CN1596596A - Standard planting method of polygonum multiflorum - Google Patents
Standard planting method of polygonum multiflorum Download PDFInfo
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- CN1596596A CN1596596A CN 200410040476 CN200410040476A CN1596596A CN 1596596 A CN1596596 A CN 1596596A CN 200410040476 CN200410040476 CN 200410040476 CN 200410040476 A CN200410040476 A CN 200410040476A CN 1596596 A CN1596596 A CN 1596596A
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Abstract
A standard method for planting fleece flower includes such steps as reproducing seedlings, cuttage, management, transparenting in field, building frame, making the vine of fleece flower to grow along the frame, removing vine tips and inflorescentia, management and harvesting fleece flower root and vine, which can be used as Chinese-medicinal material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medicinal plant cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root.
Background technology
The fleece-flower root is polygonum multiflorum thunb Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., and medicinal part is the dried root of the fleece-flower root, and lignified dry stem rattan is the vine of multiflower knotweed.This kind for " Chinese pharmacopoeia (2000 editions an one) record kind.The fleece-flower root is perennial winding liana.Root is elongated, the loose piece root of terminal one-tenth, and the appearance bronzing is to crineous.It is wooden that basal part of stem slightly is, hollow.The leaf alternate, the tool long handle, blade is narrow avette or heart-shaped, long 4cm～8cm, wide 2.5cm～5cm, tip be point gradually, base portion heart or flechette-type, full edge or little be with wavy, above bottle green, back side light green color, all smooth nothings in two sides mao.Stipule is membranous, the sheath shape, and brown is embraced stem, long 5mm～7mm.Spend little, the about 2mm of diameter, majority closely gathers into big shape panicle, pedicel tool joint, the membranous bract of base portion tool; The green white of perianth, petal-shaped, 5 split, and the sliver obovate differs in size, and there is wing at the back that the outside is 3; Stamen 8, shorter than perianth; Gynoecium 1, the ovary triangle, style is short, and column cap 3 splits, head.Seed achene ellipse has 3 ribs, long 2～2.5mm, wide 1.6mm, and black bright is wrapped in the place entirely and deposits in the aliform perianth of increase, and perianth becomes tangible 3 wings, brown when ripe.Base portion is a small pore-like pectin, includes one piece in seed, sepia, and endosperm white, embryo is at the base portion of seed, 9～October of florescence, fruit 10～November of phase.
In recent years, the market demand of the fleece-flower root increases day by day, and the market price also rises steadily, and is subjected to the driving of interests, and wild resource is excavated by artificial predation, and resource is withered day by day brown, and natural environment destroys serious.The wild in addition fleece-flower root is subjected to the influence of natural cause, and quality, quantity all are difficult to guarantee, have become the bottleneck of fleece-flower root series tcm development.
Under the new existence theory of the mankind, new life style promote, the medicine that with natural resources is raw material more and more comes into one's own in prevention from suffering from the diseases, treatment and health care, and the Chinese medicine industry of integrate green, safety, prevention, health care, treating is becoming the important component part of world's medicinal industry.Country pays much attention to the Chinese medicine industry development, actively pushes forward the modernization of Chinese medicine and industrialization, and the Chinese medicine industry will become the strategic industry of 21 century Chinese Economy Development.The fleece-flower root has economic plants and the double characteristic of ecological vegetable concurrently, and its plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop fleece-flower root industry and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
What solve that the approach of existing problem usually adopts is that the wild fleece-flower root is become the method that family plants, but at present owing to lack the standardized planting technology, make that fleece-flower root planting scale is little, planting cost is high, the quality instability, part index number does not meet the content request of traditional Chinese medicine GAP.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and a kind of every index that provides meets the content request of traditional Chinese medicine GAP, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, the normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root of plantation small investment, high efficiency.
The normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) sapling multiplication
1. the collection of cuttage bar
Acquisition time: grow seedlings spring and gather in 3～May; Grow seedlings autumn and gather in 7～October;
Collecting method: select good, healthy and strong fleece-flower root plant to do to gather maternal plant, reject diseased plant and weak strain simultaneously; With reaping hook each spray that links to each other on the frame is partly cut off, pick spray and tiny branch, stay the annual stem rattan of lignification and semi-lignified, 5cm cuts off from stem rattan ground; Take the bamboo frame carefully apart, take smooth frescade to together with the stem rattan; From the bottom of bamboo frame, untie the stem rattan carefully, simultaneously by specification stainless steel scissors clip cuttage bar, the long 15cm～20cm of cuttage bar, every is stayed 2～3 joints, and upper cut is level and smooth, nodal bud 3cm～4cm on the distance, the lower cut inclined-plane is level and smooth, and distance is the downward 2cm of nodal bud head down.Per 100 are bundled into handle, and the lower end requires concordant.Back cuttage to be sterilized;
2. put in order ground to choosing
Select that physical features is smooth, water source mellow soil easily, or plastic tunnel is done fleece-flower root sapling multiplication garden;
Whole ground: plough or manually dig with ox, plough the soil block of carefully raking, tilling depth 30cm, inspection is foreign material to the greatest extent;
Seedbed base manure: every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the ox barnyard manure 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and makes base manure, turns over to dig whole carefully, rakes;
Play the railway carriage or compartment: the wide 1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, long 10m～20m, ditch depth 10cm, wide 30cm;
Soil disinfection: spray the railway carriage or compartment face with 750 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, give nursery bed disinfection, cuttage after 5 days;
3. cuttage and seedling culture
The cuttage bar is handled: with above-mentioned cuttage bar, with 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution submergence sterilization about 5 seconds, drain before cuttage;
Cuttage: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch is apart from 8cm, ditch depth 8cm.With cuttage bar bud head-up, lean to furrow bank, spacing in the rows 3cm returns soil and fills and leads up, and is tight compact with the spud hammer, and after cuttage finished, water irrigated the seedbed, kept moistening;
4. seedling management
Open country is grown seedlings, and should cover little arch film.Raise seedling in greenhouse also should note keeping the humidity and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;
Temperature: keep 18 ℃～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, when being higher than 30 ℃, it is aeration-cooling to take off film, takes the sunshade net during continuous high temperature and shades;
Humidity: keep enough moisture before germinateing, in time water; After germination is come into leaves, control moisture, take root come into leaves after, look soil moisture content and watered water spray once in per 5～10 days;
Weeding: after cuttage, see that grass promptly removes.(forbid using chemical herbicide) during artificial weeding, note preventing loosening cuttage bar root, in order to avoid influence the growth of cuttage bar.After the weeding, water water of spray;
Topdress: when cuttage bar spray grows to 15cm, spray with sprayer, every 7 days once, spray altogether 3～4 times with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea liquid;
Pinching: as when seedling grows tall to 15cm when above, to cut off toply, height of seedling is remained on about 15cm;
Hardening: transplanting first half of the month, or cuttage seeding is grown to 15cm when above, the ventilation hardening;
5. lifting
Play transplantation of seedlings the previous day, water irrigates the seedbed;
During lifting, carefully dug the cuttage nursery stock along ditch with spud;
Behind the lifting, can not transplant Wan the same day or cuttage seeding to be transported, and concentrated and be stored in ventilation, frescade, and water and preserve moisture, and prevented to wilt;
During transportation, with plastic crate or bamboo basket dress seedling, place vertically and put, root system pushes down, does not preserve moisture;
The nursery stock requirement, height of seedling 20cm～35cm, leading thread＞2mm, well developed root system, anosis worm harm;
(2) field-transplanting
1. select ground
Soil condition: middle subtropical zone monsoon climate mountain area, soil be with fertile, loose, preserve moisture and fertility, loam or sand loam more than the farming bed thickness 30cm, and pH value is 6.0～7.5, organic＞more than 1.0%; The gradient should be less than 15 °, the transforming slope into terrace ground of gentle slope belt or 15 °～25 °; Soil environment quality must meet country's " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618～1995) secondary standard or above standard;
Atmospheric conditions: air is pollution-free, meets country's " standard for atmosphere environment quality " (GB3095～96) secondary or above standard, and promptly atmosphere index II is between 0.6～1.0.
Condition of water quality: annual rainfall 1000mm～1500mm, rain hot same period, having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating.Water nonpollution, water quality reach the standard of country " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB5084～85);
2. wholely
Last one year winter, pick up most foreign material when transplanting spring, the cleaning rural area, turn over more than the 30cm, before the transplanting again intensive cultivation once harrow broken leveling; Transplant autumn, turn over more than the 30cm planting first half of the month, before the transplanting, intensive cultivation is harrowed broken leveling once again;
After harrowing broken leveling, spray with 750 times of liquid of 50% wettable carbendazim and to mix the 25kg fine earth with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200ml and spread fertilizer over the fields in soil and sterilize, after 5 days, the recurrence railway carriage or compartment is for transplanting.
3. base manure
In conjunction with play the railway carriage or compartment wholely, execute become thoroughly decomposed ox barnyard manure 2500kg, compoiste fertilizer 100kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg for every mu, with fertilizer according to the above ratio behind the mixing ditching spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the ditch apart from the ditch of 1m, wide 20cm, return soil and fill and lead up, and play the railway carriage or compartment.
4. play the railway carriage or compartment
With the dressing furrow is face center, railway carriage or compartment, and the both sides earthing plays the railway carriage or compartment, makes railway carriage or compartment face width 70cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment;
5. transplant
Transplanting time: 3～June or 9～October;
Select behind the rain fine or cloudy day to play transplantation of seedlings;
On the face of railway carriage or compartment, press the seeding row spacing of 32cm * 30cm, become " product " font to plant two row's fleece-flower root seedlings; Mu seedling 4200 strains, every nest field planting 1 strain;
After having transplanted, as the weather arid, or soil watered normal root water the same day, and in time dredged the drain ditch when dry;
6. fill the gaps with seedlings
After transplanted seedling survives, check that big Tanaka lacks nest and dead growth of cereal crop seedlings condition, in time fills the gaps with seedlings;
(3) field management
1. built
The built material: long 2m, the bamboo pole that thick 1.5～3cm is more straight, fine away in the lower end;
Built method: back about 40 days in transplanting, grow to 20cm when high when the fleece-flower root survives, insert a bamboo pole between two fleece-flower root seedlings of every row, tie with rope the upper end, couple together with bamboo pole and to be barricaded as " people " font frame or adjacent three bamboo poles upper end is tied tapered with rope;
2. put on the shelf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows tall to 40cm, manually help the stem rattan upwards to twine by clockwise direction, easily landing with cord gently with stem rattan bolt on the bamboo frame;
Every strain fleece-flower root only stays two climing putting on the shelf of master, and remaining tiller is cut off from root;
3. pinch and smear leaf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows to 2m when high, the point of pinching is erased the following blade of stem rattan bottom 30cm simultaneously;
Too vigorous when overstocked when collateral generation, suitably wipe out side shoot, prevent excessive growth;
4. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial to remove reservation seed collecting, and remaining fleece-flower root connects anthocaulus with secateurs and cuts together when showing bud, takes out of extraterrestrial;
5. intertill and clean tillage
4～July, every weeding in 1 month once 8～September, only removed once March November to next year in conjunction with topdressing weeding once;
Herbicidal methods in conjunction with intertillage, is hoed up weeds with the hoe about wide 15cm, transplants shallow hoe in later six months, and the weeds of plant periphery remove with hand-lifting;
6. topdress
The annual fleece-flower root after being revival from transplanting, is executed urea 10kg for every mu, imposes compoiste fertilizer one time in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage before blooming for 8～September, and consumption is a 100kg/ mu;
The biennial fleece-flower root in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, respectively imposes compoiste fertilizer one time, consumption 100kg/ mu before 1 year 2～March, germination was come into leaves and before blooming for 8～September;
Fertilizing method:, apart from plant 10cm place trench digging fertilizer is applied in the ditch in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, returns soil and cover, recover the railway carriage or compartment face or between the two strain fleece-flowers root, dig the cave, with fertilizer apply in the cave, blinding;
7. irrigate and draining
Quality of irrigation water must reach two classes and the above water standard of GB5048-1992 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard ".
During transplanting, in time water sufficient normal root water;
After the fleece-flower root survives, look soil moisture content and in time water, arid continuously when weather, particularly pinch after the pruning, meet arid weather, water sufficient water;
When summer or temperature were too high, before at 10 in the morning and water later at 4 in afternoon, the blade in order to avoid high temperature is burnt influenced plant strain growth.
As rainy weather, should notice checking whether the drain ditch is dredged, in rainy season, the railway carriage or compartment ditch is deepened, draining in time.
(4) gather
1. the fleece-flower root gathers
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to excavate after cauline leaf is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook, hoe and plastic crate or bamboo basket.Require totally, not contact harmful substance;
Harvesting standard: the plantation time limit 2 years, polygonum multiforum root tuber index composition divides 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (C
20H
22O
9) content reaches more than 1.0%;
Collecting method: remove earlier rattan teapoy, after cutting off the stem rattan and do vine of multiflower knotweed harvesting with reaping hook, to begin to excavate from rhizosphere place far away along railway carriage or compartment face direction; When excavating, should note not damaging the piece root, complete dig out polygonum multiforum root tuber after, shrug off earth, remove Gen Di and coring; Basket is adorned in the first by size classification of the polygonum multiforum root tuber of digging out respectively, transported back transfer storage facility and deposit to be processed temporarily;
2. the vine of multiflower knotweed gathers
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to gather after blade is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook;
Harvesting standard: biennial lignification branch, the thick 4～7mm of diameter;
Collecting method: remove rattan teapoy earlier, prescind not lignified branch in top and tiny side shoot with reaping hook, and cut off the stem rattan from ground 5cm, the stem rattan is untied from the bamboo frame, select the thick lignification stem rattan of 4～7mm to make the vine of multiflower knotweed, the stem that the vine of multiflower knotweed is cut into 75cm is long, be bundled into wisp, transport back and dry.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root also can comprise following fleece-flower root disease control step:
1. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: in time dredge ditch water discharge behind the rain, reduce field humidity; In time set up support, wipe out overstocked tendril and old, sick, residual leaf, improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition; Accumulation and the propagation of field pathogen are reduced in the cleaning rural area; Their early stage sprays with 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture or 500～800 times of liquid of 65% zineb;
2. rust is prevented and treated method: extract old, sick leaf in fleece-flower root bottom and removing field dry branches and fallen leaves, reduce the pathogeny of surviving the winter; Get rid of field ponding behind the rain, reduce field humidity; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer improves the plant premunition; Their early stage sprays 1500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon or 500 times of liquid of 80% zineb;
3. root rot is prevented and treated method: ponding between rainy season timely drained field; Actively prevent and treat soil insect, can alleviate morbidity; Their early stage waters root with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root also can comprise following fleece-flower root pest control step:
1. control of aphids method: utilize the natural enemy protection, main natural enemy has ladybug, Chrysopa etc.; The aphid happiness is clustered in the tender position of fleece-flower root children causes harm, and in time wipes out water sprout, the aphid above eliminating; Select for use 50% to ward off 2500 times of liquid of aphid mist wetting powder or 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid control;
2. grub prevents and treats method: concentrate composting to become thoroughly decomposed through hot fermentation barnyard manure, human and animal excreta, kill worm's ovum and larva; Light trap or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult is set; During it drought, soil moisture is crossed and is hanged down and should in time carry out man-made irrigation, alleviates larva and causes harm; Soil disinfection is carried out in the plot more to grub in the soil before the plantation, during hoe buried after 250 milliliters and 25 kilograms fine earths of every mu of usefulness 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed and stirred and spread fertilizer over the fields.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root, wherein in (1) step, the cuttage bar of clip should finish in two days in cuttage.
The normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root of the present invention, compared with prior art, under normal time situation, biennial fleece-flower root medicinal material output can reach 1500～3000kg/ mu (aquatic foods), 500～1000kg/ mu (doing); The vine of multiflower knotweed 100～500kg/ mu (doing), and the every index of the fleece-flower root medicinal material and the vine of multiflower knotweed meets the content request of traditional Chinese medicine GAP, establishing in large scale can standardize, plantation small investment, high efficiency, from the input-output analysis of fleece-flower root plant husbandry, every mu of net earnings of fleece-flower root plantation generally is more than the twice of grain plantation, fleece-flower root plantation investment is little, the cycle short, high efficiency, has become the strategic industry in the strong county, leading industry He Qiang city of peasant programme; Simultaneously, development fleece-flower root industry improves peasant's quality and the culture of prosperity rural society and has very important facilitation optimizing and revising the structure of agricultural production; Fleece-flower root industry has characteristics such as industry chain (supply chain) is long, added value is high, growth is good, market prospects are wide, accelerate fleece-flower root industry development, it is cultivated into the pillar industry of local economy, to growth regional economy strength, realize that the great-leap-forward development of regional economy has irreplaceable impetus; The fleece-flower root has economic plants and the double characteristic of ecological vegetable concurrently, and in addition, fleece-flower root plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop fleece-flower root industry in the mountain area and not only can create considerable economic and social benefits, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
Embodiment
Compoiste fertilizer raw material of the present invention is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
(1) sapling multiplication
1. the collection of cuttage bar
Acquisition time: grow seedlings spring and gather in 3～May; Grow seedlings autumn and gather in 7～October;
Collecting method: select good, healthy and strong fleece-flower root plant to do to gather maternal plant, reject diseased plant and weak strain simultaneously; With reaping hook each spray that links to each other on the frame is partly cut off, pick spray and tiny branch, stay the annual stem rattan of lignification and semi-lignified, 5cm cuts off from stem rattan ground; Take the bamboo frame carefully apart, take smooth frescade to together with the stem rattan; From the bottom of bamboo frame, untie the stem rattan carefully, simultaneously by specification stainless steel scissors clip cuttage bar, the long 15cm～20cm of cuttage bar, every is stayed 2～3 joints, and upper cut is level and smooth, nodal bud 3cm～4cm on the distance, the lower cut inclined-plane is level and smooth, and distance is the downward 2cm of nodal bud head down.Per 100 are bundled into handle, and the lower end requires concordant.Back cuttage to be sterilized;
2. put in order ground to choosing
Select that physical features is smooth, the water source easily mellow soil do fleece-flower root sapling multiplication garden;
Whole ground: plough soil with ox, plough the soil block of carefully raking, tilling depth 30cm, inspection is foreign material to the greatest extent;
Seedbed base manure: every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the ox barnyard manure 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and makes base manure, turns over to dig whole carefully, rakes;
Play the railway carriage or compartment: the wide 1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, long 10m～20m, ditch depth 10cm, wide 30cm;
Soil disinfection: spray the railway carriage or compartment face with 750 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, give nursery bed disinfection, cuttage after 5 days;
3. cuttage and seedling culture
The cuttage bar is handled: with above-mentioned cuttage bar, with 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution submergence sterilization about 5 seconds, drain before cuttage;
Cuttage: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch is apart from 8cm, ditch depth 8cm.With cuttage bar bud head-up, lean to furrow bank, spacing in the rows 3cm returns soil and fills and leads up, and is tight compact with the spud hammer, and after cuttage finished, water irrigated the seedbed, kept moistening;
4. seedling management
Open country is grown seedlings, and should cover little arch film.Temperature: keep 18 ℃～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, when being higher than 30 ℃, it is aeration-cooling to take off film, takes the sunshade net during continuous high temperature and shades;
Humidity: keep enough moisture before germinateing, in time water; After germination is come into leaves, control moisture, take root come into leaves after, look soil moisture content and watered water spray once in per 5～10 days;
Weeding: after cuttage, see that grass promptly removes.(ban use of chemical herbicide) during artificial weeding, note preventing loosening cuttage bar root, in order to avoid influence the growth of cuttage bar.After the weeding, water water of spray;
Topdress: when cuttage bar spray grows to 15cm, spray with sprayer, every 7 days once, spray altogether 3～4 times with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea liquid;
Pinching: as when seedling grows tall to 15cm when above, to cut off toply, height of seedling is remained on about 15cm;
Hardening: transplanting first half of the month, or cuttage seeding is grown to 15cm when above, the ventilation hardening;
5. lifting
Play transplantation of seedlings the previous day, water irrigates the seedbed;
During lifting, carefully dug the cuttage nursery stock along ditch, tied into one with per 100 strains of straw with spud;
Behind the lifting, can not transplant Wan the same day or cuttage seeding to be transported, and concentrated and be stored in ventilation, frescade, and water and preserve moisture, and prevented to wilt;
During transportation, with plastic crate or bamboo basket dress seedling, place vertically and put, root system pushes down, does not preserve moisture;
The nursery stock requirement, height of seedling 20cm～35cm, leading thread＞2mm, well developed root system, anosis worm harm;
(2) field-transplanting
1. select ground
Geographical conditions: the base be positioned at 25 ° 19 of north latitude '～27 ° 32 ', between 107 ° 18 '～109 ° 36 in the footpath, east, height above sea level 200m～1500m.Be located in the Guizhou Province plateau to the hills, Hunan and Guangxi, the zone of transition in basin, landforms be based on massif mound and mountain plateau river valley in low, the gradient＜15 °, or transforming slope into terrace soil, and vegetation is abundant on every side.
Weather conditions: the base is positioned at south subtropics to middle subtropical zone, winter does not have severe cold, summer does not have heat, 15.9 ℃ of average annual temperatures,＞10 ℃ of effective year accumulated temperature are 4937.4 ℃, 290 days frost-free seasons, rainfall is plentiful, average annual rainfall 1213.3mm, the annual sunshine duration is 1215.3 hours, 3579.7 megajoules/m measures in the auxilliary firing association of the average annual sun
2
Soil condition: base soil is mainly yellow soil, red soil, purple soil, rendzinas, and quality is based on clay loam, neutral little acid.Organic abundant, but lack phosphorus, potash fertilizer.Plough horizon 〉=30cm.
2. wholely
Last one year winter, pick up most foreign material when transplanting spring, the cleaning rural area, turn over more than the 30cm, before the transplanting again intensive cultivation once harrow broken leveling; Transplant autumn, turn over more than the 30cm planting first half of the month, before the transplanting, intensive cultivation is harrowed broken leveling once again;
After harrowing broken leveling, spray with 750 times of liquid of 50% wettable carbendazim and to mix the 25kg fine earth with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200ml and spread fertilizer over the fields in soil and sterilize, after 5 days, the recurrence railway carriage or compartment is for transplanting.
3. base manure
In conjunction with play the railway carriage or compartment wholely, execute become thoroughly decomposed ox barnyard manure 2500kg, compoiste fertilizer 100kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg for every mu, with fertilizer according to the above ratio behind the mixing ditching spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the ditch apart from the ditch of 1m, wide 20cm, return soil and fill and lead up, and play the railway carriage or compartment.
4. play the railway carriage or compartment
With the dressing furrow is face center, railway carriage or compartment, and the both sides earthing plays the railway carriage or compartment, makes railway carriage or compartment face width 70cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment;
5. transplant
Transplanting time: 3～June, 9～October;
Select behind the rain fine or cloudy day to play transplantation of seedlings;
On the face of railway carriage or compartment, press the seeding row spacing of 32cm * 30cm, become " product " font to plant two row's fleece-flower root seedlings; Mu seedling 4200 strains, every nest field planting 1 strain;
After having transplanted, as the weather arid, or soil watered normal root water the same day, and in time dredged the drain ditch when dry;
6. fill the gaps with seedlings
After transplanted seedling survives, check that big Tanaka lacks nest and dead growth of cereal crop seedlings condition, in time fills the gaps with seedlings;
(3) field management
1. built
The built material: long 2m, the bamboo pole that thick 1.5～3cm is more straight, fine away in the lower end;
Built method: back about 40 days in transplanting, grow to 20cm when high when the fleece-flower root survives, insert a bamboo pole between two fleece-flower root seedlings of every row, tie with rope the upper end, couple together with bamboo pole and to be barricaded as " people " font frame or adjacent three bamboo poles upper end is tied tapered with rope;
2. put on the shelf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows tall to 40cm, manually help the stem rattan upwards to twine by clockwise direction, easily landing with cord gently with stem rattan bolt on the bamboo frame;
Every strain fleece-flower root only stays two climing putting on the shelf of master, and remaining tiller is cut off from root;
3. pinch and smear leaf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows to 2m when high, the point of pinching is erased the following blade of stem rattan bottom 30cm simultaneously;
Too vigorous when overstocked when collateral generation, suitably wipe out side shoot, prevent excessive growth;
4. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial to remove reservation seed collecting, and remaining fleece-flower root connects anthocaulus with secateurs and cuts together when showing bud, takes out of extraterrestrial;
5. intertill and clean tillage
4～July, every weeding in 1 month once 8～September, only removed once March November to next year in conjunction with topdressing weeding once;
Herbicidal methods in conjunction with intertillage, is hoed up weeds with the hoe about wide 15cm, transplants shallow hoe in later six months, and the weeds of plant periphery remove with hand-lifting;
6. topdress
The annual fleece-flower root after being revival from transplanting, is executed urea 10kg for every mu, imposes compoiste fertilizer one time in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage before blooming for 8～September, and consumption is a 100kg/ mu;
The biennial fleece-flower root in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, respectively imposes compoiste fertilizer one time, consumption 100kg/ mu before 1 year 2～March, germination was come into leaves and before blooming for 8～September;
Fertilizing method:, apart from plant 10cm place trench digging fertilizer is applied in the ditch in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, returns soil and cover, recover the railway carriage or compartment face or between the two strain fleece-flowers root, dig the cave, with fertilizer apply in the cave, blinding; (forbidding to use domestic waste, industrial refuse and hospital waste and ight soil as fertilizer sources).
7. irrigate and draining
Quality of irrigation water must reach two classes and the above water standard of GB5048-1992 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard ".
During transplanting, in time water sufficient normal root water;
After the fleece-flower root survives, look soil moisture content and in time water, arid continuously when weather, particularly pinch after the pruning, meet arid weather, water sufficient water;
When summer or temperature were too high, before at 10 in the morning and water later at 4 in afternoon, the blade in order to avoid high temperature is burnt influenced plant strain growth.
As rainy weather, should notice checking whether the drain ditch is dredged, in rainy season, the railway carriage or compartment ditch is deepened, draining in time.
(4) gather
1. the fleece-flower root gathers
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to excavate after cauline leaf is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook, hoe and plastic crate or bamboo basket.Require totally, not contact harmful substance;
Harvesting standard: the plantation time limit 2 years, polygonum multiforum root tuber index composition 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (C
20H
22O
9) content reaches more than 1.0%;
Collecting method: remove earlier rattan teapoy, after cutting off the stem rattan and do vine of multiflower knotweed harvesting with reaping hook, to begin to excavate from rhizosphere place far away along railway carriage or compartment face direction; When excavating, should note not damaging the piece root, complete dig out polygonum multiforum root tuber after, shrug off earth, remove Gen Di and coring; Basket is adorned in the first by size classification of the fleece-flower root that digs out respectively, transported back transfer storage facility and deposit to be processed temporarily;
2. the operational procedure of gathering of the vine of multiflower knotweed
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to gather after blade is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook;
Harvesting standard: biennial lignification branch, the thick 4～7mm of diameter;
Collecting method: remove rattan teapoy earlier, prescind not lignified branch in top and tiny side shoot with reaping hook, and cut off the stem rattan from ground 5cm, the stem rattan is untied from the bamboo frame, select the thick lignification stem rattan of 4～7mm to make the vine of multiflower knotweed, the stem that the vine of multiflower knotweed is cut into 75cm is long, be bundled into wisp, transport back and dry.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root, wherein in (1) step, the same day, the cuttage bar of clip should day cuttage.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root also can comprise following fleece-flower root disease control step:
1. leaf spot
Cause of disease: Mycosphaerella sp.
Symptom: the their early stage blade produces the yellow-white scab, later stage browning look, and core breaks, and coming off becomes hole.Pore is arranged on the scab, be the pathogen pycnidium.Scab for a long time, joining together makes the one-piece blade browning withered;
Occurrence regularity: pathogen, survives the winter on the dead leaf diseased plant with pycnidium.Discharge a large amount of conidiums after the pycnidium suction spring in next year.Conidium is propagated with wind and rain, causes primary infection.When rainwater increases, begin morbidity May after the summer has set in after the temperature rises, cause harm and increase the weight of for the morbidity Sheng phase 6～August.Reduce with temperature later on, rainwater reduces, and the degree that causes harm alleviates;
Prevent and treat method: in time dredge ditch water discharge behind the rain, reduce field humidity; In time set up support, wipe out overstocked tendril and old, sick, residual leaf, improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition; Accumulation and the propagation of field pathogen are reduced in the cleaning rural area; Their early stage sprays with 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture or 500～800 times of liquid of 65% zineb;
2. rust
Cause of disease: Puccinia polygoni-amphibii Pers. is a Basidiomycotina, Teliomycetes, Uredinales, handle rest fungus section, Puccinia fungi;
Symptom: circular yellow green scab appears in the initial stage leaf surface, and leaf back forms gradually and bulges into the large and small blister spot of syringe needle shape, is the uredium of germ.Give out yellow rust powder after the blister spot breaks, be the uredospore of germ; Uredium can be on rattan, take place around the leaf margin, but based on leaf back.The later stage site of pathological change grows black thorn-like teleutosorus.Fall ill when serious, sick leaf song contracts, breaks, bores a hole so that comes off, and whole plant is withered;
Occurrence regularity: the rust pathogen survives the winter on the diseased plant dry branches and fallen leaves, and winter and early spring are higher as if temperature, arid short of rain, and survival helps surviving the winter.The germ spore is propagated with air-flow, and March in next year, resting spore was sprouted when temperature is suitable, invaded in host's epidermis.Form scab and produce uredospore on fleece-flower root blade, uredospore borrows the wind and rain propagation to infect again, and May, rust can spread after rainwater increases, the temperature rises, caused and caused harm;
Prevent and treat method: extract old, sick leaf in fleece-flower root bottom and removing field dry branches and fallen leaves, reduce the pathogeny of surviving the winter; Get rid of field ponding behind the rain, reduce field humidity; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer improves the plant premunition; Their early stage sprays 1500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon or 500 times of liquid of 80% zineb;
3. root rot
Cause of disease: Fusarium spp.
Symptom: their early stage, the ground cauline leaf is reveal any symptoms not, and just the fibrous root browning rots.Along with the aggravation of butt rot degree, blade is flavescence gradually, and underground sick portion expands to main root gradually.Cause full root-rot mashed at last, plant is withered gradually from bottom to top.Burn in case the discovery diseased plant should be excavated immediately, and in the cave, spread lime disinfection;
Occurrence regularity: the generation of summer high temperature, the suitable disease of rainy, field ponding;
Prevent and treat method: ponding between rainy season timely drained field; Actively prevent and treat soil insect, can alleviate morbidity; Their early stage waters root with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl.
The normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root also can comprise following fleece-flower root pest control step:
1. aphid
Cause of disease: Aphis sp.
Damage symptom: aphid all can be caused harm at the fleece-flower root each breeding time, and main concentrating sucked the tender tip of the fleece-flower root and the juice of tender leaf, causes leaf-shrinkage to curl, and shoot growth is stagnated.Especially in the fleece-flower root seedling phase, can cause the seedling gesture to weaken when serious, even dead seedling.Aphid not only sucks fleece-flower root juice, and can also transmitted virus, causes the generation of virus disease and popular;
Pests occurrence rule: took place for 20～30 generations in 1 year.Temperature, humidity is influence the principal element whether aphid takes place, hot and humid or too low temperature aphid is bred unfavorable.Aphid laid eggs on branches such as peach and survived the winter winter, also can survive the winter by aptery viviparous female.March in next year hatching, time early summer is to cause harm on the breeding period and the crops such as being diffused into the fleece-flower root that begins to migrate, when mean temperature of air reaches 24 ℃ aphid grow the fastest, be higher than 28 ℃ then unfavorable to it.Rainfall has certain inhibitory action to aphid, and arid then aphid evil increases the weight of, and this insect pest takes place on the fleece-flower root generally, is the primary pest in the fleece-flower root plantation;
Prevent and treat method: utilize the natural enemy protection, main natural enemy has ladybug, Chrysopa etc.; The aphid happiness is clustered in the tender position of fleece-flower root children causes harm, and in time wipes out water sprout, the aphid above eliminating; Select for use 50% to ward off 2500 times of liquid of aphid mist wetting powder or 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid control;
2. grub
Classification and harm: the grub of the fleece-flower root of causing harm mainly is the larva of black suede scarab beetle.Black suede scarab beetle Maladeta orientalis Motschulsky belongs to coleoptera, Scarabaeidae.Imago feeding fleece-flower root blade causes blade to incise, but stings food fleece-flower root root based on the larva grub;
Pests occurrence rule: a generation took place in 1 year, all one's life is through 4 worm attitudes such as ovum, larva, pupa, adults.Survive the winter in soil with larva.Adult began feeding plant blade, tool seemingly-dead property, chemotaxis and cybotaxis to occur May next year.The adult ability of circling in the air is strong, and voluminous ovum is in more place such as rotten organic matter such as chicken manure, barnyard manure, compost and straw, rotten haystack etc., and worm's ovum and larva are brought fleece-flower root grown place into fertilizer, underground root of the fleece-flower root of causing harm.7～August, the sky drought was short of rain, ground, the low farmland running to weeds of soil moisture and use the many plot of barnyard manure, and grub is caused harm seriously.
Prevent and treat method: concentrate composting to become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure, human and animal excreta, kill worm's ovum and larva through hot fermentation; Light trap or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult is set; During it drought, soil moisture is crossed and is hanged down and should in time carry out man-made irrigation, alleviates larva and causes harm; Soil disinfection is carried out in the plot more to grub in the soil before the plantation, during hoe buried after 250 milliliters and 25 kilograms fine earths of every mu of usefulness 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed and stirred and spread fertilizer over the fields.
Biennial fleece-flower root medicinal material output can reach 1500～3000kg/ mu (aquatic foods), 500～1000kg/ mu (doing); The vine of multiflower knotweed 100～500kg/ mu (doing).
Claims (5)
1, a kind of normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root may further comprise the steps:
(1) sapling multiplication
1. the collection of cuttage bar
Acquisition time: grow seedlings spring and gather in 3～May; Grow seedlings autumn and gather in 7～October;
Collecting method: select good, healthy and strong fleece-flower root plant to do to gather maternal plant, reject diseased plant and weak strain simultaneously; With reaping hook each spray that links to each other on the frame is partly cut off, pick spray and tiny branch, stay the annual stem rattan of lignification and semi-lignified, 5cm cuts off from stem rattan ground; Take the bamboo frame carefully apart, take smooth frescade to together with the stem rattan; Bottom from the bamboo frame, untie the stem rattan carefully, simultaneously by specification stainless steel scissors clip cuttage bar, the long 15cm～20cm of cuttage bar, every is stayed 2～3 joints, upper cut is level and smooth, nodal bud 3cm～4cm on the distance, and the lower cut inclined-plane is level and smooth, distance is the downward 2cm of nodal bud head down, be bundled into handle, the lower end requires concordant, back cuttage to be sterilized;
2. put in order ground to choosing
Select that physical features is smooth, water source mellow soil easily, or plastic tunnel is done fleece-flower root sapling multiplication garden;
Whole ground: plough or manually dig with ox, plough the soil block of carefully raking, tilling depth 30cm, inspection is foreign material to the greatest extent;
Seedbed base manure: every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the ox barnyard manure 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and makes base manure, turns over to dig whole carefully, rakes;
Play the railway carriage or compartment: the wide 1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, long 10m～20m, ditch depth 10cm, wide 30cm;
Soil disinfection: spray the railway carriage or compartment face with 750 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, give nursery bed disinfection, cuttage after 5 days;
3. cuttage and seedling culture
The cuttage bar is handled: with above-mentioned cuttage bar, sterilize about 5 seconds with the submergence of 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution before cuttage, drain;
Cuttage: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch is apart from 8cm, ditch depth 8cm.With cuttage bar bud head-up, lean to furrow bank, spacing in the rows 3cm returns soil and fills and leads up, and is tight compact with the spud hammer, and after cuttage finished, water irrigated the seedbed, kept moistening;
4. seedling management
Open country is grown seedlings, and should cover little arch film.Raise seedling in greenhouse also should note keeping the humidity and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;
Temperature: keep 18 ℃～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, when being higher than 30 ℃, it is aeration-cooling to take off film, takes the sunshade net during continuous high temperature and shades;
Humidity: keep enough moisture before germinateing, in time water; After germination is come into leaves, control moisture, take root come into leaves after, look soil moisture content and watered water spray once in per 5～10 days;
Weeding: after cuttage, see that grass promptly removes.(forbid using chemical herbicide) during artificial weeding, note preventing loosening cuttage bar root, in order to avoid influence the growth of cuttage bar.After the weeding, water water of spray;
Topdress: when cuttage bar spray grows to 15cm, spray with sprayer, every 7 days once, spray altogether 3～4 times with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea liquid;
Pinching: as when seedling grows tall to 15cm when above, to cut off toply, height of seedling is remained on about 15cm;
Hardening: transplanting first half of the month, or cuttage seeding is grown to 15cm when above, the ventilation hardening;
5. lifting
Play transplantation of seedlings the previous day, water irrigates the seedbed;
During lifting, carefully dug the cuttage nursery stock along ditch with spud;
Behind the lifting, can not transplant Wan the same day or cuttage seeding to be transported, and concentrated and be stored in ventilation, frescade, and water and preserve moisture, and prevented to wilt;
During transportation, with plastic crate or bamboo basket dress seedling, place vertically and put, root system pushes down, does not preserve moisture;
The nursery stock requirement, height of seedling 20cm～35cm, leading thread＞2mm, well developed root system, anosis worm harm;
(2) field-transplanting
1. select ground
Soil condition: middle subtropical zone monsoon climate mountain area, soil be with fertile, loose, preserve moisture and fertility, loam or sand loam more than the farming bed thickness 30cm, and pH value is 6.0～7.5, organic＞more than 1.0%; The gradient is less than 15 °, the transforming slope into terrace ground of gentle slope belt or 15 °～25 °; Soil environment quality must meet country's " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618～1995) secondary standard or above standard;
Atmospheric conditions: air is pollution-free, meets country's " standard for atmosphere environment quality " (GB3095～96) secondary or above standard, and promptly atmosphere index II is between 0.6～1.0.
Condition of water quality: annual rainfall 1000mm～1500mm, rain hot same period, having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating.Water nonpollution, water quality reach the standard of country " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB5084～85);
2. wholely
Last one year winter, pick up most foreign material when transplanting spring, the cleaning rural area, turn over more than the 30cm, before the transplanting again intensive cultivation once harrow broken leveling; Transplant autumn, turn over more than the 30cm planting first half of the month, before the transplanting, intensive cultivation is harrowed broken leveling once again;
After harrowing broken leveling, spray with 750 times of liquid of 50% wettable carbendazim and to mix the 25kg fine earth with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200ml and spread fertilizer over the fields in soil and sterilize, after 5 days, the recurrence railway carriage or compartment is for transplanting.
3. base manure
In conjunction with play the railway carriage or compartment wholely, execute become thoroughly decomposed ox barnyard manure 2500kg, compoiste fertilizer 100kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg for every mu, with fertilizer according to the above ratio behind the mixing ditching spread fertilizer over the fields equably in the ditch apart from the ditch of 1m, wide 20cm, return soil and fill and lead up, and play the railway carriage or compartment.
4. play the railway carriage or compartment
With the dressing furrow is face center, railway carriage or compartment, and the both sides earthing plays the railway carriage or compartment, makes railway carriage or compartment face width 70cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment;
5. transplant
Transplanting time: 3～June or 9～October;
Select behind the rain fine or cloudy day to play transplantation of seedlings;
On the face of railway carriage or compartment, press the seeding row spacing of 32cm * 30cm, become " product " font to plant two row's fleece-flower root seedlings; Mu seedling 4200 strains, every nest field planting 1 strain;
After having transplanted, as the weather arid, or soil watered normal root water the same day, and in time dredged the drain ditch when dry;
6. fill the gaps with seedlings
After transplanted seedling survives, check that big Tanaka lacks nest and dead growth of cereal crop seedlings condition, in time fills the gaps with seedlings;
(3) field management
1. built
The built material: long 2m, the bamboo pole that thick 1.5～3cm is more straight, fine away in the lower end;
Built method: back about 40 days in transplanting, grow to 20cm when high when the fleece-flower root survives, insert a bamboo pole between two fleece-flower root seedlings of every row, tie with rope the upper end, couple together with bamboo pole and to be barricaded as " people " font frame or adjacent three bamboo poles upper end is tied tapered with rope;
2. put on the shelf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows tall to 40cm, manually help the stem rattan upwards to twine by clockwise direction, easily landing with cord gently with stem rattan bolt on the bamboo frame;
Every strain fleece-flower root only stays two climing putting on the shelf of master, and remaining tiller is cut off from root;
3. pinch and smear leaf
When the Caulis Polygoni Multiflori rattan grows to 2m when high, the point of pinching is erased the following blade of stem rattan bottom 30cm simultaneously;
Too vigorous when overstocked when collateral generation, suitably wipe out side shoot, prevent excessive growth;
4. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial to remove reservation seed collecting, and remaining fleece-flower root connects anthocaulus with secateurs and cuts together when showing bud, takes out of extraterrestrial;
5. intertill and clean tillage
4～July, every weeding in 1 month once 8～September, only removed once March November to next year in conjunction with topdressing weeding once;
Herbicidal methods in conjunction with intertillage, is hoed up weeds with the hoe about wide 15cm, transplants shallow hoe in later six months, and the weeds of plant periphery remove with hand-lifting;
6. topdress
The annual fleece-flower root after being revival from transplanting, is executed urea 10kg/ mu for every mu, imposes compoiste fertilizer one time in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage before blooming for 8～September, and consumption is a 100kg/ mu;
The biennial fleece-flower root in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, respectively imposes compoiste fertilizer one time, consumption 100kg/ mu before 1 year 2～March, germination was come into leaves and before blooming for 8～September;
Fertilizing method:, apart from plant 10cm place trench digging fertilizer is applied in the ditch in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, returns soil and cover, recover the railway carriage or compartment face or between the two strain fleece-flowers root, dig the cave, with fertilizer apply in the cave, blinding;
7. irrigate and draining
Quality of irrigation water must reach two classes and the above water standard of GB5048-1992 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard ".
During transplanting, in time water sufficient normal root water;
After the fleece-flower root survives, look soil moisture content and in time water, arid continuously when weather, particularly pinch after the pruning, meet arid weather, water sufficient water;
When summer or temperature were too high, before at 10 in the morning and water later at 4 in afternoon, the blade in order to avoid high temperature is burnt influenced plant strain growth.
As rainy weather, should notice checking whether the drain ditch is dredged, in rainy season, the railway carriage or compartment ditch is deepened, draining in time.
(4) gather
1. the fleece-flower root gathers
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to excavate after cauline leaf is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook, hoe and plastic crate or bamboo basket.Require totally, not contact harmful substance;
Harvesting standard: the plantation time limit 2 years, polygonum multiforum root tuber index composition 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (C
20H
22O
9) content reaches more than 1.0%;
Collecting method: remove earlier rattan teapoy, after cutting off the stem rattan and do vine of multiflower knotweed harvesting with reaping hook, to begin to excavate from rhizosphere place far away along railway carriage or compartment face direction; When excavating, should note not damaging the piece root, complete dig out polygonum multiforum root tuber after, shrug off earth, remove Gen Di and coring; Basket is adorned in the first by size classification of the polygonum multiforum root tuber of digging out respectively, transported back transfer storage facility and deposit to be processed temporarily;
2. the vine of multiflower knotweed gathers
Collecting time: field planting 10～November, selected fine day or cloudy day to gather after blade is withered after 2 years;
The instrument of gathering: reaping hook;
Harvesting standard: biennial lignification branch, the thick 4～7mm of diameter;
Collecting method: remove rattan teapoy earlier, prescind not lignified branch in top and tiny side shoot with reaping hook, and cut off the stem rattan from ground 5cm, the stem rattan is untied from the bamboo frame, select the thick lignification stem rattan of 4～7mm to make the vine of multiflower knotweed, the stem that the vine of multiflower knotweed is cut into 75cm is long, be bundled into wisp, transport back and dry.
2, the normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
3, the normalized planting method of the fleece-flower root as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprises following step:
(1) fleece-flower root disease control
1. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: in time dredge ditch water discharge behind the rain, reduce field humidity; In time set up support, wipe out overstocked tendril and old, sick, residual leaf, improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition; Accumulation and the propagation of field pathogen are reduced in the cleaning rural area; Their early stage sprays with 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture or 500～800 times of liquid of 65% zineb;
2. rust is prevented and treated method: extract old, sick leaf in fleece-flower root bottom and removing field dry branches and fallen leaves, reduce the pathogeny of surviving the winter; Get rid of field ponding behind the rain, reduce field humidity; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer improves the plant premunition; Their early stage sprays 1500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon or 500 times of liquid of 80% zineb;
3. root rot is prevented and treated method: ponding between rainy season timely drained field; Actively prevent and treat soil insect, can alleviate morbidity; Their early stage waters root with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl.
(2) fleece-flower root pest control step:
1. control of aphids method: utilize the natural enemy protection, main natural enemy has ladybug, Chrysopa etc.; The aphid happiness is clustered in the tender position of fleece-flower root children causes harm, and in time wipes out water sprout, the aphid above eliminating; Select for use 50% to ward off 2500 times of liquid of aphid mist wetting powder or 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid control;
2. grub prevents and treats method: concentrate composting to become thoroughly decomposed through hot fermentation barnyard manure, human and animal excreta, kill worm's ovum and larva; Light trap or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult is set; During it drought, soil moisture is crossed and is hanged down and should in time carry out man-made irrigation, alleviates larva and causes harm; Soil disinfection is carried out in the plot more to grub in the soil before the plantation, during hoe buried after 250 milliliters and 25 kilograms fine earths of every mu of usefulness 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed and stirred and spread fertilizer over the fields.
4, as the normalized planting method of the described fleece-flower root of claim 1-3, wherein in (1) the step sapling multiplication, the cuttage bar of clip should finish in two days in cuttage.
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2004
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