CN1369552A - Composite microbial bacterim praparation and leaven and fertilizer prepared from it - Google Patents
Composite microbial bacterim praparation and leaven and fertilizer prepared from it Download PDFInfo
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- CN1369552A CN1369552A CN 02103756 CN02103756A CN1369552A CN 1369552 A CN1369552 A CN 1369552A CN 02103756 CN02103756 CN 02103756 CN 02103756 A CN02103756 A CN 02103756A CN 1369552 A CN1369552 A CN 1369552A
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Abstract
A composite microbial preparation is prepared from hay bacillus (35-45%) lichen bacillus (25-35%) and thermofat bacillus (25-35%) through inclulating, culturing, proportional mixing, and culturing again. A microbial leaven is prepared from said composite microbial preparation through adsorption, press filter, breaking and baking. A microbial fertilizer is prepared from said composite microbial preparation, mud, peet, dung and dropping of chicken and livestock, distiller's grain, powered coal ash, straw or stalk, and city refuse through fermenting.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological material, be specifically related to a kind of complex microbial inoculum and use its microbial starter culture of making and fertilizer.
(2) background technology
Because advantages such as it is easy to use that chemical fertilizer has, and fertilizer efficiency is fast are remarkable to the agricultural produce effect, cause the scope of using of chemical fertilizer more and more wider, consumption is more and more.But use chemical substance and continuous croppings such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, weedicide for a long time in a large number, easily cause soil compaction, make that beneficial microorganism sharply reduces in the soil, the perviousness of soil, oxygen delivery capacity and keep the nutrient balance ability and reduce, a large amount of residues of harmful substances and harmful microorganism have been controlled the absorption of root system of plant to nutrient, moisture, and Soil structure is changed, cause that plant growth is bad, quality descends, various diseases are on the rise.The increase of inside plants pesticide residue is seriously threatening human beings'health and safety simultaneously.
Along with science and technology development, countries in the world are all adopting microbial preparation to improve Soil structure at present, the improvement crop quality, and development efficient ecological agricultural has become trend.By retrieval, ZL93100172.2 discloses a kind of employing Bacillus licheniformis and has prepared microbial pesticide, and the vegetable disease bacterium is had tangible prevention effect, and aphid, red spider are had killing action; Application number is that 98124889.6,99114260.8 employing subtilises prepare microbial pesticide, is used for the biological control of diseases of mould worry of apple and farm crop.By a large amount of tests, find that the single microorganism bacterial classification has certain effect for the disease control of farm crop, but little to the improvement influence of Soil structure, fertilizer effect is not obvious.
(3) summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to adopt three kinds of strain preparation composite fungus agents and use this composite fungus agent to produce the method for microbial starter culture and microbial fertilizer, produce mutual symbiosis effect between three bacterial classifications, can in soil, play effects such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, antibacterial, pest-resistant, stimulating growth, improve Soil structure, for plant growth, stable and high yields create favorable conditions.
Technical solution of the present invention is: adopt subtilis (B.Subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis (B.Licheniformis), bacstearothermophilus (B.Stearothermophilus) as bacterial classification, the preparation complex microbial inoculum, its inoculating proportion and production method are as follows:
Inoculating proportion: subtilis 35-45%, Bacillus licheniformis 25-35%, bacstearothermophilus 25-35%.
The culture of strains method
1, inoculation: above-mentioned bacterial classification is connect the inclined-plane respectively, and subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis culture temperature are 30-37 ℃, and pH value 6.0-7.5, incubation time are 3-5 days; The bacstearothermophilus culture temperature is 45-65 ℃, and pH value 4.8-7.5, incubation time are 3-5 days; Join respectively then in the sterilized water, vibrated 30 minutes, treat evenly the back with hemocytometer plate counting, bacterium is counted content and reaches 10 respectively in the bacterium liquid
8Individual/ml.
2, first class inoculum is cultivated: above-mentioned 3 kinds of bacterium liquid are put into the triangular flask that substratum is housed respectively, and triangular flask is placed in the shaking table, and cultivation is 36-72 hour under 30 ℃ condition, and pH value 6.0-7.5 makes in every triangular flask bacterium count content and reaches 10
8Individual/ml, at last three kinds of microbial inoculums are mixed by above-mentioned inoculating proportion.
Above-mentioned bacterium culture medium is: the substratum of subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis is peptone 1g, yeast extract paste 0.7g, glucose 1g, ammonium sulfate 0.2g, magnesium chloride 0.2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1g, agar powder 15g, distilled water 1000ml; The substratum of bacstearothermophilus is peptone 10g, agar powder 15g, extractum carnis 3g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water 1000ml.
3, second class inoculum is cultivated: the blended microbial inoculum is put into triangular flask, and connecing the bacterium amount is 10%, and triangular flask is placed in the shaking table, cultivates 36-72 hour under 30 ℃ condition, and pH value 6.0-7.5 makes bacterium count content and reaches 5-9 * 10
9Individual/ml, promptly get composite fungus agent.
The substratum of above-mentioned mix bacterium agent is: extractum carnis 1-5g/100ml, peptone 5-15g/100ml, NaCl2-8g/100ml, MgSO
4.7H
2O5-10g/100ml, FeSO
4.7H
2O0.01-0.05g/100ml, K
2HPO
40.5-3g/100ml, Na
2HPO
40.1-1g/100ml, CMC-Na0.5-5g/100ml, CaCl
20.05-0.5g/100ml, (NH
4)
2SO
40.5-3g/100ml, sucrose 2-8g/100ml, all the other are distilled water.
Composite fungus agent is made wettable powder through absorption, press filtration, fragmentation, oven dry and is microbial starter culture.Wherein sorbent material adopts wilkinite or light calcium carbonate, and the weight ratio of composite fungus agent and sorbent material is 10-90: 90-10.The microbial starter culture fineness of making is 0.15-0.20mm.
The present invention by the production method that composite fungus agent prepares microbial fertilizer is: adopt cheap material such as mud, pond mud, turfy soil, chicken animal manure, vinasse, flyash, crop material, urban waste as base-material, optional 1-2 kind base-material adding composite fungus agent ferments and can produce microbial fertilizer.Its concrete prescription and production technique are as follows:
Proportioning (weight ratio): all the other are base-material for composite fungus agent 10% nitrocalcite 1-2% borax 1-2%
Above-mentioned base-material through screening, oven dry, broken, in proportion add carry out batch mixing behind composite fungus agent and the auxiliary agent, add water by fermentation, granulation, oven drying at low temperature, screening, promptly can be made into microbial fertilizer.
The microbial starter culture and the microbial fertilizer of the present invention preparation, experiment showed, through strange land in a few years not only have dissolving, the activating soil nutrient, promote plant-growth, improve and grow quality, increase output, promote moisture absorption in addition, the function of raising drought resisting; The synthetic decomposition of the organic compound in the soil be can quicken, inside plants nitric nitrogen and nitrite content reduced; Have and improve the soil, eliminate soil compaction, degrading pesticide, herbicide residue decompose plant stubble, eliminate soil virus, suppress the specific function of soil disease and pest; Its prescription is reasonable, and technology is simple, and steady quality not only can be used for producing microbial pesticide, feed, medicine, veterinary drug, also can be used for treatment of urban garbage, purification of water quality.
Microbial starter culture, the microbial fertilizer control project indicator
| Project | Microbial starter culture | Composite microbiological fertilizer | |
| Powdery | Particle | ||
| Outward appearance | Isabelline, fine particle and powdery, the loose stink that is as good as | Chocolate or brown powdery are moistening loose | The brown particle |
| Living bacteria count (hundred million/g) | ????≥2.5 | ????≥0.2 | ????≥0.20 |
| Moisture % | ????≤10 | ????≤30 | ????≤15 |
| Organic (in C) % | ????≥25 | ????≥20 | ????≥20 |
| Fineness mm | ????0.18 | ????R0.18-2.5 | ????R2.5-4.5 |
| ????pH | ????6.0-7.5 | ????6.0-7.5 | ????6.0-7.5 |
| Assorted bacterium % | ????≤10 | ????≤18 | ????≤18 |
| Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content % | ????6 | ????6 | |
| Annotate: effective single viable count 〉=0.01 | |||
(4) embodiment
The present invention adopts subtilis, bacterial strain code name 1.1413; Adopt Bacillus licheniformis, bacterial strain code name 1.813; Adopt bacstearothermophilus, bacterial strain code name 1.1923, preparation complex microbial inoculum.Above-mentioned bacterial classification is in the preservation of Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center.
Inoculating proportion: subtilis 40%, Bacillus licheniformis 30%, bacstearothermophilus 30%.
Make complex microbial inoculum according to the method described above, the pH value 6.8 after testing, and bacterium is counted content and reaches 8 * 10
9Individual/ml.
A. the composite fungus agent according to the present invention's preparation promptly can be made into wettable powder---microbial starter culture through absorption, press filtration, fragmentation, oven dry.Wherein sorbent material adopts light calcium carbonate, and the weight ratio of composite fungus agent and sorbent material is 70: 30.The microbial starter culture fineness of making is 0.15-0.20mm.
Adopt the test of microbial starter culture effect on corn of the present invention's preparation:
1, test materials and method
For trying soil: black earth, fertility etc., the pH value is near neutral.
Test is handled: handle 1-conventional fertilizer application+microbial starter culture 250 gram/mus and do that base fertilizer is disposable to be manured into soil; Handle 2-conventional fertilizer application+microbial starter culture 500 and restrain/do that base fertilizer is disposable is manured into soil; Handle the 3-conventional fertilizer application.
Test design: the sub-district is adopted in test, 20 square metres of sub-district areas, and three repetitions, three processing, district's group is arranged at random.
2, test results and analysis
The fertility ripening stage to corn in the test is investigated, and investigation result is found, uses the corn of this product, and comparison was emerged 2-3 days according to morning, jointing, heading 2-3 days in advance, and the ripening stage shifts to an earlier date 4-5 days.
Adopt the test of microbial starter culture effect on vegetables of the present invention's preparation:
1, test materials and method
Test soil: meadow soil, middle fertility, pH value 7.5.
Trial crops: cucumber.
Test is handled: handle-1 conventional fertilizer application+microbial starter culture 250 gram/mus and do that base fertilizer is disposable to be manured into soil; Handle-2 conventional fertilizer applications+microbial starter culture 500 gram/mus and do that base fertilizer is disposable to be manured into soil; Handle-3 conventional fertilizer applications.
Test design: the plot experiment method is taked in this test, 20 square metres of sub-district areas, and three repetitions, district's group is arranged at random.
2, test results and analysis cucumber fertility proterties questionnaire
| The ground pilot is tested | Handle | Collection period | Plant height (cm) | The leaf look | Single fruit weight (g) | Individual plant fruit number | |
| Phase beginning | Latter stage | ||||||
| The red flag township | ????1 | ????6.25 | ????7.10 | ????285 | Green | ????152 | ????14 |
| ????2 | ????6.23 | ????7.14 | ????290 | Green | ????160 | ????16 | |
| ????3 | ????6.27 | ????7.9 | ????270 | Yellowish green | ????145 | ????11 | |
| The Wo Hu township | ????1 | ????6.27 | ????7.15 | ????255 | Dark green | ????135 | ????13 |
| ????2 | ????6.27 | ????7.18 | ????265 | Dark green | ????143 | ????15 | |
| ????3 | ????6.28 | ????7.11 | ????250 | Green | ????130 | ????10 | |
| The Yong Jia township | ????1 | ????6.21 | ????7.13 | ????235 | Green | ????148 | ????15 |
| ????2 | ????6.29 | ????7.17 | ????240 | Dark green | ????153 | ????17 | |
| ????3 | ????6.23 | ????7.12 | ????230 | Green | ????142 | ????13 | |
By observing and analyzing, to use the Folium Cucumidis sativi of microbial starter culture and obviously compare according to dark green, single fruit weight increases, and individual plant fruit number increases obvious effect of increasing production.
B. the proportioning according to the microbial fertilizer of the present invention preparation is (weight ratio): turfy soil 40%, chicken animal manure 30%, stalk 16-18%, composite fungus agent 10%, and auxiliary agent nitrocalcite 1-2%, borax 1-2%.Base-material through screening, oven dry, broken, in proportion add carry out batch mixing behind composite fungus agent and the auxiliary agent, add water by fermentation, granulation, oven drying at low temperature, screening, be the finished product microbial fertilizer.
Adopt the effect test of microbial fertilizer in the booth tomato of the present invention's preparation:
With the booth tomato is example, and tomato variety is L-402, and the test canopy total area is 0.93 mu, and base fertilizer is executed chicken manure 10m
3, every experimental plot area is 6.93m
2, plant spacing 42 strains/sub-district.Dip in root with this product during the rice shoot field planting, contrast need not.
Test-results is as follows:
The fertility proterties relatively between microbial fertilizer was handled and contrasted
| Project | Plant height (cm) | Stem thick (cm) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) |
| Contrast | ????125 | ????13.7 | ????630 | ????40 |
| Product | ????120 | ????14.5 | ????800 | ????50 |
Microbial fertilizer is handled with the contrast fruit yield and is compared
| Project | Sub-district mean yield (kg) | Folding per mu yield (kg) | Mu volume increase (kg) | Units increased in production (%) |
| Contrast | ????40.5 | ????3898 | ||
| Product | ????56.2 | ????5409 | ????1511 | ????38.8 |
As can be seen from the test results, test site rice shoot pier is real, the thick shape of stem, blade is big and thick, the well developed root system fruit big, painted good, do not have malformed fruit, do not have hollow fruit, taste is sweet; Drought-enduring, premature senescence resistance, anti-early, the late blight ability is strong, evening, morbidity was 3 days, the state of an illness is lighter.
Adopt the effect test of microbial fertilizer on soybean of the present invention's preparation:
Soybean seeds and microbial fertilizer are dressed seed, and 2 kilograms of every mu of consumptions are investigated when treating the soybean yellow maturity, and testing data is as table
Microbial fertilizer is dressed seed in the field test effect of soybean
| Project | Root nodule number (individual/strain) | Root nodule (gram/strain) | Plant fresh weight (gram/strain) | Per mu yield (kilogram) | Volume increase (%) |
| Contrast | ????40 | ????42 | ????43.3 | ????205 | ?????- |
| Microbial fertilizer | ????65 | ????0.61 | ????59.8 | ????249 | ????21.4 |
Test-results shows: use microbial fertilizer on the soybean than the contrast volume increase 21.4% of not using microbial fertilizer.
Adopt the effect test of microbial fertilizer on cowpea of the present invention's preparation:
Cowpea seed and microbial fertilizer are dressed seed, 2 kilograms of every mu of consumptions, the dross rate to cowpea about after planting one month is carried out field investigation.Average dross number is 62 on the cowpea of handling, and the average dross number of the contrast of not inoculating has only 35, observes its field growing way after about 20 days, and the Folium vignae sinensis look of processing is dark green, and it is vigorous to grow.After the then leaf look jaundice of the cowpea of contrast, growing way obviously are not so good as to handle, last volume analysis draws: use the cowpea of microbial fertilizer seed dressing, the cowpea that average yield per mu is not more dressed seed improves 25.3%, and effect of increasing production is very remarkable.
Microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer effect are relatively
| Studied thing | Test is counted | Handle | Per mu yield (kilogram/mu) | Units increased in production (kilogram/mu) | Stimulation ratio (rate) |
| Dry land wheat | ????4 | Contrast urea microbial fertilizer | ??172.4 ??194.3 ??209.3 | ??21.9 ??36.9 | ????12.7 ????21.4 |
| The irrigated land wheat | ????5 | Contrast urea microbial fertilizer | ??342.2 ??382.6 ??403.0 | ??40.4 ??60.8 | ????11.8 ????17.8 |
| Paddy rice | ????3 | Contrast urea microbial fertilizer | ??592.7 ??663.6 ??707.1 | ??70.9 ??114.4 | ????12.0 ????19.3 |
| Corn | ????4 | Contrast urea microbial fertilizer | ??614.5 ??676.9 ??708.2 | ??62.4 ??93.7 | ????10.2 ????15.3 |
| Potato | ????3 | Contrast urea microbial fertilizer | ??843.3 ??909.7 ??971.5 | ??66.4 ??128.2 | ????7.9 ????15.2 |
In addition, ended from year December in March, 1998-2000 in the peach garden in Tai Lv village, Pu Zhou town, Yongji City, Shanxi Province, Yuncheng soil and fertilizer workstation, and Continuous Tracking was observed 3 years, used microbial fertilizer and compared with contrast, and stimulation ratio is 57.8%.
Yongji City asparagus institute has carried out reaching the tracking test in 3 years to the asparagus base, its result uses microbial fertilizer than the chemical fertilizer of using equal value, tangible production-increasing function is arranged, its stimulation ratio is 20%-30%, check through quality of vegetable supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the calcium content of its asparagus is increased to 128mg/kg from 50mg/kg, and the quality of vegetables improves significantly.
According to the requirement of the Ministry of Agriculture to the NY227-94 promulgated by the ministries or commissions of the Central Government of finished product microbial fertilizer, arsenic (As) is 30mg/kg, and mercury (Hg) is 5mg/kg, and plumbous (Pb) is that 60mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) are 70 mg/kg for 3mg/kg, chromium (Cr).Result through Beijing Physichemistry Analysis ﹠ Measurment Centre to our company's microbial fertilizer finished product test, arsenic (As) is 3.015mg/kg, and mercury (Hg) is 0.179mg/kg, and plumbous (Pb) is that 0.692mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) are 0.931, chromium (Cr) is 0.762/kg.Above data also illustrate that well below the required value of the Ministry of Agriculture microorganism has the remarkable effect of decomposing heavy metal simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of complex microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that adopting subtilis (B.Subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis (B.Licheniformis), bacstearothermophilus (B.Stearothermophilus) as bacterial classification, the preparation complex microbial inoculum, its inoculating proportion is as follows: subtilis 35-45%, Bacillus licheniformis 25-35%, bacstearothermophilus 25-35%; Above bacterial classification is cultivated through inoculation, first class inoculum respectively, makes bacterium count content and reaches 10
8Individual/ml, and then by above-mentioned inoculating proportion mixing, mix bacterium agent is cultivated through second class inoculum, pH value 6.0-7.5 makes bacterium count content and reaches 5-9 * 10
9Individual/ml, promptly get composite fungus agent.
2, the microbial starter culture of making according to claim 1 complex microbial inoculum is characterized in that composite fungus agent makes wettable powder through absorption, press filtration, fragmentation, oven dry and be microbial starter culture; Wherein sorbent material adopts wilkinite or light calcium carbonate, and the weight ratio of composite fungus agent and sorbent material is 10-90: 90-10; The microbial starter culture fineness of making is 0.15-0.20mm.
3, the microbial fertilizer of making according to claim 1 complex microbial inoculum, adopt mud, pond mud, turfy soil, chicken animal manure, vinasse, flyash, crop material, urban waste as base-material, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned base-material optional 1-2 kind adds composite fungus agent and ferments and can produce microbial fertilizer, its concrete prescription and production technique are as follows:
Proportioning (weight ratio): all the other are base-material for composite fungus agent 10% nitrocalcite 1-2% borax 1-2%; Above-mentioned base-material through screening, oven dry, broken, in proportion add carry out batch mixing behind composite fungus agent and the auxiliary agent, add water by fermentation, granulation, oven drying at low temperature, screening, promptly can be made into microbial fertilizer.
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-
2002
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