CN100396652C - Biological orgamic fertilizer and prepn thereof - Google Patents
Biological orgamic fertilizer and prepn thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100396652C CN100396652C CNB2006100254412A CN200610025441A CN100396652C CN 100396652 C CN100396652 C CN 100396652C CN B2006100254412 A CNB2006100254412 A CN B2006100254412A CN 200610025441 A CN200610025441 A CN 200610025441A CN 100396652 C CN100396652 C CN 100396652C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a biologic organic fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step (1) the expansion and the cultivation of microorganism strains are carried out; step (2), the antagonism resistance cultivation of the microorganism strains is carried out; step (3), the carrier adsorption of the microorganism strains is carried out, and the microorganism strains are dried into organic material rotten agents; step (4), the preprocessing of organic wastes is carried out; step (5), inoculation and mixed fermentation are carried out; step (6) continuous high temperature fermentation and innocent processing are carried out. The present invention has the advantages of advanced production technology, low production cost and stable product quality, the biologic organic fertilizer of the present invention has long fertilizer effect duration time, has an obvious improvement effect on soil, and can be wide used for the production of grains, vegetables, melons, fruits and various industrial crops. Simultaneously, the biologic organic fertilizer of the present invention is green and environmental protection, has no nuisance, and has equivalent economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of industrial or agricultural and life organic waste of utilizing and mix the method that organic waste material ferments simultaneously by the agent of many bacterial classifications generation organic material compostings.
Background technology
Fertilizer is one of important factor that influences agriculture production as the necessary for plant growth nutrition source is provided always.Along with the rapid increase of the size of population, the shortcoming of traditional farm manure fertility difference has just showed, and in order to increase fertility, only takes to increase the way of consumption.
Because the production of traditional farm manure is the method for utilizing compost spontaneous fermentation, therefore a large amount of pathogenic bacterium, parasitic ovum wherein can not be killed effectively, after increasing consumption, the incidence of crop pest and all kinds of soil-borne diseases also so greatly improves, and has a strong impact on agricultural product quality and people ' s health.
The appearance of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals has changed this situation.The fertility height of chemical fertilizer adds the use of agricultural chemicals, has reduced disease and pest effectively, and the level of agricultural productive forces is improved significantly.But behind the life-time service fertilizer and pesticide, it is found that a problem: the physicochemical character rapid deterioration of soil, soil compaction, salinification, nutrient imbalance, soil fertility descend, organic content is fewer and feweri, and the grain rate that increases of unit fertilizer constantly reduces, for guaranteeing output, has only the usage quantity that increases chemical fertilizer year by year, production cost is increased greatly, and make the deterioration degree of edatope even more serious, be absorbed in the vicious cycle.In recent ten years, people's environmental consciousness constantly strengthens, and how is controlled even improves at the deterioration degree of guaranteeing to make under the prerequisite of crop yield edatope, becomes the emphasis of agricultural development.
The appearance of biological organic fertilizer becomes clear the solution of this problem.Along with this ten years development, the quality of biological organic fertilizer has obtained raising to a certain degree, but the product that occurs in the market still exists many shortcomings to a great extent, mainly contains the following aspects: 1. production technique falls behind; 2. production cost height; 3. unstable product quality etc.
Cause the reason of these several shortcomings mainly to be: what present biological organic fertilizer production was mainly adopted is the bacterial classification single culture, the method that fertilizer ferments step by step, not only technology falls behind, production cycle is long, the cost height, controllable degree is supported, last quality product is very unstable, and in the finished product each bacterial classification reach each other and environment between exist the straw of certain degree anti-, in the time of preparation in the end, because moisture descends, each bacterial classification is in SA dormant state, the product for preparing can be controlled in higher level in short duration on content of microorganisms, but in case carry out field dispensing or environment when changing, the bacterial classification of semidormancy is activated, it is anti-to produce straw each other, add the incompatibility to environment, microbe population will sharply descend, and therefore effect is limited on the persistence of fertilizer efficiency reaches the repair of edatope.In addition, many biological organic fertilizers are in the process of substep fermentation, often adopt anaerobism and aerobic fermentation to separate the mode of carrying out, the meta-bolites of two kinds of fermenting processs can not well utilize for the Institute of Micro-biology that participates in the other side's fermenting process, the result can't reach a level preferably on the component content of the finished product, thereby mostly adopts the fermentation back to add chemical fertilizer to increase fertility or the pharmaceutical chemicals that adds other is in addition prepared the methods such as micronutrient levels increase of product.With the fertilizer that these modes are produced, on stricti jurise, can only be composite fertilizer, can not can be regarded as biological organic fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to provide a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, to overcome the defective that prior art exists.
The preparation method of biological organic fertilizer of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation:
Subtilis, bacstearothermophilus, brown Nocardia bacteria adopt the common bacteria substratum, slant culture, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is as follows:
Yeast extract paste 5～8g
Peptone 5～8g
Tween-80 1～2ml
Sugar 50～60g
NaCl 0.5～1g
K
2HPO
4 0.5～1g
MgCl
2 0.5～1g
CaCO
3 0.5～1g
Agar 15～18g
PH value 7.2～7.5
Said substratum is not limited to above-mentioned prescription, and the available substratum all has detailed description in " the outstanding Bacteria Identification handbook of uncle the 8th edition " (Science Press, 1984), " microbiology experiment " (Science Press, 2002.8).
Streptomyces albus adopts No. 1 substratum of Gao Shi, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is as follows:
KNO
3 1～3g
MgSO
4 0.5～1g
NaCl 0.5～1g
K
2HPO
4 0.5～1g
FeSO
4 0.01～0.05g
Zulkovsky starch 20～25g
Agar 15～18g
PH value 7.2～7.4
Incubation time and temperature:
Subtilis, brown Nocardia bacteria were cultivated 20～30 hours for 22～38 ℃; Streptomyces albus was cultivated 45～55 hours for 22～38 ℃; Bacstearothermophilus was cultivated 20～30 hours for 55～68 ℃.
The liquid dilatation: will change liquid nutrient medium through each bacterial classification of slant culture over to and cultivate, prescription is removed outside the agar, and other composition, culture temperature and time and slant culture are just the same.
Training method: all bacterial classifications are all cultivated with 150～180 rev/mins rotating speed with shaking table during the liquid dilatation;
Said subtilis, bacstearothermophilus, brown Nocardia bacteria and streptomyces albus are Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica to be provided.
(2) the anti-straw of microbial strains are anti-cultivates:
Nutrient solution after the shaking table cultivation is mixed, in 35～45 ℃ environment, placed 40～50 hours, to strengthen the anti-ability of the anti-straw of bacterial classification;
Nutrient solution after shaking table is cultivated is generally with following volume parts mixed:
1～2 part of subtilis
1～2 part of brown Nocardia bacteria
1～1.5 part of streptomyces albus
1～3 part of bacstearothermophilus.
According to the present invention, the nutrient solution after preferably shaking table being cultivated mixes with the equal-volume ratio;
(3) carrier adsorbs, is dried to the organic material composting agent:
Crossing 40～80 sieves with the straw powder is carrier, and the culture of weight ratio by 1: 1～1.5 and step (2) mixes, and forced air drying in 32～45 ℃ environment, and be 40～50 hours time of drying;
(4) pre-treatment of organic waste:
Organic waste is mixed with the straw powder, and adjusting moisture to the weight content of water is 60～70%;
Said organic waste comprises a kind of in human and animal excreta movement, beer slag, liquor slag, citric acid waste, fishbone powder, oyster shell whiting, oyster shell powder, dregs of beans, peanut cake, the cottonseed cake etc. or the mixture that they are two or more;
The part by weight of organic waste and straw is:
Organic waste: straw=1: 0.1～0.5;
(5) inoculation mixed fermentation:
With the carrier behind the absorption bacterial classification in the step (3), inoculate by 0.3～0.8 ‰ of pending organic waste gross weight, stir, be piled into wide 2.5～3.5 meters, high 1.3～1.8 meters strip buttress heap;
(6) continuous high temperature fermentation harmless treatment:
After buttress heap is finished, because the effect of fermentation produces heat, the buttress heap will constantly heat up, and in order to increase the chance that the inner material of buttress heap contact with air and to regulate temperature that buttress piles about 40 ℃～60 ℃, so need turning;
According to the preferred scheme of the present invention, turning in per 40～50 hours once, purpose is to allow aerobic fermentation and anaerobically fermenting intersect take place to carry out simultaneously;
It is to vibrate back and forth in the cycle that turning repeatedly, fermentation made in the scope of temperature about 40 ℃～60 ℃ of buttress heap with 40～50 hours, turning 10～15 times, material is by original rancid, quality thickness, there are a large amount of flies to bite, become and begin to distribute earth fishy smell, simultaneously peculiar smell completely without, the macrobead organic impurities in original material also thoroughly decomposes sponginess.Behind cooling drying, promptly obtain biological organic fertilizer of the present invention;
According to optimized technical scheme of the present invention, also comprise the steps:
(7) in fact so far, fermentation is finished substantially, but for keeping microorganism active wherein and harmless treatment being carried out thoroughly, therefore be the cycle to carry out turning with 40～50 hours more preferably, turning 3～5 times, making material water ratio drop to weight content is that temperature drops to normal temperature below 30%.
Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention can be widely used for the production of grain, vegetables, melon and fruit and various cash crop, and using method and consumption are as follows:
| Crop | Unit | Consumption | Using method |
| Paddy rice | Mu | One season of 200kg once | Land for growing field crops: comprehensive dark rice seedling bed of spreading 3～5cm: 100kg/ mu, fertilising 2～3 |
| Sowing again behind the layer | |||
| Fruit tree | Mu | 200kg | Open annular ditch around tree root, ditch depth 5～15cm applies fertilizer, waters, covers soil |
| Vegetables | Mu | One season of 200kg once | Plantation is spreaded manuer in holes or row replacement, but also spreading is covered soil after watering, the degree of depth 3～8cm |
| The melon and fruit class | Mu | One season of 200kg once | The same |
| Flowers and plants | Square metre | 100～200g | Spread fertilizer over the fields comprehensively, stir into soil layer 2～5cm and get final product, but moisture must be sufficient |
Adopt the biological organic fertilizer of method for preparing, have following characteristics:
Contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, content surpasses 400,000,000/gram.Can be formed with the dominant microflora that is beneficial to plant growth rapidly in the breeding of crop root zone soil after using, assimilate the root region soil environment at a high speed, repair, nurse one's health impaired soil, make soil reach the balance of eugenic attitude.Improve the soil nitrogen level, can effectively decompose the phosphorus potassium compound in the soil, have the function that promotes that soil material transforms; The a large amount of brown Nocardia bacterias that wherein comprise because therefore the mycelia prosperity can form solid netted vein structure, thereby make the looseness of soilization that originally hardened in the soil that hardens, improve the ability of soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping.Growing for crop root simultaneously provides sufficient space, and the increase crop root contacts with nutrient, strengthens crop to the nutrient absorbing ability, improves fertilizer utilization ratio, and the plantation ecosystem can be circulated benignly efficiently, reaches the effect of volume increase; Can degrade effectively and oxidation soil in toxic compounds such as remains of pesticide, hydrogen sulfide and amine, soil is played certain detoxification, thereby reduces even avoid the accumulation of above-mentioned poisonous substance in farm crop.Guarantee the quality of agricultural byproducts, taste, color and luster are all further improved, reached the high-quality effect; Bacterial classification can secrete the required material of various plants growth in the self-reproduction metabolic process, as: nutritive substance and bacteriostatic activity materials such as amino acid, VITAMIN.Can suppress pathogenic bacteria invasion, grow surely, reduce soil-borne disease; Thereby improve resistance and the resistance against diseases of crop, make agriculture production accomplish that few usefulness even do not use agricultural chemicals, alleviate the pressure that soil natural purifies; Can the irritation cell division expand, regulate the enzymatic reaction process, strengthen photosynthesis, promote seed germination, improve seedling rate, percentage of fertile fruit, prevent fruit drop, suppress aging and make plant growth more vigorous.Guarantee the maximum economic benefit of product.
Efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of the present invention has been compared following significant advantage with most in the market biological organic fertilizers:
1. production technique advanced person: efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of the present invention adopt in process of production with other fertilizer different mode---the mode of mixed fermentation is produced, the one time fermentation success, high-temperature duration is long, harmless treatment is thorough, production cycle is shorter relatively, can become thoroughly decomposed fully in 35 days.
2. production cost is low: efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of the present invention is owing to adopt the mode of mixed fermentation, therefore production link is less relatively, and handling cost is lower, and fermentation Once you begin, no longer add any other natural or artificial chemical ingredients, the controllable degree of production cost improves greatly.
3. constant product quality: the bacterial classification of the efficient biologic-organic fertilizer that the present invention is related adopts the mode of mixed culture in culturing process, therefore the anti-degree of straw is very low, add bacterial classification through for many years domestication, in the process that participates in mixed fermentation, can make full use of various larger molecular organicses and the various element that organic waste itself is comprised, make organic waste in whole fermentation process, become the good substratum of bacterial classification, become the important component of biological organic fertilizer after final the decomposition.And, because during mixed culture, each bacterial classification is the tie of growth with mutual meta-bolites, in growth, be in commensalism, the bacterial classification content height in the finished product not only, and because the formed biologic chain effect of symbiosis makes the every physical and chemical index in the finished product very stable, can make in the environmental change of product after use in the field to be in steady state, constantly the plant root region soil be produced the assimilation influence.Successive high temperature is killed various pathogenic bacterium and worm's ovum during the fermentation in a large number during simultaneously owing to fermentation.Not only fertilizer efficiency is stable for the biological organic fertilizer of Sheng Chaning by this way, and bacterial activity is unaffected after using, the fertility longer duration, can reduce the consumption of agricultural chemicals again, improvement effect to soil is obvious, these all are that in the market biological organic fertilizer does not possess, and advantage that can't be replaced, are biological organic fertilizers truly.
The present invention is workable, except that fermenting agent with the raw material, all the other raw materials, as: people and animals' movement, agricultural straw, industrial or agricultural organic waste equivalent are easy to get greatly, and is therefore with low cost.Have again simultaneously: the anti-mixed culture of the anti-straw of bacterial classification, organic waste mixing one time fermentation, the continuous high temperature multiple present industry advanced technologies such as thorough harmless treatment of fermenting, simple to operate, with short production cycle.The efficient biologic-organic fertilizer that utilizes the present invention to produce not only can make agriculture production increase output, improves quality, and can be to play repair in various degree in a short time owing to the edatope of using fertilizer and pesticide to be badly damaged all the year round.Therefore efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of the present invention can be widely used in the production of grain, vegetables, melon and fruit and various cash crop.Environmental protection, nuisanceless simultaneously has suitable economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation:
Subtilis, bacstearothermophilus, brown Nocardia bacteria are adopted following component substratum respectively, slant culture, in the 1000ml water, each components contents is as follows:
Yeast extract paste 5 grams, peptone 5 grams, 1 milliliter of tween-80, sugar 50 grams, NaCl0.5 gram, K
2HPO
40.5 gram, MgCl
20.5 gram, CaCO
30.5 gram, agar 18 grams, pH value 7.3;
Streptomyces albus adopts following component substratum, slant culture, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is as follows:
KNO
31 gram, MgSO
40.5 gram, NaCl 0.5 gram, K
2HPO
40.5 gram, FeSO
40.01 gram, Zulkovsky starch 20 grams, agar 18 grams, the pH value is 7.3;
Incubation time and temperature:
Subtilis, brown Nocardia bacteria were cultivated 24 hours for 30 ℃; Streptomyces albus was cultivated 48 hours for 30 ℃; Bacstearothermophilus was cultivated 24 hours for 65 ℃;
The liquid dilatation: will change liquid nutrient medium through each bacterial classification of slant culture over to and cultivate, prescription is removed outside the agar, and other composition, culture temperature and time and slant culture are just the same.
Training method: all bacterial classifications are all cultivated with 180 rev/mins rotating speed with shaking table during the liquid dilatation;
(2) the anti-straw of microbial strains are anti-cultivates:
Nutrient solution after the shaking table cultivation is mixed with the equal-volume ratio, in 40 ℃ environment, placed 48 hours, to strengthen the ability that the anti-straw of bacterial classification resist;
(3) carrier adsorbs, is dried to the organic material composting agent:
Crossing 60 mesh sieves with the straw powder is carrier, mix by the culture of 1: 1 weight ratio and step (2), and forced air drying in 30 ℃ environment, be 48 hours time of drying;
(4) pre-treatment of organic waste:
80 kilograms of fresh cow dungs are mixed with 20 kilograms of straw powder, and adjusting moisture to the weight content of water is 65%;
(5) inoculation mixed fermentation:
With the carrier of the absorption bacterial classification of preparation method's step (4), inoculate by 0.3 ‰ of pending organic waste gross weight, stir, be piled into wide 2.5 meters, high 1.5 meters strip buttress heap;
(6) continuous high temperature fermentation harmless treatment: turning in per 48 hours once, turning 14 times;
(7) be the cycle to carry out turning with 48 hours again, turning 3 times, making material water ratio drop to weight content is 30%, temperature drops to normal temperature.
Adopt the biological organic fertilizer of method for preparing, adopt the method for NY 884-2004 standard code to detect, its every main physical and chemical index is:
Target microorganism content 〉=400,000,000/gram
Organic 〉=30%
Total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) 〉=6%
Moisture≤30%
PH value 7
Assorted bacterium rate≤15%
Coliform number≤100/gram
Induced worm egg death rate 〉=95%
Validity period (each stable physical-chemical indexes phase) 〉=6 months
Embodiment 2
Other are all identical with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) organic waste of Cai Yonging is:
The mixture that 70 kilograms of fresh pig manures, 5 kilograms of dregs of beans and peanut cake are 5 kilograms mixes with 20 kilograms of straw powder;
(2) with the carrier of the absorption bacterial classification of preparation method's step (4), inoculate by 0.8 ‰ of pending organic waste gross weight;
Detected result is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Between in April, 2005 to May, (consumption is respectively: this project product-300 kilogram/mu in equal price, reference product-140 kilogram/mu) under the prerequisite just in product of the present invention and all kinds of fertilizer product except that chemical fertilizer the highest organic-inorganic complex fertilizer of total nutrient content requirement, done the application comparison test in the solanaceous vegetables plantation, the result is as follows:
1. to appearance of the crop, quantitative influence (on average):
2. early yield investigation and analysis (on average): unit: kilogram
Do not have compound fertilizer (〉=140 kilograms * 15%) height though this test card is understood total nutrient content (〉=300 kilograms * 6%), absorbed by crop owing to nutrient structure contained in this project product is easier, so fertilizer efficiency is comparatively remarkable.
Between in April, 2004 to July, be base manure in conjunction with conventional fertilizer application and no base manure conventional fertilizer application with this project product, done the comparison test in the plantation of cucumber and naked oats dish, the result is as follows:
1. cucumber economic benefit:
2. naked oats dish economic benefit:
Though it is that base manure is used cost and increased to some extent that this experiment has shown with this project product, because its optimization function to topsoil makes cucumber and the final economic benefit of naked oats dish improve 11.7% and 7.4% respectively.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation:
With the dilatation respectively of subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacstearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus), brown Nocardia bacteria (Nacardia fusca) and streptomycete (Strep tomyces), cultivation;
(2) the anti-straw of microbial strains are anti-cultivates:
Nutrient solution after the dilatation is mixed, in 35～45 ℃ environment, placed 40～50 hours, to strengthen the anti-ability of the anti-straw of bacterial classification;
With the nutrient solution after the dilatation, with following volume parts mixed:
1～2 part of subtilis
1～2 part of brown Nocardia bacteria
1～1.5 part of streptomycete
1～3 part of bacstearothermophilus;
(3) carrier adsorbs, is dried to the organic material composting agent:
With the straw powder is carrier, and the culture of weight ratio by 1: 1～1.5 and step (2) mixes, and forced air drying in 32～45 ℃ environment, and be 40～50 hours time of drying;
(4) pre-treatment of organic waste:
Organic waste is mixed with the straw powder, and adjusting moisture to the weight content of water is 60～70%;
(5) inoculation mixed fermentation:
With the carrier of step (3) absorption bacterial classification, inoculate by 0.3～0.8 ‰ of pending organic waste gross weight, stir, be piled into shape buttress heap;
(6) continuous high temperature fermentation harmless treatment:
Turning in per 40～50 hours once, turning 10～15 times.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the steps: to be the cycle to carry out turning with 40～50 hours again, turning 3～5 times, and the final material water ratio drops to below 30% of gross weight, and temperature drops to normal temperature.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the nutrient solution after the dilatation is pressed equal-volume than mixing.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said organic waste comprises a kind of in human and animal excreta movement, beer slag, liquor slag, citric acid waste, fishbone powder, oyster shell whiting, oyster shell powder, dregs of beans, peanut cake or the cottonseed cake or the mixture that they are two or more.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the part by weight of organic waste and straw is: organic waste: straw=1: 0.1～0.5.
6. according to the biological organic fertilizer of each described method preparation of claim 1～5.
7. biological organic fertilizer according to claim 6 is characterized in that, its every main physical and chemical index is:
Target microorganism content 〉=400,000,000/gram
Organic 〉=30%
Total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) 〉=6%
Moisture≤30%
PH value 5.5～8.5
Assorted bacterium rate≤15%
Coliform number≤100/gram
Induced worm egg death rate 〉=95%
Validity period (each stable physical-chemical indexes phase) 〉=6 months.
8. the application of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be used for the production of grain, vegetables, melon and fruit and various cash crop.
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| CN1369552A (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2002-09-18 | 刘铁军 | Composite microbial bacterim praparation and leaven and fertilizer prepared from it |
| CN1398824A (en) * | 2002-08-24 | 2003-02-26 | 岳阳华威棉产品开发有限公司 | Bioorganic fertilizer and its production process |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3872167A4 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2023-05-03 | Agrivalle Brasil Industria e Comércio de Produtos Agrícolas Ltda | Multiple-function biological composition |
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| CN1834066A (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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