CN1593091A - Pine subgenus evergreen arbor needle oil grafting technology - Google Patents
Pine subgenus evergreen arbor needle oil grafting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1593091A CN1593091A CN 200410043705 CN200410043705A CN1593091A CN 1593091 A CN1593091 A CN 1593091A CN 200410043705 CN200410043705 CN 200410043705 CN 200410043705 A CN200410043705 A CN 200410043705A CN 1593091 A CN1593091 A CN 1593091A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for grafting pine subgenus evergreen silvae characterized by that the technology comprises the steps of, conducing growing facilitation treatment before grafting acquisition, shearing the ingraftment, fetching graft bast blocks with needle leaf beams from the graft, cutting rectangular blocks from the middle lower portion of the stake wood principal branch, plastering the graft bast tightly into the stake wood slot, bundling the ingraftment tightly, conducting growing facilitation treatment again, proceeding late stage watering, trimming, shearing, de-bundling and cold-proofing hibernation.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to the graft technology of plant, be specifically related to the graft technology of a kind of loose subgenus aiphyllium.
Background technology: grow seedlings improved variety and satisfy the demand of market to the nut woods for realizing afforesting, at present, China successively selects the choiceness of the life of a collection of speed, high yield, resistance prednisone subgenus aiphyllium.And these high yield choiceness are because of can be few for expanding numerous material, and it is low and can not apply to expand numerous means backwardness reproduction coefficient, can not form productivity.At present, the coniferous species vegetative propagation adopts the medulla cambium to amplexiform mode more.A branch can only be bred a strain, can only breed 45～90 strains by the scion under adopting on the strain elite stand.Also the someone did the cuttage test, and rooting rate is between 10～15%, and the somebody did needle-leaved bundle cuttage test, and the result can only be taken root, and can not put forth.And the employing tissue culture method can only induce indefinite bud from the explant in children such as embryo, cotyledon, bud age at present, wherein has only the minority bud can form whole plant, and differentiation is unstable, cost is high.Therefore these methods can't solve the problem of fast breeding at present on producing, and also are unfavorable for protecting fine germplasm resources, particularly are unfavorable for the protection to rare tree species.
Summary of the invention: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of graft technology that can expand numerous timber forest and nut woods fast--loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Description of drawings: accompanying drawing is a technological process block-diagram of the present invention.
Method step
The above coniferous specieses of loose subgenus two pins such as Korean pine, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Japanese red pine, changpai scotch pine, siberian dwarf pine all can be done Stock, scion.
1, choose choiceness as adopting the fringe elite stand: choiceness is meant the individuality of the good hereditary quality with speed life, high yield, strong stress resistance that obtains through the screening back.Its source one is through the individuality after the clonal test screening; The 2nd, clonal seed orchard, seedling seed orchard are through the defect individual of progeny test; The 3rd, through the defect individual that sexual hybridization obtained.
2, carry out short before the grafting and sprout processing adopting the fringe elite stand: short sprout to handle be meant before grafting, sprout the plan of adopting on the fringe elite stand adopted the preliminary treatment that branch carries out for promoting the needle-leaved bundle bud of diving.
Three kinds of modes are arranged:
(1), when living shoot grows to 6～15 centimetres then, stem apex is removed;
(2), below 1-3 gives birth to branch 1.5～3 centimeters, encircle bundle with thin wire;
(3), 1.5～3 centimeters are with the half-turn that lancinates below 1-3 gives birth to branch, half-turn is cut again at the rightabout that cuts half-turn in 3 centimetres at interval.
3, scion collection: gather scion the previous day in grafting.When adopting scion, scion is cut bundling, numbering with scissors being longer than through the short 3-5 centimeters of handling branch of sprouting.
4, the transportation of scion and storage: it is nearer that grafting place distance is adopted the scion place, now adopts existing usefulness, and the same day, exhaustless available clear water soaked, and was placed on shady and cool place, can not be above 7～14 days but period of storage is the longest.Adopt the fringe distance, store with refrigerating box, be transported to grafting ground rapidly, keep 2～10 ℃ of low temperature in the case, scion can extend to 14～20 days service time.
5, cultivate stock: select that robust growth, terminal bud are intact, the super seedling of no damage by disease and insect, seedling age is S
1～1The type seedling changes bed, density 100 strains/m
2After changing bed, more than medium, then need not special measure, equally manage with generally changing a seedling as nursery land fertility level.Relatively poor as the nursery fertility, vegetative period nitrogen dressing once, and lateral bud erased, promote the trunk growth.The standard of qualified stock is: the high growth of current growth is greater than 8 centimetres, and the stem rugosity is greater than 0.6 centimetre then.
6, Combination Design: according to graft seedling growth regulation, grafting is with " ten " number expression, be stock before " ten " number, is scion after " ten " number.The selection of stock seeds can be determined according to grafting purpose, existing stock variety.Same seeds grafting is called " with the anvil grafting ", and different seeds graftings are called " different anvil grafting ".
With anvil grafting characteristics is that affinity is strong, graft survival rate is high; The characteristics of different anvil grafting then are to utilize the different biological characteristic of stock and scion, with its generation help surviving, the characteristics of high yield, strong stress resistance, wide accommodation, the deficiency of different anvil grafting is and compares with the anvil grafting, affinity, the low 5-10% of graft survival rate.
As pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Japanese red pine is the stock grafting Korean pine, then can improve Korean pine growth rate, solid ahead of time, simultaneously, has the living characteristic of cold-resistant, drought-enduring, early stage speed of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Japanese red pine, in pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Japanese red pine normal region, can introduce Korean pine.Siberian dwarf pine is inferior arbor species, utilize the short characteristic of its trunk, the grafting Korean pine, can make the tree low bodyization, increase planting density, help the operation of collecting seed, and the changpai scotch pine distinctive seeds that are Forest in Changbai Mountain Forest Region, utilize pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Japanese red pine to be the stock grafting changpai scotch pine, can make changpai scotch pine introduce a fine variety area in addition, natural distribution district.
7, grafting opportunity: hard branch (referring to a complete lignified branch) grafting best opportunity be mean temperature of air at 8.3～13.2 ℃, relative moisture is more than 5%; Spray (referring to not lignified branch) the grafting best opportunity be temperature at 17.6～21.2 ℃, relative temperature is more than 7%.
8, grafting method: adopt tough skin bit pith-cambium grafting method.
Concrete grammar is:
(1), cut needle-leaved bundle: the below upstream sequence by scion cuts.0.4～1.0 centimeters above the needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath and below each partial application of 0.8～1.6 centimeters, then in each partial application of left and right side of needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath, otch reaches xylem deeply, take off 1.6～2.6 centimetres of one piece of length that has a needle-leaved bundle, the tough skin bit of wide 0.4～1.6 centimetre rectangle will expose leaf scar.
(2), cut anvil: then or extract 6～8 centimetres of needles earlier on the stem last year, cut then than scion bast piece length and width each less than 0.2 centimetre rectangular block, expose xylem.
(3), fit: the scion piece is pasted on the stock otch, be adjacent to.
(4), colligation: the scion colligation that posts is tight, expose needle-leaved bundle.
9, connect the back and urge to sprout processing: sprout for making the latent bud of needle-leaved bundle, should stock be carried out truncation after the grafting at once and handle.
(1), on the distance interface 1～5 centimetre cut with top, simultaneously side skill terminal bud is erased.
(2), shortly sprout agent and splash in the leaf sheath, handled once in per 5～10 days with what syringe will prepare.Urge to sprout agent prescription and be: methyl (50～150) ppm+ gibberellin (200～400) ppm+0.5% lanolin.
(3), overlap the bag protection of preserving moisture and connect the position.Do not have side shoot place by the stock top to trapping to trunk with the bag (upper and lower logical open) of preserving moisture, tighten herein, pour into wood chip, often water, make bag interior wood chip of preserving moisture often keep moisture state.
10, administrative skill:
(1), in time water after the grafting, keep good humidity to help surviving.
(2), prune: often check the grafting growing state, find what side shoot had above the scion height, should in time prune, remain scion and be in the top that connects strain, but can not once wipe out side shoot, guaranteeing has enough blades to carry out photosynthesis.
(3), cut stake, separate and tie up: stay for 8～October the stake part to wipe out then more than the butt joint position.When connecing the position when attenuating situation, should in time separate and tie up.Otherwise, can separate 1 year spring and tie up.
11, overwintering technology: when temperature is lower than-2 ℃, when 10 centimetres of temperature are lower than-1～1.5 ℃ in the ground, should carry out the winter protection operation, a kind of method is native winter protection, with hack nursery stock is covered 5 centimetres of thickness and gets final product.Another kind method is the autumn lifting, makes grafting store or heel in the field and survive the winter nursery stock.
Specification requirement:
Require: excellent, accurate, neat, tight, fast five hints on operations.
Excellent: scion will be selected the high-quality scion of stalwartness, high-quality, no damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage;
Accurate: following cutter is accurate, and stock will expose xylem, and scion will be with cambium;
Together: scion and stock are fitted and are wanted neat, and can not reveal has the slit.
Tightly: colligation is serious, tight, simultaneously needle-leaved bundle is exposed.
Hurry up: operating process will reduce otch open-assembly time soon, as far as possible, prevents from otch dehydration, pollution and influence to survive.
Technique effect of the present invention is: the improved variety of growing seedlings for realizing afforesting provides technical support.Also can effectively reduce simultaneously fine individual plant and select quantity; play a role in promoting to protecting fine germplasm resources; particularly protection and the breeding to rare tree species has very strong practicality, and can enrich existing vegetative propagation means, economic benefit and obvious social benefit.
(1) it can increase substantially reproduction coefficient than conventional grafting.Scion of conventional grafting can only grafting one strain, and the scion that a strain is grown up under adopting on the elite stand can only be expanded numerous 45～90 strains.And adopt the needle-leaved bundle grafting, and scion energy grafting 30～40 strains, the adult elite stand of a strain can be expanded numerous 1800～3600 strains, improves 30～40 times of reproduction coefficient, reduces adopting the destruction of fringe elite stand.
(2) it is the same with conventional grafting, can keep maternal good hereditary capacity, and can enter the living phase of speed as early as possible, and is solid ahead of time.
(3) can reduce 30～40 times of good scion collection capacities, reduce significantly and select excellent quantity, the excellent genes resource of protection seeds is damaged less.
The specific embodiment of the invention:
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica+Korean pine
One, scion seeds: Korean pine
1, Korean pine characteristics: material is good, and timber, seed economic worth height are of many uses.
2, Korean pine deficiency: growth rate is slow, and soil, moisture, fertility are required height, and accommodation is little.
Two, stock seeds: pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
1, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica characteristics: fast growth, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, barren-resistant, wide accommodation.
2, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica deficiency: material is poor, and economic worth is low.
Therefore, select pinus sylvestris var. mongolica grafting Korean pine can reach the purpose of mutual supplement with each other's advantages.
Three, select good Korean pine clone
Four, carry out urging to sprout processing before the grafting to adopting the fringe Korean pine.
Five, scion collection
Gather scion the previous day in grafting.When adopting scion, scion is cut bundling, numbering with scissors being longer than through short 3～5 centimeters of handling branch of sprouting.
Six, select stock
Select robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, height of seedling greater than 30 centimetres, stem greater than 1 centimetre, high growth then S greater than 8 centimetres
1-2The type pinus sylvestris seedling.
Seven, grafting
Concrete grammar: adopt tough skin bit pith-cambium grafting method.
1, cut needle-leaved bundle: the below upstream sequence by scion cuts.0.4～1.0 centimeters above the needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath and below each partial application of 0.8～1.6 centimeters, then in each partial application of left and right side of needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath, otch reaches xylem deeply, take off 1.6～2.6 centimetres of one piece of length that has a needle-leaved bundle, the tough skin bit of wide 0.4～1.6 centimetre rectangle will expose leaf scar.
2, cut anvil: then or extract 6～8 centimetres of needles on the last year stem earlier, cut then than scion bast piece length and width each less than 0.2 centimetre rectangular block, expose xylem.
3, fit: the scion piece is embedded on the stock otch, be adjacent to.
4, colligation: with plastic strip or tearing film that the scion colligation that posts is tight, expose needle-leaved bundle.
Eight, connect the back and urge to sprout processing, sprout, should stock be carried out truncation after the grafting at once and handle for making the latent bud of needle-leaved bundle.
1, on the distance interface 1～5 centimetre cut with top, simultaneously side skill terminal bud is erased.
2, shortly sprout 1～2 of agent and splash in the leaf sheath with what syringe will prepare, handled once in per 5～10 days.
3, preserve moisture bag protection of sleeving plastic connects the position.Do not have side shoot place by the stock top to trapping to trunk with plastic sack (upper and lower logical open), tighten herein, pour into wood chip, often water, make that wood chip often keeps moisture state in the plastic sack.
Nine, administrative skill
1, in time waters after the grafting, keep good humidity to help surviving.
2, prune: often check the grafting growing state, find what side shoot had above the scion height, should in time prune, remain scion and be in the top that connects strain, but can not once wipe out side shoot, guaranteeing has enough blades to carry out photosynthesis.
3, cut stake, separate and tie up: stay a part more than the butt joint position 8～October then, wipe out with sharp pruner.When connecing the position when attenuating situation, should in time separate and tie up, otherwise, can separate 1 year spring and tie up.
Ten, overwintering technology
When temperature is lower than-2 ℃, when 10 centimetres of temperature are lower than-1～-1.5 ℃ in the ground, should carry out the winter protection operation.
Claims (7)
1, pine subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology, it is characterized in that: the above coniferous species of loose subgenus two pins, all can do stock, scion, adopt branch and pluck stem apex adopting plan on the fringe elite stand before the scion collection, the ring bundle, before connecing, girdling etc. urge to sprout processing, with scissors scion is cut being longer than through short 3～5 centimeters of handling branch of sprouting, in the scion above the needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath 0.4～1.0 centimeters and below each partial application of 0.8～1.6 centimeters, reach xylem deeply, take off long 1.6～2.6 centimetres, wide 0.4～1.6 centimetre of tough skin bit of scion that has needle-leaved bundle, be selected between 6～8 centimetres of the middle and lower parts of stock major branch branch and be grafting part, extract needle earlier, cut then than scion bast block length, wide each less than 0.2 centimetre rectangular block, expose xylem, the tough skin bit of scion is closely pasted in the stock otch, the scion that posts is tightened, expose needle-leaved bundle, connect the back after the grafting and urge to sprout processing, in time water, prune, cut stake, separate and tie up, winter protection final-period management such as survive the winter.
2, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described stock: select robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, height of seedling greater than 30 centimetres, stem greater than 1 centimetre, high growth then S greater than 8 centimetres
1-2Type pine subgenus aiphyllium nursery stock.
3, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that will sprouting processing through short before connecing before the described scion collection, and three kinds of modes are arranged:
(1), when living shoot grows to 6～15 centimetres then, stem apex is removed;
(2), below giving birth to branch in 1～3 year 1.5～3 centimeters, encircle bundle with thin wire;
(3), 1.5～3 centimeters are with the half-turn that lancinates below giving birth to branch in 1～3 year, half-turn is cut again at the rightabout that cuts half-turn in 3 centimetres at interval.
4, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that urging to sprout processing after described the connecing, and processing method is:
(1), in distance interface top 1～5 centimeters, stock top is cut, carry out truncation and handle, simultaneously side skill terminal bud is erased.
(2), 1～2 short sprouted agent and splashes in the scion needle-leaved bundle leaf sheath, instiled once in per 5～10 days.
(3), preserve moisture bag protection of cover connects the position, do not have side shoot place by the stock top to trapping to trunk with preserving moisture bag, tightens herein, pours into wood chip, often waters, and makes bag interior wood chip of preserving moisture often keep moisture state.
5, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that claim 4 is described and short sprout agent and be: methyl (50～150) ppm+ gibberellin (200～400) ppm+0.5% lanolin.
6, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: after the grafting, find that side shoot has above scion highly, should in time prune, remain scion and be in the top that connects strain, but can not once wipe out side shoot, guaranteeing has enough blades to carry out photosynthesis.
7, loose subgenus aiphyllium needle-leaved bundle graft technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when temperature is lower than-2 ℃, when 10 centimetres of temperature are lower than-1～-1.5 ℃ in the ground, should carry out the winter protection operation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410043705 CN1284437C (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | Pine subgenus evergreen arbor needle oil grafting technology |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410043705 CN1284437C (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | Pine subgenus evergreen arbor needle oil grafting technology |
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| CN1593091A true CN1593091A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN1284437C CN1284437C (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1994052B (en) * | 2006-01-05 | 2011-05-11 | 尹世亮 | Seedling raising process using black pine to engraft white bark pine |
| CN102197774A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-28 | 郑怡 | Novel method for changing varieties of fruit-trees (economic forest) |
| CN102422767A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 靖宇县特产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis |
| CN102612970A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-01 | 常熟市海虹苗木花卉有限公司 | Cephalotaxus sinensis grafting method |
| CN102823437A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Single brachyblast grafting method for Japanese black pine and Japanese red pine |
| CN103098653A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of albizia falcataria |
| CN104885843A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-09 | 冉永军 | Cold resisting method of transplanting seedlings of needle-leaved trees in cold and arid regions |
| CN112136533A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2020-12-29 | 内蒙古国华园林绿化有限责任公司 | Method for grafting Korean pine by taking pinus sylvestris as rootstock |
| CN116076252A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-05-09 | 华中农业大学 | Precise application method of exogenous substances for strong seedling cultivation of grafted seedlings |
-
2004
- 2004-07-12 CN CN 200410043705 patent/CN1284437C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1994052B (en) * | 2006-01-05 | 2011-05-11 | 尹世亮 | Seedling raising process using black pine to engraft white bark pine |
| CN102197774A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-28 | 郑怡 | Novel method for changing varieties of fruit-trees (economic forest) |
| CN102422767A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 靖宇县特产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis |
| CN102422767B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-11-28 | 靖宇县特产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis |
| CN102612970A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-01 | 常熟市海虹苗木花卉有限公司 | Cephalotaxus sinensis grafting method |
| CN102612970B (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2013-09-11 | 常熟市海虹苗木花卉有限公司 | Cephalotaxus sinensis grafting method |
| CN102823437B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Single brachyblast grafting method for Japanese black pine and Japanese red pine |
| CN102823437A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Single brachyblast grafting method for Japanese black pine and Japanese red pine |
| CN103098653A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of albizia falcataria |
| CN103098653B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-04-23 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of albizia falcataria |
| CN104885843A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-09 | 冉永军 | Cold resisting method of transplanting seedlings of needle-leaved trees in cold and arid regions |
| CN104885843B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-07-21 | 冉永军 | Cold drought-hit area coniferous tree changes a seedling cold-resistant method |
| CN112136533A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2020-12-29 | 内蒙古国华园林绿化有限责任公司 | Method for grafting Korean pine by taking pinus sylvestris as rootstock |
| CN116076252A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-05-09 | 华中农业大学 | Precise application method of exogenous substances for strong seedling cultivation of grafted seedlings |
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| CN1284437C (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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Granted publication date: 20061115 |