CN1572471A - 结构塑料制品的激光连接方法 - Google Patents

结构塑料制品的激光连接方法 Download PDF

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CN1572471A
CN1572471A CNA2004100475295A CN200410047529A CN1572471A CN 1572471 A CN1572471 A CN 1572471A CN A2004100475295 A CNA2004100475295 A CN A2004100475295A CN 200410047529 A CN200410047529 A CN 200410047529A CN 1572471 A CN1572471 A CN 1572471A
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workpiece
laser beam
laser
contact
zone
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CN100471656C (zh
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陈杰伟
A·丹策尔
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Leste Processing Tech AG
Leister Process Technologies
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    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1674—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of laser diodes
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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Abstract

用透射焊接方法连接不同工件的激光连接方法。此时，如此形成激光光束：激光光束在传播方向上的能量密度决定于离开激光光源的距离。因此生成能量密度最大的光束被定位的缩聚部。把两工件之间的接触面布置成使该接触面位于该高能量密度区域上。因此，光束缩聚部区域之外的塑料材料得不到有效加热。因此用该方法可大规模生产焊接结构工件。

Description

结构塑料制品的激光连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种连接用塑料制成的不同工件或使塑料与不同材料连接的激光连接方法，正对激光光源的上层工件用激光光束可透过的材料制成，第二工件用吸收激光光束的材料制成，从而在后面的加压冷却过程中两工件的相邻接触面熔融、粘合在一起。
背景技术
这一方法是公知的，例如参见EP-A1-997 261。在该方法中，屏幕形激光光束照射在所述工件上，不要加热的区域用掩膜盖住。用公知方法把结构和非结构工件连接在一起。只在接触面上焊接这两工件，因此使用一掩膜。
用激光光束焊接塑料需要对热能的计量进行控制。这一计量的决定性因素是能量密度和照射持续时间，能量密度和照射持续时间决定着热量累积过程的快慢和塑料可达到的最大温度。
可用上述公知的掩膜焊接原理在工件的具有所需焊接结构的表面区域上进行焊接。此时，在焊接平面上直线移动的屏幕形激光光束扫过期望的表面区域，热能的计量受激光功率和扫描速度的控制。热能的空间分布决定于该掩膜，因为在屏幕形激光光束照射下，能量密度在激光传播方向上大致保持不变。因此，该部件上处于不同高度、未被照射的部位必需用一掩膜盖住。这当然同样适用于在对应表面上高速扫描的点状激光光束。
在公知方法中，使用掩膜有时是不利的，因为必需对掩膜进行调节，因此部件的生产率降低。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是提高一种可能途径，在该途径中，可以高产量按照本文第一段所述光透射焊接方法把结构工件连接在一起。
按照本发明，用具有独立权利要求的特征的方法实现该目的。进一步的有利改进见各从属权利要求。
使用本发明方法，用光学系统聚焦激光光束，使得能量密度在接触面区域最大。在这种情况下根据应用场合，通过合适选择透镜来选择该光学系统，使得该区域的横截面变大或变小。结果是，尽管接触面和位于下面的表面区域受到激光光束的照射，但第二工件的材料只在接触面上发生熔融。因此，两工件只在接触面区域中熔融、互相连接在一起。因此无需掩膜就可结构性焊接两接触面。对激光光束来说，重要的是，能量密度较高的区域足以使得两工件熔合并且能够位于从激光光源看去的激光传播方向上。为了使两工件熔合在一起，重要的是，结构高度d远比最大能量密度区的高度h大。因此，在很集中的高能量密度下，至少激光不透过的第二工件中的结构可相应地小而位于下面的结构不软化，因为位于下面的结构上的能量密度不够。在最有利情况中，该最大能量密度区只是一表面区域。
最好使用具有高能量密度的光束缩聚部的激光光束，因为这使得高能量密度以与上述条件对应的方式只集中在小区域中。最好根据激光光束不透过的结构化第二工件中的待焊接区域来设定该光束缩聚部的高度h和宽度b。
按照该方法的一种发展，用柱面透镜生成该激光光束。用圆柱形会聚透镜把该线性激光光束只照射到该透镜的聚焦平面上。这意味着，激光光束在传播方向上的能量密度决定于距离激光光源的距离。最大能量密度出现在光束缩聚部上。该光束缩聚部的几何形状(高度h和宽度b)决定于该透镜的光学孔径和焦距长度。会聚角越大，焦距越短，光束缩聚部越薄。该光束缩聚部的厚度也可称为清晰影像投影区厚度。
在一结构工件的情况下，如这些结构的高度差显著大于光束缩聚部的厚度，则焊缝的形态只决定于聚焦平面上的表面区结构。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细说明本发明例示性实施例，附图中：
图1简示出焊接两塑料工件；
图2为光束缩聚部的放大图；
图3示出包括标准二极管激光器的基本结构；以及
图4示出基本结构，其中，激光光束经光引导件输入。
具体实施方式
图1放大示出照射到柱面透镜2上的激光光束1。该柱面透镜2把激光光束1重新形成能量密度在传播方向上变动的激光光束3。结果，激光光束在整个纵向剖面上不具有不同的宽度或直径。高能量密度区域的直径或光束宽度比低能量密度区域小。在该例示性实施例中，激光光束3形成有缩聚部4。图2放大示出激光光束3的缩聚部4区域。该图示出受对应光学措施影响的光束缩聚部4的宽度b和高度h。宽度b为激光光束3的最小宽度。高度h具有最小宽度b的区域的长度。
图1还示出激光光束可透过的第一工件5和位于第一工件下方、激光光束不可透过的第二工件6。为简明起见，工件5在该图中画成透明，尽管这并不意味着第一工件不能是彩色的。工件6具有位于下面的表面区8和接触面7相对比的结构，表面区8不被激光光束3软化。与图1所示相反，透明工件5也可如现有技术所示具有结构。但是，在这种情况中，下层工件6中没有表面可被上层工件5盖住，因为这会导致不适当加热。图1示出光束缩聚部4周围的高能量密度区域位于接触面7区域中。激光光束3的形状使得位于下面的表面区域8中的能量密度不足以熔化两工件。因此，软化只发生在接触面区域中，从而两工件5、6以公知方式在该区域中连接。因此与现有技术比较，激光光束是否照射到位于下面的表面区域并无差别。因此无需掩膜。重要的是，工件5、6布置成其接触面7位于光束缩聚部4的区域中。可根据工件5、6中结构的几何形状来改变高度h和宽度b。
图3简示出把圆锥形激光光束1照射到该柱面透镜2上的标准二极管激光器9。如结合图1所述，柱面透镜2把激光光束1重新形成激光光束3，激光光束3然后照射到待焊接表面区域10而与底下表面区域8无关。应该指出，待焊接表面区域10不必与工件的整个表面重合。还可看出，重要的是工件5、6与激光光束3之间的相对运动。在该例示性实施例中，移动工件5、6。
在图4所示例示性实施例中，圆锥形激光光束12用球面会聚透镜13从光引导件1被引导到柱面透镜2。
在该例示性实施例中，线性激光光束与两工件相对移动。同样也可生成点状激光而不是线状激光，该点状激光然后必需受引导照射到表面区域上。

Claims (2)

1、一种连接由塑料制成的不同工件(5，6)或使塑料与不同材料连接的激光连接方法，正对激光光源的上层工件(5)用激光光束(3)可透过的材料制成，第二工件(6)用吸收激光光束(3)的材料制成，从而在随后加压冷却过程中两工件(5，6)的相邻接触面(7)熔融、粘合在一起，至少第二工件(6)的结构表面具有位于下面的表面区域(8)正对另一工件(5)，激光光束(3)和这两工件作相对运动，其中，用光学系统把该激光光束(3)聚焦成能量密度在接触面区域(7)上最大，第二工件(6)的材料的熔化只发生在接触面(7)上，接触面(7)和位于下面的表面区域(8)受激光光束的照射，工件(5，6)只在接触面(7)的区域中熔化、连接在一起。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，由该聚焦生成的光束缩聚部的高度(h)和宽度(b)按照待焊接的工件(5，6)的结构设定。
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