CN1678204A - 钙吸收增强剂 - Google Patents
钙吸收增强剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1678204A CN1678204A CNA03821007XA CN03821007A CN1678204A CN 1678204 A CN1678204 A CN 1678204A CN A03821007X A CNA03821007X A CN A03821007XA CN 03821007 A CN03821007 A CN 03821007A CN 1678204 A CN1678204 A CN 1678204A
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- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- absorption enhancer
- calcium absorption
- preferred
- egg white
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Abstract
本发明涉及钙吸收增强剂,其包含作为活性成分的钙和至少一种选自蛋清、蛋清蛋白及异黄酮的组分,同时本发明涉及含有该钙吸收增强剂的可口服摄取的组合物,以及其用于不同目的如减肥或增加灵活性的用途。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及食物产品中蛋清和钙的组合用途,以及包含蛋清和钙的组合的食物产品。
发明背景
不仅对于骨骼健康而言,而且对于预防高血压和结肠癌来说,膳食性钙(Ca)摄入的重要性正越来越多地为人所认识。在一些工业化国家,钙摄入不仅常常不足,而且还在减少,这主要是因为乳以及其他乳制品消费量正在降低。与此同时,骨质疏松症的发生率正在上升,该病的特征为骨量(BMD)减少以及骨组织显微结构的退化,结果导致骨折危险增加(Barclay,2001年)。
在骨骼生长和成熟过程中,即在人类中直至二十多岁早期,钙在骨骼中以平均150mg/天的速度积聚,直至达到峰值骨量。在成熟期间,机体——以及由此骨骼——差不多处于钙平衡状态。男性中从50岁以后,女性中从绝经以后,骨平衡便变为负性,在各个骨骼部位均存在骨丧失。由于在绝经早期骨丧失更快且骨量峰值更低,因此与男性相比,女性的骨折风险增加。
结果,公共卫生部门高度关注去发掘使人们达到高峰值骨量的方案。同时,公共卫生部门也高度关注使那些已达到其峰值骨量的人群在整个一生中均维持其峰值骨量并使骨量随年龄丧失的危险最小化,尤其是在绝经后女性中。
从膳食中摄入足够的钙对于获得最佳峰值骨量以及降低与老龄化相关的骨丧失速度而言非常关键(Flynn & Cashman,1999年)。对于西方国家的大部分人口来说,乳和乳制品是钙的最重要膳食性来源,而谷物产品、水果和蔬菜各自所占钙摄入量的份额则小得多。不过,只有一部分与食物一起摄取的钙被机体吸收和利用以用于代谢功能。这一部分被定义为食物中钙的生物可利用部分。
钙在食物中以盐或联合其他膳食性成分以钙离子复合物形式存在。钙必须以可溶、以及可能的电离形式释放,然后其可被吸收。在肠道中,钙以两种途径被吸收——跨细胞途径和旁细胞途径。跨细胞途径涉及钙通过粘膜转运蛋白、钙结合蛋白的主动转运,该转运是饱和性的并通过维生素D受到生理和营养调节。旁细胞途径涉及通过粘膜细胞之间的缝隙连接而进行的钙被动转运,其是非饱和性的并基本独立于营养和生理调节,并且是浓度依赖性的。人体中,大部分的钙吸收发生于小肠中,不过也存在一些少量结肠钙吸收的证据。
平均而言,10%至30%的钙由健康成人从混合膳食中吸收。肠道钙吸收的效率受到许多不同生理因素的影响。在健康个体中,观察到随着年龄增加、绝经以及维生素D缺乏,钙吸收效率降低。钙吸收的效率随着维生素D过剩、钙磷缺乏以及妊娠和哺乳而增加。同时,钙吸收也受许多膳食性因素的影响。这些因素包括惯常钙摄入、膳食的钙含量、进食与不进食时的钙摄取、钙的化学形式以及胃肠道与食物中所含有的增强剂或抑制剂的相互作用。
为旨在提高钙的吸收,已作了相当大的研究努力,以确定食物中钙吸收的抑制剂和增强剂。
食物中,两种已被公认的钙吸收抑制剂为草酸盐和植酸盐。因此,富含草酸盐的蔬菜的钙生物利用度较低(例如菠菜),反之,低草酸盐蔬菜的钙吸收较高(例如羽衣甘蓝和水田芥)。钙吸收的抑制效果可以通过草酸钙极低的溶解度来解释,其使得钙在肠道中不可利用。类似地,还显示自高植酸盐大豆的钙吸收要低于自低植酸盐大豆的吸收。植酸盐的抑制效果可以通过其与钙在小肠中形成牢固复合物的能力来解释。
许多食物成分已经被建议用作潜在的钙吸收增强剂,如不可消化的低聚糖以及各种乳成分,例如乳糖和酪蛋白磷酸肽。
动物试验表明,通过向膳食中添加不可消化的低聚糖可以增强钙吸收。这些低聚糖大部分可抵抗人体消化酶,从而以原形到达结肠,并被结肠的微生物菌群酵解。由此所生成的短链脂肪酸可降低结肠的pH值,重新溶解不可溶的钙复合物,并通过结肠中的被动扩散使钙能够被利用。数项研究证实了对人体中钙吸收的增强作用,其表明,不管采用何种方法,在中等剂量时,只有在具有高钙需求的试验对象如青少年或绝经后女性中方可观察到更显著的效果。在人体中已表明可增加钙吸收的低聚糖包括低聚果糖(FOS)、低聚半乳糖(GOS)以及乳果糖(lactulose)。
通常,在人体中钙自乳和乳制品被很好地吸收。这可通过乳糖以及酪蛋白磷酸肽对钙吸收的正性作用而得到部分解释。
动物试验提供了强有力的证据,即乳糖增加钙的吸收和保持。在人类婴幼儿中,来自含有乳糖的基于大豆的幼儿配方的钙吸收要显著高于安慰剂。不过,在成人中,乳糖只在β-半乳糖苷酶缺陷的试验对象中对钙的吸收有作用,因此,目前的结论是其在健康成人人群中没有作用。
酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)于体内产生,在工业上是通过蛋白酶对乳酪蛋白的作用而制备。其已经显示具有钙结合能力,并可将钙保持于中性和碱性pH值的溶液中。动物试验表明,CPP可在骨骼发育过程中增强钙的生物利用度并于较老龄的动物中防止骨丧失。人体试验给出了稍有些矛盾的结果。尽管CPP可改善自标准膳食的钙吸收,但对含有较低和较高植酸盐的面食并未发现有作用。类似地,添加CPP增加成人自基于稻米的粥的钙吸收,但对整粒谷物还未见到有作用。这些结果可能表明,食物的基质起着重要作用,同时CPP的作用限于含有中度至低含量抑制剂如植酸盐的食物。
同样,即便脂肪在理论上也可视为增强剂,因为已知其可减慢胃肠排空。不过,使用多元回归方法,在一项中年妇女的观察试验中并未发现即使是较大差异的脂肪摄入对钙吸收分数有任何作用。
言归正传,乳中的钙通常得到很好的吸收。这可部分归功于钙结合蛋白如磷蛋白,其可在肠道中使钙保持可溶以便吸收。
通过使用热处理用糖加工蛋白质,即所谓的Maillard反应,是另一种获得具有良好钙结合性质的蛋白质的方法。
Aoki等人于1994年(《生物科学、生物技术和生物化学》,58(9)1727-1728,1994年)在一篇标题为“具有磷酸钙溶解属性的乳清蛋白和蛋清蛋白-葡萄糖6-磷酸缀合物”的文章中,通过使乳清蛋白和蛋清蛋白与6-磷酸葡萄糖反应以制备溶解磷酸钙的、可增强肠道中钙吸收的蛋白质,尝试去解决上述问题。乳清蛋白-G6P缀合物的褐色显色较蛋清蛋白-G6P缀合物快。在2%蛋白质-G6P缀合物存在下,在pH值6.7的含有30mM钙、22mM磷酸盐以及10mM柠檬酸盐的溶液中,未形成磷酸钙沉淀。不过,这些产物在动物和人体体内对钙吸收的作用尚未经证实。
不过,尽管全世界范围内的许多科研组完成了许多工作,但仍未能提出令人满意的解决钙缺陷问题的方案,仅确定了极少几种成分来提高食物中钙的生物利用度。
消费大豆膳食与许多有益作用有关,包括降低骨质疏松、心血管病、癌症的风险,还可缓解绝经症状。这些作用很大程度上归功于单独的或作为大豆蛋白分离物一部分的异黄酮。几个方面的证据、包括人体、动物以及细胞研究,均提示大豆及其蛋白质和/或异黄酮组分具有骨保护作用。日本或中国人口的人类流行病学横断面研究表明,在绝经后妇女中,尤其是在腰椎,大豆制品的摄入(估计异黄酮摄入为约30至70mg/天)与提高骨骼矿物质密度(BMD)之间存在正相关。在美洲绝经后妇女中进行的两项近期干预试验中,以80-90mg/天的剂量给予异黄酮6个月可预防腰椎的骨丧失。大豆提取物或纯异黄酮在绝经骨丧失的卵巢切除大鼠模型中显示具有骨保护作用。
大豆及其组分保护骨骼作用的机制仍尚未阐明。主要的假说是:异黄酮是起作用的组分,其以类似雌激素的方式起作用,通过改善钙平衡或直接作用于骨细胞而减轻绝经时的雌激素丧失。不过,许多动物和人体试验已经针对含有不同异黄酮水平的大豆制品或大豆蛋白质进行,几乎没有试验使用纯异黄酮进行,因此,难以将此作用明确归因于异黄酮而不是其他大豆组分如蛋白质。尽管如此,纯异黄酮确实在大鼠模型中逆转骨丧失,并且在细胞水平上,其显示弱的雌激素活性、抑制破骨细胞(骨吸收)活性、甚至显示刺激骨形成的潜能。
大豆膳食对骨的正性作用在于:在消费大豆蛋白而不是动物蛋白膳食的试验对象中保存钙。这可能是因为与动物蛋白相比,大豆蛋白具有较低的含硫氨基酸含量。源自含硫氨基酸的硫酸盐分泌增加可抑制肾小管钙的重吸收。
发明概述
我们现已发现,平行给以钙与蛋清可显著增强钙的吸收。因此,本发明涉及钙与蛋清的组合,以及含有它们的食物产品。另一方面,本发明涉及能够增强钙吸收的食物产品,以及能够减肥的食物产品。
发明详述
在本申请中,术语“食物产品”规定为包括任何可消费物品。因此,其可以为用于人类消费的产品,但是该术语也包括由动物消费的产品,例如宠物如狗、猫、兔、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠、鸟类(例如鹦鹉)、爬虫类以及鱼类(例如金鱼)。同时,该术语也包括由其他驯养动物消费的食物,如家畜,例如牛、马、猪、绵羊、山羊、水牛、骆驼等。
在本说明书的上下文中,术语“功能性成分”更具体地涉及ILSI欧洲定义,其规定:如果能够令人满意地证明可有益作用于体内一或多个靶点,以改善健康和机体状态和/或减少疾病风险的方式超越了合适营养效果的话,则该功能性食物可被认为是“功能性”的。具体而言,功能性成分是能够以受控数量添加至食物中以满足特殊生理功能、从而促进消费者健康及机体状态的营养物质。功能性成分可包括在牙科或医疗卫生、骨骼健康、帮助消化、肠道保护、缓解压力、清喉剂、呼吸清新剂等中具有活性作用的成分。
因此,我们已惊讶地发现:通过与钙一起给以蛋清或大豆异黄酮或异黄酮和蛋清的组合,可显著增强钙的吸收。尽管不希望受到理论的约束,但我们相信此现象的解释在于两个事实:第一,蛋清和异黄酮可稳定钙的乳化,防止其沉淀;第二,蛋清及其蛋白在消化过程中被转化为肽,这些肽帮助保持钙在肠道中可溶。第三个假设涉及异黄酮:
雌激素在维持钙平衡中起着重要作用,但此作用机制仍了解极少。绝经时雌激素的耗竭导致钙吸收减少、尿钙丧失增加以及随后所致的骨丧失。通过激素替代疗法、特别是联合骨化三醇可提高绝经后骨质疏松中的钙吸收。尚不清楚钙代谢的绝经改变是否是绝经后骨丧失的原因或结果。在后一种情形中,雌激素缺乏可导致骨吸收增加,并通过向钙性激素对钙代谢产生间接作用。不过,许多动物试验给出了雌激素对钙的胃肠道吸收以及肾小管重吸收的直接正性作用的证据。在肠道及肾脏中存在雌激素受体,这可解释在这些组织中维生素D受体及钙结合蛋白的雌激素调节。
大豆异黄酮为弱雌激素。其较天然雌激素雌二醇的药效弱1000倍(Markiewicz等人,1993年)。不过,在消费大豆膳食的妇女中,异黄酮的循环血浆水平较雌二醇高1000倍,并且产生生理作用。根据雌激素类推,假定结合雌激素受体(ER)的大豆异黄酮尽管对ERβ较对ERα具有更高的亲和性,也可以调节钙的胃肠道吸收及肾小管重吸收。
蛋清、特别是母鸡蛋清,含有三种主要蛋白,即卵转铁蛋白、卵类粘蛋白以及卵白蛋白。在本发明中,优选母鸡蛋清,但来自其他品种的蛋清也可以使用。例如可尤其使用鸽子、鸵鸟或鹌鹑的蛋清,因为它们约以相同比例含有同样的蛋白。
植物雌激素天然存在于许多水果、蔬菜和整粒产品中。大豆及大豆制品是异黄酮最重要的膳食来源,由于其结构与天然雌激素雌二醇-17β相似并且具有弱的雌激素作用,因此其与香豆素类(coumestan)和木酚素类被广义定义为植物雌激素(Reinli和Block,1996年;Kurzer和Xu,1997年)。在消费基于大豆膳食的亚洲人群中,大豆异黄酮的平均膳食摄入在20-40mg异黄酮/天的范围内,高位百分点消费者摄入70mg/天(大约1mg/千克体重/天)。此膳食摄入使得异黄酮的循环血浆水平处于0.5至5μM的范围内。大豆中的主要异黄酮为染料木黄酮、黄豆苷原和黄豆黄素。在大豆及非酵解食物中,异黄酮主要以糖苷(乙酰糖苷或丙二酰糖苷)形式存在。经由肠道微生物菌群、通过β-糖苷酶作用,糖苷被转化为糖苷配基的形式。
本发明的第一方面在于同时给以蛋清和钙或异黄酮和钙以增强钙的吸收。相应地,蛋清和异黄酮优选以粉末形式给予。蛋清优选含有所有蛋白或只含有主要的蛋白(例如上述的三种主要蛋白)。在一项优选的实施方案中,蛋清粉中以约与蛋清相同的比例含有蛋清中存在的所有蛋白(参见下表)。
母鸡蛋的蛋清中的主要蛋白
蛋白 | 总蛋白的% | 特性 |
卵白蛋白 | 54 | 可能的酶抑制剂和/或金属结合剂 |
卵转铁蛋白 | 12 | 铁结合剂 |
卵类粘蛋白 | 11 | 蛋白酶抑制剂 |
溶菌酶 | 3.4 | 酶:杀菌剂 |
卵粘蛋白 | 1.5 | 粘液病毒抑制剂 |
卵类粘蛋白抑制剂 | 1.5 | 蛋白酶抑制剂 |
卵糖蛋白 | 1.0 | 未知 |
核黄素结合蛋白 | 0.8 | 蛋白质结合剂 |
卵巨球蛋白 | 0.5 | 蛋白酶抑制剂 |
硫胺素结合蛋白 | 0.5 | 维生素结合剂 |
抗生物素蛋白 | 0.06 | 维生素结合剂 |
半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 | 0.05 | 蛋白酶抑制剂 |
卵球蛋白G2 | 4 | 发泡剂 |
卵球蛋白G3 | 4 | 发泡剂 |
根据本发明的此方面,钙也优选为粉末形式(钙盐)。将两种粉末一起混合,得到能够增强钙吸收的钙-蛋清粉末混合物或异黄酮-蛋清混合物。以重量计的蛋清粉/钙的比例可为4至400、优选20至60,在一项优选的实施方案中为40,并且钙/异黄酮的比例可为1.5至48、优选6至20,在一项优选的实施方案中为12。
粉末混合物可通过溶于水或者含水液体或凝胶而并入食物中使用,或者通过胶囊或其他药学形式使用。
在本发明第一方面的一种变通方式中,该粉末混合物可补充以其他营养物和组分以及上述定义的功能性成分。例如,由于维生素D已知可促进钙的吸收,因此可添加维生素D。也可添加其他维生素和矿物质,如例如维生素A、B2、B6、B12、C、E或K,以及矿物质如尤其是磷、钾、硫、钠、氯、镁、锰、铜或碘及锌。优选添加维生素D和锌。
在本发明第一方面的另一变通方式中,也可将益生素加至粉末混合物或已经添加的粉末混合物或最终产品中。适合的益生素包括低聚糖,如菊粉及其通常称为低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚木糖或淀粉低聚衍生物的水解产物。益生素可以以任何合适的形式提供。例如,益生素可以以含有益生素的植物材料的形式提供。合适的植物材料包括芦笋、洋蓟、洋葱、小麦或菊苣,或者这些植物材料的残渣。作为备选,益生素也可以以菊粉提取物提供。菊苣提取物特别适合。合适的菊粉提取物市面可购。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了包含蛋清和钙或异黄酮和钙并且能够增强钙吸收的食物产品。这种食物产品可为液体食物产品,例如果汁、乳或含乳饮料、糖浆、水、苏打、油、醋、调味汁等。其也可为凝胶产品、乳剂、片剂、固体食物产品,或者为使用或不使用液体而能够摄取的任何其他形式。固体食物产品的实例可尤其为巧克力、巧克力粉、糖果、蛋糕、饼干、华夫饼干、压块干粮、包括酸奶、奶油等的乳制品、早餐谷类食物、食用面糊(pastas)、果(菜)泥或蜜饯(compotes)。其可为脱水食物产品如脱水汤或调味汁、冷冻食物产品、罐装食物产品以及经工业生产和/或转化的更常见的任何食物产品。该食物产品特别可为膳食补充物以及膳食添加剂。
根据本发明的本方面,该食物产品含有蛋清和钙或异黄酮和钙。如果其中加入粉末混合物的食物产品已经含有蛋清或钙,如乳或乳衍生的组分,例如,则应相应地对粉末混合物中成分的量进行调整。根据存储条件及产品类型,所含粉末混合物的量应为0.5g至45g/份、优选1至30,在一项优选实施方案中为12。在食物产品中,所含蛋清/钙的比例应为4至400、优选20至60,在一项优选实施方案中为40,并且所含钙/异黄酮的比例可为1.5至48、优选6至20,在一项优选实施方案中为12。
不过,必须理解,在另一项实施方案中,如果食物产品达到比例和数量条件,尽管其中没有粉末混合物,该食物产品也能满足本发明。例如,该食物产品可为两块巧克力三明治蛋糕,其深色巧克力部分含有蛋清或蛋清蛋白,其乳巧克力部分含有钙。另一实例可给以“pick and croq”类型产品:长条形饼干可含有蛋清或蛋清蛋白,奶酪部分可含有钙。这种食物产品能够增强钙吸收。
为比较蛋清和两种乳蛋白Ca-CGMP和K-CGMP对人体中钙吸收的影响,进行了一项临床试验。在该随机化交叉试验中,20名健康年轻人服用了饮料中的每种蛋白质(10g)一次,同服清淡早餐。使用双重稳定同位素技术、通过测量给以同位素后0-24小时所收集的尿样中口服和静脉使用的钙同位素来确定自试验膳食中的钙吸收分数。自蛋清蛋白的吸收分数(31.0±1.2%)显著高于Ca-CGMP(26.8±1.2%)和K-CGMP(27.1±1.4%)。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了包含蛋清和钙或异黄酮和钙并且能够减肥的食物产品。这种食物产品可为液体食物产品,例如果汁、乳或含乳饮料、糖浆、水、苏打、油、醋、调味汁等。其也可为凝胶产品、乳剂、片剂、固体食物产品,或者为使用或不使用液体而能够摄取的任何其他形式。固体食物产品的实例可尤其为压块干粮、高蛋白产品如蛋糕、饼干或华夫饼干、包括酸奶、奶油等的乳制品、早餐谷类食物、食用面糊、果(菜)泥或蜜饯。其可为脱水食物产品如脱水汤或调味汁、冷冻食物产品、罐装食物产品以及经工业生产和/或转化的更常见的任何食物产品。该食物产品特别可为膳食补充物以及膳食添加剂。
根据本发明的本方面,该食物产品含有蛋清和钙或异黄酮和钙。如果其中将加入粉末混合物的食物产品已经含有蛋清或乳或乳衍生的组分,则应相应地对粉末混合物中成分的量进行调整。根据存储条件及产品类型,所含粉末混合物的量应为1g至30g/份。在食物产品中,所含蛋清/钙的比例应为4至400、优选40,所含钙/异黄酮的比例可为1.5至48、优选6至20,在一项优选实施方案中为12。
如本发明的第二方面,在本发明的本方面,食物并非必须含有粉末混合物,如果整个食物处于前述成分比例中的话,则其可于一部分中含有蛋清或蛋清蛋白,在另一部分中含有钙。
Zemel等人于其文章“通过膳食性钙的肥胖调节”(FASEB杂志,2000年6月,第14卷,第1133-1138页)中揭示:增加脂肪细胞细胞内的Ca2+可导致协同刺激脂肪生成及抑制脂肪分解。因此,增加膳食性钙可抑制脂肪细胞细胞内的Ca2+,从而调节能量代谢并减低肥胖风险。的确,其资料表明,对于任何给定水平的能量摄入和消费,低钙膳食有利于增加脂肪组织能量储备,但对于高钙膳食则恰好相反。因此,膳食性钙表现为调节能量利用效率,低钙膳食有利于增加能量储备效率,高钙膳食降低能量效率并相反有利于增加产热。
Davies等人于一篇标题为“钙摄入与体重”的文章中(《临床内分泌学和代谢杂志》,第85卷,12册,第4635-4638页)证实了Zemel的结果。
因此,作为本发明的一个方面的增加钙吸收可供减肥。根据本发明的此方面,我们同时给予钙和蛋清或蛋清蛋白或者钙和异黄酮,用以减肥并增加体重减轻、帮助减轻体重和/或减少机体脂肪。
通过减轻体重,人和宠物可减少其关节所受的伤害,特别是用以支持体重的踝、膝以及髋关节。同时,在身体重量减轻时,肌肉也更易于移动身躯。而且,最重要的肌肉之一心肌,也可较少地因日常运动而劳损。所有这些效果均对灵活性起作用:通常,胖人及肥胖的宠物均不太灵活,在其活动时很快便会疲乏。通过增强钙的吸收以及减肥,或者通过增强钙的吸收及减轻体重,可以增加宠物或人的灵活性。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了用于增加骨量的钙和蛋清或蛋清蛋白的组合物。
必须理解,异黄酮/钙的组合以及含有此种组合的食物产品优选用于面临绝经或很可能在将来数年中面临绝经的妇女。
实施例
下述实施例举例说明落入本发明范围内的一些产品及其制备方法。其不应以任何方式被视为对本发明的限定。对本发明可做相应的变动或改进。即熟练的技术人员将认可在这些示例中可进行多种变更,以覆盖宽范围的配方、成分、加工过程以及混合物,为其多种应用而合理调整本发明化合物的自然存在水平。
实施例1:增强钙吸收的谷类
使用以下成分(以重量百分数计算)制备干混合物及粘合剂:
粘合剂 | |
葡萄糖浆 | 4 |
蔗糖 | 4 |
转化糖 | 10 |
蛋清(粉末) | 19.47 |
脂肪 | 7.82 |
卵磷脂 | 0.1 |
干混合物 | |
苹果丁(apple cubes) | 7 |
钙 | 0.53 |
米花(rice crisp) | 10 |
燕麦糠 | 30 |
燕麦糠浓缩物 | 6.0 |
瓜尔豆(guar) | 1 |
苹果香料 | 0.08 |
以干混合物重量百分比计,瓜尔豆、燕麦糠以及燕麦糠浓缩物的百分比分别为1.9%、18.9%和7.5%。
依照标准工艺,通过蒸煮、挤压、膨胀购自法国巴黎,rue du Louvre,44号GEMEF工业的米粉即获得米花。
将各成分充分混合,并置入GP型Bepex-Hutt Roller Slab Former中,将该混合物压缩并得到约1.5cm厚的平板。然后从该压缩物切出约20g的块,得到稍长的条形食物。
实施例2:减肥汤
将粉末形式的以下成分于HOBART混合器中一起混和:
精盐 | 50g |
谷氨酸 | 20g |
糖 | 60g |
钙 | 0.23g |
番茄粉 | 200g |
马铃薯淀粉 | 100g |
小麦面粉 | 200g |
蛋清粉 | 8.10g |
洋葱粉 | 10g |
大蒜粉 | 5g |
上述混合物中粉末形式的各成分的平均大小为120微米。在约40℃的温度下将脂肪(330g氢化棕榈油)融化。将粉末混合物添加至脂肪中,并于恒温混合器中在40℃的温度下将整个混合物混和搅拌并均化。
使该混合物流入9cm长、5cm宽、0.7厘米厚的长方形模具中。一旦注满模具,即将模具在冷冻箱中于4℃的温度下冷却。然后通过振动使片剂脱模。
如此得到片剂形式的番茄汤,其提供钙并且由于其可帮助降低(减少?)肥胖而可以并适合用于肥胖人群。
实施例3:增强吸收的猫粮
我们制备了乳剂,其含有63%的肉和肉类副产品、特别是家禽副产品(主要是胴体)和/或猪肉或牛肉副产品(主要是肝脏和肺)、15%谷类、1.5%动物或植物来源的组织蛋白、0.2%蛋清蛋白、5.2%钙和15%水。该乳剂还含有维生素、盐、香料和着色剂。
然后将该乳剂置于烤箱中蒸煮。所得咀嚼物可非常有效地使猫得到较高的钙吸收。
实施例4:增强钙吸收的配制婴儿食品(infant formula)
通过以所示比例将以下成分一起混合,我们制备了一种配制婴儿食品。最终产品为粉剂形式。
脂肪 | 27.7g | |
乳脂肪 | 0.7g | |
脂肪混合物(150) | 26.8g | |
卵磷脂 | 0.2g | |
亚油酸 | 4.1g | |
α-亚油酸 | 525mg | |
蛋白质 | 9.5mg | |
可利用的碳水化合物 | 57.9g | |
乳糖 | 57.9g | |
矿物质(灰分) | 1.9g | |
钠 | 120mg | |
钾 | 460mg | |
氯 | 330mg | |
钙 | 320mg | |
磷 | 160mg | |
镁 | 36mg | |
锰 | 40微克 | |
硒 | 10.4微克 | |
总固体 | 97.0g | |
水份 | 3.0g |
将13.12克蛋清蛋白添加至上述配方。
此种配制婴儿食品可在饮用其的婴儿或儿童中增强钙的吸收。
实施例5:有关异黄酮及钙吸收的试验结果。
55只9-10月龄的雌性Wistar大鼠(绝经骨丧失模型)被用于检测是否大豆异黄酮可促进钙平衡。首先,将这些动物以含有0.3%钙和0.2%磷的小啮齿类动物饮食平衡3周。在卵巢切除术前一周,依照体重对其进行随机化,分成6组(n=8/组)。然后对40只大鼠行卵巢切除术,同时8只大鼠行SHAM术(即不行卵巢切除术的手术)。使两对照组(SHAM和OVX)继续使用该平衡饮食,剩余的卵巢切除术后大鼠接受以生理剂量补充异黄酮的平衡饮食。异黄酮以糖苷(Novasoy,ADM)或糖苷配基(经酶水解的Novasoy)的形式并以两种不同剂量(3mg或8mg/天)给予。在第1、47、85天采集血样,在第43至47天及78至82天评定钙平衡。
如所预计的,经过2个月的阶段,所有6组的钙平衡均恶化,这可能是由于雌激素损耗及老龄化对钙吸收和保持的强烈影响。
经过对于人类而言约4年的2个月的阶段,与OVX对照相比,每日消费大豆异黄酮趋于在所有异黄酮组中促进钙平衡。异黄酮糖苷配基和糖苷给出相当的血浆异黄酮水平(由于糖苷在大鼠胃肠道中有效转化为糖苷配基),剂量间的差异(3mg或8mg/天)并不有力影响最终的稳态血浆浓度(约为5μM)。奇怪的是,低剂量糖苷配基组显示钙平衡的改善最为显著。
在此绝经骨丧失动物模型中,与对照相比,每日消费大豆异黄酮两个月可促进钙平衡。
实施例6:用于绝经后妇女的、含有异黄酮以增加钙吸收的高钙乳
通过将以下成分一起混合,制备了用于绝经后妇女的高钙乳:
111克部分脱脂的奶粉,
1升水,
800mg碳酸钙,
100mg异黄酮。
推荐每日摄入此高钙乳可为250ml至500ml/日。
实施例7:含有异黄酮和蛋清蛋白的汁剂
通过混合以下成分制备了容量250ml的纸包装橙汁:
200mg碳酸钙,
4克蛋清蛋白,以及
33mg异黄酮。
于搅动条件下加入橙汁直至达到最终所需容量。
Claims (22)
1.钙吸收增强剂,其包含作为活性成分的钙和至少一种选自蛋清、蛋清蛋白和异黄酮的组分。
2.根据权利要求1的钙吸收增强剂,其中蛋清蛋白为其天然形式。
3.根据权利要求1或2的钙吸收增强剂,其中蛋清或蛋清蛋白仅含有卵白蛋白、卵转铁蛋白和卵类粘蛋白。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的钙吸收增强剂,其中所含蛋清/钙的比例为4至400、优选20至60,在一项优选实施方案中为40。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一的钙吸收增强剂,其中所含钙/异黄酮的比例为1.5至48、优选6至20,在一项优选实施方案中为12。
6.可口服摄取的组合物,其包含根据前述权利要求任一项的钙吸收增强剂。
7.根据权利要求6的可口服摄取的组合物,其中该组合物为食物产品、膳食性补充物、营养补充物或药物。
8.根据权利要求6或7的可口服摄取的组合物,其中与总组合物相比的蛋清和钙的比例为以重量计0.2至100%、优选1至99%,在一项优选实施方案中为5至98%。
9.根据权利要求6至8之一的可口服摄取的组合物,其还包含益生素和/或功能性成分。
10.根据权利要求6至9之一的可口服摄取的组合物,其中食物产品为人类食物产品或宠物食物产品。
11.根据权利要求6至10之一的可口服摄取的组合物,其中活性成分为粉末形式。
12.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的钙吸收增强剂的用途。
13.根据权利要求12的钙吸收增强剂的用途,其中所含蛋清/钙的比例为4至400、优选20至60,在一项优选实施方案中为40。
14.根据权利要求12或13的钙吸收增强剂的用途,其中所含钙/异黄酮的比例为1.5至48、优选6至20,在一项优选实施方案中为12。
15.根据权利要求12至14之一的钙吸收增强剂的用途,其中同时但分别给予钙和蛋清。
16.根据权利要求12至15之一的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于减肥。
17.根据权利要求16的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于宠物或人类。
18.根据权利要求12至17之一的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于升高骨量。
19.根据权利要求12至18之一的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于升高骨量峰值。
20.根据权利要求12至19的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于延迟临界骨量的到达。
21.根据权利要求12至20的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于增加体重减轻、帮助减少体重和/或减少机体脂肪。
22.根据权利要求12至21的钙吸收增强剂的用途,用于增加灵活性。
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EP02017497A EP1388297A1 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | Calcium absorption enhancer |
EP02017497.5 | 2002-08-06 |
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CN1678204A true CN1678204A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
CN100469265C CN100469265C (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
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US (1) | US20050266140A1 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1388297A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006514540A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100469265C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR040795A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE446020T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003253371B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2494773C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60329761D1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200406159A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004014155A2 (zh) |
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CN101605467A (zh) * | 2006-11-03 | 2009-12-16 | T·F·H·发行公司 | 营养补充剂 |
CN102038041A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-05-04 | 许德建 | 一种婴幼儿矿物质配方奶粉 |
CN113396990A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 再制干酪及其制备方法 |
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US8226973B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2012-07-24 | Nestec, S. A. | Isoflavone compositions for reducing accumulation of body fat in male mammals, and methods for their use |
CN101902927A (zh) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-12-01 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 包含异黄酮类的液体可食用组合物 |
JP2010057428A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 飲食品 |
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-
2002
- 2002-08-06 EP EP02017497A patent/EP1388297A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-08-01 CN CNB03821007XA patent/CN100469265C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 JP JP2004526844A patent/JP2006514540A/ja active Pending
- 2003-08-01 EP EP08170092A patent/EP2052630A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-01 US US10/523,767 patent/US20050266140A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-01 AT AT03784137T patent/ATE446020T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-01 CA CA2494773A patent/CA2494773C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 AU AU2003253371A patent/AU2003253371B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-01 DE DE60329761T patent/DE60329761D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 WO PCT/EP2003/008523 patent/WO2004014155A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-08-01 EP EP03784137A patent/EP1528864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-05 AR AR20030102810A patent/AR040795A1/es unknown
- 2003-08-06 TW TW092121540A patent/TW200406159A/zh unknown
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101605467A (zh) * | 2006-11-03 | 2009-12-16 | T·F·H·发行公司 | 营养补充剂 |
CN102038041A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-05-04 | 许德建 | 一种婴幼儿矿物质配方奶粉 |
CN102038041B (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-04-03 | 许德建 | 一种婴幼儿矿物质配方奶粉 |
CN113396990A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 再制干酪及其制备方法 |
CN113396990B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2023-10-20 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 再制干酪及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2006514540A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
AU2003253371A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
EP2052630A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
WO2004014155A3 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
WO2004014155A2 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
US20050266140A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
CA2494773C (en) | 2012-05-15 |
AU2003253371B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
CN100469265C (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
EP1528864A2 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
EP1388297A1 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
AR040795A1 (es) | 2005-04-20 |
DE60329761D1 (de) | 2009-12-03 |
EP1528864B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
TW200406159A (en) | 2004-05-01 |
CA2494773A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
ATE446020T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
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