CN1326343A - 降促乳素药物 - Google Patents

降促乳素药物 Download PDF

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CN1326343A
CN1326343A CN99813420A CN99813420A CN1326343A CN 1326343 A CN1326343 A CN 1326343A CN 99813420 A CN99813420 A CN 99813420A CN 99813420 A CN99813420 A CN 99813420A CN 1326343 A CN1326343 A CN 1326343A
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W·武特克
H·哈里
M·泊普
V·克利斯托弗
B·斯彭格勒
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可降低促乳素的药物,它包含(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)所示半日花烷型或克罗烷型二萜中至少一种,其中的R1是H、C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基。

Description

降促乳素药物
本发明涉及降促乳素药物。
长期以来,取自穗花牡荆(穗花牡荆,牡荆树)的提取物在自然疗法中被用于治疗经前期综合征。患者常主诉行经前乳房胀痛,临床伴以促乳素增高。
穗花牡荆提取物具有降促乳素特性,这可以通过目前的临床和药理学得以证明。此前,人们已进行了广泛的尝试,希望能鉴定或进而分离出穗花牡荆中能够缓解经前期综合征的物质。
因此,1999年1月13日Basle大学哲学与自然科学学院Daniel Berger的题为“穗花牡荆:一种新提取物在经前期综合征方面被认可的安全性和有效性,有效原理和机制”的论文讲述了有关穗花牡荆的多方面内容。
该论文描述了许多不同的组分,用来解释药物的药理学性能。
在穗花牡荆叶和果实所制的药物中都存在着环烯醚萜苷桃叶珊瑚苷、穗花牡荆苷和eurostoside。
而且,可从果实中分离亲脂性黄酮醇紫花牡荆素、penduletin、大黄酚D和6-羟基莰非醇的3,6,7,4′-四甲基乙醚。
现有技术还记载,可在穗花牡荆的果实中检测到黄体酮、17α-羟基-黄体酮、睾酮和表睾酮。
此外,可在穗花牡荆的果实中发现约73种不同化合物,其中最主要的是α-蒎烯、桧烯、β-水芹烯和4-萜品醇等单萜和β-石竹烯、别香树烯、大根向叶烯B、斯巴醇和τ-杜松醇等单萜。
除上述物质外,穗花牡荆的果实中还存在着相当量的脂肪酸,其中包括饱和、单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸。因此,在果实中可检测到例如α-亚麻酸、油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸和肾上腺酸。
对提取自穗花牡荆果实的精油的进一步检测还发现存在着二萜。以上所述提供了这样的信息,即可自穗花牡荆的果实分离得到以下二萜:以下结构式所示的rotundifuran、牡荆内酯和6β,7β-二乙酸基-13-羟基-半日花-8,14-二烯。
Figure A9981342000081
6β,7β-二乙酸基-13-羟基-半日花-8,14-二烯
在现有技术中,曾用多种方法来寻找穗花牡荆提取物可能的作用机制,以及是否可用一种或一类特定物质来解释全提取物的药理学作用。
因此,用各种阿片样物质受体、苯并二氮杂受体、5-羟色胺重吸收位点、组胺-H1受体和多巴胺-D2受体进行了测定。
为了检验用穗花牡荆组分进行的多巴胺-D2受体结合研究结果,并由此找到真正的有效物质,用已知的穗花牡荆组分(纯物质)以上述现有技术进行了试验。这些纯组分是桃叶珊瑚苷、紫花牡荆素、均东方蓼黄素、亚油酸、藤黄菌素-7-苷、东方蓼黄素和牡荆葡基黄酮、rotundifuran、6β,7β-二乙酸基-13-羟基-半日花-8,14-二烯等二萜。
然而,该论文在154页第2.3.4.5章中明确说明,所测物质单独的IC50值都不够低,因而不足以单独解释穗花牡荆的亲脂性己烷全提取物的活性及药理学作用。
在该现有技术的基础上,本发明的目的是提供一种来自穗花牡荆果实的纯物质,由其制备的治疗经前期综合征的药物制剂。
本发明的目的通过权利要求1所述的药物和权利要求12及14所述的新物质得以实现。
总的来说,本发明出人意料地发现,某些二环二萜类化合物对大鼠垂体培养细胞具有降促乳素作用。这一机制很可能可移用于人。
本发明的二萜类衍生物具有半日花烷型和clerodane型骨架:半日花烷结构
Figure A9981342000092
克罗烷结构
具体地说,本发明发现用通式I-IV所示的化合物可获得对垂体培养细胞的降促乳素作用,且毒性低:R1=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中通式I或II的A环和/或B环上的1、2、3、4、6、7、8或9位可被至少一个OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中通式III或IV的A环和/或B环上的1、2、3、4、6、7或8位可被至少一个OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中,至少一个17、18、19和20位的碳原子可被OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中,至少一个17、18、19和20位的CH3基团可被COOH基团替代;
其中,环上1、2、3、6或7位中至少其一可是酮基;而且
通式I和III环上1、2、3、6、7、8、8(17)位中可至少有一根双键;而通式II和IV环上1、2、3、4(18)、6、7、8、8(17)位中可至少有一根双键。
此外,本发明优选的是如下化合物:
Figure A9981342000101
以及克罗烷-Y,14-二烯-13-醇,其中的Y=环上1、2、3、4(18)、6、7或8(17)位;和
以及克罗烷-Y,Z,14-三烯-13-醇,其中的Y或Z=环上1、3或1、4(18)或1、6或1、7或1、8(17)位或环上2、4(18)或2、6或2、7或2、8(17)或环上4(18)、6或4(18)、7或4(18)、8(17)或环上6、8(17)位。
可通过分级亲脂萃取从穗花牡荆果实的乙醇-水提取物中富集并鉴定这些化合物,以确定它们的结构。
尤其是,用强亲脂性溶剂,例如C5-10中长链烃,特别是正己烷,可大大增强降促乳素作用。而且,用超临界二氧化碳进行的穗花牡荆果实萃取可大大富集主要有效成分,该物质可经还原成为通式I-IV所示的化合物。
以上结构式所示的本发明化合物都具有抑制大鼠垂体亲乳(lacotropic)细胞所分泌促乳素的作用。
在另外的毒性研究中发现,本发明所分离并鉴定的化合物毒性很低,这使得它们在药物制剂方面特别具有吸引力。
本发明还发现,所述物质还与人重组多巴胺-D2受体结合。
根据对实施例的描述和附图还可发现本发明的其他优点和特征,其中
图1显示二环二萜化合物对大鼠垂体培养细胞促乳素释放的影响。
用已知方法,即用有机溶剂或有机溶剂与水或超临界二氧化碳的混合物进行浸渍或渗滤,制备了一种穗花牡荆果(Fructus Agni Casti)的乙醇提取物。
为此,优选使用乙醇与水的50∶50至90∶10、20-60℃混合物。
将由此获得的萃取物分配在不同极性、不混溶的两相间。在此,用烷烃、卤代烃、酮、酯作为亲脂相,用醇和水作为亲水相。优选的是C5-7烷烃与乙醇/水1∶2至1∶10混合物的等体积混合物。
亲脂相具有降促乳素活性,可借助例如高压液相层析和制备性薄层层析等已知方法进一步纯化。
可用10L的乙醇/水6/4(v/v)从1kg穗花牡荆果肉中渗滤得到提取物。由该提取物制备干物质含量1.75g的增稠提取物,在分液漏斗中,将其分配在375ml 15%EtOH和375ml正己烷之间,放出正己烷相,用正己烷再振荡萃取水相。
合并的己烷相经减压浓缩后得到300mg残留物。
由此所得的残留物再用高压液相层析进行分离。为此,使用21.4×300mm的柱,以粒径8μm的C-18为固定相。用乙腈/水60/40为溶剂,以10ml/min流速进行层析。上样后,在60分钟内将乙腈浓度线性升至100%。
二萜化合物在350至450ml之间全部洗出。可从300mg己烷相获得约38mg二萜化合物混合物。用合适的方法收集二萜化合物流份。
在层厚1mm的二氧化硅凝胶层上,根据后文所述对各质使用不同的流动相进行制备层析,以进一步纯化所得的二萜混合物。用大茴香醛(DAB 10,1997)进行检测。用氯仿/甲醇洗脱薄板上的各纯二萜带,用偶联的气相层析质谱进行分析。
98-164(图1中的“146”)的制备:
6β-乙酸基-9α-羟基-15,16-环氧-13(16),14-半日花二烯(rotundifuran)流动相:氯仿/甲醇95/5Rf值:0.75GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=362[M]+,344,302,287,284,207,150,135,95,81。98-119(图1中的“119”)的制备:克罗烷-4-二烯-13-醇流动相:氯仿/甲醇95/5Rf值:0.63GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=290[M]+,272,257,243,229,191,189。98-153(图1中无)的制备:x,13-二羟基-14-半日花烯流动相:氯仿/甲醇95/5Rf值:0.37GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=290[M-H2O]+,275,272,257,191,177。98-152(图1中无)的制备:6β,7β-二乙酸基-13羟基-半日花8,14-二烯流动相:氯仿/甲醇99/1流动距离:16cm,展开3×Rf值:0.5GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=346[M-60]+,307,304,286,247,205,187,177,135。98-166(图1中的“166”)的制备:x-羟基-y-酮基-15,16-环氧-13(16),14-半日花二烯流动相:氯仿/正己烷90/10展开3×,流动距离:16cmRf值:0.74GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=318[M]+,300,285,193,166,95,81。
Figure A9981342000142
98-167(图1中的“167”)的制备:x-乙酸基-13-羟基-半日花-y,14-二烯流动相:氯仿/正己烷90/10展开3×,流动距离:16cmRf值:0.5GC-MS中非衍生物质的特征性片段:m/z=330[M-H2O]+,288,270,255,249,189,132,119,71
对促乳素释放的影响:
按照Jarry等,实验临床内分泌学,第102卷(1994)448-454中所述,测定雌性大鼠垂体培养细胞的促乳素释放。将二萜的乙醇溶液加入细胞培养物。以相应的乙醇浓度和多巴胺进行对照实验。
以无补加物培养基中培养的细胞的上清液中测得的促乳素浓度为100%。二萜化合物显著降低促乳素的释放。结果见图1。该图显示,二环二萜化合物降低大鼠垂体培养细胞的促乳素释放。作为对照的是培养基,加乙醇和加10-4摩尔浓度多巴胺(=DA-4M)的培养基。浓度表示为mg二萜/ml培养基。

Claims (18)

1.  一种降促乳素药物,它含有通式I,II,III或IV所示半日花烷型或克罗烷型二萜中至少一种:其中,R1=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中通式I或II的A环和/或B环上的1、2、3、6、7、8或9位可被至少一个OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中通式III或IV的A环和/或B环上的1、2、3、4、6、7或8位可被至少一个OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中,至少一个17、18、19和20位的碳原子可被OX基团取代,其中的X=H,C1-3烷基或C1-3酰基;
其中,至少一个17、18、19和20位的CH3基团可被COOH基团替代;
其中,环上1、2、3、6或7位中至少其一可是酮基;而且
通式I和III环上1、2、3、6、7、8、8(17)位中可至少有一根双键;而通式II和IV环上1、2、3、4(18)、6、7、8、8(17)位中可至少有一根双键。
2.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000031
3.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000032
尤其是
Figure A9981342000033
4.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000034
5.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
6.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
7.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000043
8.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000044
9.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
10.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
11.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000052
12.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:
Figure A9981342000053
13.  根据权利要求1所述的降促乳素药物,它是具有以下通式的化合物:尤其是
Figure A9981342000055
14.  权利要求1—13中任一项所述降促乳素药物的用途,用于治疗经前期综合征、乳房痛、月经周期紊乱,月经稀少至闭经。
15.  克罗烷-Y,14-二烯-13-醇,其中的Y=环上1、2、3、4(18)、6、7或8(17)位。
16.  克罗烷-Y,14-二烯-13-醇的用途,其中的Y=环上1、2、3、4(18)、6、7或8(17)位,用作降促乳素药物或用于治疗经前期综合征、乳房痛、月经周期紊乱,月经稀少至闭经。
17.  克罗烷-Y,Z,14-三烯-13-醇,其中的Y或Z=环上1、3或1、4(18)或1、6或1、7或1、8(17)位或环上2、4(18)或2、6或2、7或2、8(17)或环上4(18)、6或4(18)、7或4(18)、8(17)或环上6、8(17)位。
18.  克罗烷-Y,Z,14-三烯-13-醇的用途,其中的Y或Z=环上1、3或1、4(18)或1、6或1、7或1、8(17)位或环上2、4(18)或2、6或2、7或2、8(17)或环上4(18)、6或4(18)、7或4(18)、8(17)或环上6、8(17)位,用作降促乳素药物或用于治疗经前期综合征、乳房痛、月经周期紊乱,月经稀少至闭经。
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CN103553919A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 成都中医药大学 一种萜类化合物及其制备方法和用途
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CN105085449A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 上海中医药大学 半日花型二萜衍生物及其制备方法和应用
CN106565641A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-04-19 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 呋喃半日花烷二萜衍生物及其药物组合物和其在制药中的应用
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CN103553919A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 成都中医药大学 一种萜类化合物及其制备方法和用途
CN103553919B (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-12-31 成都中医药大学 一种萜类化合物及其制备方法和用途
CN103804330A (zh) * 2014-02-25 2014-05-21 中国药科大学 ent-半日花烷二萜衍生物的制备及抗肿瘤用途
CN105085449A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 上海中医药大学 半日花型二萜衍生物及其制备方法和应用
CN105085449B (zh) * 2014-05-13 2019-03-26 上海中医药大学 半日花型二萜衍生物及其制备方法和应用
CN106565641A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-04-19 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 呋喃半日花烷二萜衍生物及其药物组合物和其在制药中的应用
CN106565641B (zh) * 2016-11-14 2019-04-02 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 呋喃半日花烷二萜衍生物及其药物组合物和其在制药中的应用
CN110305082A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2019-10-08 成都格利普生物科技有限公司 采用蔓荆子提取蔓荆呋喃的方法

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