CN1616218A - 用于通过激光射线加热塑料的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于通过激光射线加热塑料的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1616218A
CN1616218A CNA2004100869456A CN200410086945A CN1616218A CN 1616218 A CN1616218 A CN 1616218A CN A2004100869456 A CNA2004100869456 A CN A2004100869456A CN 200410086945 A CN200410086945 A CN 200410086945A CN 1616218 A CN1616218 A CN 1616218A
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China
Prior art keywords
laser beam
laser
wedge
focusing surface
laser point
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CNA2004100869456A
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English (en)
Inventor
陈杰伟
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Leister Process Technologies
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Leister Process Technologies
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Publication of CN1616218A publication Critical patent/CN1616218A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • B23K26/244Overlap seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1658Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687Laser beams making use of light guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/221Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a sinusoidal wave
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/223Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a triangle wave or of a sawtooth wave, e.g. zigzagged
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29C66/81267Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83441Ball types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
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Abstract

一种用于通过激光射线通过聚焦面上的多个激光点加热塑料的方法和装置,其中激光点通过一个具有一个多重楔板的光学装置实现。该装置可以组合在一个加工头里面并能够由此对于任意轮廓的透辐射焊接改善焊接过程。

Description

用于通过激光射线加热塑料的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过来自激光射线在一个聚焦面上的激光点加热塑料的方法,最好按照激光透辐射工艺焊接塑料。本发明还涉及一种用于通过激光射线加热塑料的装置,它具有一个加工头用于容纳使激光射线成形的装置。
背景技术
为了通过激光射线焊接塑料,已知在所谓的透辐射焊接工艺中一个对于激光射线透明的第一塑料部件通过一个吸收激光射线的第二塑料部件加热接触面并且在压力的影响下相互焊接。为了达到激光在塑料结构部件上移动的所期望的速度并且尽管如此仍保证良好的焊接质量,要求在射线光程中建立一个预热过程,它负责使加热以已知的方式在不同的步骤中实现。为此已知,通过多个激光射线逐点地先后导引,使塑料材料在第一步骤中置于一个预热温度而在一个第二步骤中置于焊接温度。
为了焊接由层合织物、薄膜和密封带制成的平面在焊接后必需一个检验组织,以检验焊缝的强度。如果通过激光射线进行焊接,同样要求在焊接过程期间产生一个相应的检验组织。通常这一点通过双焊线产生。
已知为了使光线分离进行一个射线分离,使得由一个光源产生在不同方向上的多个光输出,它们具有相同的射线质量。光强对于不同的光输出通过射线分配器的光学特性确定。但是空间需求和成本是相对较高的,因为每个光学输出需要完整的透镜组成部分,以便使射线相应成形并准直。重要的是,如果涉及光线的简单空间分离,则这种方法是不能应用的。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是,提供一种方法,其中在考虑到良好操作性、灵活性和尽可能也利用光束的条件下可以在一个聚焦面上产生多个激光点。
这个目的按照本发明通过一种具有权利要求1特征的方法以及通过一个具有装置权利要求特征的装置得以实现。其它的有利改进方案在各相关从属权利要求中得出。
通过按照本发明的方法和装置,使来自一个点辐射源的激光射线首先通过透镜组合扩大并准直,该点辐射源作为光束而且也作为自由辐射的射线供使用。在准直的射线光程中实现一种分布,它按照要被产生的激光点数量进行调整。为此使用一个在上下文中称为多重楔板的板,它具有相应于要被产生的激光点数量的平面,它们相对于与光轴垂直的面以微小的角度倾斜。楔形主要涉及具有一个小角度的偏转棱镜。在多于两个激光点的情况下这个多重楔板具有一个扁平的类似三角形的结构,它具有多个从尖端延伸的、以给定角度倾斜的平面。所述多重楔板在光程中定心,但是也可以通过一个相对于光轴的移动在不同的点上实现不同的光强。
因此本发明提供了一种可能性,使激光射线在一个光学系统内部实现最小的空间分裂。在聚焦面上的裂距可以稍微调整。这个解决方案可以组合在一个加工头里面并且因此具有最小的结构尺寸并具有全部的活动灵活性。因为只是一个光学组成部分负责光分裂,在这里存在在单、双或多重射线之间进行光学转换的可能性。分裂的光射线犹如沿着相同的光轴延伸,使得可以通过最小的调整实现几何布置。
按照一个优选的改进方案,分裂的激光射线在聚焦透镜后面耦合在一个对于激光射线透明的最好由玻璃制成的球体里面并在球体移动时使激光射线相应地在聚焦面上导引。
为了产生平行的锯齿形焊接线,它们尤其对于焊接薄膜是必需的,按照本发明的另一改进方案通过两个垂直于射线光程移动的偏转部件产生激光点。所述偏转部件最好以一个给定的角度相反偏转地构成并交替地置于射线光程。通过将装置布置在一个加工头里面、尤其是与一个在要被焊接的塑料材料上移动的透明球体组合可以实现一个容易操纵的部件,通过它能够实现沿着几乎任意轮廓的加热和焊接。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例详细解释本发明。附图中:
图1为一个用于在一个聚焦面上产生两个激光点的光学装置的原理图;
图2为将图1中的装置集成在一个加工头里面,它具有一个玻璃球体作为顶压部件和激光射线的传导部件;
图3a-3c为多重楔板的不同示例性结构;
图4a-4b为通过激光点的不同移动方向使两个塑料材料焊接的示意图,其中激光点以移动方向为基准相邻(图4a)或前后(图4b)地设置;
图5为两个前后移动的激光点在透辐射焊接工艺时的示意图和在移动路段上的温度分布;
图6为具有一个具有不同倾斜平面的双楔板装置的一部分,在聚焦面里具有一个强度视图;和
图7为一个在聚焦面里用于产生平行的激光点锯齿形带的装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个激光束1,由其发出激光射线2。通过一个透镜3使激光射线准直并出现在一个双楔板4上。如同由图可以看到的那样,所述楔形5、6这样设置,使面对准直的激光射线2’的平面从中间向外下落并因此使激光射线略微向着中心光轴偏转。这一点在附图中通过衔接在其上的透镜8上的搭接区表示。所述双楔板如同两个相对设置的棱镜那样起作用,棱镜使激光射线沿着光传播方向稍微偏转。所述射线被分成两个分量2”,还总是保持准直,但是在两个不同的传播方向上继续传导。通过聚焦透镜8使两个分裂的射线又在一个聚焦面9上聚焦并在那里构成两个激光点10、11。所述聚焦透镜的楔角和光学特性确定两个激光点10、11之间的间距。通过旋转双楔板4可以使两个激光点10、11也可以对称地围绕光轴旋转。
所述空间分布也确定光强(参见图6)。对于一个如图4a所示的双焊接线,两个激光点相似性对于焊接过程是不同的。所述双楔板4的偏心如图6所示导致一个不对称的光强分布。这个特性可以用于具有组合预热过程的轮廓焊接过程,如同在图4a、5和6中示例性所示的那样。两个激光点之间的间距、预热与焊接之间的能量配置比例可以按照焊接结果优化。
通过旋转双楔板可以产生一个由两个激光点构成的环。通过放大对一个多重楔板的楔形数量可以相应放大射线的数量,如图3a具有三个楔形12,在图3b中具有四个楔形12,在图3c中具有五个楔形12且也可以更多。
整个装置可以组合在一个加工头13里面,如图2所示的那样。此外在另一端上一个可旋转支承的由透明材料如玻璃或塑料制成的球体22位于该加工头13里面,球体使激光射线转到聚焦面9上。通过球体22可以通过手或也可以机械地施加对于焊接过程在连接瞬间所需的顶压力。
图4示出对于连接过程的两个可能变型的原理。图4a示出两个激光点10、11,它们相互平行地在箭头方向上移动,因此构成两个平行的焊缝14、14’。这一点尤其对于具有两个检验通道的薄膜焊接是必需的。图4b示出具有两个激光点10、11的布置,它们前后地在焊接方向上移动并只产生一个焊缝14。在两个附图中出于简化将在图1和2中所示的光学装置只原理地表示。
图5示出一个对于激光射线透明的第一工件15和一个位于其下的吸收激光射线的工件16,它们通过两个在焊接方向上前后移动的激光点10、11相互焊接。所述激光点10、11在两个工件15、16的接触面之间聚焦,它们由此构成聚焦面9。同样示出的曲线图表示聚焦面9处的温度。可以看出,整个过程由沿着路径的预热段23和焊接段24所组成。
如同已经提到的,在图6只示出一个双楔板,它具有一个较大的楔形15和一个较小的楔形16,因此相应地在聚焦面9上构成一个较小的激光点11和紧邻的一个较大的激光点10。由此也可以在焊接方向移动时实现一个紧接焊接的预热。光强作为路径的函数在这个附图中同样原理地示出。
图7示出一个用于产生两个平行锯齿形焊接轮廓17、18的装置,该焊接轮廓通过两个在焊接方向上移动的激光点10、11产生。为此在双楔板4后面另一双楔形19垂直于光轴在激光射线2的射线光程中往复移动。在此双楔形19这样布置,使分隔线20平行于双楔板的楔形5与6之间的分隔线21延伸。
在实施例中两个双楔形以其厚侧面相互面对。反之它们也可以以其窄侧面相互面对。双楔形19的往复运动可以通过电机和一个相应的机构以简单的方式和已知的方式和方法实现。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于通过来自一个激光射线(2)在聚焦面(9)上的多个激光点加热塑料的方法,最好用于按照激光透辐射工艺焊接塑料,其特征在于,所述激光射线(2)通过一个第一透镜(3)准直,然后将激光射线(2’)通过一个多重楔板(4)分开,多重楔板具有相应于要产生的激光点(10,11)数量的楔形(5,6;12)数量,它们以一个给定的角度错置,而激光射线分量(2”)继续准直地沿一个聚焦透镜(8)的不同传播方向输送;通过聚焦透镜(8)在一个聚焦面(9)上产生所述激光点(10,11)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分开的激光射线在聚焦的透镜(8)后面耦合在一个对于激光射线透明的球体(22)里面并在球体(22)运动时相应地输送到聚焦面(9)上。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过各楔形(5,6;12)的尺寸调整激光点的激光强度。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过两个垂直于激光射线(2)可移动的偏转元件(19)产生激光点(10,11),它们相互间锯齿形地在聚焦面(19)上移动。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,为了在聚焦面(9)上产生锯齿形轮廓(17,18),两个激光射线(2’)分别以一个给定角度相反偏转的楔形(19)交替地置于激光射线光程里面。
6.一种用于通过激光射线加热塑料的装置,其特征在于,在激光射线(2)的射线光程中在一个加工头(13)里面设置一个第一透镜(3)用于使激光射线(2)准直,然后布置一个多重楔板(4),它具有相应于要被产生的激光点(10,11)数量的楔形(5,6;12)的数量,最后有一个聚焦透镜(8)用于使各激光点聚焦到一个聚焦面(9)上。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加工头(13)具有一个对于激光射线透明的球体(22),它设置在聚焦透镜(8)后面并可旋转地支承在加工头(13)里面。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多重楔板(4)是双楔板并在双楔板与聚焦透镜(8)之间具有两个偏转楔形(19),它们通过其接触棱边(20)平行于双楔板(4)之间的接触棱边(21)延伸并垂直于激光射线(2)可以往复移动。
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