CN1723177A - 使用漂白的纤维素纤维的纤维水泥复合材料 - Google Patents
使用漂白的纤维素纤维的纤维水泥复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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Abstract
本发明提供了纤维水泥复合材料,其加入漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维混合物,以作为优质级纤维素浆的部分或全部替代物。漂白的、标准级的纤维素纤维被与未漂白的、标准级的纤维素纤维联合使用,以提供纤维水泥复合产品,其韧性和强度实质上等于或甚至优于用优质级的、未漂白的纤维素纤维增强的等同纤维水泥复合材料。漂白的和未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维的增效并用,生产出具有具有期望的性能的复合材料,该期望的性能以前只能通过使用优质级纤维素浆才能达到。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上来说涉及纤维增强的复合材料,更特别地,涉及使用漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维的混合物作为增强纤维的纤维水泥建筑材料,包括配方、生产方法和最终产品。
背景技术
纤维增强的复合材料已经被用于形成多种建筑产品,比如建筑钢板、面板、厚板材和屋顶材料。用于这些建筑产品中的增强纤维通常包括天然纤维和合成纤维,如金属纤维、玻璃纤维、石棉纤维和纤维素纤维,如澳大利亚专利第515151号和美国专利第6,030,447号中所述的,该两项专利的全部内容以参考方式并入本文。因为纤维素纤维是有效的、低成本并可回收利用的天然产品,其可以和大多数传统的纤维水泥生产工艺如精练和高压处理相兼容,所以目前,它在大多数商业建筑材料应用中是优选的纤维之一。
大多数纤维素纤维增强的建筑材料的性能特征很大程度上取决于所使用的纤维素纤维的质量和特征。特别是纤维素纤维的种类和级别对建筑材料的韧性和强度有显著的影响。例如,从辐射松(Pinus.Radiata)中得到的未漂白的、优质级纤维素纤维以提供具有较高强度的所得产品而著称,因为这些纤维通常具有较长的长度和良好的强度相关特性。相反地,从各种各样的其它常见的树种如花旗松、毒芹、云杉、白杉、南方松(southern pine)和红木中得到的未漂白的、标准级纤维素纤维通常较短和/或较弱,从而赋予产品较低的强度和韧性。
但是,优质级纤维素纤维的使用也存在一些缺陷。首先,优质级纤维素浆液的资源很大程度上限制于一种特定种类的树木。此纤维的成本也比其它级别的未漂白浆高出很多。此外,优质级浆的有限的可利用性会严重制约纤维水泥的生产操作,并最终抬高产品成本。因而,生产商通常把优质级和标准级未漂白的浆液加入到纤维水泥复合材料中,以便以最小成本提供具有足够强度和韧性的最终成品。
虽然如此,常用于纤维水泥的未漂白的标准级硫酸盐浆被认为是特级纤维素浆液,并以超出常用于纸类、挂面纸板或其它基于纤维素浆液的产品中的其它种类纤维素浆液的高额价格出售。
因此,根据上文所述,应当认识到,需要一种容易得到的、低成本的优质级纤维素纤维的替代品,用于纤维水泥复合材料生产。为了该目的,特别需要一种纤维素纤维,与用优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同复合材料相比,即使没有提高,该纤维素纤维会提供具有实质上相等强度、韧性和其它物理性能的纤维水泥复合材料。
发明概述
上述的需要可通过本发明的优选实施方案得到满足,其中,在某些实施方案中公开了在纤维水泥增强复合材料生产中,使用漂白和未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维的混合物作为优质级纤维素纤维的部分或全部替代品的新概念。
本文中使用的术语“漂白的纤维素纤维(bleached cellulose fibers)”、“漂白的纤维(bleached fibers)”和“漂白的纤维素(bleached cellulosepulp)”指用漂白剂如过氧化氢、次氯酸纳、氯气、和/或二氧化氯处理过的纤维素纤维。漂白的纤维素纤维可包含来自多种树种的浆,这些树种包括但不限于花旗松、毒芹、辐射松、白杉、云杉、南方黄松(southernyellow pine)、洋麻和红木。漂白的纤维素纤维可通过硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐或其它制浆方法制备。
本文中使用的术语“优质级纤维素纤维(premium grade cellulosefibers)”、“优质级纤维(premium grade fibers)”和“优质级纤维素浆(premium grade cellulose pulp)”指来自辐射松的纤维素纤维,根据TAPPI方法T231,其平均纤维长度大于约1.5mm,平均拉伸强度大于约12.5km。本文中使用的“标准级纤维素纤维(standard grade cellulose fibers)”、“标准级纤维(standard grade fibers)”和“标准级纤维素浆(standard gradecellulose pulp)”指来自多种常见树种如花旗松、毒芹、云杉、白杉、南方松、洋麻和红木,但不包括辐射松的纤维素纤维。术语“标准级纤维素纤维”也可用来指本领域熟知的“纤维水泥级(fiber cement grade)”纤维素纤维。
一方面,本发明的优选实施方案提供了复合材料,其包含水泥基质和加入到该水泥基质中的纤维素纤维,其中,该纤维素纤维包括漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维的混合物。在一种实施方案中,漂白的纤维素纤维占加入到该水泥基质中的纤维素纤维总量的小于约50%,优选在约5%-25%之间。在另一种实施方案中,漂白的纤维素纤维具有小于或等于约10的卡帕值。
漂白的纤维素纤维优选是从选自花旗松、毒芹、云杉、南方松和红木的种类得到的标准级纤维。在某些实施方案中,漂白的纤维素纤维也可以是从辐射松中得到的优质级纤维。未漂白的纤维素纤维优选是包括选白花旗松、毒芹、白松、云杉、南方松和红木的种类的标准级纤维。在一个实施方案中,组合的漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维加在一起占复合材料重量的约0.5%-20%。在另一个实施方案中,混合的漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维包含平均纤维长度在约1mm到3.5mm之间的标准级纤维素纤维。优选的是,由漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维混合物增强的复合材料的断裂模量(modulus of rupture,MOR)和刚度能(toughness energy)实质上等于或大于由未漂白的、优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同材料的断裂模量和刚度能(toughness energy)。
另一方面,本发明的优选实施方案提供了生产纤维-增强的水泥复合材料的方法。此方法包括,提供漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维;将漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维与水泥粘合剂混合,以形成纤维水泥混合物;使纤维水泥混合物形成预选形状和尺寸的纤维水泥物品;固化纤维水泥物品。在一个实施方案中,提供漂白的纤维素纤维的步骤包括,用漂白剂处理标准级纤维素纤维。优选地,漂白的纤维素纤维具有小于或等于约10的平均卡帕值。在另一个实施方案中,提供未漂白的纤维素纤维包括,提供未漂白的、标准级纤维素纤维。优选地,漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维以预选比例被混合,从而提供具有预先确定的物理性能的复合材料。在一个实施方案中,预选比例被设定,以提供复合材料,该复合材料的断裂模量(MOR)实质上等于或大于只用优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同复合材料的断裂模量(MOR)。
还有另一方面,本发明优选的实施方案提供了包含水泥基质和纤维素纤维混合物的复合建筑材料。优选地,纤维素纤维的混合物包含漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维,并被选择用来提供具有预设韧性和强度的建筑材料。在一个实施方案中,纤维素纤维的混合物被选择用来提供建筑材料,该建筑材料具有实质上等于或高于只用优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同建筑材料的韧性和拉伸强度的韧性和拉伸强度。在另一个实施方案中,纤维素纤维的混合物被选择用来提供建筑材料,该建筑材料的韧性和拉伸强度实质上等于或高于只用漂白的纤维素纤维增强的等同建筑材料的韧性和强度。优选地,纤维素纤维的混合物包含小于约50%的漂白的纤维素纤维,更优选约5%-25%之间的漂白的纤维素纤维。此外,纤维素纤维的混合物优选不包含优质级纤维素纤维。
还有另一方面,本发明的优选实施方案提供了复合材料,其包含水泥基质,卡帕值(Kappa number)小于或等于约10的第一部分纤维素纤维和卡帕值大于约10的第二部分标准级纤维素纤维。在一个实施方案中,第一部分纤维素纤维包含优质级纤维素纤维。在另一个实施方案中,第一部分的纤维素纤维包含小于组合的两部分纤维素纤维总重量的50%。优选地,漂白的、标准级纤维素纤维与未漂白的、标准级纤维在水泥基质中增效地组合起来,产生具有与只用优质级纤维素纤维形成的等同复合材料相比实质上相等或改善的强度和韧性的复合材料。
附图简述
图1阐释了形成用漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维的混合物增强的纤维水泥复合材料的优选方法的工艺流程;
图2阐释了纤维-水泥复合材料的断裂模量(MOR)与加入到该材料中的漂白的纤维的变化数量之间的关系;
图3阐释了纤维-水泥复合材料的张力与加入到该材料中的漂白的纤维的变化数量之间的关系;
图4阐释了纤维-水泥复合材料的刚度与加入到该材料中的漂白的纤维的变化数量之间的关系。
优选实施方案的祥述
本发明的一些优选实施方案描述了漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维混合物作为增强纤维在水泥复合材料中的应用。在一些优选实施方案中,漂白的和未漂白的纤维都是标准级纤维,其组合在一起可作为较昂贵且匮乏的优质级纤维素纤维的部分或完全替代品。这些实施方案不仅包含用漂白的和未漂白的纤维的混合物形成的复合材料,而且包含该复合材料的配方和生产方法。
漂白的纤维素纤维已经几乎专门用于造纸工业以提供白纸和纸板。人们已广泛认识到漂白工艺降解纤维的结构,并削弱其增强能力,从而使漂白的纤维不适用于纤维水泥复合材料应用。该认识已被收录在多个技术性出版物中。例如,在题为“纤维素纤维增强的结构(CELLULOSEFIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURE)”的美国专利第4,985,119号中,其指出“由于成本和纤维降解,[纤维的]此种漂白不被优选。”因此,将漂白的纤维作为增强纤维,用于纤维水泥复合材料是违反常识的,因为漂白的纤维通常被认为产生较弱和较脆的纤维水泥产品。
但是,与常识相反,申请人发现,当按合适的比例与未漂白的、标准级纤维素纤维使用时,漂白的纤维素纤维能产生这样的纤维水泥复合材料,其与由成本较高且不丰富的优质级纤维素纤维加强的等同复合材料相比,具有实质上等于或甚至更优的韧性、强度和其它物理性能。令人惊奇的发现,选择的漂白过的纤维与未漂白的标准级浆液的合适混合能给予最终成品以强度与韧性的良好的平衡。
不希望被具体的理论所束缚,申请人相信,与没有用漂白剂处理的等同纤维素纤维相比,漂白的纤维素纤维具有降低的木质素含量和纤维表面增加数量的活性位点。申请人相信这能改善纤维和水泥基质的结合,并有助于克服通常与标准级纤维素浆有关的较短纤维长度和纤维脆性。当漂白的纤维素浆按补充未漂白浆液的特性的预选数量使用时,申请人惊奇地发现,漂白的纤维素浆确实是非常有效的水泥复合材料的增强纤维。
本发明的一个实施方案提供了纤维水泥复合材料,此纤维水泥复合材料与未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维一起加入漂白的纤维素纤维,作为增强纤维。在一个实施方案中,单个纤维长度在约1mm到3.5mm之间。优选地,漂白的和未漂白的纤维被用作优质级纤维素纤维的部分或全部替代品,而优质级纤维素纤维通常用于大部分的纤维水泥复合材料中。漂白的纤维素纤维优选是用漂白剂如过氧化氢、次氯酸钠和类似物处理过的纤维,以降低纤维的木质素含量至小于或等于约10的卡帕值。在一个实施方案中,漂白的纤维能包含下述种类的标准级纤维素浆液:包括但不限于花旗松、毒芹、白松、云杉、洋麻、南方松和红木。此外,应当注意,本发明的优选实施方案并不限于使用漂白的纤维素纤维替代优质级纤维,而且包括使用所有化学处理的纤维,该化学处理的纤维具有大大降低的木质素含量和纤维表面增加数量的反应位点。不期望被理论所束缚,相信暴露的反应位点可增加基质中纤维和纤维、纤维和水泥结合的数量,并转而赋予该材料以可以与由较强的纤维取得的强度相媲美的强度。
在一个实施方案中,漂白的纤维素纤维与未漂白的、标准级浆液被组合加入到纤维水泥基质中。漂白的纤维的含量优选小于加入到基质中的总纤维素纤维的约50%,更优选在约5%-25%之间。漂白的纤维素纤维与未漂白的标准级纤维素浆液的组合可用于多种具有不同比例的水泥粘合剂、聚集体和纤维素纤维的复合材料。
本文所述的大多数实施方案可以被下配方所包括:
·约10%-80%的水泥粘合剂(在某些实施方案中,其选自高铝水泥、石灰、高磷酸盐水泥、底层成粒高炉矿碴水泥(ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement)及其混合物);
·约20%-80%的集料(在某些实施方案中,其选自硅土(groundsilica)、无定形硅石、微硅(micro silica)、地热硅(geothermal silica)、硅藻土、煤燃烧飞灰,高炉渣、粒状渣、钢渣、矿物氧化物、矿物氢氧化物、粘土、菱苦土或白云石、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、聚合物珠及其混合物);
·约0.5%-20%的纤维素纤维,其包含漂白的标准级纤维素纤维和未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维,和/或天然无机纤维,和/或合成纤维的组合,其中,漂白的纤维小于总纤维素纤维的约50%;
·约0%-80%的密度修饰剂(在某些实施方案中,其选自塑料材料、膨胀的聚苯乙烯或其它起泡的聚合物材料、玻璃和陶瓷材料、硅酸钙水合物、微球体和包含膨胀形式的珍珠岩、浮石、希兰玄武岩(shirasubasalt)、沸石的火山灰及其混合物);
·约0%-10%的添加剂(在某些实施方案中,其选自粘度修饰剂、滞火剂、防水剂、硅灰、地热硅、增厚剂、色素、着色剂、增塑剂、分散剂、成形剂、絮凝剂、助滤剂、湿干增强助剂(wet and dry strength aids)、硅树脂材料、铝粉、粘土、高岭土、氢氧化铝、云母、偏高岭土、碳酸钙、钙灰石、聚合物树脂乳液及其混合物)。
图1提供了本发明一个实施方案生产纤维水泥复合材料的工艺流程100的示意图。如图1所示,工艺100开始于步骤102,此步骤包含提供漂白的和未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维。在一个实施方案中,漂白的纤维素纤维小于漂白的和未漂白的纤维的总重量的约50%。在另一个实施方案中,步骤102包含用漂白剂处理标准级纤维素纤维,以形成卡帕值小于约10的漂白纤维。工艺100继续步骤104,此步骤包括将漂白和未漂白的纤维素纤维与水泥粘合剂和其它成分混合,以形成纤维水泥混合物。接着,在步骤106中,纤维水泥混合物被形成预选形状和尺寸的纤维水泥物品。然后在步骤108中,纤维水泥物品被固化,以形成纤维水泥增强的复合建筑材料。
将漂白的和未漂白的标准级纤维素纤维混合物掺入到纤维水泥复合基质中具有很多优势。它们优势包括:
·导致复合材料获得强度与韧性的期望的平衡,此平衡通常只有通过加入优质级纤维素纤维才能达到;
·导致复合材料利用漂白的纤维素纤维,此漂白的纤维素纤维可从多种常见的树种获得,包括但不限于花旗松、毒芹、云杉和红木;
·漂白的纤维需要较少的能量来提炼,这减少了获得的复合材料的产品成本。
实施例1
表1比较了用等同的配方制得的纤维增强水泥复合材料的机械性能,其中配方A加入了漂白的纤维素纤维和配方B加入了优质纤维素纤维。这些材料使用Hatschek机器生产,结果以从超过1周生产中收集的许多样品为基础。可以看出,包含约13%漂白的浆液的配方,当与包含约13%优质辐射松纤维的相同配方的产品相比较时,产生具有相似机械性能的产品。
表1 纤维的性能比较 | 配方 | |
平均物理性能 | C13%漂白的浆 | D13%优质辐射松 |
MOR(MPa) | 10.39 | 10.29 |
干密度(Kg/m3) | 1.25 | 1.25 |
张力(μm/m) | 12444 | 11961 |
刚度(KJ/m3) | 10.39 | 10.99 |
A和B的基础配方是:约35%波特兰水泥,约57%硅土和约8%纤维素料浆。配方A纤维素料浆的约13%是漂白的料浆,配方B纤维素料浆的约13%是辐射松。这两个配方的剩余浆液是标准级花旗松硫酸盐浆。机械性能诸如断裂模量(MOR)、张力和刚度是在潮湿条件下,通过三点弯曲法测定,依据题为“Standard Test Methods for Sampling and TestingNon-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Flat Sheet,Roofing and Siding Shingles,andClapboards.”的ASTM(美国标准测定方法)C1185-98a。
实施例2
纤维水泥复合材料的样品依据下列表2所示的配方C和D所制备。配方C加入漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维的混合物。纤维混合物包含约20%漂白的纤维和约80%的未漂白纤维。配方D是对照,其利用所有未漂白的纤维。应当理解,选择这些纤维水泥配方只是为了对照目的,多种其它配方能被使用,而不脱离本发明的范围。
根据配方C和D制成的样品的炉干密度(oven dry densities)每个约1.25g/cm3。漂白纤维是花旗松的硫酸盐浆,其透明度约为约88,通过TAPPI方法T236测定的卡帕值为0到1,平均纤维长度约2.4mm。未漂白的纤维是常规的标准级纤维素纤维,其平均纤维长度约2.6mm,卡帕值为26。通过TAPPI方法T227测量,漂白和未漂白的纤维都被精炼到约450CSF(加拿大标准自由度(Canadian Standard Freeness))。
表2:表3测试结果的配方
配方鉴定 | 水力粘合剂 | 聚集体 | 纤维 | 纤维 |
波特兰水泥 | 硅 | 漂白的纤维 | 未漂白的纤维 | |
C | 35% | 57% | 1.6% | 6.4% |
D | 35% | 57% | 0.0% | 8.0% |
下列表3提供了纤维水泥样品的各种机械和物理性能的示范性地比较,其由加入漂白与未漂白的纤维素纤维混合物的配方(配方C)制成,以及由使用常规的、未漂白的纤维素纤维的配方(配方D)制成。断裂模量(MOR)、张力和刚度是在潮湿条件下,通过三点弯曲法测定,依据题为“Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Non-AsbestosFiber-Cement Flat Sheet,Roofing and Siding Shingles,and Clapboards.”的ASTM(美国标准测定方法)C1185-98a。
表3:有和没有漂白的纤维素纤维的纤维增强水泥复合材料的性能比较
物理性能 | 配方 | |
C(有20%漂白的纤维) | D(无漂白的纤维) | |
MOR(MPa) | 11.23 | 11.09 |
干密度(Kg/m3) | 1.25 | 1.25 |
张力(μm/m) | 13491 | 14292 |
刚度(KJ/m3) | 19.26 | 20.62 |
如表3中所示,当与依照配方D,即无漂白纤维的对照配方制造的样品进行比较时,依照配方C用漂白和未漂白纤维的混合物制造的样品,其关键机械性能如断裂模量(MOR)和极限张力总体上相等或微微较高一些。本文中等同配方被定义为,其中未漂白的纤维素纤维的重量被相同重量的漂白过的纤维素纤维所替代的配方。应当认识到,这些都是示例性结果。还应当认识到,通过改变漂白纤维的比例组成,最终产品的物理和机械性能比如MOR和张力等可被改变,以满足特定的应用需要。
图2到图4阐释了纤维水泥产品的某些机械性能(MOR、张力和刚度)与纤维混合物中漂白纤维的百分比之间的关系。可以看出,漂白纤维的百分比对于纤维水泥复合材料拥有MOR、张力和刚度的平衡性能是重要的。混合物中存在过量的漂白纤维可能不利地影响某些性能。例如,当漂白纤维的比例增加时,MOR会增加,但是张力和刚度会下降。如图2到图4所示,在某些实施方案中,为确保良好的MOR以及良好的张力和刚度,漂白纤维的最大比例不应该超过纤维总量的40%。
尽管有关本发明的优选实施方案的前文叙述已经显示、描述并指出本发明的基本新颖特征,但是应该理解到,本领域技术人员可以对所述设备细节在形式上及其使用进行各种省略、取代和更改,而不脱离本发明的精神。所以,本发明的范围不应被限制在前文的讨论中,而应该由权利要求书所限定,呈现于随后提交的实用新型专利申请中。
Claims (27)
1.一种复合材料,包含:
水泥基质;和
纤维素纤维,其被加入到所述水泥基质中,其中,所述纤维素纤维包含漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维构成加入到所述基质中的总纤维素纤维的小于约50%。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维构成加入到所述基质中的总纤维素纤维的约5%-25%之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维具有小于或等于约10的平均卡帕值。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维包含选自花旗松、毒芹、云杉、南部黄松、洋麻和红木的种类的纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维包含辐射松(P.Radiata)的纤维。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述未漂白的纤维素纤维包含选自花旗松、毒芹、白杉、云杉、南部黄松、洋麻和红木的种类的纤维。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维构成复合材料重量的约0.5%-20%。
9.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维包含平均纤维长度在约1mm到3.5mm之间的纤维素纤维。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述复合材料的断裂模量(MOR)实质上等于或大于用未漂白的、优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同复合材料的MOR。
11.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中,所述复合材料的刚度能实质上等于或大于用未漂白的、优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同复合材料的刚度能。
12.一种生产纤维增强的水泥复合材料的方法,其包括:
提供漂白的纤维素纤维和未漂白的纤维素纤维;
将所述漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维与水泥粘合剂混合,以形成纤维水泥混合物;
使所述纤维水泥混合物形成具有预选形状和尺寸的纤维水泥物品;和
固化所述纤维水泥物品。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,提供所述漂白的纤维素纤维包含用漂白剂处理纤维素纤维。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维被用所述漂白剂处理,导致小于或等于约10的平均卡帕值。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,提供所述未漂白的纤维素纤维包含提供未漂白的、标准级的纤维素纤维。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,混合漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维,包含以预选比例混合所述纤维素纤维,从而提供具有预先设定的物理性能的复合材料。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述预选比例的漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维提供所述复合材料,所述复合材料的断裂模量(MOR)实质上等于或大于只用优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同复合材料的MOR。
18.一种复合建筑材料,包含:
水泥基质;和
包含漂白的和未漂白的纤维素纤维的纤维素纤维混合物,其中,所述纤维素纤维混合物被选择用来提供具有预定韧性和强度的所述建筑材料。
19.如权利要求18所述的建筑材料,其中,所述纤维素纤维的混合物被选择用来提供所述建筑材料,所述建筑材料的韧性和强度实质上等于或优于只用优质级纤维素纤维增强的等同建筑材料的韧性和拉伸强度。
20.如权利要求18所述的建筑材料,其中,所述纤维素纤维的混合物被选择用来提供所述建筑材料,所述建筑材料的韧性和强度实质上等于或优于只用漂白的纤维素纤维增强的等同建筑材料的韧性和拉伸强度。
21.如权利要求18所述的建筑材料,其中,所述纤维素纤维的混合物包含小于约50%的漂白的纤维素纤维。
22.如权利要求18所述的建筑材料,其中,所述纤维素纤维的混合物不包含优质级纤维素纤维。
23.如权利要求21所述的建筑材料,其中,所述纤维素纤维的混合物包含约5%-25%的漂白的纤维素纤维。
24.如权利要求18所述的建筑材料,其中,所述漂白的纤维素纤维具有小于约10的卡帕值。
25.一种复合材料,包含:
水泥基质;
第一部分的纤维素纤维,其具有小于或等于约10的卡帕值;
第二部分的标准级纤维素纤维,其具有大于约10的卡帕值。
26.如权利要求25所述的复合材料,其中,所述第一部分的纤维素纤维包含优质级纤维素纤维。
27.如权利要求25所述的复合材料,其中,所述第一部分的纤维素纤维构成组合的两部分纤维素纤维总重量的少于约50%。
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- 2004-01-07 EP EP04700639.0A patent/EP1587767B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2004-01-07 US US10/753,089 patent/US7942964B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-07 JP JP2006500824A patent/JP2006518323A/ja active Pending
- 2004-01-07 PL PL37889904A patent/PL378899A1/pl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-01-07 WO PCT/US2004/000313 patent/WO2004063113A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-01-07 AU AU2004204092A patent/AU2004204092B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-01-07 CL CL2004000021A patent/CL2004000021A1/es unknown
- 2004-01-07 KR KR1020057012725A patent/KR20050097934A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-01-07 CN CNB200480002032XA patent/CN100402455C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-07 NZ NZ541250A patent/NZ541250A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-08-08 NO NO20053770A patent/NO20053770L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-04-07 US US13/066,163 patent/US8333836B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102712103A (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2012-10-03 | E·喀硕吉工业有限责任公司 | 具有类似石材的特性的挤压成型的纤维增强水泥制品以及制造该制品的方法 |
CN106852161A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-06-13 | 新日铁住金工程技术株式会社 | 缆线和缆线的制造方法 |
CN105174768A (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-23 | 南京林业大学 | 一种纳米纤维素纤维增强水泥基材料 |
CN105174768B (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-06-20 | 南京林业大学 | 一种纳米纤维素纤维增强水泥基材料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2004204092B2 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
NZ541250A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
US20040168615A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
CL2004000021A1 (es) | 2005-02-18 |
KR20050097934A (ko) | 2005-10-10 |
AU2004204092A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
PL378899A1 (pl) | 2006-05-29 |
US7942964B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
WO2004063113A2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
CN100402455C (zh) | 2008-07-16 |
EP1587767B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
NO20053770L (no) | 2005-08-08 |
JP2006518323A (ja) | 2006-08-10 |
US20110248421A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
RU2005124843A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
WO2004063113A3 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
EP1587767A2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
US8333836B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
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