尽管挂入低的变速器档位，但发动机，例如内燃机也不产生制动力矩。
所述临界速度是汽车特定的参数，主要取决于各个变速档位的传动比。
相应地，即在惯性滑行时，与现有技术不同，在低于所述临界速度时还继续执行换低档。但在该所谓的舒适性换低档情况下，在挂入新的档位之后，离合器不是重新闭合，而是保持打开。由此有利地不会出现从现有技术中已知的过大的发动机制动作用的负面影响。在此传动比间隔最好根据汽车减速度选择，汽车的减速度例如通过测量变速器输出轴转速的变化确定。
如果驾驶员想继续行驶，并且通过使汽车功率调整元件偏转来向变速器控制器发出要求正起步扭矩的信号，则离合器立即闭合。因为已经挂入基于速度的正确变速器档位，所以驾驶员就会无明显时间延迟地感觉到希望的汽车加速。
为避免不必要的并且使变速器部件和离合器磨损增大的换低档，根据本发明的优选设计方案，只有当继续行驶并且从而驾驶员要求正起步扭矩的愿望，对于预定的一段时间被认为是比较真实的时候，才在低于所述临界速度时执行该换低档。
在该方法的设计方案中，为确定驾驶员要求正起步扭矩的愿望的真实性，使用了特别的指示器。
一个这种指示器可例如是表示操作脚制动器的传感器信号。一旦驾驶员操作脚制动器，则不引起舒适性换低档。直到驾驶员松开脚制动器，即松开汽车的制动器踏板，才在离合器一直打开的情况下执行所述的舒适性换低档。
监测制动器操作特别适合于此，因为在正常情况下，驾驶员把脚从制动踏板上移开以操作功率调整元件。因此，在靠近变红的红绿灯的情况下，驾驶员通过操作制动踏板使汽车减速，在变绿灯情况下松开脚制动器，以继续行驶。
如果驾驶员随后操作功率调整元件，那么此时根据行驶速度和/或行驶状态已经挂上了正确的变速器档位，以或者从停车开始起步或者在较低速度情况下继续行驶。因此在操作功率调整元件情况下，离合器闭合并且能够立即继续行驶。
根据本发明的两个其它方案，作为用于确定驾驶员要求正起步扭矩的愿望并从而结束惯性滑行阶段的指示器，还使用了表示转向灯操作杆偏转和/或汽车转向的转向角超过预定转向角的信号。
了解本发明的技术人员容易理解，结合汽车减速的较大转向角明显表示在结束拐弯过程之后，迅速继续行驶的驾驶员愿望。
在这方面，因为公知的是当汽车减速以在马路牙子附近停车时，也使转向灯操作杆偏转，所以对转向灯操作杆位置的测量虽然不太有说服力但仍是可取的。
但在分析关于其起步扭矩愿望的驾驶员行为时，通过共同使用两个或多个所述或者其它的指示器可明显提高精度。
在使用确定驾驶员要求正起步扭矩的愿望的指示器的情况下，特别有利的是，由此在惯性滑行换低档情况下，明显降低换档频率以使磨损最小。
改善自动变速器运行的另一个方案在于，只要该变速器档位还允许继续行驶，就始终在离合器打开情况下，在惯性滑动阶段终止时完成挂入自动变速器的起步档。
对于了解本发明的技术人员来说很明显，所述控制方法最好作为软件存储在变速器控制器内。为此，如上所述，该变速器控制器通过控制线路与操作离合器并选择的挂入变速器档位的致动器连接。此外，变速器控制器在信号技术上与传感器连接，用传感器可确定变速器输入转速，变速器输出转速，脚制动器、功率调整元件和转向灯操纵杆的操作以及汽车的转向角。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于操作汽车中的自动变速器的方法，其中在惯性阶段期间，在达到预定的临界速度之前，在变速器内执行换低档，并在挂入新的档位之后在汽车发动机和变速器之间布置的离合器闭合，
其特征在于，当在低于临界速度时继续执行换低档时，在挂入另一新的档位之后，所述离合器保持打开。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，在低于所述临界速度时，当驾驶员很快要求正起步扭矩即希望继续行驶的可能性较大时，才执行换低档。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中，借助指示器确定对正起步扭矩的要求。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中，作为对正起步扭矩的要求的指示器，使用了脚制动器的松开、转向灯操纵杆的偏转以及汽车转向的偏转角。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中，通过测量的偏转角超过预定的偏转角，确定存在驾驶员对正起步扭矩的要求。
6.根据权利要求3-5中的任一项的方法，其中，为确定驾驶员对正扭矩要求的真实性，一起使用两个或多个上述指示器。
7.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项的方法，其中，当踩下脚制动器时，不执行惯性滑行换低档。
8.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项的方法，其中，直到操作汽车的功率调整元件时，才使离合器闭合以结束惯性滑行。
9.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项的方法，其中，在惯性滑动阶段终止时，始终在离合器打开的情况下完成挂入自动变速器的起步档。
10.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项的方法，其中，在惯性滑行阶段，在变速器换低档情况下，根据汽车减速度选择传动比间隔。
11.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项的方法，其中，用该方法控制电控机械自动变速器。
CN2004800222919A 2003-07-31 2004-07-06 用于操作汽车自动变速器的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1833127B (zh)

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