CN1396959A - 利用还原金属液池由钢渣制造水泥行业用火山灰接合剂的方法 - Google Patents
利用还原金属液池由钢渣制造水泥行业用火山灰接合剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1396959A CN1396959A CN01804271A CN01804271A CN1396959A CN 1396959 A CN1396959 A CN 1396959A CN 01804271 A CN01804271 A CN 01804271A CN 01804271 A CN01804271 A CN 01804271A CN 1396959 A CN1396959 A CN 1396959A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- basicity
- reduction
- oxide
- cao
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002989 correction material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B5/00—Treatment of metallurgical slag ; Artificial stone from molten metallurgical slag
- C04B5/06—Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag or to the granulating medium or before remelting; Treatment with gases or gas generating compounds, e.g. to obtain porous slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/04—Making slag of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
渣 | |
wt% | |
CaO | 45.1 |
SiO2 | 15.6 |
Al2O3 | 3.3 |
MgO | 6.7 |
TiO2 | 1.1 |
FeO | 25.7 |
MnO | 2.5 |
CaO/SiO2 | 2.9 |
熔化还原前的渣成分 | |
Wt% | |
CaO | 35.5 |
SiO2 | 32.2 |
Al2O3 | 9.4 |
MgO | 5.5 |
TiO2 | 0.4 |
FeO | 15.4 |
MnO | 1.6 |
CaO/SiO2 | 1.1 |
熔化还原后的渣成分 | |
wt% | |
CaO | 44.7 |
SiO2 | 34.5 |
Al2O3 | 14.5 |
MgO | 4.3 |
TiO2 | 0.3 |
FeO | 0.8 |
MnO | 0.9 |
CaO/SiO2 | 1.3 |
渣 | |
wt% | |
CaO | 47.8 |
SiO2 | 26.3 |
Al2O3 | 5.9 |
MgO | 8.9 |
TiO2 | 1.3 |
FeO | 1.7 |
MnO | 1.4 |
Cr2O3 | 6.7 |
CaO/SiO2 | 1.8 |
熔化还原前的渣成分 | |
wt% | |
CaO | 35.6 |
SiO2 | 35.8 |
Al2O3 | 14.1 |
MgO | 6.7 |
TiO2 | 1.4 |
FeO | 1.3 |
MnO | 1.0 |
Cr2O3 | 4.1 |
CaO/SiO2 | 1.0 |
熔化还原后的渣成分 | |
wt% | |
CaO | 45.0 |
SiO2 | 31.4 |
Al2O3 | 14.4 |
MgO | 5.9 |
TiO2 | 1.3 |
FeO | 1.1 |
MnO | 0.8 |
Cr2O3 | 0.03 |
CaO/SiO2 | 1.4 |
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM62/2000 | 2000-01-28 | ||
AT622000 | 2000-01-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1396959A true CN1396959A (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
CN1206369C CN1206369C (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
Family
ID=3480504
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB018042716A Expired - Fee Related CN1206369C (zh) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-18 | 利用还原金属液池由钢渣制造水泥行业用火山灰磨细添加料的方法 |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6676747B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1252341B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003526735A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100602817B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1206369C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR027282A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE309395T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU778658B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0107802B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2398341C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ298618B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE50107982D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2250423T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0203822A2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02007081A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ519823A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL194967B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2232730C2 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK286295B6 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA74174C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001055457A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200205110B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2809390B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-03-07 | Lafarge Sa | Procede de traitement oxydant des laitiers d'acierie et scories ld obtenues |
US7341105B2 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-03-11 | Holcim (Us) Inc. | Cementitious compositions for oil well cementing applications |
DE102008058573A1 (de) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zementklinker |
KR101342137B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-12-13 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 용융 고로 슬래그 및 고온 래들 슬래그를 이용한 알루미나 시멘트 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2018107251A1 (pt) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Instituto De Pesquisas Tecnológicas Do Estado De São Paulo S/A – Ipt | Tratamento siderúrgico de escória de aciaria para uso como adição ao cimento portland |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT327569B (de) * | 1972-02-15 | 1976-02-10 | Graenges | Verfahren zur vollstandigen, okonomischen und umweltschutzenden behandlung von metallurgischen schlacken |
US4793933A (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1988-12-27 | Rostoker, Inc. | Waste treatment method for metal hydroxide electroplating sludges |
JPH0222154A (ja) * | 1988-07-11 | 1990-01-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 精練スラグの処理方法 |
BR9405583A (pt) * | 1993-09-07 | 1999-09-08 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Processo para preparação de aço e aglutinantes hidraulicamente ativos |
JPH07278633A (ja) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | 溶融還元法 |
ZA963234B (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-07-29 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Process for the production of hydraulic binders and/or alloys such as e g ferrochromium of ferrovanadium |
AT405944B (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-12-27 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zum reduzieren von oxidischen schlacken |
HRP970303B1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 2002-06-30 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Method for making pozzolans, synthetic blast-furnance slag, belite or alite clinkers, and pig-iron alloys, from oxidic slag and a device for implementing this method |
AT404723B (de) * | 1997-04-09 | 1999-02-25 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zur herstellung von sulfatzement oder sulfatzementzuschlagstoffen |
AT406262B (de) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-03-27 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum granulieren und zerkleinern von flüssigen schlacken |
-
2001
- 2001-01-18 WO PCT/AT2001/000013 patent/WO2001055457A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-18 CZ CZ20022813A patent/CZ298618B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 CA CA 2398341 patent/CA2398341C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-18 MX MXPA02007081A patent/MXPA02007081A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-18 NZ NZ519823A patent/NZ519823A/en unknown
- 2001-01-18 KR KR20027009590A patent/KR100602817B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 RU RU2002123060A patent/RU2232730C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 DE DE50107982T patent/DE50107982D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 US US10/182,046 patent/US6676747B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 EP EP01946898A patent/EP1252341B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 ES ES01946898T patent/ES2250423T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-18 CN CNB018042716A patent/CN1206369C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-18 AU AU28171/01A patent/AU778658B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-18 JP JP2001554486A patent/JP2003526735A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-18 PL PL356342A patent/PL194967B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 BR BR0107802A patent/BR0107802B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 UA UA2002075484A patent/UA74174C2/uk unknown
- 2001-01-18 AT AT01946898T patent/ATE309395T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 HU HU0203822A patent/HUP0203822A2/hu unknown
- 2001-01-18 SK SK954-2002A patent/SK286295B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-25 AR ARP010100312 patent/AR027282A1/es unknown
-
2002
- 2002-06-25 ZA ZA200205110A patent/ZA200205110B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0107802A (pt) | 2002-10-22 |
AU778658B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
AR027282A1 (es) | 2003-03-19 |
PL194967B1 (pl) | 2007-07-31 |
KR100602817B1 (ko) | 2006-07-20 |
UA74174C2 (uk) | 2005-11-15 |
US6676747B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
ATE309395T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
JP2003526735A (ja) | 2003-09-09 |
ES2250423T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
HUP0203822A2 (en) | 2003-04-28 |
PL356342A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 |
CN1206369C (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
EP1252341B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1252341A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
AU2817101A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
MXPA02007081A (es) | 2004-09-06 |
SK286295B6 (en) | 2008-07-07 |
ZA200205110B (en) | 2003-09-25 |
BR0107802B1 (pt) | 2010-09-08 |
CA2398341A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
HU0203822D0 (en) | 2002-12-28 |
RU2232730C2 (ru) | 2004-07-20 |
DE50107982D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
WO2001055457A1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
CZ298618B6 (cs) | 2007-11-28 |
CA2398341C (en) | 2008-10-07 |
NZ519823A (en) | 2005-01-28 |
CZ20022813A3 (cs) | 2003-03-12 |
US20030084821A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
SK9542002A3 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
RU2002123060A (ru) | 2004-01-20 |
KR20020089327A (ko) | 2002-11-29 |
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