CN1671538A - 复合门结构和形成复合门结构的方法 - Google Patents

复合门结构和形成复合门结构的方法 Download PDF

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CN1671538A
CN1671538A CNA038180936A CN03818093A CN1671538A CN 1671538 A CN1671538 A CN 1671538A CN A038180936 A CNA038180936 A CN A038180936A CN 03818093 A CN03818093 A CN 03818093A CN 1671538 A CN1671538 A CN 1671538A
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door
facing
thin
mixture
fibrous material
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CN100450757C (zh
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G·费根
R·H·科恩
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Blue Carat Holdings Pty Ltd
Masonite Corp
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Premdor International Inc
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70Door leaves
    • E06B3/72Door leaves consisting of frame and panels, e.g. of raised panel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B29C51/268Cutting, rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70Door leaves
    • E06B3/72Door leaves consisting of frame and panels, e.g. of raised panel type
    • E06B3/78Door leaves consisting of frame and panels, e.g. of raised panel type with panels of plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0011Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with compression moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0017Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1039Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49623Static structure, e.g., a building component
    • Y10T29/49629Panel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49893Peripheral joining of opposed mirror image parts to form a hollow body
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49906Metal deforming with nonmetallic bonding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982Coating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种形成复合门的方法。该方法包括:将热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料混合在一起,混合比例使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%;在热和压力下将混合物挤压成薄板形状;将薄板切割成预定尺寸;从薄板至少一个表面去除材料以形成露出纤维颗粒的均匀表面,该表面具有没有明显纤维颗粒的均质外观;热成形薄板以便在至少一个外表面上赋予外部三维门表面;以及将两个热成形的门饰面、一个周边框架和芯材组装成门。

Description

复合门结构和形成复合门结构的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及门的形成。具体来说,本发明涉及用热塑性材料和有机纤维材料的复合物形成门。
背景技术
各种材料用于构制建筑的门。建筑的木门是公知的。但是,木门暴露于雨、雪、阳光和其它自然环境下时需要经常保养,包括施加各种着色剂和透明涂层。木门也可能翘曲及腐朽。需要一种门,这种门具有低的保养要求,对自然环境不敏感。存在对于木材的各种替代材料。
具有钢面板的门是常规的。这种钢板门构制成本相当低,在浮动的温度下多少有些尺寸稳定性。与生产钢门有关的初始成本较高。需要高压工具来形成板。但是,除非所使用的钢板具有大的厚度,用钢板构制的门易产生凹陷。另外,一般并未使钢板门具有逼真的多向性木纹理外观。。
用玻璃纤维面板构制的门也是常见的。玻璃纤维面板具有显著超过钢的优点。玻璃纤维面板可以构制成很象木板门。但是,玻璃纤维门的构制成本很高。象钢门一样,其生产初始成本高且生产率很低。生产具有木板门外观的板必须使用昂贵的模具。玻璃纤维门的原料也相对较贵。玻璃纤维门也具有随温度浮动而产生的尺寸稳定性问题。这种尺寸稳定性可能最终使门损坏。
用PVC面板构制的门也是公知的。PVC面板的生产比玻璃纤维面板费用较低,这是由于制造成本及原料成本都低于玻璃纤维板的缘故。但是,象玻璃纤维一样,PVC对于温度浮动来说尺寸不稳定。在180°F的温度下,PVC显著软化。因此,PVC不适用于抵卸风暴的门(storm doors)及与抵卸风暴的门一起使用的门,这种门在抵卸风暴的门和该门之间的空间承受目光直接照射,温度可超过180°F。例如,在漆成深色的门和全景抵卸风暴的门(即大的窗)之间的空间可达230°F和240°F。因此,许多材料当用作与抵卸风暴的门有关的外门或用作抵卸风暴的门时可能发生相当大的变劣。
由于上述原因,需要一种门,这种门具有相对的门面板,所述门面板是采用低成本的制造技术和低成本的原料制造的。还需要一种门,这种门所具有的门面板在温度浮动的情况下不易凹陷且具有尺寸稳定性。
其它人曾试图采用复合材料。但是,这些材料从制造方法及产品寿命方面来看都不适用于制成复合的门表皮。
授予Deaner等人的两篇题目均为“先进的聚合物/木复合构件”的美国专利第5,486,553号和第5,539,027号公开了用聚合物和木材复合物形成构件的技术。这种构件是用一种复合物形成的,这种复合物含有30至50wt%的锯末及50至70wt%的聚氯乙烯聚合物。这种复合物首先被混合,然后被挤压成颗粒。然后,颗粒被挤压成需要的构件。但是,这种所公开的复合物不适用于形成门,这是由于这种材料当暴露于高温时可能退化。另外,所公开的材料的使用需要附加的制造步骤。另外,这种复合物首先必须制成颗粒后才能形成构件的最终形状。最后,最终产品不具有有木头的外观。
授予Grill的题为“Sandable and Stainable Plastic/WoodComposite”的美国专利第5,700,555号公开了一种复合物品,它可用来形成钢、玻璃纤维或木质的门的构件。这种物品包括完全用塑料制成的第一区域和用塑料和天然纤维制成的第二区域。第一区域和第二区域是整体的并被连续地共同挤压。在第二区域中天然纤维的比率介于10%和55%。第二区域的外表面包括压花,类似于木纹。这种外表面具有足够的多孔度以保持和留住木着色剂,从而使复合物品可染色以模仿真木材。第二区域的成分可包括介于45%和90%之间的聚氯乙烯、介于10%和55%之间的天然纤维,以及外部润滑和熔化增强剂。
授予Deaner等人的题目均为“Advanced Polymer WoodComposite”的美国专利第5,827,607号、第5,932,334号和第6,015,611号,以及授予Deaner等人的题为“Polymer Wood Composite”的美国专利第6,015,612号公开了用聚合物和木头的复合物形成构件。这种构件是用含有30至50wt%的锯末和40至70wt%的聚合物形成的,该聚合物含有氯乙烯和不到8wt%的水。象上述Deaner等人的其它文献那样,复合物首先被混合,然后挤压成颗粒。然后,将颗粒挤压成所需要的构件,这就需要附加的制造步骤。
授予Zehner等人的题为“Renewable Surface For ExtrudedSynthetic Wood Material”的美国专利第5,866,264号公开了一种纤维素纤维聚合复合物,其具有随其共同挤压的可更新的表面。
授予Nishibori的题为“Method For Forming Pattern On Asynthetic Wood Board”的美国专利第5,869,138号公开了一种在合成木板上形成木纹图案。Nishibori公开了用于形成木纹的多步骤工艺。合成木板首先承受沿其至少一面的整个表面的第一磨光加工。然后将着色剂涂在磨光的表面上。着色剂注入表面上的木粉填粉中。然后使该表面承受第二磨光加工,磨成木样外观。然后使该板承受木纹印刷加工。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用有机纤维材料的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料的混合物形成的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有木材外观的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用热塑性聚合物、有机纤维材料和偶联剂形成的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有类似于钢的光滑外观的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有改进的热性质以便可暴露于提高了的温度的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有超过钢的改进的耐凹痕冲击性的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种易于染色或油漆的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有改进的保养质量且不易腐烂的复合门结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种形成复合门结构的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种形成门的方法。本发明也涉及一种按照这种形成门的方法构制的门。这种方法包括将热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料混合在一起,混合比使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%。该混合物也可包括偶联剂如马来聚丙烯(maleated polypropylene)。可以构想,偶联剂可占混合物重量的0.5%至5%。还可以构想,混合物可包括一种或多种冲击改性剂。冲击改性剂可改善阻止凹痕形成的性质。然后,将混合物在热和压力下挤压成薄板形式。然后,将板切成预定的尺寸。可从板的至少一个表面除去材料以形成没有明显纤维颗粒的均匀外观。该表面可经受砂磨、研磨或踩踏(treaded)。然后,将板热成形,以便在至少一个表面上形成外部的三维门面,从而形成一个薄的门饰面。热成形的板可具有门饰面的外观,可具有抬高的板面或其它的构造表面。也可以构想,板的表面在热成形操作前未经处理。饰面的表面具有适当的光洁度,因而不必染色或油漆。两个热成形的薄门饰面、一个周边框架和一芯料被组装成门,其中两个薄门饰面被周边框架和芯料以平行关系被固定,使每个薄门饰面的第一表面以相反的方向朝外。
本发明的形成门的方法提供了超过现有技术的显著优点。本发明的形成门的方法成本低廉,这是由于制造门饰面所使用的材料不贵,且制造门饰面所使用的制造技术实施起来成形不高的缘故。具体来说,制造门饰面的板所使用的材料包括热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料。有机纤维材料最好占混合物重量的40-60%。混合物也可包括偶联剂。可以构想,偶联剂可占混合物重量的0.5%至5%。有机纤维材料最好包括相对较小的松木颗粒、其它低价木材或其它纤维的有机材料,它所包括的并不限于稻草、稻壳及knaff。有机纤维材料往往可以是其它木材制造过程的副产物。因此,有机纤维材料可以被认为是制造设备的废物流的一部分。使用这种原料对用这种原料制造的板的原料成本有显著好处。因而相应的门的制造对环境更为有利,这是由于它不需要为制造板材而砍掉额外的树木。另外,制造门饰面的板也是采用相对较低成本的、高耐热性的热塑性聚合物如聚丙烯来构制的。最后,门饰面是使用成本相对较低的热成形制造技术如真空成形法和压缩模制法而构制成的。
按照本发明,饰板的外表面可以不染色或油漆。可以构想,可将一塑料薄层贴在复合材料的薄板上以构成其外表面。塑料薄层可以采用一种或多种方式施加。可以构想,塑料薄层可以同复合材料的混合物一起共同挤压。在共同挤压操作以后,薄板和薄层被热成形以形成外部的三维门表面。也可设想,塑料薄层的施加是将一塑料薄层层压在薄板的外表面上。在层压之前,薄板的外表面可被处理以促进与塑料薄层的粘合。例如,可以设想该外表面被火焰处理、承受加热或电晕处理。
按照本发明构制的门饰面或门板对温度变化具有尺寸稳定性。由于这种门饰面胀、缩极小,因而饰面不易与框架脱开。按照本发明构制的门也不易发生裂缝或其它形式的变劣情形。这种尺寸稳定性使门可适于与防风暴的外门一起使用或用作防风暴外门。
附图说明
下述附图构成说明书的一部分,并在阅读说明书中参阅,图中相同的附图标记表示相同的零件。
图1表示按照本发明的教导形成的方法;
图2是表示按照本发明的教导构制的门的分解图;
图3表示按照本发明另一实施例的形成复合门的方法;
图4的部分示意图表示按照本发明在门饰面的表面上形成的塑料薄层;以及
图5表示按照本发明另一实施例的形成复合门的方法。
具体实施方式
图1表示按照本发明形成门的方法、该方法包括将热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料混合起来,混合的比例使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40-60%。有机纤维材料最好是经过筛选的相对较小的松木颗粒。例如,可以使用80筛目的网筛。本发明并不局限于使用80筛目的网筛;其它较大或较小的规格也可被认为在本发明的范围内。但是,本发明并不局限于使用松木,而是可以使用各种木屑,包括但不局限于橡木、樱桃、枫树及其组合,也可使用其它木材。另外,还可以设想,所使用的有机纤维材料可含有混合的木颗粒,只要所有的颗粒经过筛选即可。还可以设想,可以使用其它的有机纤维材料,包括但又不局限于稻草、稻壳和knaff。有机材料可含有木及其它有机纤维材料的混合物。
热塑性聚合物最好是聚丙烯。聚合物被熔化并借助批料混合或双螺旋伸展与有机纤维材料混合以形成均匀的材料。纤维筛目尺寸(最好是80筛目)使材料具有均匀的外观而无明显的颗粒。可以设想,混合物可包括填料。例如,可以添加乙烯丙烯二烯单体(EPDM)以改善耐冲击性能。可以添加滑石粉以提高热稳定性。滑石粉的存在也可减轻挤压材料的颜色。
按照本发明,混合物最好包括偶联剂。偶联剂的存在可增强混合物各成份之间的粘合。偶联剂是马来聚丙烯(maleatedpolypropylene)。但是,本发明并不局限于使用马来聚丙烯;其它可以改善混合物各成份之间的粘合的物质也被认为在本发明的范围内。偶联剂占混合物重量的0.5%至5%之间。
然后,混合物被挤压成厚度最好在2至4mm之间的板。板是以适当宽度被挤压的,并被切成各种门规格的适当长度。
板承受最好是砂磨的材料去除加工,以便露出被伸展的板内的纤维材料。砂磨最好从板的至少一个表面去除材料。通过砂磨去除材料,使得没有明显纤维颗粒的该表面呈现均匀的外观。但是,该表面却含有暴露的纤维颗粒的均匀表面,以便染色或油漆。板被砂磨,使砂磨的表面易于接受油漆、染色剂或墨。
然后,板最好通过真空成形法被热成形。也可使用匹配的工具通过压缩模制而使板热成形。热成形使板上呈现三维门表面,从而用这种板形成薄门饰面。如果需要,最好通过在砂磨的表面上压印木纹图案而在砂磨表面上施加纹理图案。
如图2所示,然后通过使用两个门饰面111和112而形成一个门组件10。图2所示门组件包括第一门饰面111和第二门饰面112。第一门饰面111包括一个前表面12,该前表面是砂磨表面,以及一个与前表面相反的后表面13。第一门饰面111还包括第一侧缘14、第二侧缘16、顶级18和底缘20。第一和第二侧缘14和16最好彼此平行。第一和第二侧缘14和16之间的距离限定了饰面111的宽度。顶缘18和纸缘20也最好彼此平行。顶缘18和底缘20之间的距离限定了饰面111的长度。多个假木板22已在饰面111上形成。第二饰面112最好被构制成类似于第一饰面111。第二饰面112最好包括一个与第一饰面111的砂磨表面12朝向相反的砂磨表面。第一和第二饰面111和112以彼此基本平行的关系连接于一个周边框架30。周边框架30包括第一垂向框件31、第二垂向框件32,顶部框件34和底部框件34。框件31、32,34和36可以用各种材料如木材制成,或者,也可以用类似于门饰面111和112中所用材料的复合材料制成。框架30是以优选的形状即矩形画出的。门10填有芯材50,图2中只画出芯材的一部分。优选的芯材是良好的绝缘材料。采用聚氨酯泡沫提供了良好的效率。芯材最好填充框架30内饰面111和112之间的整个空腔。可以构想,芯材可以作为预成形的插入件来提供。也可以设想,芯材可以在饰面111和112之间的部位上成形。
饰面111和112模仿复式平行木门的外观,具有八个假木板22。但是,图2所示优选构造显然是许多可能的构造之一。在热成形之前或之后显然也可在板上施加假木纹,这种假木纹最好压印在板上。门饰面的砂磨或研磨的表面显然也易于接受油漆、染色剂、墨及其它涂层或覆面,这可以改善门的外观。如上所述,饰面111和112的内表面显然可被研磨以改善与芯材的粘合,和/或使用粘合剂而将门构件固定在一起。虽然,研磨表面没有有机纤维材料的明显颗粒,却仍留有露出的纤维颗粒的均匀表面。通过研磨露出的留下的有机纤维颗粒能够易于接受油漆、染色剂、墨和其它涂层或覆面。除砂磨以外的其它材料去除加工显然也可用来露出有机纤维颗粒。其它研磨形式也在本发明范围内。也可以设想,在饰面111和112的表面上也可进行电晕处理或其它表面处理。处理可施加在饰面111和112的外表面上以提高油漆的附着。踩踏(tread)可施加在饰面111和112的内表面上以改善位于门内部中的胶和/或泡沫的附着。两个饰面显然可以包括易于接受油漆、染色剂、墨和其它涂层或覆面的砂磨表面。但是,也可以只有第一饰面包括砂磨表面。每个饰面的两个表面显然也可承受材料去除加工。材料去除加工显然也可以是除砂磨以外的其它加工。许多框架构造显然也可以在本发明的范围内。许多不同芯材的使用显然也在本发明的范围内。
虽然选择了有利的实施例来说明本发明,但是,本专业技术人员懂得,可以进行各种修改和变化而并不超出本发明的范围。例如,饰面的外表面可以不染色或油漆。可以设想,在形成板的过程中,混合物可以同构成顶部表面的塑料层60共同被挤压,如图3所示。在共同挤压操作之后,饰面111或112和薄层60被热成形,以便形成外部三维门表面。该塑料层可以使用ASA塑料15/1000或其它具有类似性质的塑料形成。塑料层可以具有0.015″或更薄的厚度。也可以构想,该塑料层具有较大的厚度。这种共同挤压提供了一种不需油漆且具有良好的耐紫外线性能的预先修饰的着色表面(例如,白色或茶色)。无需进一步修饰,不必进行上述的研磨操作,这是由于无需为了染色的目的而暴露出木纤维。也可构想,塑料薄层的施加是将一塑料薄层层压在薄板的外表面上,如图5的描述。在层压之前,薄板的外表面可被处理以促进与塑料薄层的粘合。例如,可以构想,该外表面可被表面处理,包括但又不局限于火焰处理或者电晕处理以降低表面能量。也可以构想,砂磨或研磨操作可以在饰面111和112上进行以提高塑料层在顶面上的附着。也可以构想,塑料层可以在热成形操作中形成织构,如果这种织构修饰是需要的话。还可以构想,饰面111和112可在施加塑料层60之前或之后切成需要的长度。本发明意图包括本发明中构想的修改和变化,只要其落在本发明的范围以内。本发明显然并不局限于所公开的实施例和构件,而是覆盖各种修改、特征的组合、等同的布置及等同的构件。

Claims (48)

1.一种形成门的方法,包括:
形成门的周边框架;
将热塑性聚合物与有机纤维材料混合以形成混合物,混合比例使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%;
在热和压力下挤压混合物以形成薄板;
将薄板切割成预定尺寸;
热成形薄板,以便在至少一个表面上赋予外部三维门表面,从而限定一个薄门饰面;以及
将两个薄门饰面和一个周边框架组装成门,其中借助周边框架将两个薄门饰面以平行关系固定。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热塑性聚合物是聚丙烯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料包含木纤维。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料包括木纤维和其它纤维的有机材料的混合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:混合物的挤压步骤产生一连续的板形状,所述板形状具有第一对相对的平行边缘,基本限定薄门饰面的周边宽度,其中切割薄板的步骤包括在第一对相对平行边缘之间切割连续的板以形成薄门饰面,所述薄门饰面具有限定高度的相对边缘。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
从薄板的对少一个表面去除材料以形成露出纤维颗粒的均匀表面,该均匀表面具有没有明显纤维颗粒的均质外观。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述去除材料的步骤包括砂磨至少一个表面。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述去除材料的步骤包括在至少一个表面上进行表面处理。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括真空成形。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括在至少一个表面上赋予木纹构造。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括在至少一个表面上赋予复式板构造。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述组装步骤还包括在由两个薄门饰面和周边框架形成的空腔中设置芯材。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于还包括;
在每个门饰面的内表面上涂覆粘合剂以便将饰面固定在周边框架和芯材中的至少一个上。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
在将粘合剂涂覆在每个门饰面的内表面上之前从所述内表面去除材料。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述混合物包括偶联剂。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于:所述偶联剂占混合物重量的0.5%至5%。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于它还包括:在薄板上施加一塑料薄层以形成外表面。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于:施加所述塑料薄层包括与混合物共同挤压塑料以便在薄板上形成一薄层。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于:所述薄板和所述薄层被热成形,以便形成外部三维门表面。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于:施加所述塑料薄层包括在薄板上层压一塑料薄层。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:在层压之前处理薄板的外表面。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于:处理所述外表面包括在层压之前火焰处理所述外表面。
23.一种形成门的方法,包括:
将聚丙烯与有机纤维材料混合以形成混合物;
在热和压力下挤压混合物以产生一薄板形状;
将薄板切割成预定尺寸;
热成形薄板以便在至少一个表面上赋予外部三维门表面,从而限定薄门饰面;以及
将两个薄门饰面和一个周边框架组装成门,其中借助周边框架以平行关系固定两个薄门饰面。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于:所述混合物包括偶联剂,其中偶联剂占混合物重量的0.5%至5%。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料含有木纤维。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料含有木纤维和其它纤维有机材料的混合物。
28.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:混合物的挤压步骤产生一连续的板形状,所述板形状具有第一对相对的平行边缘,基本限定薄门饰面的周边宽度,其中切割薄板的步骤包括在第一对相对平行边缘之间切割连续的板以形成薄门饰面,所述薄门饰面具有限定高度的相对边缘。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于:共同挤压塑料与所述混合物,以便在薄板上形成一个薄层。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其特征在于:所述薄板和所述薄层被热成形,以便形成外部三维门表面。
31.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:将一塑料薄层层压在薄板上以形成一外表面。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:在层压前处理薄板的外表面。
33.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
从薄板的至少一个表面去除材料以形成露出纤维颗粒的均匀表面,该表面具有没有明显纤维颗粒的均质外观。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于:所述去除材料的步骤包括砂磨至少一个表面。
35.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于:所述去除材料的步骤包括在至少一个表面上进行表面处理。
36.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括真空热成形。
37.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括在至少一个表面上赋予木纹构造。
38.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述热成形步骤包括在至少一个表面上赋予复式板构造。
39.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于:所述组装步骤还包括在由两个薄门饰面和周边框架形成的空腔内设置芯材。
40.一种门,包括:
一个周边框架;
固定在所述框架上的第一饰面和第二饰面,所述第二饰面与第一饰面处于间隔开来的平行关系;
所述第一和第二饰面中的至少一个饰面包括一个复合材料的挤压板,所述复合材料含有热塑性聚合物和有机纤维材料的混合物,混合比例使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%,其中至少一个饰面的外表面具有暴露的有机纤维材料,通过材料去除加工使所述暴露的有机纤维材料露出,所述至少一个饰面的外表面具有暴露的纤维颗粒的均匀表面,该表面具有没有明显纤维颗粒的外观,所述至少一个饰面的外表面具有热成形的三维门表面。
41.如权利要求40所述的门,其特征在于:所述热塑性聚合物是聚丙烯。
42.如权利要求40所述的门,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料是木纤维。
43.如权利要求40所述的门,其特征在于:所述至少一个饰面的外表面被研磨。
44.如权利要求40所述的门,其特征在于:还包括设置在所述第一和第二饰面之间的芯材。
45.如权利要求40所述的门,其特征在于:在所述至少一个饰面上热成形的所述三维门表面是一种复式板构造。
46.一种门,包括:
一个周边框架;以及
固定在周边框架上的第一和第二饰面,所述第二饰面与第一饰面处于间隔开来的平行关系,
其中每个饰面包括一复合材料的挤压板,所述复合材料含有聚丙烯和有机纤维材料的混合物,混合比例使有机纤维材料占混合物重量的40%至60%,其中所述挤压板具有一外表面,以及一个施加在所述外表面上的塑料薄层,其中每个饰面具有热成形的三维门表面。
47.如权利要求46所述的门,其特征在于:所述有机纤维材料是木纤维。
48.如权利要求46所述的门,其特征在于:还包括设置在所述第一和第二饰面之间的芯材。
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EP1517780B1 (en) 2008-02-20
KR101021613B1 (ko) 2011-03-17
US20070119114A1 (en) 2007-05-31
US20080172984A1 (en) 2008-07-24
US7337544B2 (en) 2008-03-04
JP4490812B2 (ja) 2010-06-30
CN100450757C (zh) 2009-01-14
MXPA05000228A (es) 2005-09-30
US7761997B2 (en) 2010-07-27
ATE386627T1 (de) 2008-03-15
HK1080794A1 (en) 2006-05-04
KR20050079216A (ko) 2005-08-09
US20040000120A1 (en) 2004-01-01
EP1517780A1 (en) 2005-03-30
CA2491046C (en) 2010-02-16
WO2004002722A1 (en) 2004-01-08
DE60319225D1 (de) 2008-04-03
AU2003248727A1 (en) 2004-01-19
CA2491046A1 (en) 2004-01-08
JP2005531704A (ja) 2005-10-20
US7178308B2 (en) 2007-02-20

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