CN1806489A - Cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia - Google Patents
Cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for cultivating Chinese herbal medicine, which in detail for stalk-obvolvent gutweed, comprising: (1) treating before sowing: immersing seed in warm water with original temperature being 40-45 Deg. C, getting out of seed two hours later and removing water; (2) preparing producing field: choosing flat field of sandy loam soil without water or upland, dressing farm manure for 3000 kg per mu, deep plowing for 25 cm, making furrow with width being 1.2 cm; (3) sowing time: from the last ten-day period of July to the middle ten day of August; (4) sowing method: drill seeding or broadcast sowing; (5) managing sprout: watering, thinning, preventing insects, additional dressing; the collecting time is in middle and last ten-day of July, banding together for drying and storing when water content is reduced to 13-15%. The invention is characterized by the high productivity and quality, and safe, effective and controllable its preparation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technology, i.e. cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia.
Background technology
In prior art, version first volume record " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " in April, 2004: irexis sonchifolia (Ixerissonchifolia Hance) (claiming sowthistle-leaf ixeris seedling again) is the composite family herbaceos perennial, all herbal medicine.Herb contains flavonoids, have analgesia, calm conciliate the smooth muscle spasm effect, also clearing heat and detoxicating, the cool blood of tool, invigorate blood circulation, arrange dense effect, and the certain antiinflammation of tool.
Irexis sonchifolia is a herbaceos perennial, and phytomorph is a perennial herb, and plant height 70-80cm, Gao Zheke cross about 100cm, and the thick 0.3-0.5cm of stem, branch are 0.1-0.3cm.
" Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection " is the medicine of selling on the market, is listed as " national drug standards (trying) ", and Tonghua Baishan Pharmaceutical Ltd produces, and lot number is the accurate word Z20025450 of traditional Chinese medicines.It is made up of irexis sonchifolia single medicinal material.This parenteral solution has treatment coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, the definite curative effect of diseases such as cerebral infarction, retinopathy, and safety is good, has favorable economic benefit and social benefit.
In the reality, this Chinese material medicine resource of irexis sonchifolia mostly is wild, yields poorly, and does not satisfy the demand of output and quality.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of artificial cultivation to guarantee the cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia of output and quality at above-mentioned deficiency.
Technical solution of the present invention is: irexis sonchifolia forms from being seeded into new seed, needs 1-2, blossoms and bears fruit the florescence 6-7 month, the fruit phase 7-8 month after 2 years.Irexis sonchifolia grows and can be divided into following fertility vegetative period: growth of seedling phase, sale at reduced prices phase, resting stage, period of seedling establishment, bolting shooting stage, the flowering stage of buddingging, productive phase, tangerine wither the phase.
The growth of seedling phase: period occurs to 5 true leaves from cotyledon is unearthed.Behind the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, need not dormancy can sow, just can emerge in 2-3 days under the suitable condition of temperature and soil moisture, the back that comes up just can grow rough leaf in 3-5 days, just 5～6 true leaves was arranged in 25-30 days, and be the seedling phase this period.
The sale at reduced prices phase: when seedling grows 5-6 sheet leaf, blade generally can reach 6-8cm, wide 1.5～2.5cm, the long 5cm of main root is above and fibrous root is arranged, and at this moment absorbing capacity is strengthened, leaf growth is accelerated, and the Pottery aerial growth of crawling, be 12-15 sheet leaf until the frost in autumn Shi Kechang that comes, because temperature is low after autumn, blade all is aubergine, and be the sale at reduced prices phase this period.
Resting stage: in the sale at reduced prices later stage, blade can reach the 12-15 sheet, enters resting stage owing to the frost acrial part is withered gradually.Resting stage only otherwise suffer the serious winter early, even but do not add yet safe overwintering of any covering.
Period of seedling establishment: next year the beginning of April, the irexis sonchifolia radical bud that enters resting stage begins to sprout, the blade that newly bears is the aubergine aerial growth of still crawling.
The bolting shooting stage: newborn blade is more sturdy than the autumn.Because ground temperature rise, the absorbing capacity of root and the photosynthesis of blade are all significantly strengthened, during to the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, most of irexis sonchifolia begins the bolting jointing, and when buddingging, the stem height generally reaches 60-80cm, and how single stem is also branch.Stem leaf is less, is the pinniform oval, long 2.5-6cm, and wide 0.7-1.5cm, the anxious point in top, base portion ear shape or halberd shape are embraced stem, full edge or pinnation.
Budding flowering stage: after the June, temperature increases, and rainwater also increases, and plant strain growth is significantly accelerated, and begins to occur bud the last ten-days period in June, and at this moment plant height can reach 70-80cm, and branch also increases, and is generally 10-20.The first stem item of order of buddingging of irexis sonchifolia is also buddingged successively with the posterior division end, and from buddingging to blooming about 7-10 days, this period is for buddingging flowering stage.
Productive phase: refer to that Xiao Hua withers to fruit maturation.The irexis sonchifolia of life in 2 years is at the beginning of annual 7 months-be the period of blossoming and bearing fruit mid-August, and from blooming by fruit maturation 7-10 days, productive phase,, usually because of poor pollination, ripening rate also can significantly reduce as overcast and rainy low temperature or arid.Natural cracking is umbrella behind the fruit maturation, and seed follows cracking of fruit to shed with the wind.
Withering period: the plant of seed collecting will be gathered when fruit maturation, ripe limit, limit to adopt.Also usually owing to gather untimelyly, seed lands naturally in the production, soon the also seedling that makes new advances of president.Plant strain to period first frost, because weather turns cold, photosynthesis dies down, and blade begins flavescence and withered gradually, is called withering period this period.
According to above-mentioned research, determine that cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia is as follows:
(1) seed presowing treatment: prior to seeding seed is immersed in initial temperature and is in 40 ℃-45 ℃ the warm water, control water purification again through pulling seed out after 2 hours;
(2) preparation of production land used: be chosen in smooth no ponding sandy loam soil or hillside, apply the every mu of 3000kg of farmyard manure that ferments earlier, plough deeply ground 25cm, make the flat furrow of wide 1.2m;
(3) sowing:
A, sowing time: late July-mid-August;
B, type of seeding: a kind of is drilling, opens the shallow ridges of 1-2cm on whole good furrow by the line-spacing of 15cm, waters the water of revealing the exact details, treat that water oozes after, by the seeding quantity of every linear meter(lin.m.) 2.0g seed is sprinkled in the ditch, spread the thick fine earth of 0.5cm again and cover; Or adopt and broadcast sowing, the seeding quantity by every mu of 1.0kg evenly is sprinkling upon seed on the bed surface, goes up the thick fine earth of 0.5cm more again;
(4) seedling management:
A, water: after planting, protect bed surface moistening all the time, the mode of watering can adopt furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation;
B, thinning: when seedling grows 2-3 sheet true leaf, remove some overstocked seedlings between can be suitably, begin sale at reduced prices later on, go the seedling of some overstocked growths between once more when seedling grows 5 true leaves;
C, final singling: after turning green next year, want timely final singling before bolting, pull out seedling, weak seedling and sick seedling, stay healthy and strong plant, every square metre of survival rate of seedlings 100 strains get final product;
The control of d, insect pest: insect mainly is mole cricket and striped flea-beetle, the control of mole cricket: with wheat bran and soya-bean cake 25kg, after stir-fry perfume (or spice) dries in the air, 2.5% chlorophos 0.5kg is gone in dry mixing, add entry 7.5kg again, the mole cricket hole that stirs and be sprinkling upon bed surface, every mu is used poison bait 3-4kg; The control of striped flea-beetle: when finding the spot symptom to occur on the blade, spray ground area seedling, sprayed once every seven days with 1000～1500 times of liquid of 90% wettable enemy's face worm pulvis;
E, topdress: chase after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after the final singling, every mu of 35-40kg;
(5) gather:
A, collecting time are the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, and irexis sonchifolia is bloomed the Sheng phase, are chosen in no rain fine day and gather and be advisable, and harvesting position rhizome lashes after gathering and props up an airing together apart from ground 4-5cm place, when water content is reduced to 13-15%, can preserve;
B, the irexis sonchifolia dry product after will selecting carry out drying, packaging and warehousing again after the drying.
According to actual conditions, after turning green next year, also want timely uprooting weed in conjunction with final singling; Water before blooming buddingging, sprinkling method will adopt furrow irrigation, with good conditionsily also can spray; Be after mid or late July, dug the timely draining in drain ditch, prevent waterlogging.
Irexis sonchifolia is to the requirement of environmental condition: irexis sonchifolia is a sun plant, soil is required not tight, also can grow in the thin soil of ridge.Mainly be grown under hillside, roadside, wild grass ground, river bank and the sparse woods, between the height above sea level 150-900m.1, temperature: irexis sonchifolia is the happiness warm and humid climate, has stronger cold resistance and drought resistance.Require 3.5-5.5 ℃ of year-round average temperature, annual frost-free season is 110-150 days, 〉=10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature 2000-3000 ℃.2, moisture: irexis sonchifolia requires rainwater even vegetative period.Cross the drought of waterloging and all be unfavorable for plant strain growth, therefore low-lying ponding plot should not be planted.3, soil: irexis sonchifolia requires not tight to soil, is advisable but, the deep loose sandy loam of soil layer good with draining carries training, and the too sticking important place of soil property piece should not be planted.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, the irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation can satisfy the demand of kind raw medicinal materials such as its preparation Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection, improve quality of medicinal material, it is big to overcome existing quality of medicinal material difference, the unequal Chinese medicine of effective component content is produced insoluble problem, guarantees the safe, effective, controlled of its preparation.2, prove that first this wild plant of irexis sonchifolia can artificial cultivation, finished the kind selection, seed collection, seed presowing treatment, sowing, field management in seedling stage, the field management in growth later stage, gather, Study on Technology such as processing, management science, technology puts in place, has solved irexis sonchifolia traditional Chinese medicine sustainable use problem.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia:
(1) kind is selected: irexis sonchifolia is wild, and the artificial cultivation time is not long, develops medicinal kind and is irexis sonchifolia.
(2) seed collection: at the beginning of 7 months-select mid-August pure, the no damage by disease and insect of plant, healthy and strong plant to gather, adopt along with the ripe limit, ripe limit of fruit.Because kernel maturing is inconsistent, the seed that can be gathered every day is put into the clear water stirring and removed floating thing, pulls the full seed that sinks to the end out, and is after drying in the shade, standby in the cloth bag of packing into.
(3) seed presowing treatment: prior to seeding seed is immersed in initial temperature and is in 43 ℃ the warm water, the water yield of seed soaking is at least 20 times of seed, and stirs with wooden stick, control water purification again through pulling seed out after 2 hours, admix the vegetation matter of sieving, ratio is 3: 1, can sow.
(4) preparation of production land used: be chosen in smooth no ponding sandy loam soil or hillside, apply fully every mu of 3000kg of farmyard manure that become thoroughly decomposed (fermentation) reaches nuisancelessization standard earlier, plough deeply 25cm three times, make the flat furrow of wide 1.2m.
(5) sowing
1, the sowing time: late July-mid-August.
2, type of seeding
2.1 drilling: on whole good furrow, open earlier the shallow ridges of 1-2cm, water the water of revealing the exact details again by the line-spacing of 15cm with hoe, treat that water oozes after, by the seeding quantity of every linear meter(lin.m.) 2.0g seed is sprinkled in the ditch, spread the thick fine earth of 0.5cm again and cover.
2.2 broadcast sowing: on the ridge-up bed that has spread, hug flatly with rake,, seed is evenly spread on the bed surface, go up the thick fine earth of 0.5cm more again by the seeding quantity of every mu of 1kg.
(6) seedling management
6.1 water: after planting, protect bed surface moistening all the time, after the week, emergence rate can reach more than 70%.The back discovery bed surface on daytime of emerging is done, and be that moisture state can not water second day morning.When morning, bed surface remained dry ground, will water of teeming, the mode of watering can adopt furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, can not flood irrigation.
6.2 thinning: when seedling grows 2-3 sheet true leaf because thickness of sowing is inhomogeneous, can be suitably between except that some overstocked seedlings.Begin sale at reduced prices later on when seedling grows 5 true leaves, go the seedling of some overstocked growths between at this moment can be once more.
6.3 weeding: after planting weeds in field and Miao Tongchang, make the best use of time, see that grass just pulls out.
Generally can in time carry out weeding and uprooting weed in conjunction with thinning, final singling.
6.4 final singling: after turning green next year, growth of seedling is accelerated, and wants timely final singling before bolting.The principle of final singling is to pull out seedling, weak seedling and sick seedling, stays healthy and strong plant, and every square metre of survival rate of seedlings 100 strains get final product.
6.5 the control of insect pest: the main insect pest of harm irexis sonchifolia is mole cricket and striped flea-beetle.Harm period mainly is in seedling phase and sale at reduced prices phase.Its mainly the method for preventing and treating be:
6.5.1 the control of mole cricket: with wheat bran and soya-bean cake 25kg, after stir-fry perfume (or spice) dried in the air, 2.5% chlorophos 0.5kg was gone in dry mixing, adds entry 7.5kg again, the mole cricket hole that stirs and be sprinkling upon bed surface, and every mu is used poison bait 3-4kg, can play fine control efficiency.
6.5.2 the control of striped flea-beetle: irexis sonchifolia growth of seedling phase, as when finding to occur the spot symptom on the blade, spray ground area seedling with 1000-1500 times of liquid of 90% wettable enemy face worm pulvis, sprayed once, the continuous order ground that just can reach effective control for 3 times every seven days.
7, the field management in growth later stage
7.1 topdress: grow up healthy and sound in order to promote plant, can chase after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after the final singling one time, every mu of 35-40kg helps bolting and blossoms and bears fruit.
7.2 weeding: after turning green next year, can be in conjunction with the timely uprooting weed of final singling, herbicidal methods can adopt the spud shovel and manually pull out, and gently shovel gently and pull out, and does not injure plant.
7.3 water: since spring arid how, growing after influencing irexis sonchifolia and turning green.To in time water when therefore, meeting arid.Watering time carries out before blooming buddingging.Sprinkling method will adopt furrow irrigation, with good conditionsily also can spray, and must guard against can not flood irrigation.The number of times that waters will be decided according to weather and soil moisture content.
7.4 draining: after mid or late July, rainwater is more to be concentrated again, dig the timely draining in drain ditch and prevent waterlogging.
(7) gather
1, collecting time: bloom Sheng phase on the occasion of irexis sonchifolia the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, is chosen in no rain fine day and gathers and be advisable.
2, collecting method: generally with the reaping hook harvesting, harvesting position rhizome is advisable apart from ground 4～5cm place.
3, processing
3.1 airing: be chosen in clean free of contamination place after gathering, irexis sonchifolia is broken into wisp, per four wisps prop up airing together.In the airing process, to often stir, help ventilation and penetrating light.Overcast and rainy will in time the covering with film prevents that rain from watering the back and going rotten.When water content reduces to 13～15%, can be transported to the interim storage of herbal medicine storehouse.
3.2 clean: irexis sonchifolia is carried out hand picking again, go out the cauline leaf and the foreign matters such as weeds, rubble of moldy metamorphism clearly.
3.3 dry: the irexis sonchifolia dry product input band drier after will selecting carries out drying once more, packaging and warehousing again after the drying.
4, packing: every on request 25kg ties up in a bundle with dried irexis sonchifolia, and with polyethylene compile packed seal mouth well after, indicate the time, stick the storage of qualified label warehouse-in.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia is characterized in that:
(1) seed presowing treatment: prior to seeding seed is immersed in initial temperature and is in 40 ℃-45 ℃ the warm water, control water purification again through pulling seed out after 2 hours;
(2) preparation of production land used: be chosen in smooth no ponding sandy loam soil or hillside, apply the every mu of 3000kg of farmyard manure that ferments earlier, plough deeply ground 25cm, make the flat furrow of wide 1.2m;
(3) sowing:
A, sowing time: late July-mid-August;
B, type of seeding: a kind of is drilling, opens the shallow ridges of 1-2cm on whole good furrow by the line-spacing of 15cm, waters the water of revealing the exact details, treat that water oozes after, by the seeding quantity of every linear meter(lin.m.) 2.0g seed is sprinkled in the ditch, spread the thick fine earth of 0.5cm again and cover; Or adopt and broadcast sowing, the seeding quantity by every mu of 1.0kg evenly is sprinkling upon seed on the bed surface, goes up the thick fine earth of 0.5cm more again;
(4) seedling management:
A, water: after planting, protect bed surface moistening all the time, the mode of watering can adopt furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation;
B, thinning: when seedling grows 2-3 sheet true leaf, remove some overstocked seedlings between can be suitably, begin sale at reduced prices later on, go the seedling of some overstocked growths between once more when seedling grows 5 true leaves;
C, final singling: after turning green next year, want timely final singling before bolting, pull out seedling, weak seedling and sick seedling, stay healthy and strong plant, every square metre of survival rate of seedlings 100 strains get final product;
The control of d, insect pest: insect mainly is mole cricket and striped flea-beetle, the control of mole cricket: with wheat bran and soya-bean cake 25kg, after stir-fry perfume (or spice) dries in the air, 2.5% chlorophos 0.5kg is gone in dry mixing, add entry 7.5kg again, the mole cricket hole that stirs and be sprinkling upon bed surface, every mu is used poison bait 3-4kg; The control of striped flea-beetle: when finding the spot symptom to occur on the blade, spray ground area seedling, sprayed once every seven days with 1000～1500 times of liquid of 90% wettable enemy's face worm pulvis;
E, topdress: chase after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after the final singling, every mu of 35-40kg;
(5) gather:
A, collecting time are the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, and irexis sonchifolia is bloomed the Sheng phase, are chosen in no rain fine day and gather and be advisable, and harvesting position rhizome lashes after gathering and props up an airing together apart from ground 4-5cm place, when water content is reduced to 13-15%, can preserve;
B, the irexis sonchifolia dry product after will selecting carry out drying, packaging and warehousing again after the drying.
2, according to the described cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia of claim 1, after it is characterized in that turning green next year, in conjunction with the timely uprooting weed of final singling.
3, according to the described cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia of claim 1, it is characterized in that watering before blooming buddingging, sprinkling method will adopt furrow irrigation, with good conditionsily also can spray.
4, according to the described cultivation technique of ixeris sonchifolia of claim 1, it is characterized in that after mid or late July, dig the timely draining in drain ditch, prevent waterlogging.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102498884A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 沈阳双鼎科技有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for improving content of active ingredients in medicinal materials for sowthistle-leaf ixeris injection |
| CN104137726A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-12 | 句容市旺华大棚蔬菜专业合作社 | Interplanting method of endives and broccoli |
| CN113615510A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-09 | 沈阳大学 | Method for planting anti-season red Ixeris denticulata |
-
2006
- 2006-01-20 CN CNB2006100165531A patent/CN100364378C/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102498884A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 沈阳双鼎科技有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for improving content of active ingredients in medicinal materials for sowthistle-leaf ixeris injection |
| CN102498884B (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2014-02-19 | 沈阳双鼎制药有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for improving content of active ingredients in medicinal materials for sowthistle-leaf ixeris injection |
| CN104137726A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-12 | 句容市旺华大棚蔬菜专业合作社 | Interplanting method of endives and broccoli |
| CN113615510A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-09 | 沈阳大学 | Method for planting anti-season red Ixeris denticulata |
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