CN1515025A - 半导体片的分割方法 - Google Patents

半导体片的分割方法 Download PDF

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CN1515025A
CN1515025A CNA038003813A CN03800381A CN1515025A CN 1515025 A CN1515025 A CN 1515025A CN A038003813 A CNA038003813 A CN A038003813A CN 03800381 A CN03800381 A CN 03800381A CN 1515025 A CN1515025 A CN 1515025A
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关家一马
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Abstract

一种半导体片的分割方法,当把在由直道划分的多个区域中形成有电路的半导体片分割成各个电路的半导体芯片时,至少用遮盖构件15覆盖半导体片W的电路面,通过激光光线的照射来除去覆盖着直道S的上部的遮盖构件15,对除去覆盖直道S的上部的遮盖构件15的半导体片W进行化学蚀刻,侵蚀直道,分割成各个半导体芯片C。因为不需要光掩膜或曝光装置,所以经济并且简便,因为不用切削半导体片,所以能形成没有缺陷或剥落的半导体片芯片。

Description

半导体片的分割万法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过化学蚀刻处理分割半导体片来作为各芯片的半导体片分割方法。
背景技术
图10所示的半导体片W通过胶带T与框F成为一体。在半导体片W的表面上,直道S隔开一定间隔排列成格子状,在由直道S划分的多个矩形区域中形成电路。而且,通过使用旋转刀切削直道S而形成各半导体芯片
但是,在利用旋转刀进行的切削中存在以下问题:有时在半导体芯片的外周产生细小的缺陷或应力,由于该缺陷或应力而导致抗折强度下降,由于外力或加热周期而使半导体芯片容易破损,寿命缩短。例如在厚度50μm以下的半导体芯片中,所述缺陷或应力就成为致命的问题。
因此,正在研究不使用旋转刀,而通过化学蚀刻处理来分割半导体片的方法。该方法首先在形成了电路的半导体片W的表面上形成光致抗蚀剂膜,使用光掩膜仅使直道的上部曝光,除去因曝光而变质的光致抗蚀剂膜后,通过蚀刻对直道进行侵蚀来分割成各个半导体片。
但是,在上述方法中,为了仅使覆盖直道的上部的光致抗蚀剂膜曝光,必须准备多种与半导体片W的大小以及直道间隔单独对应的光掩膜,所以存在着经济上不合算并且管理繁琐这样的问题。
另外,还存在以下问题:因为需要使形成在半导体片W的表面的直道S和与它对应形成在光掩模上的对应部分进行精密位置对位来进行曝光的曝光装置和用于除去因曝光而变质的胶带构件的除去装置,所以会导致设备投资的增大。
而且,当使用靠蚀刻处理无法除去的材料在半导体片W的直道S上形成了对齐标记等图案时,存在着实质上无法分割半导体片W这样的问题。
为了解决这样的问题,例如特开2001-127011号公报所公开的发明那样,提出了由光致抗蚀剂膜覆盖半导体片的整个电路面,使用旋转刀用机械方法除去覆盖直道的上部的光致抗蚀剂膜,然后用化学方法蚀刻、分割成各个半导体芯片的方法。
但是,利用该方法时,在除去直道的上部的光致抗蚀剂膜时,有时旋转刀也会切入半导体片,以至在半导体片中产生缺陷,导致抗折强度下降。特别是,当为在硅片上层叠了多个极薄的层间绝缘膜(低介电常数绝缘膜)的多层构造的半导体片时,如果旋转刀的切入量哪怕稍微大一点,也有可能会使旋转刀切入绝缘膜中,使绝缘膜象云母那样剥落。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于:在通过化学蚀刻处理来分割半导体片时,用经济效益好的方法来形成没有缺陷、应力、剥离等的高质量的芯片。
本发明是一种半导体片的分割方法,把在由直道划分的多个区域中形成有电路的半导体片分割成各个电路的半导体芯片,包括:至少用遮盖构件遮盖半导体片的电路面的遮盖步骤;通过激光光线的照射除去覆盖直道的上部的遮盖构件的遮盖构件除去步骤;对除去了覆盖着直道的上部的遮盖构件的半导体片进行化学蚀刻,通过侵蚀直道来分割成各个半导体芯片的化学蚀刻处理步骤。
而且,所述半导体片的分割方法把以下各项作为附加要件:在遮盖构件除去步骤中,在利用激光光线除去遮盖构件之前,在直道的上部的遮盖构件上形成切削沟,使遮盖构件的切削剩余部的厚度均匀,然后向切削沟的底部照射激光光线,除去遮盖构件;半导体片是在半导体衬底上形成多层布线的半导体片,在直道上层叠着层间绝缘膜;当在直道上形成通过化学蚀刻无法除去的覆盖层时,在遮盖构件除去步骤中,向直道上照射激光光线,除去覆盖层;化学蚀刻步骤中的化学蚀刻处理是基于氟类气体的干蚀刻处理;半导体片的厚度为50μm以下。
在采用所述结构的半导体片的分割方法中,用遮盖构件覆盖半导体片的电路面,通过激光光线除去直道上的遮盖构件后,通过用化学方法蚀刻直道,分割为各半导体片,所以不使用光掩膜、曝光装置等,就能形成没有缺陷等的抗折强度高的半导体片芯片。
另外,当分割层叠多个极薄的层间绝缘膜时,通过使用激光光线,不对层间绝缘膜施加象切削那样的冲击力,所以层间绝缘膜不会象云母那样剥落。
而且,当除去直道上的遮盖构件时,如果预先通过切削来形成切削沟之后,形成切削剩余部,然后,通过激光光线除去切削剩余部,这样一来,就能使切削剩余部的厚度均匀,所以可以不用改变激光光线的扫描速度、电压,而以一定值进行照射。
附图说明
下面简要说明附图。
图1A是表示遮盖步骤的刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图1B是表示遮盖构件除去步骤刚结束之后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图1C是表示化学蚀刻处理步骤刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图2是表示遮盖步骤中使用的旋转镀膜机一例的立体图。
图3是表示遮盖构件除去步骤中使用的激光加工装置一例的立体图。
图4是表示化学蚀刻处理步骤中使用的干蚀刻装置一例的立体图。
图5是表示同一干蚀刻装置的搬出搬入室和处理室的剖视图。
图6是表示同一干蚀刻装置的处理室和气体供给部的结构的说明图。
图7A是表示遮盖步骤结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图7B是表示遮盖构件除去步骤中的切削沟形成后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图7C是表示遮盖构件除去步骤刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图7D是表示化学蚀刻处理步骤刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
图8是表示遮盖构件除去步骤中的切削沟形成中使用的切削装置一例的立体图。
图9是表示设定构成同一切削装置的切削部件基准位置的样子的说明图。
图10是表示通过保持胶带与框成为一体的半导体片的平面图。
具体实施方式
首先,参照图1A~图6来说明用于实施本发明的优选实施例1。图1A、图1B、图1C是按步骤顺序表示本发明的半导体片的分割方法,图1A是表示遮盖步骤的刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图;图1B是表示遮盖构件除去步骤刚结束之后的半导体片W的状态的说明图;图1C是表示化学蚀刻处理步骤刚结束后的半导体片W的状态的说明图。
在遮盖步骤中,例如使用图2所示的旋转镀膜机10,在半导体片W的表面形成遮盖构件。在旋转镀膜机10中,保持半导体片W的保持台11由驱动部12驱动,能旋转,在堵塞环状的框F的开口部而从背面一侧粘贴的胶带T的粘贴面上粘贴半导体片W的背面,通过胶带T与框F成为一体的半导体片W使电路面向上,保持在保持胶带11上。
而且,通过一边使保持台11高速旋转,一边从滴下部13向半导体片W的电路面上滴下抗蚀剂聚合物,如图1A所示,使电路面的一面由遮盖构件15遮盖(遮盖步骤)。在此,为了高效地进行以后的步骤,遮盖构件15的厚度最好为10μm~50μm以下。
须指出的是,遮盖构件15并不局限于如上所述那样,通过旋转镀膜而形成的抗蚀剂膜,也可以是粘贴在半导体片W上那样类型的胶带等。
接着,在遮盖构件除去步骤中,在遮盖步骤中遮盖的遮盖构件15中,只除去覆盖半导体片W的电路面上形成的直道的上部的部分。
在遮盖构件除去步骤中,例如使用图3所示的激光加工装置20。在该激光加工装置20中,通过胶带T与框F成为一体,并且表面被遮盖构件15覆盖的多个半导体片W收容在盒子21中。
而且,与框F成为一体,并且表面被遮盖构件15覆盖的半导体片W一片一片由搬出入部件22取出到临时放置区23,由输送部件24吸附,输送到固定台25上进行保持。
接着,通过使固定台25在+X方向移动,半导体片W首先位于对齐部件26的正下方,在在此检测直道,进行该直道和构成激光照射部件27的照射部28的Y轴方向的对位(对齐)。须指出的是,当遮盖构件15为半透明时,通过使用红外线进行对齐,能透射遮盖构件15检测直道。
如果这样进行对位,就通过固定台25在+X方向移动,从照射部28向检测的直道的上部的遮盖构件15照射激光光线,除去照射的部分的遮盖构件15。
然后,一边按每个直道间隔向Y轴方向进给(送出)激光照射部件27,一边使固定台25在X轴方向往返移动,除去同方向的全部直道的上部的遮盖构件。
使固定台25旋转90度后,如果与所述同样进行激光光线的照射,就如图1B所示,在一面遮盖在电路面上的遮盖构件15中,只除去直道S的上部的遮盖构件15(遮盖构件除去步骤)。
这样一来,通过使用激光光线来除去直道的上部的遮盖构件,以往的利用曝光的方法中所需要的专用光掩膜、曝光装置、除去装置就不再需要了,不但经济效益高,而且还能高效地执行步骤。
如果对全部半导体片,遮盖构件除去步骤一结束,就按各盒子21输送到接下来的化学蚀刻步骤中。在化学蚀刻步骤中,使用例如图4所示的干蚀刻装置30。
图4所示的干蚀刻装置30大致由进行从激光加工装置20输送来的盒子21的半导体片W的搬出和化学蚀刻步骤结束后的半导体片W向盒子21的搬入的搬出入部件31、收容由搬出入部件31搬出入的半导体片W的搬出搬入室32、进行干蚀刻的处理室33、向处理室33内供给蚀刻气体的气体供给部34构成。
遮盖构件除去步骤结束的半导体片W由搬出入部件31从盒子21取出。然后搬出搬入室32上设置的第一门35打开,把半导体片W放置在位于图5所示的搬出搬入室32内的保持部36上。
如图5所示,搬出搬入室32和处理室33由第二门37遮断,在第二门37打开时,保持部36能在搬出搬入室32的内部和处理室33的内部之间移动。
如图6所示,在处理室33中,在上下方向对峙配置连接在高频电源和调谐器38上,并且产生等离子体的一对高频电极39,在本实施例中,成为一方的高频电极39兼任保持部36的结构。另外,在保持部36上设置有冷却保持的半导体片的冷却部40。
而在气体供给部34中具有:存储蚀刻气体的容器41;把容器41中存储的蚀刻气体向处理室33供给的泵42;向冷却部40供给冷却水的冷水循环器43;向保持部36供给吸引力的吸引泵44;吸引处理室33内的蚀刻气体的吸引泵45;中和吸引泵45吸引的蚀刻气体向排出部47排出的过滤器46。
当干蚀刻遮盖构件除去步骤结束的半导体片W时,打开搬出搬入室32上设置的第一门35,搬出入部件31保持半导体片W,向图5箭头方向移动,使表面向上,把半导体片W放置在位于搬出搬入室32内的保持部36上。然后,关闭第一门35,使搬出搬入室32为真空。
接着,通过打开第二门37,使保持部36在处理室33内移动,半导体片W收容在处理室33内。在处理室33内,通过泵42供给蚀刻气体例如稀薄的氟类气体,并且从高频电源和调谐器38向高频电极39供给高频电压,通过等离子体干蚀刻半导体片W的表面。此时,通过冷水循环器43向冷却部40供给冷却水。
如果这样进行干蚀刻,则半导体片W的表面中,覆盖在直道的上部的遮盖构件在遮盖构件除去步骤中除去,但是其他部分由遮盖构件覆盖,所以只有直道通过蚀刻处理被侵蚀,如图1C所示,分割成各个半导体芯片C(化学蚀刻步骤)。
在蚀刻结束后,通过吸引泵45吸引提供给处理室33的蚀刻气体,在过滤器46中中和,从排出部47向外部排出。然后,使处理室33内为真空,打开第二门37,把保持了蚀刻完毕的半导体片W的保持部36移动到搬出搬入室32,关闭第二门37。
如果半导体片W移动到搬出搬入室32,就打开第一门35,搬出入部件31保持半导体片W,从搬出搬入室32搬出,收容在盒子21中。
通过对全部半导体片进行以上所示的步骤,利用化学蚀刻处理来分割的全部半导体片片被收容在收容到盒子21中。须指出的是,有必要使用适当的溶剂除去遮盖在各半导体片芯片C的表面上的遮盖构件。
由于这样形成的各半导体片芯片C不是使用旋转刀通过切削而分割的,所以能得到没有缺陷或应力的高质量的半导体片芯片。特别是在厚度为50μm以下的薄半导体片时,如果基于切削分割的方法,则容易产生缺陷或应力,所以如果利用本发明,则特别有效。
另外,当半导体片W为在半导体衬底上层叠多个极薄的半导体片W的多层构造的半导体片时,通过使用激光光线,不会在层间绝缘膜上作用切削时那样的冲击力,所以层间绝缘膜不会象云母那样剥落。
另外,半导体片的厚度越大,干蚀刻处理所花费时间越多,但是如果是厚度50μm以下的薄半导体片,则干蚀刻处理并不需要这么多时间,所以能确保生产性,在这一点上,本发明是有用的。
须指出的是,当在直道上形成蚀刻处理中无法除去的图案等覆盖层时,在遮盖构件除去步骤中,如果向该覆盖层照射激光光线,就能除去该覆盖层,所以通过蚀刻能分割形成这样的图案的半导体片。
下面,参照图7A~图9说明用于实施本发明的实施例2。图7A表示遮盖步骤的结束后的半导体片W的状态,图7B表示遮盖构件除去步骤中的半导体片W的状态,图7C表示遮盖构件除去步骤结束后的半导体片W的状态,图7D表示化学蚀刻处理步骤的结束之后的半导体片W的状态。
在遮盖步骤中,通过与图2所示的方法同样的方法,在半导体片W的表面形成遮盖构件15。
在遮盖构件除去步骤中,首先,使用图8所示的切削装置50,如图7(B)所示,在直道的上部的遮盖构件15上形成切削沟15a。
在该切削装置50中,收容着通过胶带T与框F成为一体,并且表面被遮盖构件15遮盖的多个半导体片W。
然后,与框F成为一体,并且表面被遮盖构件15遮盖的半导体片W通过搬出入部件52取出到临时放置区53,被输送部件54吸引,输送到固定台55保持。
通过固定台55在+X方向移动,半导体片W首先位于对齐部件56的正下方,在在此检测直道,进行该直道和构成切削部件57的旋转刀58的Y轴方向的对位(对齐)。须指出的是,当遮盖构件15半透明时,如果进行基于红外线的对齐,则透射遮盖构件15能检测直道。
如果这样进行对位,则固定台55在+X方向移动,并且旋转刀58一边高速旋转,切削部件57一边下降,高速旋转的旋转刀58切入检测的直道的上部的遮盖构件15中。
此时,通过以高精度控制基于旋转刀58的切入量,不完全除去直道的上部的遮盖构件15,形成切削沟15a。即如图7B所示,进行切削,形成切削剩余部15b。
在此,为了以高精度控制基于旋转刀58的切入量,有必要预先设定切削部件57的基准位置。因此,如图9所示,在轴59上安装了旋转刀58的由凸缘60a、60b和螺母61固定的结构的切削部件57渐渐下降,在检测部62检测旋转刀58和固定台55的周围的金属部55a接触时的导通,此时的切削部件57的位置为Z轴方向的基准位置。
金属部55a的表面和固定台55的表面处于同一平面上,半导体片W的背面无间隙地吸附在固定台55上,所以,如果以所述基准位置为基准,与形成全部切削沟15a时同样控制旋转刀58的Z轴方向的位置,则切削剩余部15b的厚度都以高精度变得均匀。
如果一边使固定台55在X轴方向往返移动,一边把切削部件57按各直道间隔在Y轴方向进给(送出),来进行上述的切削,则在同方向的直道的上部形成切削沟15a,并且形成切削剩余部15b。
如果使固定台55旋转90度后,与所述同样进行切削,则在全部沟的上部的遮盖构件15上形成切削沟15a,并且形成切削剩余部15b(遮盖构件除去步骤)。
接着,通过与图3所示的方法同样的方法,如果向切削沟15a的底部即切削剩余部15b照射激光光线,则如图7C所示,除去切削剩余部15b(遮盖构件除去步骤)。
这样,如果最初形成切削沟15a,形成切削剩余部15b,则即使假定遮盖构件15的表面不平滑,切削剩余部15b的厚度也会以高精度均匀,所以不改变激光光线的扫描速度、电压,就能高效而顺利地除去遮盖构件15。
接着,通过使用图4~图6所示的干蚀刻装置30,蚀刻半导体片W的沟,如图7D所示,分割成各个半导体芯片C。
须指出的是,在以上的说明中,通过干蚀刻进行化学蚀刻处理步骤,但是并不局限于干蚀刻,也可以通过把半导体片浸渍于氟酸类的蚀刻液体中的湿蚀刻进行。
产业上的可应用性
综上所述,本发明的半导体片的分割方法用遮盖构件遮盖半导体片的电路面,通过激光光线除去直道上的遮盖构件后,通过用化学方法对直道进行蚀刻,分割成各个半导体片芯片,所以在制造无缺陷、抗折强度高的高质量半导体片芯片时是有用的。特别是在分割层叠了多个极薄的层间绝缘膜的多层构造的半导体片时,通过使用激光光线,就不会在层间绝缘膜上施加象切削那样的冲击力,从而使绝缘膜不会象云母那样剥落,所以特别有效。

Claims (6)

1.一种半导体片的分割方法,把在由直道划分的多个区域中形成有电路的半导体片分割成各个电路的半导体芯片,其特征在于:包括:
至少用遮盖构件来遮盖该半导体片的电路面的遮盖步骤;
利用激光光线的照射来除去覆盖着该直道的上部的遮盖构件的遮盖构件除去步骤;
对除去了覆盖着该直道的上部的遮盖构件的半导体片进行化学蚀刻,侵蚀该直道而分割成各个半导体芯片的化学蚀刻处理步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体片的分割方法,其特征在于:
在遮盖构件除去步骤中,在利用激光光线除去遮盖构件之前,在直道的上部的遮盖构件上形成切削沟,使该遮盖构件的切削剩余部的厚度均匀,然后向该切削沟的底部照射激光光线,除去遮盖构件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体片的分割方法,其特征在于:
半导体片是在半导体衬底上形成有多层布线的半导体片,在直道上层叠着层间绝缘膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的半导体片的分割方法,其特征在于:
当在直道上形成了通过化学蚀刻无法除去的覆盖层时,在遮盖构件除去步骤中,向该直道上照射激光光线来除去覆盖层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体片的分割方法,其特征在于:
化学蚀刻步骤中的化学蚀刻处理是利用氟类气体进行的干蚀刻处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体片的分割方法,其特征在于:
半导体片的厚度为50μm以下。
CNA038003813A 2002-02-25 2003-02-06 半导体片的分割方法 Pending CN1515025A (zh)

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