CN1359384A - 紫杉烷衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
紫杉烷衍生物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1359384A CN1359384A CN00809683A CN00809683A CN1359384A CN 1359384 A CN1359384 A CN 1359384A CN 00809683 A CN00809683 A CN 00809683A CN 00809683 A CN00809683 A CN 00809683A CN 1359384 A CN1359384 A CN 1359384A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
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- -1 triethylsilyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- OVMSOCFBDVBLFW-VHLOTGQHSA-N 5beta,20-epoxy-1,7beta,13alpha-trihydroxy-9-oxotax-11-ene-2alpha,4alpha,10beta-triyl 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@H](O)C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OVMSOCFBDVBLFW-VHLOTGQHSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N zorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(\C)=N\NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000641 zorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
具有抗癌活性的新的紫杉烷衍生物,其制备方法,以及制备在13-位被异丝氨酸残基取代的14β-羟基-1,14碳酸酯浆果赤霉素III和V衍生物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及可用作化疗剂的新的紫杉烷(taxane),含有它的药物组合物,以及制备在13-位被异丝氨酸残基取代的14-β-羟基-1,14-碳酸浆果赤霉素III和V衍生物的方法。
紫杉烷类药物是最近开发的最重要的抗癌类药物之一。紫杉醇及其类似物Docetaxel在治疗几种肿瘤中的显著活性已使得人们把研究集中于具有抗微管活性的物质上。然而,紫杉烷类药物的特征是具有特别的作用机制,因为它们促进微管装配并抑制微管蛋白解聚。
目前使用的紫杉烷类药物的主要缺点是:(a)不溶于水,使得必须使用可能会引起过敏反应的特殊载体,(b)具有毒性,这限制了剂量,(c)发展出抗药机制。已有人提出,细胞对紫杉烷类药物的抗药性与MDR(“多药抗性”)表型有关,MDR表型是由P-糖蛋白载体、微管蛋白改变、以及细胞程序死亡调节蛋白表达的改变介导的。
为了找到具有更高溶解度和更好耐受性的新的活性分子,已合成了14β-羟基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III和V紫杉烷衍生物。
US 5705508公开了在13-位被异丝氨酸残基取代的某些14-羟基浆果赤霉素III衍生物及其制备方法。
现在已经发现,式(I)化合物,即14β-羟基-1,14-碳酸浆果赤霉素V衍生物具有显著的细胞毒性和抗癌活性,并且能够克服表达MDR表型的细胞系的抗药性。
所述化合物与在上述美国专利中描述的衍生物的不同之处在于,在本发明化合物中,7-位的羟基是α构型。在US 5705508中称为SB-T-101131的衍生物13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III 1,14-碳酸酯可用作制备化合物(I)的原料。对于这种情况,将所述浆果赤霉素III衍生物在甲醇或THF中用DBU(二氮杂二环[5,4,0]7-十一碳烯)处理,或者简单地把浆果赤霉素III在与二氯甲烷或氯代溶剂的溶液中在脂族醇例如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇存在下用碱性allumine处理1小时-14天。在中性或弱碱性pH条件下将在C-7具有β构型的化合物转化成更稳定的α异构体(浆果赤霉素V衍生物)。
或者,化合物(I)可用还能制得相应的C-7β差向异构体的方法制得。
所述方法(A)包括下述步骤:a)将14β-羟基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III或V转化成在7-位三乙基甲硅烷基化的衍生物;b)由步骤(a)产物制备1,14碳酸酯衍生物;c)将10-羟基选择性地乙酰化;d)将步骤(c)产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;e)将三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基保护基从步骤(d)产物上裂解下来。
依据方法(A)的优选实施方案,在步骤(a)中使用三乙基氯硅烷作为甲硅烷基化剂,在步骤(b)中,1,14碳酸酯衍生物是使用在甲苯中的光气在3∶1二氯甲烷/吡啶溶液中于氮气氛下制得的。在接下来的步骤(c)中,在无水THF中用LiHMDS将14β-羟基-10-去乙酰浆果赤霉素III或V 7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯成盐,由此获得了10-羟基衍生物锂盐,然后用乙酰氯将其乙酰化。14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14-碳酸浆果赤霉素III或V与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸之间的缩合反应(步骤(d))是在无水非极性有机溶剂中在碱和缩合剂例如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下进行的。
最后,在步骤(e)中,三乙基甲硅烷基是在乙腈/吡啶溶液中于氮气氛下用氟化吡啶鎓除去的,而二甲氧基亚苄基是在二氯甲烷溶剂中通过加入甲醇/HCl、然后加入NaHCO3来除去的。
上述方法的步骤顺序可颠倒,由此以相差不大的产率获得终产物。所述另一方法(B)包括下述步骤:a′)将14β-羟基-10-去乙酰浆果赤霉素III或V的C-10羟基选择性地乙酰化;b′)由步骤(a′)产物制备1,14碳酸酯衍生物;c′)将C-7的羟基甲硅烷基化;d′)将步骤(c′)产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;e′)将三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基保护基从步骤(d′)产物上裂解下来。
后一方法包括多项优点,例如不用色谱纯化仅通过结晶就可能获得所需的合成子(synton)(1,14-碳酸酯-7-Tes-浆果赤霉素III或V)。
依据优选的实施方案,步骤(a′)的选择性乙酰化是在铈、钪、镱盐优选CeCl3.7H2O存在下用乙酸酐进行的,剩余步骤是如上所述进行的。
本发明还包括作为制备14β-羟基-1,14-碳酸酯浆果赤霉素III或V的方法的中间体产物的下述化合物:14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯,14β-羟基-7-Tes-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基-7-Tes-浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基-7-Tes-浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯。
本发明另一方面涉及依据下述方案制备(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸的方法:反应流程所述方法包括下述步骤:a)用Boc保护亮氨醇的氨基;b)将N-Boc-L-亮氨醇转化成N-Boc-L-亮氨醛;c)制备步骤(b)产物的氰醇;d)将所述氰醇腈转化成相应的羧酸;e)形成羧酸甲酯;f)纯化(2R,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸甲酯;g)将步骤(f)产物与2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇缩合;h)将(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸甲酯转化成相应的羧酸。
依据优选的实施方案,在步骤(a)中,将亮氨醇与Boc-酸酐反应,然后在DMSO/CH2Cl2溶剂中于-60℃以下温度使用草酰氯将其氧化成醛,用三乙胺中和所形成的酸,或者用次氯酸钠在-2--5℃将其氧化。步骤(c)的氰醇是通过用氰离子取代中间体1-羟基-2-(N-Boc)氨基-4-甲基戊磺酸盐的磺酸根而制得的。然后在步骤(d)中通过在浓盐酸中回流将所述氰醇水解成相应的羧酸。
在步骤(e)中,通过在乙醚溶液中与重氮甲烷反应将(2R/S,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸转化成相应的甲酯。在步骤(f)中,通过从环己烷或己烷/甲苯混合物中结晶来纯化非对映异构体(2R,3S)。步骤(g)是在用于除去所形成的甲醇的对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓存在下在THF中进行的;该反应完成后,用碳酸氢盐将对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓中和。在步骤(h)中,在甲醇/水混合物中用碳酸钾将酯水解。然后将该反应混合物酸化,并用二氯甲烷提取终产物。
本发明还包括用于合成在13-位被N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰残基取代的浆果赤霉素III和V衍生物的中间体的(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸。
本发明新的紫杉烷表现出强的对抗乳腺、肺、卵巢、结肠、前列腺、肾、胰腺的癌细胞的抗癌活性,和抗对已知抗癌药物例如阿霉素、长春碱和铂衍生物有抗药性的细胞的抗癌活性。
由此,本发明涉及药物制剂,其中包含有效量的本发明化合物和可药用载体以及赋形剂。更具体地说,可将本发明化合物配制成片剂、散剂、粒剂、胶囊、注射剂、溶液剂、栓剂、乳剂、分散剂等形式。对于静脉内给药,主要使用Chremophor L与乙醇的混合物、吐温与乙醇的混合物或用天然或合成磷脂酰胆碱制得的脂质体制剂,或在胆固醇存在下天然磷脂的混合物;对于口服给药,优选制备其中任选在磷脂存在下产品溶于吐温、PEG或其混合物中的软明胶胶囊。化合物(I)可以以50-500mg/m2的浓度对人给药。
下述实施例更详细地举例说明本发明。实施例1:合成13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III,1,14-碳酸酯
在500ml玻璃园底烧瓶中,将43.26g 14β-羟基去乙酰浆果赤霉素III与22.3ml N-甲基咪唑一起溶于230ml DMF中;在剧烈搅拌下用1小时向该溶液中加入14ml三乙基氯硅烷。当该反应结束时,在剧烈搅拌下将该反应混合物倒入2L水中。形成了大量沉淀,将其在4℃放置过夜。然后将沉淀过滤,依次用水和正已烷充分洗涤。真空干燥后,获得了48.1g含有少量7,10-衍生物的7-Tes-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(XII),其具有下述化学-物理特征:
1H NMR(CDCl3 200MHz):δ(ppm)=0.55(6H,t,J=7.8Hz,7-OTES CH2),0.94(9H,q,J=7.8Hz,7-OTES CH3),1.18(3H,s,C16H3),1.20(3H,s,C17H3),1.77(3H,s,C19H3),1.90(1H,ddd,J=2.4,10.8,13.2Hz,C6Hβ),2.12(3H,d,J=1.6Hz,C18H3),2.31(3H,s,4-OCOCH3),2.48(3H,ddd,J=14.3,9.8,6.5Hz,C6Hα),2.73(1H,d,J=5.5Hz,OH)3.79(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,C3H),4.20(1H,dd,J=1.0,8.3Hz,C20Hβ),4.31(1H,d,J=8.6Hz,C20Hα),4.39(1H,dd,J=6.4,10.7Hz,C7H),4.77(1H,d,J=5.8Hz,C14H),4.94(1H,dd,J=2.1,9.7Hz,(C5H),5.05(1H,m,C13H),5.13(1H,d,J=1.9Hz,C10H),6.05(1H,d,J=7.3Hz,C2H),7.41-8.09(5H,m,Ph).
质谱(NH3,DEP/CI,正离子):(m/z)718[(M+NH4)+,100%],701[M+H)+,39%]。
在氮气氛下,将所得化合物溶于300ml二氯甲烷/吡啶3∶1混合物中;在搅拌下将该溶液加到光气溶液(214ml 1.9M甲苯溶液)中,在加入期间把温度保持在-5--10℃。
将该反应混合物搅拌30秒,然后与700ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液一起振摇,同时将温度保持在2℃或2℃以下。分离各相,并洗涤有机相以除去吡啶。用硫酸镁将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干。获得了可直接用于下面反应的46.6g 10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯。
将31g该化合物溶于250ml严格无水THF中;将该溶液冷却至-50℃,用2分钟加入48ml 1M LiHMDS溶液,并在同一温度下搅拌20分钟。在搅拌下用40分钟加入3.7g乙酰氯。将该反应的温度升至0℃,搅拌2小时。反应结束后,用饱和氯化铵溶液处理该混合物,并用乙酸乙酯提取。分离各相,将水溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释直至没有产物。用水洗涤合并的有机相,然后用硫酸镁干燥,并浓缩至干。获得了33g14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯浆果赤霉素III,其中因为含有前面反应的化合物而不纯。通过硅胶色谱纯化该化合物,用乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷9∶1洗脱纯产物。获得了30g所需产物(XIII),其具有下述特征:
1H NMR(CDCl3 200MHz):δ(ppm)=0.55(6H,t,J=7.8Hz,7-OTES CH2),0.95(9H,q,J=7.8Hz,7-OTES CH3),1.16(3H,s,C16H3),1.32(3H,s,C17H3),1.77(3H,s,C19H3),1.88(1H,ddd,J=2.4,10.8,13.2Hz,C6Hβ),2.21(3H,d,J=1.6Hz,C18H3),2.19(3H,s,10-OCOCH3),2.31(3H,s,4-OCOCH3),2.48(3H,ddd,J=14.3,9.8,6.5Hz,C6Hα),2.73(1H,d,J=5.5Hz,OH)3.72(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,C3H),4.20(1H,d,J=8.3Hz,C20Hβ),4.31(1H,d,J=8.6Hz,C20Hα),4.46(1H,dd,J=6.4,10.7Hz,C7H),4.79(1H,d,J=5.8Hz,C14H),4.94(1H,dd,J=2.1,9.7Hz,(C5H),5.02(1H,m,C10H),5.05(1H,m,C13H),6.09(1H,d,J=7.3Hz,C2H),7.41-8.09(5H,m,Ph).
质谱(NH3,DEP/CI,正离子):(m/z)759[(M+NH4)+,19%],743[M+H]+,100%]。
将20g 14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯浆果赤霉素III与300ml严格无水甲苯一起置于1L园底烧瓶中,加入溶于二氯甲烷中的10g(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸和2g N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)和9.5g二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)。将该反应混合物回流3小时,然后冷却,过滤出脲(ureic)产物,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤母液以除去未反应的酸,然后用稀盐酸洗涤以除去DMAP,最后再用碳酸氢钠洗涤至中和。将有机相浓缩至干,获得了可直接用于下一步骤的41.5g产物。
将40g该化合物分两步脱保护,首先除去Tes,然后除去2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛。在氮气氛下将40g该化合物溶于100ml乙腈/吡啶混合物(80∶100)中,并冷却至0℃;加入13ml氟化吡啶鎓,将整个混合物搅拌24小时。将该溶液倒入2L水中,过滤出产物并真空干燥。
将残余物溶于60ml二氯甲烷中,在剧烈搅拌下于0℃向该溶液中加入40ml 0.6N HCl的甲醇溶液。将该反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后用150ml二氯甲烷稀释,并与碳酸氢钠溶液一起振摇以将pH调节至6-7。将有机相浓缩至干,将残余物从丙酮/己烷中结晶。干燥后,获得了16g 13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯,其具有下述化学-物理以及光谱特征:分子式:C44H57NO17外观:白色粉末熔点:245℃表1:在CDCl3溶液中的化学位移(ppm)1H NMR(200MHz)H Ppm,多重性 (Hz) H Ppm,多重性 (Hz)2 6.09-d(7.8) 2′ 4.30-dd(6.4;3.2)3 3.68-d(7.4) 3′ 4.08-m5 4.91-dd(9.7;2.5) 4′a 1.21-m6α 2.52-ddd(14.8;9.8;6.9) 4′b 1.43-m6β 1.86-m 5′ 1.65-m7 4.37-m 6′ 0.96-d(6.3)10 6.25-s 7′ 0.95-d(6.3)13 6.44-d(宽,6.9) 4-OCOCH3 2.40-s14 4.84-d(6.9) 10-OCOCH3 2.22-s16 1.25-s Boc 1.35-s17 1.32-s o-苯甲酰基 8.01-m18 1.87-d(1.6) m-苯甲酰基 7.46-m19 1.69-s p-苯甲酰基 7.58-m20α 4.27-d(8.4) 3-NH 4.72-d(9.0)20β 4.20-d(8.4)表2:在CDCl3溶液中的化学位移(ppm)13C NMR(50.308MHz)C ppm, 多重性 C ppm,多重性9 201.8-s 8 58.2-s1′ 172.6-s 3′ 51.2-d4-OCOCH3 170.5-s 3 44.6-d10-OCOCH3 170.2-s 15 41.3-s2-COPh 164.3-s 4 39.9-tC=O(Boc) 155.8-s 6 34.9-tC=O(碳酸酯) 151.4-s (CH3)3C Boc 27.7-q12 139.4-s 17 25.5-q11 133.1-s 16 22.6-q(Me)3C(Boc) 80.0-s 4-OCOCH3 22.0-q5 83.8-d 10-OCOCH3 20.2-q1 87.7-s 5′ 24.3-d4 80.0-s 6′ 22.7-q2 69.0-d 7′ 21.6-q20 75.5-t 18 14.6-q2′ 73.3-d 19 9.8-q7 71.2-d q-苯甲酰基 127.5-s10 74.3-d o-苯甲酰基 129.5-d13 74.1-d m-苯甲酰基 128.6-d14 79.1-d p-苯甲酰基 133.7-d
质谱:(NH3,DEP/CI,正离子):(m/z)889[(MNH4)+],832[(MNH4-(CH3)3C)+],772[(MNH4-BocNH2)+].:
(NH3,DEP/CI,负离子):(m/z)871(M-),260
(侧链)
红外光谱(KBr压片):3521,3321,2971,2953,1826,1762,1706,1526,1366,1238,1165,1072,723cm-1
UV 光谱 (MeOH):231,276和284nm;
-E1% (231nm)=180.99
-E1% (276nm)=14.094
-E1% (284nm)=12.182实施例2:合成13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素V,1,14-碳酸酯
在氩气氛下,将5g 13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III,1,14-碳酸酯溶于500ml甲苯中,将该溶液完全脱氧;加入80mg DBU(二氮杂二环[5,4,0]7-十一碳烯),并将该反应混合物在氩气氛下回流1小时。用100ml乙酸乙酯将该溶液稀释,并用水洗涤。将有机相蒸发至干,获得了4.5g 13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素V,1,14-碳酸酯,其具有下述化学-物理以及光谱学特征:分子式:C44H57NO17外观:白色粉末熔点:245℃表3:在CDCl3溶液中的化学位移(ppm)1H NMR(200MHz)H Ppm,多重性 (Hz) H Ppm,多重性 (Hz)2 6.18d(7.9) 2′* 4.75d(8.6)3 3.80d(7.8) 3′ 4.01m5 4.93dd(7.8.4.8) 4′a 1.25m6 2.23m 4′b 1.48m7 3.76m 5′ 1.67m10 6.79s 6′ 0.99d(6.4)13 6.44d(6.7) 7′ 0.97d(6.4)14 4.88d(7.0) 4-OCOCH3 2.58s16 1.29s 10-OCOCH3 2.20s17 1.31s Boc 1.37s18 1.87d(1.5) o-苯甲酰基 8.06m19 1.71s m-苯甲酰基 7.49m20 4.38s p-苯甲酰基 7.61m
3′-NH* 4.60d(11.2)*可以消失的表4:在CDCl3溶液中的化学位移(ppm)13C NMR(50.308MHz)C Ppm,多重性 C Ppm,多重性9 206.1s 8 58.2s1′ 173.1s 3′ 52.0d4-OCOCH3 172.7s 3 40.4d10-OCOCH3 169.3s 15 41.5s2-COPh 165.1s 4′ 40.6tC=O(Boc) 156.6s 6 35.2tC=O(碳酸酯) 152.1s (CH3)3C 28.4q
(Boc)12 137.6s 17 25.4q11 134.0s 16 22.4q(Me)3q(Boc)§ 81.7s 4-OCOCH3 22.7q5 82.7d 10-OCOCH318.6q1 88.5s 5′ 25.1d4§ 80.7s 6′ 23.4q2 69.9d 7′ 20.9q20 77.2t 18 ^15.2q
(续)
表4:(续)在CDCl3溶液中的化学位移(ppm)13C NMR(50.308MHz)2′°74.6d 19 ^16.2q7° 77.6d q-苯甲酰基 128.3s10° 74.2d o-苯甲酰基 130.2d13° 76.0d m-苯甲酰基 128.2d14 79.9d p-苯甲酰基 134.4d*,§,°,^=可以消失的
质谱(TSP+):(m/z)872(MH+);816(MH+-(CH3)2C=CH2);772(816-CO2);756(816-AcOH);712(772-AcOH)
红外光谱(KBr压片):3450,2963,1813,1740,1702,1247,1091,710cm-1
UV 光谱(MeOH):200e 230nm
-E1% (200nm)=370.9
-E1% (230nm)=193.2实施例3:制备(4S,5R)-N-Boc-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸制备N-Bob-L-亮氨醇(III):
在装配有机械搅拌器、温度计和滴液漏斗的2L三颈园底烧瓶中,将46.8g L-亮氨醇II(400mmol)溶于300ml二氯甲烷中。然后用90分钟将Boc酸酐(87.2g,400mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液滴加到该搅拌溶液中。在加入前25%Boc酸酐期间,该反应放热,其达到了20-30℃,并形成了浆状液,在室温再搅拌3小时后其变澄清。将整个混合物在室温下放置过夜。将溶剂在高度真空下蒸发,获得了所需产物,为粘稠的油状物,产率为定量(87g)。然后不用进一步纯化直接处理该产物。制备N-Boc-L-亮氨醛(IV):
向在-60/-65℃预冷却的草酰氯(26.274mL,300mmol)在130ml二氯甲烷中的溶液中缓慢地加入DMSO(28.4mL,400mmol)。
当DMSO加入完成时该溶液变澄清。在同一温度下搅拌20分钟后,用25分钟将醇III(43.7g,200mmol)在二氯甲烷(200mL)中的溶液加到该反应混合物中。将温度保持在-60℃以下。在加入该醇期间,该反应混合物变浑浊,并形成了白色沉淀。在同一温度下搅拌20-25分钟后,用40分钟滴加三乙胺(112mL,800mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液,同时将温度保持在-68--62℃。然后将该反应混合物在-60--65℃再搅拌50分钟。对该反应混合物进行TLC分析,使用8%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液展开,没有检测到任何原料产物。
然后将该冷溶液倒入含有68g(0.5mol)KHSO4的800ml冰溶液中。分离出有机层,并用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取水相。将合并的有机相用KHSO4水溶液(5%,1×200mL)、盐水(100mL,50mL)洗涤,并浓缩至一半体积(~250mL)。所述材料直接用于下一步骤。醛(V)亚硫酸氢盐化合物衍生物
在装配有机械搅拌器、温度计和滴液漏斗的2L三颈园底烧瓶中,在-5℃,用10分钟依次向将醛(IV)的二氯甲烷溶液中加入亚硫酸氢钠(41.7g,400mmol)在水(200mL)中的溶液和n-Bu4NHSO4(678mg,2mmol)。将该溶液冷却至-5℃。将该反应混合物在-5℃-0℃搅拌5-6小时,然后在室温搅拌过夜。分离出含有化合物V的水相,并用二氯甲烷(2×20mL)洗涤。(2-氰基-3-(N-Boc)-氨基-5-甲基己醇(VI)
向上述水溶液(~250mL)中加入二氯甲烷(120mL),并将该反应混合物在冰浴上冷却至0-5℃。然后向该反应混合物中加入固体KCN(15g,230mmol),并将该溶液在室温搅拌过夜。分离出有机相,并用二氯甲烷萃取水相。将合并的有机相用盐水(1×50mL)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,并蒸发,获得了产物,为无色粘稠液体(43g)。该产物具有[α]D51.11(c=2,MeOH),并且是VI2(R),3(S)和2(S),3(S)衍生物的大约2∶1的混合物。按原料L-亮氨醇计,产率为89%。(2RS,3S)-3-氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸(VII)
将上述腈VI粗产物的混合物(43g)用150ml浓盐酸(37%)(150mL)处理,并回流过夜,获得了酸VII*粗产物。将过量的盐酸通过旋转蒸发仪除去,并将残余物与水(100mL)一起蒸发来除去HCl。然后将残余物溶于150ml水中,并加入100ml丙酮,然后用33ml 6.25M氢氧化钠溶液处理以将pH调节至5。再向该溶液中加入一定量丙酮(500mL),在4℃静置过夜。然后过滤出沉淀固体,将固体滤饼用丙酮洗涤,并真空干燥,获得了酸VII粗产物(6.5g),其中含有化合物VI的2(R),3(S)和2(S),3(S)衍生物的约3∶1混合物。
将滤液蒸发,并加入水以将溶液的体积调节至75mL。
然后向该溶液中加入丙酮(1L),在冰箱中于4℃静置过夜。然后过滤出沉淀固体,将固体滤饼用丙酮洗涤,并真空干燥,获得了另一部分产物(18g),其中含有固体氯化钠以及VII的2(R),3(S)和2(S),3(S)衍生物的约1∶1混合物。
将收集的第一批产物VII(22.5g)在水(120mL)中加热,没有获得完全溶解,然后在冰中冷却,过滤,获得了12.5g仍然含有约10%非所需的VII的2(R),3(S)衍生物的酸VII。将该产物干燥,并与上述第二批结晶的约1∶1混合物合并(总共约27g)。(2RS,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸(VIII)
(A)将纯度约为90%的酸VI2(R),3(S)粗产物(2.5g,77.6mmol)溶于水-THF 1∶1混合物(80mL)中,然后向该反应混合物中依次加入三乙胺(13.5mL)和Boc酸酐(18.5g,85mmol),将整个溶液在室温搅拌40小时。用旋转蒸发仪将溶剂蒸发,加入60ml水和60ml乙酸乙酯,同时将整个混合物保持在搅拌状态下。分离出水相,并用乙酸乙酯(30mL)萃取。用10%碳酸钠水溶液(30mL,20mL)萃取合并的有机相。然后将碱性萃取液与用2M盐酸(~55mL)酸化的水相合并,以将溶液的pH调节至2。用乙酸乙酯(3×40mL)将酸VIII从水相中萃取出来,将该杂环乙酸萃取液用水(20mL)洗涤,干燥(硫酸镁)并蒸发,获得了VII Boc衍生物粗产物,为糖浆状物(20g,99%)。
(B)将纯度约为50%、含有杂质NaCl(27g)的酸VII 2R,3S粗产物溶于水-二氧杂环己烷1∶1混合物(120mL)中,然后向该反应混合物中依次加入三乙胺(20mL)和Boc酸酐(26.16g,120mmol)。将溶液在室温搅拌40小时。用旋转蒸发仪将溶剂蒸发,并向残余物中加入水(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(100mL),同时继续搅拌几分钟。分离出有机相,并用10%碳酸钠水溶液(45mL,30mL)萃取。然后将碳酸钠萃取液与水相合并,用1M盐酸(~165mL)酸化,并用乙酸乙酯(3×60mL)萃取,然后用水(30mL)洗涤,干燥(硫酸镁)并蒸发,获得了VII Boc粗产物,为糖浆状物(16g),其由2R,3S和2S,3S异构体的1∶1混合物组成。(2R,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸甲酯(IX)
重氮甲烷是按照T.H.Black报道的方法[Aldrichimica Acta,16,3(1983)]由diazald制得的。
(A)将酸VIII粗产物(20g,56.6mmol)在二氯甲烷(75mL)中的溶液缓慢地加到冷的重氮甲烷乙醚溶液(~77mmol)中,并将该混合物在冰浴上放置2小时。在该步骤,溶液的颜色变成白色,这意味着大多数重氮甲烷已经被消耗了。然后将该溶液浓缩,并将残余物从甲苯(20mL)和己烷(70mL)的混合物中重结晶。在冰箱中于4℃冷却过夜后,通过过滤收集纯IXA 2R,3S衍生物的晶体。产量为15g。从母液中获得了约5g1∶1异构体混合物。
(B)使用相同方法,将酸VIII的1∶1混合物(16g)转化成IXA和IXB酯的1∶1混合物。加入从母液中获得的物质(在步骤A中获得的5g),将物质合并,并通过柱色谱法分离,用己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1-7∶3)洗脱。使用茚三酮作为TLC板的显色剂。经鉴定,Rf为0.75(己烷-乙酸乙酯:7∶3)的非极性化合物是所需的酯IXA(2R,3S),将其从环己烷中重结晶,获得了IXA,为无色针状物(8g),熔点为95-96℃。[α]72.4°(c=1,MeOH)。
经鉴定,Rf为0.5(己烷-乙酸乙酯:7∶3)的极性化合物是酯IXB(2S,3S),将其从环己烷中重结晶,获得了10g IXB,为无色针状结晶。2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇
将2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(41.25g,0.25mol)、无水原甲酸三甲酯(50mL)和硝酸铵(2g溶于20ml甲醇中)的混合物回流6小时(该反应混合物的1H NMR表明转化率为65-70%)。开始时该反应混合物是澄清溶液,但是随着反应的进行沉淀出固体。加入另一部分无水原甲酸三甲酯(20mL),并蒸馏除去部分甲醇。
当该反应混合物的温度达到95-100℃时,在烧瓶中所有固体都溶解了。将该溶液冷却至室温,并加入无水碳酸钠(5g),搅拌30分钟。然后将该溶液过滤,并通过在0.25mmHg真空下分馏将残余物蒸馏。在低温下的第一个馏分主要由过量原甲酸三乙酯组成,在175-180℃作为无色油状物蒸馏出来的第二个馏分是所需醛缩醇。产量:37g(70%)。(4S,5R)-N-Boc-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸甲酯(X)
向(2R,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸甲酯(IXA)(34.375g,125mmol)在无水THF(150ml)中的溶液内依次加入蒸馏的2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇(30g,142mmol)和对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(Py.Tos;400mg)。
将该溶液在装配有迪安斯榻克分水器的500ml三颈烧瓶中于弱回流条件下加热。回流约6小时后,在反应期间,有约60ml含有甲醇的THF被除去。取样进行1H NMR分析(在CDCl3中)。在δ=1.41ppm的峰消失了(1),在δ=1.24ppm出现了与该保护甲酯有关的一个新峰(2)。回流6小时后,转化率为约70-75%。
加入新鲜等分的无水THF(50ml),然后加入一定量2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩醇(5.0g;24mmol)。将该反应混合物再回流2.5小时,期间使用迪安斯榻克分水器除去了约50ml THF。随后进行的1HNMR分析表明原料已完全转化了。
向该反应混合物中加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(15ml),然后将该混合物搅拌15分钟以中和Py.Tos。加入叔丁基甲基醚(85ml)和水(15ml),并分离出有机相。用叔丁基甲基醚(20ml)萃取水相,将合并的有机相用水(30ml)洗涤,并蒸发,获得了粗产物X残余物(66g)。将酯X水解以获得酸XI
将酯X粗产物(22g,42mmol)溶于100ml甲醇中,并加入含有8.7g碳酸钾的水(50ml)。在室温搅拌过夜后,TLC监测(甲苯-乙酸乙酯:4.5∶1)表明该反应完全。1H NMR分析表明不存在甲酯峰,这证实了该TLC分析结果。
将甲醇在不超过40℃的温度真空蒸发(约60g残余物),向残余物中加入水(150ml)。用乙酸乙酯(5×50ml)萃取该水悬浮液以除去苯甲醛和过量苯甲醛缩二甲醇。向水相中加入90ml二氯甲烷,将该混合物在冰浴上冷却,并在剧烈搅拌下用约125ml 1M NaHSO4(pH=3)处理该二相系统。分离各相,并用二氯甲烷(75ml)萃取水相。将合并的二氯甲烷萃取液用水(30ml)、盐水(30ml)洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。然后将该溶液保持在-60℃直至下次使用。获得了16g终产物,为无色固体,按原料产物计,产率约为93%。实施例4:制备14β-羟基-7-Tes浆果赤霉素III 1,14碳酸酯
向11.2g 10-去乙酰基-14-羟基浆果赤霉素III在50ml无水四氢呋喃内的溶液中加入0.72g CeCl3.7H2O和7.3ml乙酸酐。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌5小时;期间该混合物变均匀。加入10g冰,将整个混合物搅拌1小时。将四氢呋喃真空蒸发,并用200ml水将残余物稀释。过滤出沉淀,并在P2O5存在下真空干燥。将产物从乙酸乙酯中结晶,获得了10g 14-羟基浆果赤霉素III,其具有下述特征:
Mp:236-8℃;IR(KBr):3474,1739,1400,1240,1090,1049cm-1.
1H NMR(CDCl3,200MHz);8.07(d,J=8Hz,Bz),7.55(d,J=8Hz,Bz),7.44(t,J=8Hz,Bz),6.31(s,H-10),5.80(d,J=7Hz,H-2),4.97(br d,J=8Hz,H-5),4.73(br,d,J=4Hz,H-13),4.41(m,H-7),4.24(d,J=4Hz,H-14),4.20(d,J=7Hz,H-20a),4.06(d,J=7Hz,H-20b),3.89(J O(Hz,H-3),2.29(s,OAc),2.22(s,OAc),2.04(s,H-18),1.66(s,H-19),1.25,1.11(s,H-16和H-17).
向装配有搅拌器、滴液漏斗、温度计和回流冷凝器、并冷却至-12℃的四颈烧瓶中加入52.8ml 1.9M光气在甲苯中的溶液。在搅拌下用30分钟向该溶液中滴加溶于53ml二氯甲烷和17.5ml吡啶中的11.6g 14-羟基浆果赤霉素III。将温度保持在-6--10℃。30分钟后,在搅拌下加入50ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,同时严格控制温度。温热至室温后,分离各相。用二氯甲烷反萃取水相,用45ml 2N HCl洗涤有机相以将pH调节至约1。将有机相依次用0.1N HCl和碳酸氢钠洗涤,然后用硫酸钠干燥,蒸发至干,以定量产率获得了11.5g 14-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14碳酸酯。
在室温将11.5g 14-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14碳酸酯溶于50mlDMF,并加入1.1当量三乙基氯硅烷和3当量N-甲基咪唑。反应完全后,将该混合物倒入500ml水中,过滤出沉淀,并用水充分洗涤,然后干燥,获得了12.8g 14β-羟基-7-Tes浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯,其具有与实施例1产物相同的特征。实施例5:合成13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III,1,14碳酸酯
使用在上一实施例中获得的14β-羟基-7-Tes浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯作为原料,操作如下。
将20g 14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14碳酸酯浆果赤霉素III与300ml严格无水甲苯置于1L园底烧瓶中;加入溶于二氯甲烷中的(4S,5R)-N-Boc-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸和2g N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP),并加入9.5g二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)。将该反应混合物回流3小时,然后冷却以沉淀出脲(ureic)产物,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤母液以除去未反应的酸。然后用稀盐酸洗涤以除去DMAP,最后再用碳酸氢钠洗涤至中性。将有机相浓缩至干,获得了可直接用于下一步骤的41.5g产物。
将40g该化合物分两步脱保护,首先除去Tes,然后除去2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛。在氮气氛下,将40g该化合物溶于100ml乙腈/吡啶混合物(80∶100)中,并将该混合物冷却至0℃;加入13ml氟化吡啶鎓,将整个混合物搅拌24小时。将该溶液倒入2L水中,过滤出产物并真空干燥。将残余物溶于60ml二氯甲烷中,在剧烈搅拌下于0℃向该溶液中加入40ml 0.6N HCl的甲醇溶液。将该反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后用150ml二氯甲烷稀释,并与碳酸氢钠溶液一起振摇以将pH调节至6-7。将有机相浓缩至干,将残余物从丙酮/己烷中结晶。干燥后,获得了16.5g 13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III 1,14-碳酸酯。
Claims (10)
2.制备式(I)化合物的方法,其中将13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III 1,14-碳酸酯在甲醇或THF中用DBU(二氮杂二环[5,4,0]7-十一碳烯)处理,或者将其在与二氯甲烷或氯代溶剂的溶液中在选自甲醇、乙醇或丙醇的脂族醇存在下用碱性allumine处理1小时-14天。
3.制备13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯的方法,其中包括下述步骤:
a)将14β-羟基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III或V转化成在7-位三乙基甲硅烷基化的衍生物;
b)由步骤(a)产物制备1,14碳酸酯衍生物;
c)将10-羟基选择性地乙酰化;
d)将步骤(c)产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;
e)将三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基保护基从步骤(d)产物上裂解下来。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中在步骤(a)中甲硅烷基化剂是三乙基氯硅烷;在步骤(b)中,1,14碳酸酯衍生物使用在甲苯中的光气在3∶1二氯甲烷/吡啶溶液中于氮气氛下制备;步骤(c)的还原是在无水THF中用LiHMDS进行的,然后用乙酰氯将所得10-羟基衍生物乙酰化;步骤(d)的缩合反应是在无水非极性有机溶剂中在碱和缩合剂二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下进行的;在步骤(e)中,三乙基甲硅烷基是在乙腈/吡啶溶液中于氮气氛下用氟化吡啶鎓除去的,而二甲氧基亚苄基保护基是在二氯甲烷溶剂中通过加入HCl/甲醇、然后加入NaHCO3来除去的。
5.制备13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酰基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯的方法,其中包括下述步骤:
a′)将14β-羟基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III或V的C-10羟基选择性地乙酰化;
b′)由步骤(a′)产物制备1,14碳酸酯衍生物;
c′)将C-7的羟基甲硅烷基化;
d′)将步骤(c′)产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;
e′)将三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基保护基从步骤(d′)产物上裂解下来。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中步骤(a′)的选择性乙酰化是在铈、钪、镱盐,优选CeCl3.7H2O存在下用乙酸酐进行的,并且步骤(b′)-(e′)是按照与权利要求4的步骤(b)、(a)、(d)和(e)类似的方式进行的。
7.制备(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸的方法,其中包括下述步骤:
a)用Boc保护亮氨醇的氨基;
b)将N-Boc-L-亮氨醇转化成N-Boc-L-亮氨醛;
c)制备步骤(b)产物的氰醇;
d)将所述氰醇腈转化成相应的羧酸;
e)形成羧酸甲酯;
f)纯化(2R,3S)-3-(N-Boc)氨基-2-羟基-5-甲基己酸甲酯;
g)将步骤(f)产物与2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇缩合;
h)将(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸甲酯转化成相应的羧酸。
8.下述合成中间体:14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯,14β-羟基-7-Tes-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基-7-Tes-浆果赤霉素III或V,14β-羟基-7-Tes-浆果赤霉素III或V 1,14-碳酸酯,(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸。
9.药物组合物,其中含有化合物(I)和可药用载体以及赋形剂。
10.化合物(I)在制备具有抗癌活性的药物中的应用。
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US8557861B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2013-10-15 | Mast Therapeutics, Inc. | Low oil emulsion compositions for delivering taxoids and other insoluble drugs |
TWI376239B (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2012-11-11 | Andrew Xian Chen | Vitamin e succinate stabilized pharmaceutical compositions, methods for the preparation and the use thereof |
US7232916B1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-06-19 | Indena S.P.A. | Process for the preparation of a taxane derivative |
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CN104650109A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-27 | 天士力控股集团有限公司 | 紫杉烷类化合物 |
WO2015074606A1 (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | 天士力控股集团有限公司 | 紫杉烷类化合物、其制备方法和用途 |
US9890175B2 (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2018-02-13 | Jiangsu Tasly Diyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Taxane compound, and preparation method and use thereof |
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