CN1635996A - 含有4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的皮肤用局部药剂 - Google Patents

含有4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的皮肤用局部药剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1635996A
CN1635996A CNA018117813A CN01811781A CN1635996A CN 1635996 A CN1635996 A CN 1635996A CN A018117813 A CNA018117813 A CN A018117813A CN 01811781 A CN01811781 A CN 01811781A CN 1635996 A CN1635996 A CN 1635996A
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acid
extract
derivative
topical agent
glucopyranoside
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CNA018117813A
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CN1635996B (zh
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栗木隆
中江贵司
西村隆久
中山宏基
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Ezaki Glico Co Ltd
DSM IP Assets BV
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Pentapharm AG
Ezaki Glico Co Ltd
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  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明目的是提高皮肤增白作用和预防变黑作用,并提供安全和稳定的皮肤用外用制剂。为了达到该目的,可将4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与助剂联用,所述助剂例如:抗坏血酸及其衍生物、天然药物及其提取物、羟基羧酸及其盐、油溶性甘草提取物、龙胆提取物、酚衍生物及其盐、胎盘提取物、曲酸及其衍生物、氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物、壬二酸及其衍生物、视黄醇及其衍生物、吡哆素及其衍生物、生育酚及其衍生物、脱乙酰壳多糖及其分解产物、咖啡酸衍生物、羟基肉桂酸酯及其衍生物、繖形科植物提取物、菌丝体培养物及其提取物、植物叶及其提取物。

Description

含有4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄 糖苷的皮肤用局部药剂
                      技术领域
本发明涉及皮肤用的局部药剂,该组合物可使皮肤变白或预防皮肤变黑和预防或减少肝斑、雀斑等,并且该组合物在安全性和稳定性方面显示出所需的制剂特性。
                      发明背景
各种预防黑色素形成的药剂通常被用来使皮肤变白或预防其变黑和预防或减轻皮肤由于肝斑或过度暴露于UV射线所致的雀斑等皮肤问题。这些药剂包括1,4-二羟基苯、β-熊果苷、维生素C及其衍生物和曲酸。
然而,维生素C、1,4-二羟基苯和曲酸可因加热和在水中氧化而极不稳定。因此,加至用于皮肤的局部药剂中后,这些化合物会随着时间而分解并引起色泽改变。它们的衍生物,诸如葡萄糖与1,4-二羟基苯的羟基之一经β-结合而获得的磷酸-抗坏血酸镁和β-熊果苷,尽管在加热和氧化时比其母体化合物更稳定,但在功效方面并不令人满意。
为了克服这个难题,人们进行了许多发明并提交了专利申请,例如在化妆品中,除β-熊果苷之外,还含有具有皮肤增白作用的成分(例如UV吸收剂、抗炎剂、和胎盘提取物),由此获得了协同效应(例如,特开平5-186324专利公报);以及皮肤用的局部药剂,该药剂包含泛硫乙胺-S-磺酸及其盐,可防止随着时间而产生分解和着色(特开平5-58926专利公报)。然而,由于安全性和接触皮肤时感觉不佳等问题,这些物质并不能以达到临床显著协同效应所需的量大量加到化妆品中。
本发明人致力于寻找这样的物质:在皮肤的局部药剂中很稳定,并且比常规化合物安全和更有效。在研究过程中,我们发现4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷即是满足上述要求的物质,并就此申请了专利(特愿2000-43366)。然而,必须对此加以改进,才能使其功效达到预期的临床上明显增白效果。
一项专利(专利2662667)披露了用来经α-结合将糖传递至1,4-二羟基苯的苯酚基上的淀粉酶X-23。
                  本发明要解决的问题
如上所述,已进行的旨在提高皮肤增白作用的各种尝试均未得到满意的结果。本发明采用4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(即使单独使用时也表现出显著的皮肤增白作用),并加入用于提高或辅助其效力的其他物质,以生产了比常规产品更有效的皮肤用的局部药剂。
                    解决问题的方法
在致力于解决上述问题的研究中,本发明人发现将4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与特定成分(以下称“助剂”)的结合,能显著提高4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的效力,所述4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷即使单独使用也表现出比常规产品更强的皮肤增白作用,由此完成了本发明。
本发明涉及皮肤用的局部药剂,其特征在于包含4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和至少一种下述助剂:例如抗坏血酸及其衍生物,天然药物及其提取物,羟基羧酸及其盐,油溶性甘草提取物,黄龙胆提取物,苯酚衍生物及其盐,胎盘提取物,曲酸及其衍生物,葡萄糖胺及其衍生物,壬二酸及其衍生物,视黄醇及其衍生物、吡哆素及其衍生物,生育酚及其衍生物,烟酸维生素E,二氯乙酸二异丙胺,脱乙酰壳多糖及其分解产物,咖啡酸衍生物,羟基肉桂酸酯及其衍生物,繖形科植物提取物,菌丝体培养物及其提取物,植物叶及其提取物,植物皮及其提取物,扁柏酚,人参提取物,硫,天然糖提取物,糖蜜提取物,粘多糖,替普瑞酮,去甲二氢愈创木酸,UV吸收剂,γ-吡喃酮糖苷,羟基水杨酸糖苷,羟基水杨酸脂肪酯糖苷,联苯化合物,神经酰胺,具有神经酰胺样结构的物质,通式R31-O-(X-O)正-R32所示的醚化合物(其中R31-R32相同或不同,为具有1-12个碳原子的直链、支链或环烷基,X为具有1-12个碳原子亚烷基,n为0或1,R31、R32和X中的总(synthetic)碳原子数为10-32),泛酸及其衍生物,亚硫酸氢钠,抗炎剂,尿囊素及其衍生物,氨基酸及其衍生物,氨乙基化合物,亚烷基二胺羧酸衍生物,甜菜碱衍生物,酰甲基牛磺酸,纤维粘连蛋白,酪氨酸酶抑制剂,常春藤皂甙(hederacoside)及其盐,匙羹藤皂甙,beat皂甙及其盐,鞣花酸相关的化合物及其碱金属盐,和间苯二酚衍生物。本发明也涉及上述皮肤用的局部药剂,其特征在于4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷是用α-淀粉酶制得的,所述α-淀粉酶为淀粉酶X-23。
                    本发明实施方式
在本发明中,当至少一种助剂与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷结合并加到皮肤用的局部药剂中时,提高了4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的增白作用或稳定性。下面将描述这些示例助剂。
各种类型的抗坏血酸、L-抗坏血酸通称为维生素C,因其强烈的还原作用而具有促进细胞呼吸、酶促激活反应和胶原形成的作用,并能减少黑色素。抗坏血酸的衍生物包括:抗坏血酸单烷基酯(例如,抗坏血酸单硬脂酸酯、抗坏血酸单棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸单油酸酯),抗坏血酸单酯衍生物(例如,抗坏血酸单磷酸酯和抗坏血酸-2-硫酸),抗坏血酸二酯衍生物(例如,抗坏血酸二硬脂酸酯、抗坏血酸二棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸二油酸酯和抗坏血酸磷酸酯),抗坏血酸三烷基酯(例如,抗坏血酸三硬脂酸酯、抗坏血酸三棕榈酸酯和抗坏血酸三油酸酯),和抗坏血酸三酯衍生物(例如抗坏血酸三磷酸酯)。
这些成分以0.01w/w%或更多的量加至皮肤用的局部药剂中,即表现出功效。其含量的上限约为10%。
可用的天然药物包括下述物质及其能利用的提取物:桑树皮,芍药根,黄芩根,洋甘菊,日本当归根,迷迭香,老鹤草,紫草根,茶叶,葛根黄素根,丁香,甘草,biwa,苦橙皮,人参,sanzasi,沿阶草(ophiopogon)块茎,生姜,松球,木兰皮,黑儿茶,芦荟,药蜀葵,绣线菊,水芹,金鸡纳树皮,紫草科植物,东茛菪根茎,獐牙菜属草(swertia herb)和洋蓍草(千叶蕃(Achillea millefoliumLinne))(菊科(composi-tae))。在本发明中,所述天然药物及其提取物包括:通过粉碎(必要时,进行干燥)上述天然药物的全植物、根、叶、花、籽、等得到的细粉;将这些材料浸泡于水和/或有机溶剂中,并过滤残液得到的提取物;从这些提取物中除去溶剂而得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。
这些材料在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.01-10w/w%。
羟基羧酸包括羟基乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、水杨酸、甲羟戊酸和甲羟戊酸内酯。它们的盐包括金属(例如Na、K和Mg)盐,以及有机盐(例如三乙醇胺和2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇)。
这些成分在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.0001-5w/w%,优选为0.001-3w/w%。
用低级一元醇(例如甲醇和乙醇)和液态多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、和1,3-丁二醇),提取多年生豆科植物甘草(glycyrrhizaglabralinne),可得到油溶性甘草提取物。可采用任一制备方法,例如,使用各种适宜溶剂低温或室温或加热提取。优选地,按下述操作进行提取:用乙醇加热提取2-10小时;过滤;所得滤液放置2-3天并使其熟化(mature);和再过滤。必要时,可在加热提取后浓缩和干燥所得到的提取物。所得油溶性甘草提取物为具有特殊气味的褐色物。它们在许多情况下可以使用,但必要时可在不损害其功效的条件下进行除臭或脱色提纯处理。例如,提纯时可采用活性炭柱。可采用适于提取物的任何方法进行提纯。
所述提取物的含量为0.0001-5%w/w%,优选为0.001-3%w/w%,这取决于所用提取物的质量和其他因素。
用低级一元醇(例如甲醇和乙醇)和液态多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、和1,3-丁二醇)提取龙胆属植物的龙胆(gentiana litea linne(龙胆))的根和根茎,可以得到龙胆提取物。也可以使用任一制备方法,例如,用各种适宜溶剂低温或室温或加热下提取。优选地,按下述操作进行:用在水中50%的1,3-丁二醇加热提取2-10小时;过滤;所得滤液放置2-3天并使其熟化;再过滤。必要时可在加热提取后浓缩和干燥所得到的提取物。
所述提取物的含量为0.0001-5%w/w%,优选为0.001-3%w/w%,这取决于所用提取物的质量和其他因素。
酚衍生物及其盐包括:4-乙氧基酚,4-正-丙氧基酚,4-正-丁氧基酚,4-正-十六烷基氧酚,4-正-十八烷基氧酚,4-乙酚,4-正-丙基酚,4-正-丁基酚,4-叔-丁基酚,4-异丙基酚,4-十六烷基酚,4-十八烷基酚,4-异丙基儿茶酚monocutylester,和4-异丙基儿茶酚单十七酯。
酚衍生物在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-20%w/w%,优选为0.1-10%w/w%。
胎盘提取物包括:在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡人、猴、母牛、猪、绵羊、小鼠和其他动物的胎盘并过滤残渣得到的提取物;和从这些提取物中除去溶剂得到液体,这些含或不含溶剂的胎盘或上述提取物的粉末可经溶解、分散或稀释。具体地说,这些胎盘提取物为可商购的水溶性或油溶性胎盘提取物。
胎盘提取物在皮肤用局部药剂中的含量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
曲酸及其衍生物包括:单酯,例如曲酸、曲酸糖苷、曲酸单丁酸酯、曲酸单癸酸酯,曲酸单棕榈酸酯、曲酸单硬脂酸酯、曲酸单肉桂酸酯和曲酸单苯甲酸脂;以及二酯,例如曲酸二丁酸酯、曲酸二棕榈酸酯、曲酸二硬脂酸酯和曲酸二油酸酯。
曲酸及其衍生物在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-30w/w%,优选为0.01-10w/w%,和更优选为0.01-5w/w%。
氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物包括氨基葡萄糖、氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸、和氨基葡萄糖-6-硫酸。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
壬二酸及其衍生物包括壬二酸甘油酯和壬二酸。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
维生素A通常称为维生素A1,它可有效地维持皮肤和粘膜层的正常功能。其衍生物包括视黄醛和视黄酸。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
吡哆醇是具有维生素B6效应的物质,其衍生物包括:吡哆醛,吡哆胺,维生素B6 5’-磷酸酯,吡哆醛-5’-磷酸酯,吡哆胺-5’-磷酸酯,吡哆醛磷酸酯,和吡哆酸。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
生育酚是维生素E的一类衍生物,它可有效地预防和治疗角化过度症和其他疾病,包括预防和反转皮肤老化。其中包括α-生育酚、β-生育酚,γ-生育酚和β-生育酚。本发明也可采用其衍生物。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
α-生育酚衍生物包括α-视黄酸生育酚,它是维生素A酸酯。α-生育酚在此是指DL-α-生育酚、D-α-生育酚或包含D-α-生育酚的混合天然生育酚。维生素A酸是指视黄酸(全反式-视黄酸)、13-顺式-视黄酸、11-顺式-视黄酸、9-顺式-视黄酸或其混合的异构体。尤其优选DL-α-生育酚和全反式-视黄酸的酯。
烟酸维生素E和二氯乙酸二异丙胺可改善血流量、激活细胞、抑制UV射线导致的黑色素形成,并能促进黑色素的消除、预防表皮干燥、加速皮肤新陈代谢,和预防由于UV射线所致的皮肤老化。烟酸维生素E或二氯乙酸二异丙胺在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-5w/w%。
脱乙酰壳多糖由壳多糖的脱乙酰而获得,并具有β-1,4-聚氨基葡萄糖结构。用酶例如壳多糖酶处理脱乙酰壳多糖,可得到其分解产物,其中包含氨基葡萄糖及其低聚物。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
咖啡酸衍生物在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w。
羟基肉桂酸酯及其衍生物包括羟基肉桂酸(包括对-苦马酸和对-香豆酸)和咖啡酸。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
繖形科植物提取物包括:在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡繖形科植物的全植物、根、叶、花、种子等,并过滤残液得到的提取物,这些植物例如防风、北沙参(glehnia root)、羌活(Noto-pterygium incisiumTing)、蛇床根茎、兴安白芷、藁本、dokkatu、zenko和柴胡);和从提取物中除去溶剂得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。
繖形科植物提取物在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
菌丝体培养物是指在适宜培养基上培养的蕈(mushroom)和reisi的菌丝体,其中在液体培养情况下包括培养液本身,对于固体培养,包括必要时可在干燥后粉碎的菌丝体。菌丝体培养物的提取物包括在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡上述菌丝体培养物、菌丝体或其粉末,并过滤残液得到的提取物,和从该提取物中除去溶剂得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
植物叶包括植物(例如,苹果、日本马醉木,amasiba(日本名)和匙羹藤)的叶。必要时,可在干燥之后将叶粉碎。植物叶提取物包括在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡这些叶或其粉末,并过滤残渣得到的提取物,和从该提取物中除去溶剂得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w。
植物皮包括果树(例如苹果,樱桃,桃子和梨子)的树皮。必要时,可在干燥后将树皮粉碎。树皮提取物包括在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡树皮或其粉末并过滤残液得到的提取物,和从该提取物中除去溶剂得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
扁柏酚在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
人参提取物包括:在水和/或有机溶剂中浸泡人参或其粉末,并过滤残液得到的提取物,和从该提取物中除去溶剂得到的液体,这些含或不含溶剂的粉末产物或提取物可用适宜溶剂或溶解剂溶解、分散或稀释。这些提取物可商购。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
硫在皮肤用的局部药剂中用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
天然糖提取物为褐色的色素成分。干燥粉末具有吸湿性和轻微的糊香及轻微的苦味。其生产方法可参见特开昭60-78912专利公报中的描述。具体地说,将天然糖(红糖)或糖蜜(由红糖生产白糖过程中的副产品)溶于适量水中,并与吸附剂(例如非极性聚苯乙烯树脂吸附剂)接触吸附色素成分。用水洗涤吸附剂以彻底除去糖。用20%或更高浓度的含水醇洗脱吸附在吸附体上的色素成分。如果必要,在浓缩或冷冻干燥之后,  可将色素成分蒸发干燥而进行重结晶精制。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-10w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
糖蜜提取物的主要成分是低聚糖,将糖蜜浸泡于冷或热的低级醇中(例如甲醇和乙醇)并过滤,所得液体经浓缩和脱色即得。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-10w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
粘多糖具有皮肤增湿作用,其中包括透明质酸、软骨素-4-硫酸、软骨素-6-硫酸、硫酸皮肤素、肝素及其盐。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-10w/w,优选为0.01-5w/w%。
替普瑞酮(化学名为香叶基香叶基丙酮),能保护粘膜层并促进其修复,激活细胞生长,还可促进磷脂合成。替普瑞酮还能抑制酪氨酸酶,这种酶与引起肝斑、雀斑和黑皮的黑色素的生物合成有关(特开平6-16532专利公报)。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-20w/w%,优选为0.5-10w/w%和更优选为1.0-10w/w%。
已知用作抗氧化剂和脂氧合酶抑制剂的去甲二氢愈创木酸,可加到化妆品和药用产品中以防止氧化并稳定制剂。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-10w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
任何通常用于皮肤用的局部药剂中的UV吸收剂,均可在本发明中用作UV吸收剂。典型的UV吸收剂如下所示:
1)苯甲酸酯UV吸收剂
对氨基苯甲酸(PABA),PABA单甘油酯,N,N-二-(3-羟丙基)PABA乙酯,N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)PABA乙酯,N,N-二甲基PABA乙酯,N,N-二甲基PABA丁酯,N,N-二甲基PABA戊酯,和N,N-二甲基PABA辛酯。
2)邻氨基苯甲酸酯UV吸收剂
高薄荷基-正-乙酰邻氨基苯酸酯
3)水杨酸酯UV吸收剂
水杨酸戊酯,水杨酸甲酯,高薄荷基水杨酸酯,水杨辛酸酯,水杨酸苯酯,水杨酸苄酯,和4-异丙基水杨酸苯酯
4)肉桂酸酯UV吸收剂
肉桂酸辛酯,乙基-4-异丙基肉桂酸酯,甲基-2,5-二异丙基肉桂酸酯,乙基-2,4-二异丙基肉桂酸酯,甲基-2,4-二异丙基肉桂酸酯,丙基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,异丙基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,异戊基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,异丙基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,异戊基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,辛基-4-甲氧基-肉桂酸酯(2-乙基己基-4甲氧基肉桂酸酯),2-乙氧基乙基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,环己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,乙基-α-氰基-β-肉桂酸苯酯,2-乙基己基-α-氰基-β-肉桂酸苯酯,和甘油基单-2-乙基己醇-二(对甲氧基肉桂酸酯)
5)二苯酮UV吸收剂
2,4-二羟二苯酮,2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮,2,2’-二羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基二苯酮,2,2’-4,4’-四氢二苯酮,2-羟基-4-甲氧基-二苯酮,2-羟基-4-甲氧基4’-甲基二苯酮,2-羟基-4-甲氧基-二苯酮-5-磺酸酯,4-苯基二苯酮,2-乙基己基-4’-苯基二苯酮-2-羧酸酯,2-羟基-4-正-辛氧基二苯酮,和4-羟基-3-羧基二苯酮。
6)其他UV吸收剂
3-(4’-甲基亚苄基)-d,1-樟脑,3-亚苄基-d,1-樟脑,尿刊酸,尿刊酸乙酯,2-苯基-5-甲基苯并恶唑,2-(2’-羟基-5’-乙苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-5’-叔-丁苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲苯基)-苯并三唑,二苄连氮(dibenzalazine),二茴香酰基甲烷,4-甲氧基-4’-叔-丁基二苯甲酰甲烷,5-(3,3-二甲基-2-亚降冰片烷基(norbornylidene)-3-戊烷-2-酮。
UV吸收剂在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-10w/wt,优选为0.5-8w/w%。如果用量太小,则不能防止晒斑,并降低了4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的增白作用。如果用量太大,则可能影响皮肤用局部药剂的稳定性。
θ-吡喃酮糖苷可用来预防肝斑和由于日晒引起的雀斑。它是下式1所示的麦芽糖醇-3-O-(6’-O-apiocil)-糖苷或麦芽糖醇-3-O-糖苷。例如,可通过色谱法、HPLC、TLC等方法从葛根黄素提取物中收集。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.00001-2.5w/w%,优选为0.0001-1w/w%。
化学1
Figure A0181178100121
               通式1
在上面的通式中,R为氢原子或下列基团:
Figure A0181178100122
如通式2、3和4所示羟基水杨酸糖苷和羟基水杨酸脂肪酯糖苷与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷联用,显示出优良的协同增白作用。
在酸性催化剂存在下,羟基水杨酸或羟基水杨酸脂肪酯与乙酰化糖例如五乙酰基葡萄糖(或乙酰溴化糖,例如乙酰溴化葡萄糖)反应,可得到这些糖苷。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.1-7w/w%。
化学2
        通式2
Figure A0181178100132
        通式3
Figure A0181178100133
        通式4
在通式2-4中,R1为氢或具有1-20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烃基,其中R2为糖残基。
上述糖苷的示例如下所示。
3-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸,3-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸甲酯,3-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸乙酯,3-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸丙酯,3-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸异丙酯,4-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸,4-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸甲酯,4-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸乙酯,4-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸丙酯,4-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸异丙酯,5-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸,5-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸甲酯,5-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸乙酯,5-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸丙酯,5-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸异丙酯,6-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸,6-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸甲酯,6-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸乙酯,6-α-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸丙酯,6-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基水杨酸异丙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-3-对羟基苯甲酸,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-3-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-3-羟基苯甲酸乙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-3-羟基苯甲酸丙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-3-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-4-对羟基苯甲酸,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-4羟基苯甲酸丙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-5-对羟基苯甲酸,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-5-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-5-羟基苯甲酸乙酯,2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-5-羟基苯甲酸丙酯,和2-β-D-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基氧基-5-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯。
如通式5和6所示的联苯化合物可抑制酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素的形成。具体地说,联苯化合物包括脱氢甲氧甲酚、脱氢二丁子香酚和四氢木兰醇。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.0001-20w/w%,优选为0.001-5w/w%。
化学3
Figure A0181178100141
           通式5
Figure A0181178100151
         通式6
在通式5和6中,R3为CH3、C2H5、C3H7、CH2OH、C3H6OH、CH2CH=CH2,其中R4为氢或具有1-8个碳原子的饱和直链或支链烃基。
神经酰胺和具有神经酰胺样结构的物质可润湿、软化和增白皮肤,减轻炎症,抗氧化并可促进血流。神经酰胺如通式7所示,而具有神经酰胺样结构的物质如通式8、9、10、11和12所示。
可联用神经酰胺和具有神经酰胺样结构的物质(1个或更多的神经酰胺和/或具有神经酰胺样结构的物质的联用)。
在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-50w/w%,优选为0.01-20w/w%和更优选为0.1-10w/w%。这些物质表现出增湿作用并可防止和减轻皮肤粗糙,同时具有优良的稳定性和与皮肤接触后具有良好的感觉。
化学4
        通式7
Figure A0181178100162
        通式8
Figure A0181178100163
        通式9
Figure A0181178100164
        通式10
Figure A0181178100171
       通式11
Figure A0181178100172
       通式12
在通式7中,R5和R6相同或不同,为具有8-26个碳原子的羟基取代的直链或支链的饱和或不饱和烃基。
在通式8中,R7为具有10-26个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和或不饱和烃基的;R8为具有9-25个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和或不饱和烃基;Y和Z为氢或羟基;a为0或1;c为0-4的整数;和b和d为0-3的整数。
在通式9中,R9和R10相同或不同,为具有1-40个碳原子的直链或支链的、饱和或未饱和的、羟基化或非-羟基化的烃基;R11为具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链的亚烷基或单键;和R12为氢,或具有1-12个碳原子的直链或支链的烷氧基或2,3-二羟丙氧基。当R11为单键时,R12为氢。
在通式10中,R9a为羟基化或非羟基化的具有4-40个碳原子的烃基;R11a为具有3-6个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基;和R12a为具有1-12个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基。
在通式11中,R9、R10、R10a和R12a定义如上.
在通式12中,R9、R10和R11定义如上;和R12b为氢原子或具有1-12个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基或2,3-二羟丙氧基。当R11为单键时,R12b为氢原子。
R21-O-(X-O)正-R22通式所示的醚化合物能增加本发明皮肤用局部药剂的经皮吸收而不刺激皮肤。
在该通式中,R21-R22可以相同或不同,为具有1-12、优选为2-22和更优选为3-20个碳原子的直链、支链或环烷基。优选地,R21和/或R22在2或更多位置(优选在2位)上支链化。具体地说,包括下述基团:甲基,丁基,正-丁基,正-癸基,正-十二烷基,正-十四烷基,正-十八烷基,正-二十烷基,正-二十四烷基,1-甲基丙基,3-甲基己基,2-甲基十七烷基,1,3-二甲基丁基,1,3-二甲基戊基,和环戊基。
X为具有1-12、优选为1-8个碳原子的亚烷基,具体地说,是亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丁基等。
R21-R22中的总碳原子数必须为10-32,优选为12-28。n为0或1,优选为0。
可按已知方法生产这些醚化合物,例如,对相应的醇和烷基卤化物直接醚化,在Lewis酸催化剂存在下对相应的醇和烯烃进行加成或在碱性催化剂存在下对相应的醇和烷基卤化物进行加成得到还原的芳醚,并且对从相应的醇和醛或酮制得的醛缩醇或酮缩醇进行还原。
在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-50w/w%,优选为0.01-20w/w%和更优选为0.1-10w/w%。
泛酸为维生素B,它不仅表现出皮肤增白效力而且能提高皮肤用局部药剂中4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的稳定性。其衍生物包括泛硫乙胺-S-磺酸、4’-磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺-S-磺酸、双泛酰硫乙胺、和葡糖醛酸吡喃糖基泛酸盐。这些化合物能以游离酸和其盐的形式应用。其中盐包括有机和无机酸盐,但优选为碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如,d-泛酰巯基乙胺-s-磺酸钙。
在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。可调节其用量,使4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与泛酸和/或其衍生物重量之比不小于1∶0.1,优选为1∶0.1-10和更优选为1∶0.5-5。
亚硫酸氢钠已知能增加皮肤用局部药剂中β-熊果苷的稳定性(专利2107858)。亚硫酸氢钠还可增加皮肤用局部药剂中4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的稳定性。
调节用量,使4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与亚硫酸氢钠的比例(重量)为1∶0.0001-1,优选为1∶0.001-0.1。
抗炎剂用来防止炎症以及因本发明中某些助剂可能导致的不利反应。可采用适于皮肤用的任何抗炎剂,例如,羟苯甲酮,氨甲环酸及其衍生物,ε-氨基己酸,甘草酸,甘葡环烃,致敏剂No.301,致敏剂No.401,盐酸苯海拉明,磷酸腺苷,炉甘石,紫草根提取物,艾类植物提取物,sarguisorba提取物,氨基己酸和没药醇。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-2w/w%,优选为0.1-2w/w%。
尿囊素可用来治疗各种皮肤疾病,并可有效地治疗皮肤创伤和预防皮肤粗糙。其衍生物包括尿囊酸二羟铝和尿囊酸氯羟铝。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%。
氨基酸可用于老化或硬化表皮的再水合。可以采用中性氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸,丝氨酸,胱氨酸,丙氨酸,苏氨酸,半胱氨酸,缬氨酸,苯丙氨酸,蛋氨酸,亮氨酸,酪氨酸,脯氨酸,异亮氨酸和羟脯氨酸);酸性氨基酸(例如,天冬氨酸,天冬酰胺,谷酰胺和谷氨酸);和碱性氨基酸(精氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸)。氨基酸衍生物包括:酰基肌氨酸及其盐,酰基谷氨酸及其盐,酰基-(3-丙氨酸及其盐,谷胱甘肽,和吡咯烷酮羧酸及其盐,以及寡肽例如盐酸谷氨酸、肌肽、短杆菌肽S、短杆菌肽A和短杆菌肽B,γ-氨酪酸和γ-氨基-β-羟丁酸及其盐。
在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-20w/w%,优选为0.05-10w/w%。如果用量太小,则对皮肤增湿的效力不充分。如果用量太大,既不能提高其有益效果,同时也更难防止氨基酸的变化。
式NH2CH2CH2X(其中X为-SO2H或SO2SH)所示的氨乙基化合物,可用来预防和减轻皮肤粗糙并缓解subduedness。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.0001-1.0w/w%,优选为0.001-0.3w/w%。
烷撑二胺羧酸衍生物可用来增加皮肤用局部药剂的稳定性。优选乙二胺四乙酸及其碱金属盐(例如Na、K和Li盐)、碱土金属盐(例如Ca和Mg)、铵盐、和烷醇盐,最优选为Na盐。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-0.5w/w%,优选为0.05-0.5w/w%。
甜菜碱衍生物用来增加4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的经皮吸收,通式13所示的烷基二甲基氨基酸、通式14所示的2-烷基-1-羧基-甲基-1-羟乙基-2-咪唑啉、通式15所示的正-(3-酰氨基丙基)-N,N-二甲氨基醋酸酯、和通式16所示的正-烷基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基-2-羟丙烷磺酸即具有这种作用。
通式17所示的酰甲基牛磺酸也可用于增加4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的经皮吸收。
化学5
      通式13
      通式14
      通式15
Figure A0181178100213
      通式16
      通式17
在通式13、14、15、16和17中,R13和R16为具有8-24个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;R14、R15和R17为具有7-23个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;M为一价或二价的金属、铵、烷醇胺或氢。
甜菜碱衍生物与酰甲基牛磺酸在皮肤用局部药剂中的联合用量为0.01-30w/w%,优选为0.1-20w/w%。
纤维粘连蛋白(冷凝球蛋白)可提高本发明4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的增白作用。在皮肤用局部药剂中的适当用量是0.000001-0.1w/w%。
向本发明的皮肤用局部药剂中加入酪氨酸酶抑制剂,它可以协同作用的方式提高4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性或者提供更强的抗酪氨酸酶效力。为了得到酪氨酸酶抑制剂,将Catharanthus roseus L.细胞(细胞或剥离组织,例如根、胚轴,和幼嫩植物和根、茎、梗、花的子叶,和成熟植物的花粉)置于培养基中培养,该培养基中加入了含有植物激素(例如茁长素和细菌叶绿素(cytokinin))的植物生长控制剂,以诱发愈合组织(callus)或用根癌农杆菌或毛根农杆菌产生肿瘤组织。该愈合组织或肿瘤组织用含4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的培养基培养,所述培养基例如:Murashige-Skoog培养基、Linsmaier-Skoog培养基、White培养基、Gamborg培养基、Nitsch培养基、Heller培养基、Schenk-Hildebrandt培养基、Nitzsch-Nitzsch培养基和Kohlenbach-Schmidt培养基,并将所得培养物匀化。匀化所得的透明流体直接或在干燥后用作酪氨酸酶抑制剂。调整其含量,以获得适宜的抗酪氨酸酶活性。
常春藤苷与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷以一种协同作用方式,提高了本发明皮肤用局部药剂的增白作用。常春藤苷是从Sapindusmukorossi Gaertn或Akebia quinata Decne提取物中获得的三萜皂苷。其盐包括碱金属盐(例如Na和K盐)、铵盐、碱性氨基酸盐、烷醇胺盐和酯。这些提取物可直接使用。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
匙羹藤皂甙与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷以一种协同作用方式,提高了本发明皮肤用局部药剂的增白作用。匙羹藤皂甙为gymnemainodrum或gymnema sylvestre R.Br提取物中得到的三萜皂甙。其盐包括碱金属盐(例如Na和K盐)、铵盐、碱性氨基酸盐、烷醇胺盐和酯。这些提取物可直接使用。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
Beat皂甙与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷以一种协同作用方式,提高了本发明皮肤用局部药剂的增白作用。Beat皂甙是从beat提取物中得到的齐墩果酸糖苷。其盐包括碱金属盐(例如Na和K盐)、铵盐、碱性氨基酸盐、烷醇胺盐和酯。这些提取物可直接使用。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-20w/w%,优选为0.1-5w/w%。
加入通式18所示的鞣花酸相关化合物,可改善本发明皮肤用局部药剂的稳定性。鞣花酸相关化合物的碱金属盐包括Na和K盐。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.001-30w/w%,优选为0.05-10w/w%。
化学6
     通式18
在通式18中,R18、R19、R20和R21为氢,或具有1-20个碳原子的烷基(例如甲基、乙基和丙基),或具有1-20个碳原子的酰基(例如乙酰基和丙酰基基团),或式-(CmH2m-O)nH所示的聚氧化烯基(其中m为2或3,n为1或更大的整数,优选为4-50)(例如聚氧乙烯基团和聚氧丙烯基团),或通式19所示的糖残基。R18、R19、R20和R21可以相同或不同。R22为氢、羟基或具有1-8个碳原子的烷氧基。
化学7
Figure A0181178100241
        通式19
鞣花酸相关的化合物及其碱金属盐的示例包括:鞣花酸,3,4-二-O-甲基鞣花酸,3,3’-二-O-甲基鞣花酸,3,3’,4-三-O-甲基鞣花酸,3,3’,4,4’-四-O-甲基-5-甲氧基鞣花酸,3-O-乙基-4-O-甲基-5-羟基鞣花酸和生长苷(amritoside),及其碱金属盐。
这些鞣花酸相关的化合物可以从天然来源得到,例如草莓,Caesalupinia spinosa,桉属植物,苹果,马桑属山茶,辐射松(pinusradiata),熊果,石榴,余甘子,乌桕叶,盐肤木叶,儿茶,化香树叶,诃子(Terminalia chebula),喜树,拳参,Lagerstroemiasubcostata,山乌柏根,山乌柏叶,球枫(Bischofia javanica),千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria L.),Geranium pratense L.,飞扬草(Euphorbia hirta L.),柠檬桉叶,Euphorbia royleana,番石榴果,番石榴皮,芒果,没食子,蒲桃果,蒲桃皮,余甘子根,余甘子皮,余甘子叶,仙鹤草根,番石榴叶,乌柏根皮,SHIDOKON(中药名),CHINSYUSO(中药名)和老鹳草。
雷锁辛衍生物具有增加血流量和细胞激活的作用。它们可抑制因UV射线导致的黑色素形成并可促进黑色素的消除。它们还可防止表皮干燥,能促进皮肤新陈代谢,并防止皮肤因UV射线而产生的老化。
具体地说,雷锁辛衍生物包括4-正-乙基雷琐辛、4-正-丁基雷琐辛、4-正-己基雷琐辛和4-异戊基雷琐辛。在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.0001-20w/w%,优选为0.01-10w/w%。
除非另有所指,上述所有助剂在与4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷同时使用时,均能提高本发明皮肤用局部药剂的增白作用。其中一些助剂中还能增加该局部药剂的稳定性和/或安全性。
在局部药剂中,所示用量范围内的上述助剂与4-羟基-苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷同使用时,对4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷均无影响。它们能长期保持稳定并显示优良的增白作用。根据预期作用的程度,可增减其用量。每一助剂均能单独使用,或者与一种或更多的其他助剂联用。
下面将更为详细地说明本发明所用的4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
D-葡萄糖与1,4-二羟基苯的苯酚经α-结合,可得到4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。D-葡萄糖与1,4-二羟基苯羟基经β-结合,可得到皮肤增白作用的β-熊果苷,它通常用于皮肤用的局部药剂中。当施用于皮肤上时,4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷比β-熊果苷更有效,而且更稳定和更安全。
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-30w/w%,优选为0.05-20w/w%和更优选为0.1-10w/w%。
可通过化学方法制备4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,但也可通过使用细菌衍生的酶将1,4-二羟基苯转化成糖苷。例如,以蔗糖作为糖原料物质,以肠系膜状明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenterioides)来源的蔗糖磷酸化酶作为酶,即可获得该物质。
以可溶性淀粉作为糖原料物质,和以枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)来源的α-淀粉酶作为酶,也可获得4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。通过使用淀粉酶X-23,该方法能够以工业化规模有效地制备4-羟基-苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
下面将简述如何采用淀粉酶X-23(来源于枯草芽胞杆菌的淀粉酶)获得本发明所用的4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。在苯酚相关化合物和具有α-1,4键的葡聚糖存在下,淀粉酶X-23以α-1,4键分解葡聚糖,并通过α-结合将糖传递至苯酚相关化合物的OH基上。糖传递的最佳pH值为5-8。在pH5.5和30-70℃下,能以稳定的方式完成糖的传递。专利No.2662667专利公报有更详细的描述。
必要时,可向本发明皮肤用的局部药剂中加入通常用于生产皮肤用局部药剂(包括化妆品和药物)的其他成分。这些成分包括:油类,抗氧剂,表面活性去垢剂,增湿剂,湿润剂,芳香剂,水,醇,粘性剂,防腐化剂,着色剂,粉剂,药物,螫合剂,和pH调节剂。这些成分的加入量不应对本发明皮肤用的局部药剂产生质地和数量上的影响。
本发明皮肤用的局部药剂可制成任何剂型,包括溶液(例如盥洗用洗液)、乳化制剂(例如乳状液体和乳膏)、软膏、粘性凝胶、分散体和粉剂。
当制备洗液、乳状液和粘性凝胶形式的本发明皮肤用局部药剂时,低级醇(例如乙醇和异丙醇)与下述水溶性粘性剂组合,可获得更大功效:植物来源的高分子(例如,阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、半乳聚糖、瓜豆胶、角叉菜胶、果胶、温悖籽(marmelo)提取物和褐藻粉),微生物来源的高分子(例如,黄原胶、右旋糖酐和pllulan),动物来源的高分子(例如,胶原、酪蛋白、白蛋白和明胶),淀粉(例如,羧甲基淀粉和甲基羟淀粉),纤维素(例如,甲基纤维素、硝酸纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、硫酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、纤维素粉末),乙烯基高分子(聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯甲基醚、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羧基乙烯聚合物),丙烯高分子(例如,聚丙烯酸及其盐和聚丙烯酰胺),有机粘性剂(例如,甘氨酸和海藻酸),和无机粘性剂(例如,膨润土、hectolite、labonite、硅酸铝镁和硅酐)。
水溶性粘性剂在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.01-5w/w%,优选为0.1-3w/w%,而低级醇在皮肤用局部药剂中的用量为0.3-35w/w%。可按需要将4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与低级醇(重量)比例调节为3∶1-1∶3。
                       实施例
下列所有实施例中使用的4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷是在1,4-二羟基苯和麦芽戊糖存在下用淀粉酶X-23反应获得的。所有含量以w/w%表示。
                实施例1:盥洗用洗液
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制盥洗用洗液。
丙二醇                                5.0
乙醇                                  14.0
POE(20)油醚                           0.5
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷            0.5
2-羟基-4-甲氧二苯甲酮-5-磺酸钠        0.1
羟苯甲酸甲酯                          0.1
枸橼酸                                0.01
枸橼酸钠                              0.1
春黄菊提取物                          2.0
水溶性胎盘提取物                      2.0
透明质酸钠                            0.3
香料                                  0.05
离子交换水                            余量
            实施例2:乳状液
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制乳状液。
硬脂酸酯                              3
鲸蜡醇                                2
矿脂                                  5
液体石蜡                              10
聚氧乙烯(10)单油酸酯                  2
聚乙二醇1500                          3
三乙醇胺                              1
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷            5
泛硫乙胺-S-磺酸钠                     10
N’正-二甲基PABA辛酯                  5.0
对甲氧酚                              0.01
亚硫酸氢钠                            1.0
壬二酸                                0.2
吡哆素                                0.2
离子交换水                            余量
香料                                  适量
防腐剂                                适量
            实施例3:乳膏
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制乳膏。
丙二醇                                5.0
黄蜂蜡                                4.0
鲸蜡醇                                5.0
还原的重质羊毛脂                      5.0
角鲨烯                                36.0
甘油单硬脂酸酯                        2.0
POE(20)脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯           2.0
羟苯甲酸甲酯                          0.1
羟苯甲酸乙酯                          0.15
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷            1.0
尿囊素                                3.0
日本当归根提取物                      0.2
天然糖提取物                          1.0
替普瑞酮                              1.0
曲酸                                  1.0
香料                                  0.1
离子交换水                            余量
                    实施例4:发膏
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制发膏(pack)产品。
聚乙烯醇                              16.0
聚乙二醇                              4.0
丙二醇                                7.0
乙醇                                  11.0
羟苯甲酸甲酯                          0.1
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷            7.0
二羟铝尿囊酸                          3.0
抗坏血酸                              1.0
去甲二氢愈创木酸                      5.0
枸橼酸                                0.3
枸橼酸钠                              0.7
香料                                  0.1
离子交换水                            余量
实施例5:头皮处理(头皮处理用的盥洗用洗液)
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制头皮处理用的盥洗用洗液。
1,3-丁二醇                           6.0
聚乙二醇                                  4.0
乙醇                                      11.0
POE(60)氢化蓖麻油                         2.0
氢氧化钾                                  0.05
羧基乙烯聚合物                            0.2
2-棕榈酸己癸酯                            11.0
角鲨烯                                    5.0
黄蜂蜡                                    0.5
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷                10.0
尿囊素                                    4.0
防腐剂                                    0.2
香料                                      0.1
离子交换水                                余量
              实施例6:软膏
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制软膏。
矿脂                                      40.0
硬脂醇                                    15.0
日本蜡                                    15.0
POE(10)油酸酯                             0.25
甘油单硬脂酸酯                            0.25
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷                6.0
尿囊素                                    1.0
山梨醇                                    5.0
丙二醇                                    5.0
龙胆提取物                                0.3
离子交换水                                余量
                 实施例7:粉剂
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制粉剂。
氨甲环酸                               0.1
炉甘石                                 0.1
硫                                     0.1
油溶性甘草提取物                       1.0
糊精                                   2.0
滑石粉                                 95
十聚甘油硬脂酸酯                       1.0
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷             0.7
            实施例8:盥洗用油
按下面的配方,采用常规方法配制盥洗用油。
生育酚                                 0.2
4-羟肉桂酸酯                           0.2
尿囊素                                 0.5
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯                       0.2
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷             1.0
醋酸维生素A                            0.3
月见草油                               2.0
油溶性甘草提取物                       1.0
角鲨烯                                 余量
实施例1-8制得的所有皮肤用局部药剂均显示出良好的皮肤增白作用,仅伴有轻微的皮肤刺激和致敏作用。长时间保存也显示了优良的稳定性。
                       试验1
用按实施例3处方配制的乳膏进行了临床试验,其中4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷用量由1.0w/w%变至0.5w/w%,并按实施例3处方配制的对照乳膏,其中用β-熊果苷代替4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
一共有12名志愿者(6男和6女,年龄在25-55岁之间)。将本发明乳膏施用于6名志愿者(3男和3女)右上臂的居中位置。含β-熊果苷的对照乳膏施用于其余志愿者。每天3次施用(间隔8小时),连续7天。在施用的第1天起,将施用部位暴露于1MED(最低红斑量)UV射线的UVB光源下(每天3次)。在第一轮试验完成30天之后,将不同组的志愿者间进行交换,以同样的方式在志愿者右上臂居中的其他部位重复该试验。实验采用双盲设计。
在UV射线照射14天之后,肉眼比较皮肤变黑的程度,以评估防止皮肤变黑的效力。所述效力分为下述5个等级:非常有效、有效、略为有效、无效和加重。
结果如表1所示。
                         表1
                        对照               本发明乳膏
非常有效                1(8.3%)           3(25.0%)
有效                    3(25.0%)          6(25.0%)
略为有效                5(41.0%)          2(16.7%)
无效                    3(25.0%)          1(8.3%)
加重                    0                  0
与对照乳膏(其中β-熊果苷的含量是本发明乳膏中4-羟基-苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的2倍)相比,本发明乳膏在预防皮肤变黑方面更有效,并且未可观察到不良反应。这表明本发明乳膏是优良的产品。
                       本发明的效果
4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷与各种助剂联用所产生的协同作用,使本发明的皮肤用局部药剂提高了4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(即使单独使用也是安全、稳定的并表现出良好的皮肤增白作用)的效力。因此,本发明的皮肤用局部药剂表现出显著的皮肤增白作用和预防变黑作用,并有效地预防和减少肝斑和雀斑。本发明的皮肤用局部药剂安全且稳定,非常适于用作化妆品和治疗剂。

Claims (3)

1.皮肤用的局部药剂,其特征在于包含4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和至少一种下述物质:抗坏血酸及其衍生物,天然药物及其提取物,羟基羧酸及其盐,油溶性甘草提取物,龙胆提取物,酚衍生物及其盐,胎盘提取物,曲酸及其衍生物,氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物,壬二酸及其衍生物,视黄醇及其衍生物、吡哆素及其衍生物,生育酚及其衍生物,烟酸维生素E,二氯乙酸二异丙胺,脱乙酰壳多糖及其分解产物,咖啡酸衍生物,羟基肉桂酸酯及其衍生物,繖形科植物提取物,菌丝体培养物及其提取物,植物叶及其提取物,植物皮及其提取物,扁柏酚,人参提取物,硫,天然糖提取物,糖蜜提取物,粘多糖,替普瑞酮,去甲二氢愈创木酸,UV吸收剂,γ-吡喃酮糖苷,羟基水杨酸糖苷,羟基水杨酸脂肪酯糖苷,联苯化合物,神经酰胺,具有神经酰胺样结构的物质,通式R31-O-(X-O)正-R32所示的醚化合物(其中R31-R32相同或不同,为具有1-12个碳原子的直链、支链或环烷基,X为具有1-12个碳原子亚烷基,n为0或1,R31、R32和X中的总碳原子数为10-32),泛酸及其衍生物,亚硫酸氢钠,抗炎剂,尿囊素及其衍生物,氨基酸及其衍生物,氨乙基化合物,亚烷基二胺羧酸衍生物,甜菜碱衍生物,酰甲基牛磺酸,纤维粘连蛋白,酪氨酸酶抑制剂,常春藤皂甙及其盐,匙羹藤皂甙,beat皂甙及其盐,鞣花酸相关的化合物及其碱金属盐,和雷锁辛衍生物。
2.如权利要求1的皮肤用局部药剂,其特征在于4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷是用α-淀粉酶制得的。
3.如权利要求2的皮肤用局部药剂,其特征在于所述α-淀粉酶是淀粉酶X-23。
CN018117813A 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 含有4-羟苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的皮肤用局部药剂 Expired - Lifetime CN1635996B (zh)

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