CN101657291B - 用于夹紧至少两个部件的夹紧装置 - Google Patents

用于夹紧至少两个部件的夹紧装置 Download PDF

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CN101657291B
CN101657291B CN2008800121386A CN200880012138A CN101657291B CN 101657291 B CN101657291 B CN 101657291B CN 2008800121386 A CN2008800121386 A CN 2008800121386A CN 200880012138 A CN200880012138 A CN 200880012138A CN 101657291 B CN101657291 B CN 101657291B
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clamping
clamping device
tie
parts
processing
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CN101657291A (zh
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F·布吕布克尔
H·阿尔德博特
A·克劳泽
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LPKF Laser and Electronics AG
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LPKF Laser and Electronics AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/10—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
    • B23K26/037—Aligning the laser beam by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. pressing roller foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8324—Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在激光加工机中，特别是在激光焊接装置(1)中夹紧至少两个部件(6、7)的夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置包括：-用于支承第一部件(6)的接纳部(18)，-夹紧头(16)，所述夹紧头用于对第二部件(7)进行加载，以将夹紧压力引入两个部件(6、7)之间的接合面(8、9)中，-设置在加工机的环绕的射束路径(10)内的内部夹具(11)，所述内部夹具具有一用于内部夹紧所述部件(6、7)的夹紧面(12)，和-窄的连接梁(15)，所述连接梁用于将所述内部夹具(11)连接到位于外部的夹紧头(16)上，所述连接梁(15)跨过所述夹紧头(16)中的穿通隙部(17)，该穿通隙部允许加工机的射束路径(10)到达所述部件(6、7)。

Description

用于夹紧至少两个部件的夹紧装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在激光加工机中、特别是在激光焊接装置中夹紧至少两个部件的夹紧装置。
背景技术
这种类型的夹紧装置在多个文献中已知。例如DE 199 24 469 A1示出一种用于工件的焊接夹持装置，特别是用于激光透射焊接由塑料制成的接合面，其中接合面设置在环绕两件式工件的边缘凸缘上。其中一个工件由用于支承部件的接纳部保持。第二部件由夹紧头加载，所述夹紧头保持成在外侧围绕实际焊接线，以将夹紧压力引入接触面中。
在根据DE 195 10 493 A1所示的焊接装置中，通过液力的、气动的、滚压形式的或其他的压紧装置来进行压力作用。其中明确地公开了一种沿着辐射区域在加工激光束旁一起延伸的压紧辊。这种方法的显著缺点是：通过压紧辊的运动，在压紧辊的运动方向上施加有一切向力。该切向力在被透射的接合部件中引起应力。此外，放置在部件表面上的压紧辊可能对该表面造成损害。
US 5 049 720 A示出一种用于塑料容器盖的激光焊接装置，其中所述盖在焊缝的区域中由一双环形夹具压到容器凸缘上。因此两个夹紧环之间的空隙完全由可透过激光的窗遮盖，从而使位于其下方的区域在为盖加载时被密封，并且额外地承受过压。此方法要实现将盖均匀地贴靠在容器上。激光束经过所述窗和两个环之间的空隙击打在焊接区上。在此，夹紧压力由在中央设置在工件上方的压力缸提供。这种布置不适合用于较小的、需焊接的部件。
就本发明的背景技术而言，应当简要地探讨其特别的应用领域，即所谓的透射焊接。在此这样实现将必要的激光功率引入接合区中，即，使激光束透射一部件的完全或至少部分地让激光波长范围透过的盖层。激光能量至少部分地被下接合部件吸收。所产生的热使下接合部件熔化，通过从第二部件传递到盖层的热还使得第一部件部分熔化。两个接合部件通过作用到接合区上的压力而连接。激光束在此沿着焊缝移动。
为产生压力作用，代表最接近的现有技术的DE 199 24 469 A1示出一种外部夹紧装置，其中接合部件上的相对的夹紧压力被施加到焊缝的一侧上。这导致要透射的接合部件沿焊缝受到单侧载荷，这一点对焊接质量造成不利影响。压力分布沿焊缝方向逐渐减小，并可能引起部件的外部变形。因此，可能在塑料结构中产生应力，这在熔化部分凝固后可能导致在焊缝中或在所述焊缝附近出现裂纹。
此外，如果在焊缝之外在部件上没有材料或材料不足以用于附装外部夹紧装置，则难以应用该外部夹紧装置。
发明内容
基于现有技术的上述问题，本发明的目的在于设计一种上述类型的夹紧装置，利用所述夹紧装置可通用地将两个要接合的部件与其尺寸无关地夹紧，从而可能完全不使用有问题的外部夹紧技术。
所述目的通过在权利要求1的特征来实现，为此在所述夹紧装置中设置有：
-设置在加工机的环绕的射束路径内的内部夹具，所述内部夹具具有一用于内部夹紧所述部件的夹紧面，和
-用于将所述内部夹具连接到位于外部的夹紧头上的窄的连接梁，所述连接梁跨过夹紧头中的穿通隙部，该穿通隙部允许射束路径从加工机到达所述部件。
本发明提出一种内部夹紧技术，由于与位于内部的夹紧部件相关联的阴影效应，该内部夹紧技术此前未在激光加工机中使用。本发明出于下述认知，即加工激光束的较小的中断，如仅通过用于将内部夹具连接到外置的夹紧头上的窄的连接梁而出现的中断，对焊缝并没有显著损害。由于还沿焊缝纵向发生的热传导以及部分发生的辐射，由连接梁遮盖的阴影区域也能得到足够的能量，从而可对两个接合部件进行无瑕疵的熔化和焊接。
通过根据本发明的内部夹紧结构，特别是与优选设置的外部夹紧结构的组合，对于整条焊缝来说产生了明显更为均匀的夹紧压力分布，这使得在焊缝上及焊缝周围的应力较小。由此改善了焊缝均匀性，因此在必要时能利用较少的激光功率实现所期望的焊接效果。由此还可导致在工件加工时缩减脉冲时间。
根据一种有利的改进方案，为夹紧三维部件，通过多个单个的内部夹具实施内部夹紧，所述多个内部夹具分别通过跨过射束路径的连接梁安装在外置的、单个的夹紧头上。优选地，内部夹具与连接梁分别为一夹紧杆的一部分，可借助于例如活塞缸驱动装置形式的夹紧驱动装置对所述夹紧杆进行加载。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施例、其它特征、细节和优点在从属权利要求中和下面借助附图对实施例的描述中给出。其示出了：
图1是具有夹紧装置的激光焊接装置的透视图，
图2是根据图1所示的装置的侧视图，
图3是具有工件的内部夹紧结构的夹紧装置的俯视图，
图4和图5是夹紧装置沿图3中的切割线IV-IV和V-V的剖视图，
图6是具有相结合的内部夹紧结构和外部夹紧结构的夹紧装置的俯视图，
图7和图8是夹紧装置沿图6中的切割线VII-VII和VIII-VIII的剖视图，以及
图9和图10是由单个夹具组成的内部夹紧结构的另一实施例的侧视图和俯视图。
具体实施方式
如在图1和图2中示出的，激光焊接装置具有一总体以1标注的激光焊接头，所述激光焊接头在其构造方面与现有技术一致，因此无需详述。激光焊接头1可设计成扫描器系统或者设计成可移动的廓形焊接头(Konturschweiβkopf)。
经由加工光学系统2，在图2中以虚线示出的激光束3经过所限定的射束路径10(参见图3和图6)以用于加工保持在还将详细阐述的夹紧装置5中的工件4。
借助图3至图5阐述了用于仅内部夹紧工件4的夹紧装置5的构造。所述工件4由两个部件组成，即一立方体的、上部敞开的下部件6和一放置在其上的、与下部件6的外壁齐平地封闭的盖7。所述盖7由能透射激光束3的波长的、热塑性的塑料材料制成，而下部件6由能吸收激光束并转换成热的材料制成。因此，激光束3可穿过盖7，并在由盖下边缘8和下部件6的向上的端缘9形成的接合区中，使得两个部件6、7以上述透射焊接法熔合在一起。
为夹紧两个部件6、7，将下部件6保持在工件接纳部18中。利用内部夹具11内部夹紧盖7，所述内部夹具设置在图3和图6中以虚线示出的射束路径10中。内部夹具11通过分别在纵向侧和横向侧13、14中在上端部处位于中心的连接梁15与在图3至图5中仅以夹紧环的形式示出的夹紧头16连接。连接梁15跨过夹紧头中的穿通隙部17，该穿通隙部允许射束路径10从激光焊接头1到达部件6、7。
如特别是在图3中示出的，所述连接梁15设计成板片形，其中平的主平面基本上平行于激光束3的方向，即竖直地取向。此外，所述主平面垂直于射束路径10，从而仅最小地遮住激光束3。对于特殊的应用，也可示出连接梁的倾斜的布置。
如由图4和图5中看出的，内部夹具11的夹紧面12的形状匹配于盖7的形状，进而匹配于要施加在盖下边缘8和下部件6的端缘9之间的接合区中的焊缝的形状。因此通过夹紧头16输入的夹紧压力均匀分布地经由盖7传到由工件接纳部18保持的下部件6上。
如由图3至图5还看出，内部夹具11在窄的横向侧14上朝向穿通隙部17的面和夹紧头16的相应的面20逆着射束方向倾斜，从而使穿通隙部17与激光束3的射束方向相反地锥状扩展。因此激光束3还可在较平的角度时无阻碍地到达接合区——如所述激光束在窄侧的区域中施加焊缝时的情况那样。
在根据图3的俯视图中示出了跨过窄侧的两个连接梁15的平的侧中的凹部22，所述凹部用于使连接梁15的形状匹配于激光束3的焦散面(Strahlkaustik)。
如由根据图4和图5的两个剖视图中所看出的，分别在一条直线上延伸的、彼此背离的连接梁15设置在一共同的、条带形的金属片23、23′上，所述金属片延伸越过整个内部夹具11并在中央、在切口24中相交。两个金属片23、23′在其外端部上分别锚固在环形的夹紧头16中。此外在穿通隙部17中，金属片23、23′还在其下边缘上分别具有凹部25，从而在激光束3倾斜于金属片23、23′的平面延伸时，再次使阴影的尺寸减小。两个金属片23、23′借助于盖26保持在内部夹具11上部。
在图6至图8中所示的夹紧装置的实施例中，内部夹紧结构相对于根据图3至图5所示的实施例几乎不变。相应的部件具有相同的附图标记并不再赘述。
不同于图3至图5(中的实施例)，在根据图6至图8所示的实施例中，额外设置有外部夹紧结构以与内部夹紧结构相结合，所述外部夹紧结构通过安装在夹紧头16下侧上的夹紧架27来实现。所述夹紧架从外部抓住工件4，并从上方利用在内侧在夹紧孔中环绕的固定翼板28对盖7的边缘进行加载。与所述的内部夹紧结构一起，在射束路径10的两侧夹紧在盖下边缘8和下部件6的端缘9之间的接合区。
在图9和图10中示出一内部夹紧结构，其中使用多个内部夹具11′以用于将盖7夹紧在下部件6上。所述多个内部夹具又通过窄的、板片形式的连接梁15′与夹紧装置的处于外部的夹紧头16′连接。利用在俯视图(图10)中由夹紧杆29的侧向凹部22形成的连接梁15′，跨过激光束3的射束路径10。此外连接梁15′通过其上部和下部的凹部25匹配于射束焦散面。
夹紧杆29本身在旋转轴线31中可摆动地支承在设置在未详细示出的工件接纳部外部的支承件30上。在其背离内部夹具11′的、向上弯折的杆臂32上分别铰接有活塞缸驱动装置34的活塞杆33。利用活塞缸驱动装置34可如此为每一个单个内部夹具11′加载，使得所述单个内部夹具从上方在要产生的焊缝内部沿着激光焊接装置的射束路径10将要夹紧的部件、即盖7压抵在下部件6上。通过缩回活塞杆33，可向上枢转内部夹具11′，进而从激光焊接装置中取出工件4。
尽管由于板片形式的连接梁15′如此少地遮住激光加工射束，使得不必担心损害要制造的焊缝，但对于特别高的质量要求来说，这种正好位于射束路径中的内部夹具11′可选择性地分别利用活塞缸驱动装置34向上枢转。
最后关于所有前述实施例通常还要注意，夹紧压力还可通过从下方加载工件接纳部并由此使待夹紧的部件反向运动以抵靠在一体的或多件式的内部夹具11、11′上来实现。因此，例如可省略根据图9和图10所示的实施例的活塞缸驱动装置34。

Claims (12)

1.一种夹紧装置，用于在使用加工射束(3)的加工机中夹紧至少两个部件(6、7)，所述夹紧装置包括：
-用于支承第一部件(6)的接纳部(18)，和
-至少一个夹紧头(16)，在所述夹紧头上分别设置有用于对第二部件(7)进行加载的夹具，以将夹紧压力引入所述两个部件(6、7)之间的接合面(8、9)中，
其特征在于，
-各个所述夹具设计成设置在所述加工机的加工射束(3)的环绕的射束路径(10)内的内部夹具(11、11′)，所述内部夹具具有一用于内部夹紧所述部件(6、7)的夹紧面(12)，
-用于所述加工射束(3)的穿通隙部(17)将各个内部夹具(11、11′)与位于外部的夹紧头(16)分隔开，以及
-设置有至少一个用于将所述内部夹具(11、11′)连接到位于外部的夹紧头(16、16′)上的窄的连接梁(15、15′)，所述至少一个连接梁(15、15′)跨过使得加工机的射束路径(10)能够到所述部件(6、7)的所述穿通隙部(17)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述加工机是激光焊接装置(1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述连接梁(15、15′)设计成板片形，其中该连接梁的平的主平面基本上平行于加工机的加工射束(3)的方向。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述内部夹具(11、11′)的夹紧面(12)平行于所述接合面(8、9)延伸。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述穿通隙部(17)与加工机的加工射束(3)的方向相反地锥状扩展。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述连接梁(15、15′)的形状匹配于加工射束(3)的焦散面。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧头(16)配备有设置在加工机的环绕的射束路径(10)外部的外部夹具(27)，该外部夹具具有用于外部夹紧所述部件(6、7)的夹紧面(28)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述内部夹具和/或外部夹具(11、11′、27)构造成多件式的。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，用于固定所述内部夹具(11)的所述连接梁(15)形成在两个交叉的、嵌入内部夹具(11)中的金属片条带(23、23′)上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，分别通过所述连接梁(15′)将多个单个的内部夹具(11′)安装在位于外部的单个夹紧头(16′)上，用以夹紧三维部件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧头(16′)分别具有保持所述连接梁(15′)的夹紧杆(29)，能够借助于夹紧驱动装置对所述夹紧杆进行加载。
12.根据权利要求11所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧驱动装置是活塞缸驱动装置(34)。
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