CN1605455A - 通过激光束来连接构件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

通过激光束来连接构件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1605455A
CN1605455A CNA2004100951060A CN200410095106A CN1605455A CN 1605455 A CN1605455 A CN 1605455A CN A2004100951060 A CNA2004100951060 A CN A2004100951060A CN 200410095106 A CN200410095106 A CN 200410095106A CN 1605455 A CN1605455 A CN 1605455A
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laser beam
clamping element
directed
lighting apparatus
weld
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J·-W·陈
C·莱斯特
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Leste Processing Tech AG
Leister Process Technologies
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Leste Processing Tech AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/10—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
    • B23K26/282—Seam welding of curved planar seams of tube sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81268—Reflective to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026—Transparent
    • B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种根据透射焊接方法借助激光束来连接构件、尤其是连接塑料构件的方法和装置。在构件较大时为了使激光束同时到达接合区域中，因此设置了夹紧件，该夹紧件具有把激光束引导到接合处中的装置。此外，设置了一个适合于构件形状的夹紧件，该夹紧件可以透射激光束，通过该夹紧件把这些构件挤压一起，并且将激光束传送到接合区域中。首先，在进行同时焊接时，扫描方法绝对适合于所有可能的构件。该方法也可以用来焊接电子构件中的连接处。

Description

通过激光束来连接构件的方法和装置
技术领域
通过激光束来连接构件、尤其是连接塑料构件或者焊接电子构件的线路的方法，产生一个激光束，相应地，借助照明设备基本上把连接外形同时引导到要连接的位置上。此外，本发明还涉及一种借助激光源、照明设备及压缩装置通过激光束来连接构件、尤其是连接塑料构件的装置，其中该照明设备形成激光束，并且基本上同时有针对性地把激光束引导到要连接的位置上，该压缩装置用于至少位于要焊接的区域内的构件中。
背景技术
尤其根据透射焊接方法借助IR区域中的激光束来连接塑料构件通常是公知的。构件以这样的方式相互连接起来，以致朝向激光源的、激光束能够透射的第一零件布置在吸收激光束的构件上。在接触表面上使吸收激光束的构件变热，因此两个构件(在这两个构件中产生热的地方)被熔化并且在同时使用压力的情况下连接起来。而且，下面这些也是公知的，借助扫描器使点形激光束运动到相互要连接起来的构件的一定区域中。常常最方便地通过一个运动的扫描镜来实现这个。在足够快地运动时，在希望的区域内可以几乎同时连接这些构件。可以使激光束产生相应的焊接线性外形，因此，不是一个点式加热，而是沿着一条线或者一个表面来进行加热，并且同时焊接这些区域。尤其出于生产技术的原因，考虑到焊接所需要的时间，这是重要的。这里尤其有利的是，只借助一个激光源就可以实现充分的焊接。在说明中，激光束形成和引导用照明设备来标记。它具有用来形成束和进行运动的合适的公知光学系统。
这个方法中的问题是，如果把体积大的零件或者复杂的零件相互焊接起来，例如具有一个对于焊接来说过大的法兰，沿着该法兰把两个构件相互焊接起来。在这种扫描系统中，激光束不是全部尽可能垂直地撞击在要连接的构件上或者这些要连接的位置位于束阴影中，因为激光束总是偏离一个点。
在焊接较大电构件的接合处时也产生了相应的问题，其中激光束不能直接到达该接合处。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种可能性，借此根据辐射角来补偿阴影影响，以扩大扫描处理的使用范围。
根据本发明，这个目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法和具有装置的独立权利要求的特征的装置来实现。其它的有利布置描述在相应的后面从属权利要求中。
根据本发明，这个通过下面这些来实现，在照明装置和构件之间设置一个辅助偏转装置，并且把偏离偏转装置上的照明装置的激光束引导到构件中的位置上，而这些位置不能直接从照明设备到达。因此，减少了阴影影响，并且得到较好的角度从而以尽可能小的能量来进行加热。这种偏转可以通过反射的、基本上固定的表面或者例如通过本身运动的镜子、微光学构件、微光学结构箔来实现。这个在压缩装置中可以形成一体或者也可以布置在这个的外部中。
根据优选布置，激光束通过形成为构件类的偏转装置引导到要连接起来的位置上。这个相应地形成相互要连接起来的构件的形状并且适合于该形状，因此尽可能总是优选为同时为所有加热位置充分地提供能量。
优选的是，激光束、尤其用来焊接塑料的激光束通过一个成一体地形成在压缩装置中的偏转装置引导到要焊接的位置上。它可以是反射的、固定的表面或者本身运动的镜子。优选的是，激光束通过朝向这些激光源中的一个的、布置在压缩装置中的第一夹紧元件的偏转装置引导到要连接起来的位置上，尤其优选的是，激光束通过在布置在夹紧元件中的、激光束能够透射的夹紧件来引导。该夹紧件同时有利于把压紧力施加到相互要连接起来的构件上，夹紧件形成构件类，其中一个构件具有相应的内部中空室，该构件安装在该中空室中的合适位置上。此外，提供了用来施加压力的作用面。
在夹紧装置中，反射表面相对于构件的倾斜被调整，夹紧装置中的这种倾斜角可以可变地调整。优选的是，第一夹紧件形成为夹紧框，该夹紧框把能够透射激光束的夹紧件压紧在一个朝向激光束的构件上。在这种情况下，有效的是，通过防反射的表面盖住朝向激光源的侧部，以尽可能地接受所有撞击激光束。此外，有效的是，夹紧件的侧壁设置有反射表面，因此通过朝向照明设备侧部进入的激光束不是从侧部出来，并且在表面上直接反射到要焊接的位置上。夹紧件的外部形状形成圆形，因此可以实现光学辐射。根据构件的布置，例如它也可以采用正方形。石英玻璃和透射的塑料可以用作夹紧件的材料。至少夹紧件和夹紧框(如果有的话)被精确地调整到焊接和构件的要求，并且例如借助CAD系统相应地形成或者构成。对于大量生产而言，适合节省额外费用，因为这种扫描方法、尤其是进行同时焊接的这种扫描方法绝对可以用于所有可能的构件中。
附图说明
下面借助实施例来更加详细地描述本发明。其中：
图1是压缩装置中的结构的断面图；及
图2是具有另一种布置的反射表面的原理图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，通过绕着轴可以旋转的第一扫描镜1和绕着轴可以旋转的第二扫描镜2，把呈合适形状的(在这个例子中呈圆形)、照到这些扫描镜1、2上的激光束3(一起形成照明设备)引到沿着相互连接起来的构件7和8的方向上。构件7和8被保持在夹紧装置中，该夹紧装置包括一个呈金属夹紧框4形状的上部保持元件和一个下部保持盘11。金属夹紧框4保持住一个激光束能够透射的夹紧件5，该夹紧件5相应地形成上部构件7的结构。此外，它具有一个合适的容纳空腔13，构件7在该空腔13中找到位置并且如此形成，以致它本身支撑在法兰14上。相应地，下部构件8在这个实施例中具有一个辅助法兰15。接合平面9设置在这些法兰之间，因此一个环绕圆周的接合缝10可以通过激光束3来形成。此外，激光束3通过设置有抗反射层12的、夹紧件5的上表面到达形成在夹紧件5外部上的成镜面6，该成镜面尽可能没有损失地把入射激光束反射到接合缝10中。位于夹紧件5中的、设置有成镜面6的区域依赖几何情况而具有合适的倾斜。因此，激光束3同时以足够的强度到达要焊接的位置，因此通过一个照明设备可以实现快速焊接。
在这个实施例中，鉴于激光束的作用区域，至少夹紧件5形成为圆形。
夹紧件5的制造例如可以通过CAD系统与构件7和8的设计尺寸一起来模拟和限定出扫描器参数和所希望的入射辐射角。
图2示出了另一个反射表面的斜率，该区域布置在压缩装置中，从而例如焊接软管。

Claims (13)

1.一种借助激光束来连接构件、尤其是连接塑料构件的方法，在这一方法中，形成激光束，并根据连接外形将激光束由照明设备(1、2)基本上同时引导到要焊接的位置(10)上，其特征在于，在照明设备(1、2)和构件(7、8)之间设置一个辅助偏转装置(6)，并且把从照明设备(1、2)偏转到偏转装置(6)上的激光束引导到构件(7、8)中的位置(10)上，而这些位置不能直接从照明设备(1、2)到达。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束通过形成为构件类的偏转装置(6)引导到要连接起来的位置上。
3.如权利要求1或者2所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束通过一个成一体地形成在压缩装置(16)中的偏转装置(6)引导到要焊接的位置(10)上。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束通过布置在朝向这些激光源中的一个的第一偏转装置(6)中的、压缩装置(16)的夹紧元件(4)引导到要连接起来的位置(10)上。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束(3)借助位于夹紧元件(4)中的、固定的或者运动的反射表面(6)来引导。
6.如权利要求4或者5所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束(3)通过布置在夹紧元件(4)中的、能够透射激光波长的夹紧件(5)来引导。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，夹紧件(5)相应地适合于要焊接的构件(7、8)的形状、尤其适合于朝向激光源的构件(7)的形状。
8.如前述权利要求任一所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束(3)同时被引导到所有要焊接的位置(10)上。
9.一种用来连接构件(7、8)、尤其是连接塑料构件的装置，激光束借助激光源和照明设备(1、2)来形成，基本上同时把激光束(3)很好对准地引导到要连接起来的位置(10)上，构件(7、8)的压缩装置(16)至少位于要焊接的区域中，其特征在于，装置(6)布置在压缩装置(16)中，该装置(6)把来自照明设备(1、2)的激光束(3)引导到从照明设备直接来的激光束(3)不能进入的、要焊接的位置(10)上。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，引导激光束的装置(6)布置在朝向激光源的、压缩装置(16)的第一夹紧件(4)中，通过该夹紧件与第二夹紧件(11)一起，使位于它们之间的构件(7、8)压紧在一起。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，第一夹紧件(4)具有反射表面(6)，该反射表面的倾斜角适合于相互要连接起来的构件(7、8)。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，第一夹紧件(4)形成为夹紧框，该夹紧框把能够透射激光束的夹紧件(5)压紧在构件(7)上。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，朝向激光源的、夹紧件(5)的侧部设置有防反射的层(12)。
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