CN1665987A - 用于对轨道构件的一个表面进行涂层的方法以及轨道构件 - Google Patents

用于对轨道构件的一个表面进行涂层的方法以及轨道构件 Download PDF

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CN1665987A
CN1665987A CN038151774A CN03815177A CN1665987A CN 1665987 A CN1665987 A CN 1665987A CN 038151774 A CN038151774 A CN 038151774A CN 03815177 A CN03815177 A CN 03815177A CN 1665987 A CN1665987 A CN 1665987A
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W·库尼茨
J·海尔谢尔
S·施梅德尔斯
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    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
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    • E01B2202/00—Characteristics of moving parts of rail systems, e.g. switches, special frogs, tongues
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助于电弧喷涂对轨道构件的一个表面涂上一种含铝的薄层的方法。为了以制造简单的方式形成一种具有高的抗滑动磨损和磨蚀磨损能力的薄层，建议通过电弧喷涂在该表面上涂覆上比例为3∶2≤Al∶Si≤4∶1的铝和硅。

Description

用于对轨道构件的一个表面进行涂层的方法 以及轨道构件
本发明涉及一种借助于电弧喷涂对轨道构件的一个表面涂上一种含有铝的薄层的方法。本发明也涉及一种如道岔构件的轨道构件，它具有一种通过电弧喷涂而涂覆的含铝薄层。
由DE 3805963A1已知有一种滑床板，其中通过等离子喷镀或火焰喷镀涂上一种滑动介质，选种介质含有钼或者以Co-或Ni为基的三元或四元合金，必要时添加有如Mo、Cr和/或Si。
用于单轨轨道的异形轨具有横断面为水平的滑动面，在该滑动面上通过火焰喷涂或电弧喷涂涂上了一种金属喷涂垫层，这由DE3841044 C3可以已知。金属喷涂垫层由一个粘附层和一个磨损层组成，后者含有10％至25％的铬。粘附层本身最好由60％至90％的镍和10％至40％的铝组成。金属喷涂垫层的厚度可以为0.3mm至5mm。
一种对应的通过电弧喷镀涂上的金属垫层的不利之处在于，这种垫层是双层的，其中滑动磨损和磨蚀磨损与由钼组成的通过火焰喷涂而涂覆的、然而是单层的这种薄层相比并无明显提高。
本发明的目的是，对一种用来涂覆一个轨道构件的一个表面的方法以及这种轨道构件本身提出改进方案，从而能够以制造简单的方式形成一种薄层，该薄层具有高的抗滑动磨损和磨蚀磨损能力，而且尤其是对于大气电解质-例如盐水或者防冻剂具有高抗腐蚀能力。也应该有良好的粘附强度。
按照本发明所述目的通过开头所列种类的方法基本按如下来解决：通过电弧喷涂在所述表面上涂上比例关系为3∶2≤Al∶Si≤4∶1的铝和硅。涂覆的铝与硅的比例尤其为3∶1。
由铝和硅组成的或包含有铝和硅的薄层厚度应在0.2mm至2mm之间，尤其是在0.8mm至1.5mm之间。若所述薄层涂覆在一种高强度钢、如St52上，那就有良好的粘附性。
按照本发明通过电弧喷镀将铝和硅涂在尤其是道岔部件上-如滑床板(Gleitstuhl)或道岔锁闭器(Weichenverschluss)上，正如这例如由EP 0739804可看出的那样，其中在非常小的厚度时就可以实现所想要的较高的抗滑动磨损和磨蚀磨损以及高的抗腐蚀能力。因此尤其与以前所已知的涂层材料如钼和青铜等相比具有很大优点。但是相对于按DE 3841044 C2所述的多层构造来说其优点就在于，如果薄层厚度只是达到0.8mm至1.5mm，那么只需要一层也能满足所有的要求。
相对于例如按背景技术采用的镍和铝或者钼来说，本发明在成本上也是有利的。
具有一种通过电弧喷镀而涂上的含铝层的轨道构件如道岔构件或者道岔锁闭件的特点在于，该薄层由铝和硅组成，比例为3∶2≤Al∶Si≤4∶1或者含有这些比例成分，其中铝与硅的比例尤其为3∶1。
最好应用一种铠装线(Manteldraht)作为用于电弧喷镀的喷镀丝(Spritzdraht)，所述铠装线外套由铝制成，外套里装有粉末状的硅。另外熔化的铝和硅应该以一个高于大气压的、为2至4巴的输送压力涂覆在表面上，以便达到所希望的粘附。涂覆在表面上的厚度d应该为0.2mm≤d≤2mm，最好是0.8mm≤d≤1.5mm。
用作喷镀丝的铠装线以一个为1m/s≤v≤15m/s、最好是6m/s≤v≤8m/s的送丝速度V向电弧输送，其中在喷镀丝之间应设定有一个为30V≤U≤50V、尤其是U≈40V的电压差U。为了熔化铝和硅应该在喷镀丝之间流动一个为200A≤I≤600A、尤其是250A≤I≤500A的电流I。
本发明的其它细节、特征和优点不仅可以参见权利要求书、从中看出的本身的特征和/或组合的特征，而且也可以参见以下对一种按附图优选出的实施例所做的说明。
在唯一的图中表示了一种用于将一种喷镀层涂覆到一个滑床板10形式的轨道零件上去的装置。在该滑床板10上对齐有一个装置12，在其中通过喷镀丝送丝机构14、16将喷镀丝18、20在滑床板10对面聚集。由于在喷镀丝18、20之间有为30V至50V、尤其是大约40V的电压V，所以就在喷镀丝18和20之间可以形成一个电弧22，以便使电弧材料熔化。这是因为在喷镀丝18、20之间由于有电压差形成一个电弧而实现的，该喷镀丝在喷涂部位22里由于它们不同的电位而具有一个阳极和阴极的功能。在这里电流I大小为200A至600A，结果是产生了大约为4000℃的温度，该温度就使喷镀丝实现所想要的熔化。同时在喷镀丝18、20之间经过一个通道24使气体流向电弧22，其压力最好为3至4巴，这样就生成一个喷射束26，它就沉降在滑床板10上作为薄层28。
为使薄层28在希望的范围里并且均匀地形成，装置12在箭头30的方向上，和/或滑床板10在箭头32的方向上以为600mm/s≤VG≤1300mm/s的所希望的速度VG相对移动。
对于喷镀丝18、20来说是指具有一种由铝制成的外壳的铠装线，该外壳装有粉末状的硅。同时调定铝和硅的比例，使喷涂射束26的成分是比例在3∶2和4∶1之间、尤其是3∶1的铝和硅。
这样薄层28就具有高的抗滑动磨损和磨蚀磨损能力以及也对大气电解质-如盐水或冷冻剂有高的抗腐蚀能力。另外在滑床板表面上有高的粘附强度。
铠装线或者说喷镀丝18、20通过推移机构14、16以尤其是30mm/s≤V≤100mm/s的速度向电弧22方向输送。

Claims (14)

1.借助于电弧喷镀对轨道构件的表面涂覆上一种含铝的薄层的方法，其特征在于，通过电弧喷镀在该表面上涂覆铝和硅，其比例为3∶2≤Al∶Si≤4∶1。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，涂覆的铝和硅的比例为Al∶Si≈3∶1。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，应用一种铠装线作为电弧喷镀法用的喷镀丝，所述铠装线具有一个铝制的外壳和由此外壳所装的粉末状的硅。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，熔化的铝和硅以高于大气压力的、2至4巴的输送压力涂覆到所述表面上。
5.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，表面上涂覆厚度为0.2mm≤d≤2mm、最好是0.8mm≤d≤1.5mm的薄层d。
6.按权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，铠装线作为喷镀丝以一个为1m/s≤V≤15m/s、最好为6m/s≤V≤8m/s的送丝速度向电弧方向输送。
7.按权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在喷镀丝之间设定一个为30V≤U≤50V、尤其是V≈40V的电压差U。
8.按权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，为使喷镀丝熔化在该喷镀丝之间流动一个为200A≤I≤600A、尤其是250A≤I≤500A的电流I
9.具有一种通过电弧喷镀的含铝的薄层(28)的、如道岔构件那样的轨道构件(10)，其特征在于，薄层(28)由比例为3∶2≤Al∶Si≤4∶1的铝和硅组成或者含有这些成分。
10.按权利要求9所述的轨道构件，其特征在于，所述轨道构件(10)是一个滑床板或者道岔锁闭件。
11.按权利要求9所述的轨道构件，其特征在于，由铝和硅以3∶1的比例组成的薄层涂覆在所述轨道构件(10)上。
12.按权利要求9所述的轨道构件，其特征在于，薄层(28)的厚度d为：0.2mm≤d≤2mm，最好为0.8mm≤d≤1.5mm。
13.按权利要求9所述的轨道构件，其特征在于，所述薄层(28)涂覆在一种高强度钢St52上。
14.按权利要求9所述的轨道构件，其特征在于，所述薄层(28)是单层的。
CNB038151774A 2002-06-27 2003-06-26 用于对轨道构件的一个表面进行涂层的方法以及轨道构件 Expired - Fee Related CN100343450C (zh)

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