CN1293551C - 有限运行数据储存介质以及限制访问其上数据的方法 - Google Patents
有限运行数据储存介质以及限制访问其上数据的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1293551C CN1293551C CNB028066421A CN02806642A CN1293551C CN 1293551 C CN1293551 C CN 1293551C CN B028066421 A CNB028066421 A CN B028066421A CN 02806642 A CN02806642 A CN 02806642A CN 1293551 C CN1293551 C CN 1293551C
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- Prior art keywords
- data storage
- memory medium
- coating
- storage media
- data
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种有限运行光储存介质和限制访问其上的数据的方法。该储存介质包括:一种光透明基材(5);一个反射层(7);一个布置在所述基材和所述反射层之间的数据储存层(9);一个布置在所述基材与所述数据储存层相反的一侧上的氧可透过性紫外涂层(1);和布置在所述紫外涂层和所述基材之间的反应层,所述反应层具有约50%或更大的初始反射率和约45%或更小的后续反射率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有限运行光储存介质和一种限制访问其上数据的方法。
背景技术
光、磁和磁-光介质是高性能储存技术的主要来源,高性能储存技术能使高储存容量与合理的每兆字节储存价格相结合。光介质已经广泛用于音频、视频和计算机数据用途,其形式例如光盘(CD);数字化多功能光盘(DVD),包括多层结构如DVD-5、DVD-9和多面形式如DVD-10和DVD-18;磁-光盘(MO)和其它一次写入和可再写的形式如CD-R、CD-RW、DVD-R、DVD-RW、DVD+RW、DVD-RAM等等,下文通称为“数据储存介质”。在这些形式中,数据在基材上被编码成为数字化数据序列。在预记录介质中,例如CD,数据通常是通过注塑、冲压等方法在塑料基材表面上形成的坑和槽。
在可记录介质中,数据通过激光编码,激光照射活性数据层,活性数据层产生相变,因此产生一系列高反射性或非反射性的区域,构成数据流。在这些形式中,激光束首先通过塑料基材传播,然后到达数据层。在数据层处,根据所编码的数据,激光束被反射或者不被反射。激光然后返回通过塑料并进入解释数据的光检测器系统中。
在某些用途中,希望的是光盘具有有限的寿命。例如,为了引诱潜在的客户购买软件,向他们提供演示性计算机程序。希望这些程序只能使用有限的时间。另外,音乐和影片目前被出租有限的时间。在这些用途和其它用途的每一种中,在时间到期时,光盘必须返回。对于不需要在租借期结束时返回的机械可读光盘存在需求。有限运行盘为这一问题提供了解决方案。
有限运行盘已经用各种方式生产。一种方法包括形成一种盘,其中反射层用多孔层保护使得反射层超过预定的时间期限变成被氧化的。一旦反射层获得一定程度的氧化,该盘就不再是可读的。这种或其它有限运行技术的问题是可以击败这些技术。
如果为光盘提供有限运行的方法可以容易地被用户或家庭手工业击败(defeatable),则这些盘不再是“有限运行的”。在涂层或材料使得光盘不能运行的情况下,例如,该涂层和/或材料容易去除或改性可能提供具有无限可运行性的盘。
因此,在电影制片厂方面非常希望保护它们的知识产权。可以容易地被击败而提供具有无限可运行性的有限运行储存介质的商业化存在不可接受的失去其知识产权的危险。
发明内容
本公开涉及有限运行光储存介质和限制访问其上数据的方法。这种储存介质包括:一种光透明基材;一个反射层;一个布置在所述基材和所述反射层之间的数据储存层;一个布置在所述基材与所述数据储存层相反的一面上的氧气可透过性紫外涂层;和一个布置在所述紫外涂层与所述基材之间的反应层,所述反应层具有约50%或更大的初始反射率和约45%或更小的后续反射率。
限制访问在数据储存介质上布置的数据的方法包括:引导光束到至少一部分所述数据储存介质上,其中,至少一部分所述光通过紫外涂层、反应层、基材和数据储存层;反射至少一部分所述光返回通过所述基材、所述反应层、和所述紫外涂层;并使所述反应层的反射率降低到小于约45%。
附图说明
现参考附图,这些附图是举例说明性而非限制性的。
图1是数据储存介质的立体图;
图2示意表示进入用PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝底层涂覆的数据储存介质中的铝层中和被其反射的入射光10和透射光12;
图3是在数据储存介质上按反射率百分比测定的隐色亚甲基蓝到亚甲基蓝的转变与时间的动力学曲线;
图4是有和没有紫外固化顶层的PMMA中隐色亚甲基蓝到亚甲基蓝的转变动力学曲线的图解表示;
图5是对于实施例3的数据储存介质,反射率与时间关系的图解表示。
具体实施方式
制造有限运行数据储存介质的方法包括具有反应层和紫外涂层的基材。在与氧气接触时,反应材料,例如基本无色的隐色亚甲基蓝,被氧化形成不透明或半透明的层(例如深蓝色染料亚甲基蓝)。具有不透明/半透明层的数据储存介质不再能够在媒体播放器中运行。通过调节其转变成不透明所花费的时间,该方法可以用来为给定用途提供具有希望寿命的有限运行数据储存介质。但是,已经发现,用这种方法,仅用反应材料层制备的有限运行盘容易“被击败”,例如,在漂白试验中,使得它们不再是“有限运行的”。向具有反应层的盘另外使用紫外可固化顶层提供在漂白试验中不能被击败的有限运行数据储存介质。
该数据储存介质包括在读出激光波长具有低双折射率和高透射率的基材5,即在光介质装置中是可读的;反应材料反应层3;紫外涂层1、数据储存层9和反射层7。(参见图1和2)。基材5可以包含具有足够光学透明性的材料,例如双折射率约±100nm或更小,使得数据储存材料在介质装置中是可读的。一般使用聚碳酸酯。理论上,可以使用任何具有这些性质的塑料作为基材。但是,塑料应该能够承受随后的加工参数(例如后续层的施加),如约为室温(约25℃)到约150℃的溅射温度,以及随后的储存条件(例如在温度最高约70℃的热汽车中)。即希望的是塑料具有足够的热稳定性以防在各层沉积步骤中以及终端用户的储存过程中变形。可能的塑料包括玻璃转变温度约100℃或更高,优选约125℃或更高,更优选约150℃或更高,甚至更优选200℃或更高的热塑性塑料(例如聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚醚砜、聚苯醚、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯等);玻璃转变温度大于约250℃的材料是更优选的,例如尤其是其中砜二苯胺或氧代二苯胺已经取代了间苯二胺的聚醚酰亚胺,以及聚酰亚胺,包含上述塑料的至少一种的组合等等。
基材材料的一些可能的实例包括但不限于无定形、晶体和半晶体的热塑性材料,如:聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃(包括但不限于线性或环状聚烯烃并包括聚乙烯、氯化聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、聚酯(包括但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸环己基亚甲酯等)、聚酰胺、聚砜(包括但不限于氢化的聚砜等)、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、ABS树脂、聚苯乙烯(包括但不限于氢化的聚苯乙烯、间同立构和无规立构聚苯乙烯、聚环己基乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物等)、聚丁二烯、聚丙烯酸酯(包括但不限于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚酰亚胺共聚物等)、聚丙烯腈、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚(包括但不限于得自2,6-二甲基苯酚和与2,3,6-三甲基苯酚的共聚物的那些等等),乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、液晶聚合物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、芳香族聚酯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、四氟乙烯(例如特氟隆)。
本文所用的术语“聚碳酸酯”、“聚碳酸酯组合物”和“包含芳族碳酸酯链单元的组合物”包括具有式(I)的结构单元的组合物:
其中,R1基团总数的至少约60%是芳族有机基团,其余为脂族、脂环族或芳族基团。优选地,R1是芳族有机基团,更优选的是式(II)的基团:
-A1-Y1-A2-(II)
其中,每个A1和A2是单环二价芳基,Y1是具有0、1或2个原子的桥基,其分隔A1和A2。在示例性实施方案中,一个原子分隔A1和A2。这类基团的示例性非限制性实例是-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-、-C(O)-、亚甲基、环己基亚甲基、2-[2,2,1]-双环亚庚基、亚乙基、亚异丙基、亚新戊基、亚环己基、亚环十五烷基、亚环十二烷基、亚金刚烷基等。在另一个实施方案中,零个原子分隔A1和A2,示例性的实例是双酚(OH-苯-苯-OH)。桥基Y1可以是烃基或饱和烃基,如亚甲基、亚环己基或亚异丙基。
聚碳酸酯可以通过其中只有一个原子分隔A1和A2的二羟基化合物的反应来制备。本文所用的术语“二羟基化合物”例如包括具有以下通式(III)的双酚化合物:
其中,Ra和Rb各自独立地表示氢、卤素原子或一价烃基;p和q各自独立地是0-4的整数;Xa表示式(IV)的基团之一:
其中,Rc和Rd各自独立地表示氢原子或一价线性或环状烃基,Rc是二价烃基。
合适的二羟基化合物的一些示例性而非限制性实例包括二元酚和二羟基取代的芳族烃,如在美国专利No.4,217,438中以名称或分子式(通式或具体分子式)公开的那些。可以由式(III)表示的双酚化合物的种类的具体实例非排他性地包括以下物质:1,1-双(4-羟苯基)甲烷、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)乙烷、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(下文称为“双酚A”或“BPA”)、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)辛烷、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)正丁烷、双(4-羟苯基)苯基甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-1-甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟基正丁基苯基)丙烷、双(羟基芳基)烷烃如2,2-双(4-羟基-3-溴苯基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环戊烷、4,4’-双酚和双(羟基芳基)环烷烃如1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷等,以及包含以上双酚化合物至少之一的组合。
如果希望使用碳酸酯共聚物而不是均聚物的话,还可以使用得自两种或多种不同的二元酚聚合所得的碳酸酯或二元酚与二元醇或与羟基-或酸-封端的聚酯或与二元酸或与羟基酸或与脂肪族二酸的共聚物。一般来说,有用的脂肪族二酸含有约2-约40个碳。优选的脂肪族二酸是十二烷二酸。
聚丙烯酸酯和聚酯-碳酸酯树脂或它们的共混物也可以使用。支化的聚碳酸酯以及线性聚碳酸酯和支化的聚碳酸酯的共混物也是有用的。支化的聚碳酸酯可以通过在聚合过程中加入支化剂来制备。
这些支化剂是众所周知的,并且可以包括含有至少三个官能团的多官能有机化合物,所述官能团可以是羟基、羧基、羧酸酐、卤甲酰、以及包含上述支化剂至少之一的混合物。具体实例包括苯偏三酸、苯偏三酸酐、苯偏三酸三酰氯物、三-对羟基苯基乙烷、靛红-双酚、三酚TC(1,3,5-三((对羟基苯基)异丙基)苯)、三酚PA(4(4(1,1-双(对羟基苯基)-乙基)α,α-二甲基苄基)酚)、4-氯甲酰基邻苯二甲酸酐、苯均三酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸等,以及包含上述支化剂至少之一的组合。支化剂可以按约0.05-约2.0重量%的量加入,以基材的总重量为基准。支化剂和用于制备支化聚碳酸酯的过程的实例描述在美国专利3,635,895和4,001,184中。所有类型的聚碳酸酯端基在本文中都会考虑。
优选的聚碳酸酯基于双酚A,其中A1和A2的每一个是对亚苯基且Y1是亚异丙基。该聚碳酸酯的重均分子量优选为约5,000-约100,000原子量单位,更优选约10,000-约65,000原子量单位,最优选约15,000-约35,000原子量单位。
在监测和评价聚碳酸酯合成时,特别有意义的是确定在聚碳酸酯中存在的Fries产物的浓度。正如所注意的,显著的Fries产物的产生可能导致聚合物支化,产生不可控的熔体行为。本文所用的术语“Fries”和“Fries产物”是指碳酸酯中具有式(V)的重复单元:
其中Xa是二价基团,如结合前面的式(III)所描述的。
聚碳酸酯组合物还可以包含在这类树脂组合物中常常引入的各种添加剂。例如,这样的添加剂是填料或增强剂;热稳定剂;抗氧化剂;光稳定剂;增塑剂;抗静电剂;脱模剂;附加的树脂;起泡剂等,以及包含上述添加剂至少之一的组合。
为了有助于基材材料的加工(例如通过熔体法生产聚碳酸酯)或控制基材材料的性质(例如粘度),还可以使用催化剂。可能的催化剂包括四烷基氢氧化铵、四烷基氢氧化等,二乙基二甲基氢氧化铵和四丁基氢氧化是优选的。催化剂可以单独使用或者与猝灭剂组合使用,猝灭剂例如酸,如磷酸等。另外,在混配过程中可以向聚合物熔体中注入水并通过排气孔以水蒸气形式排出,以去除残余的挥发性化合物。
数据储存介质可以通过以下过程生产:首先使用传统的反应器形成基材材料,所述反应器能够充分混合各种前体,如单或双螺杆挤出机、混练机、混料机等。挤出机可以保持在足够高的温度下,以熔化基材材料前体而不会导致其分解。对于聚碳酸酯,例如,可以使用约220℃-约360℃的温度,约260-约320℃是优选的。类似地,应该控制在挤出机中的停留时间,以便使分解最少。可以使用最多约2分钟(min)或更多的停留时间,且最多约1.5min是优选的,最多约1min是特别优选的。在挤出成希望的形式(通常是小球、片、网(web)等)之前,可以任选地过滤该混合物,例如通过熔体过滤和/或使用丝网组合件等,以除去不希望的污染物或分解产物。
一旦已经生产了塑料组合物,就可以使用各种模塑和/或加工技术使其成形成基材。可能的技术包括注射成型、薄膜浇注、挤出、压制成型、吹塑成型、冲压等。一旦已经生产了基材,就可以使用附加的加工例如电镀、涂敷技术(旋涂、喷涂、气相沉积、丝网印刷、刷涂、浸涂等)、层合、溅射等以及包含上述加工技术至少之一的组合,在基材上布置希望的层。
有限运行聚碳酸酯数据储存介质的一个实例包括注射成型的聚碳酸酯基材。在基材上布置的各层包括:数据层、介电层、反应层、紫外层、反射层、和/或保护层,以及包含上述层至少之一的组合。对于光介质,这些层可以是保护层、反射层、介电层和数据储存层、后续的介电层与基材接触并且紫外层布置在基材的反面,反应层布置在基材与紫外层之间。应当理解,数据储存介质的形式不限于圆盘形状,而是可以为可装在读出装置中的任何尺寸和形状。
数据储存层可以包含能储存可恢复数据的任何材料,例如光学层、磁性层或磁-光层。数据层典型的厚度最大约600埃()左右,最大约300是优选的。可能的数据储存层包括但不限于氧化物(例如氧化硅)、稀土元素-过渡金属合金、镍、钴、铬、钽、铂、铽、钆、铁、硼等以及包含上述物质至少之一的合金和组合,有机染料(例如花青或酞菁型染料)和无机相变化合物(例如TeSeSn、InAgSb等)。
针对灰尘、油或其他污染物进行保护的保护层可以具有大于约100微米(μ)-小于约10的厚度,在一些实施方案中,约300或更小的厚度是优选的。并且约100或更小的厚度是特别优选的。保护层的厚度通常,至少是部分地,由所采用的读/写机构类型决定,例如磁、光或磁-光。可能的保护层包括防腐蚀材料如金、银、氮化物(例如氮化硅和氮化铝等等)、碳化物(例如碳化硅等)、氧化物(例如二氧化硅等)、聚合物材料(例如聚丙烯酸酯或聚碳酸酯)、碳薄膜(金刚石、金刚石型碳等)、等等,以及包含上述材料至少之一的组合。
布置在数据储存层一侧或两侧并且常常用作热控制器的介电层,通常可以具有最大或大于约1,000且低至约200或更小的厚度。可能的介电层包括氮化物(例如氮化硅、氮化铝等)、氧化物(例如氧化铝)、碳化物(例如碳化硅)、以及包含上述材料至少之一的组合等与环境相匹配的材料并且优选不与周围的层反应。
反射层应当具有足够的厚度以便反射足够量的能量(例如光),使得数据可检索。反射层通常可以具有最大约700左右的厚度,厚度约300-约600通常是优选的。可能的反射层包括能反射特定能量场的任何材料,包括金属(例如铝、银、金、钛和包含上述金属至少之一的合金或混合物,等等)。
包含载体和反应材料的反应层最初应当具有足够的透射性,使得数据能够被数据储存介质装置检索,随后形成阻止该装置检索数据的层(例如吸收足够量光,即在给定装置中的激光波长下的入射和/或反射光)。通常可以使用反射层的初始反射率约为50%或更大的层,初始反射率约为65%或更大是优选的,初始反射率约为75%或更大是更优选的。一旦介质已经对氧气,例如空气,暴露了希望的时间期限(例如,该介质希望的允许运行时间),则该层优选包含约45%或更小的反射率,约30%或更小是优选的,约20%或更小是更优选的,并且15%或更小是特别优选的。
可能的反应材料包括氧敏隐色或还原形式的亚甲基蓝、亮甲酚蓝、碱性蓝3和甲苯胺0,以及包含上述材料至少之一的反应产物和组合;其结构表示为以下的式VI-IX:
另一种可能的反应材料包括没有紫外涂层时在约48小时期间重新氧化的染料。该染料的合成和氧化表示如下:
合成方法和氧依赖性重新氧化形成亚甲基蓝染料的有色形式表示如下:
除了上述反应材料以外,可以合成许多其它染料和阻光材料,以便使数据储存介质有限运行。例如,一些其它可能的反应材料可以在美国专利4,404,257和美国专利5,815,484中发现。反应材料还可以包括包含任何上述反应材料至少之一的混合物。
反应层中反应材料的量取决于数据储存介质的希望寿命和紫外涂层的氧透过性。对于最多约3天的寿命,用2μ-约30μ厚的紫外涂层,反应层中反应材料的量可以小到约0.1重量%(wt%),约3wt%是优选的,约4wt%是更优选的,以反应层的总重量为基准;反应材料的上限量为约10wt%,约7wt%是优选的,约6wt%是更优选的,约5wt%是甚至更优选的。
反应材料优选与载体混合,以便沉积和/或浸渍到至少一部分基材表面上。可能的载体包括热塑性丙烯酸聚合物、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚硫醇烯(polythiolenes)、紫外可固化有机树脂、聚氨酯、热固性丙烯酸聚合物、醇酸树脂、乙烯基树脂等,以及包含上述载体至少之一的组合。聚酯例如包括脂肪族二羧酸如包括富马酸或马来酸与二元醇的反应产物,所述二元醇例如乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇等,以及包含上述至少一种的反应产物和混合物。
可以用作有机树脂的一些环氧树脂包括含有一个或多个环氧官能团的单体、二聚、低聚或聚合的环氧材料。例如,双酚-A和表氯醇的反应产物、或表氯醇与酚-甲醛树脂的反应产物等。其它有机树脂可以是聚烯烃和聚硫醇的混合物形式,如Kehr等人的美国专利3,697,395和3,697,402中所示。
典型的热塑性丙烯酸聚合物例如已经在Encyclopedia of PolymerScience and Technology,Vol.1,Interscience Publicaitons,JohnWiley & Sons,Inc.,1964中第246页及以下和其中的参考文献中阐述,等等,以及包含上述聚合物至少之一的组合。
本文所用的术语热塑性丙烯酸聚合物是指在其范围内包括得自一种或多种丙烯酸酯单体以及甲基丙烯酸酯单体的聚合的那些热塑性聚合物。这些单体用通式X表示:
CH2=CYCOOR5 (X)
其中,Y是氢或甲基,R5是烷基,优选为包含1-约20个碳原子的烷基。由R5表示的烷基的一些非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基等。
由式X表示的丙烯酸酯单体的一些非限制性实例包括:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯等。由式X表示的甲基丙烯酸酯单体的一些非限制性实例包括:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯等,以及包含上述至少之一的反应产物和组合;聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)是优选的。
上述丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体的共聚物也包括在术语热塑性丙烯酸聚合物内,正如本文中所出现的那样。单体丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯聚合以提供热塑性丙烯酸聚合物可以通过任何已知的聚合技术完成。重均分子量约30,000克/摩尔或更大的热塑性丙烯酸聚合物一般是优选的。
为了提高反应层与基材的结合性,在其间可以使用底层。用作底层的热塑性丙烯酸聚合物包括:得自单一种类丙烯酸酯单体的丙烯酸均聚物;得自单一种类甲基丙烯酸酯单体的甲基丙烯酸均聚物;得自两种或多种不同丙烯酸酯单体、两种或多种不同甲基丙烯酸酯单体、或丙烯酸酯单体和甲基丙烯酸酯单体的共聚物等,以及包含上述底层至少之一的组合。
也可以使用两种或多种上述热塑性丙烯酸聚合物的混合物,例如两种或多种不同丙烯酸均聚物、两种或多种不同丙烯酸共聚物、两种或多种不同甲基丙烯酸均聚物、两种或多种不同甲基丙烯酸共聚物、一种丙烯酸均聚物和一种甲基丙烯酸均聚物、一种丙烯酸共聚物和一种甲基丙烯酸共聚物、一种丙烯酸均聚物和一种甲基丙烯酸共聚物、一种丙烯酸共聚物和一种甲基丙烯酸均聚物,及其反应产物。
任选地,反应层可以使用各种涂敷技术如刷涂、浸涂、喷涂、旋涂、丝网印刷等施加到基材上。例如,反应层可以与相对挥发性的溶剂混合,优选与有机溶剂混合,所述溶剂对聚碳酸酯基本是惰性的,即不会侵蚀和不利地影响聚碳酸酯,但是它能溶解载体。载体在溶剂中的浓度通常约0.5重量%(wt%)或更大,约1wt%或更大是优选的,而聚合物的上限范围为约25wt%,约15%是优选的。一些合适的有机溶剂的实例包括乙二醇二乙酸酯、丁氧基乙醇、低级烷醇等。
反应层还可以任选含有各种添加剂,如消光剂、表面活性剂、触变剂等,以及包含上述添加剂至少一种的反应产物和组合。
反应层的厚度取决于所用的特定反应材料、其在反应层中的浓度、和该层在开始时和在希望的时间以后希望的吸光特性。反应层可以具有低至约0.1微米(μ)的厚度,约0.5μ是优选的,0.75μ是更优选的。在上限,该厚度可以最高为约50μ或更大,最高约25μ是优选的,最高约15μ是更优选的。例如,为了获得通过反应层的初始反射率为约50%或更大,在24小时后的反射率为约30%或更小,该层优选具有约1μ-约25μ的厚度,约1.5μ-约10μ是更优选的。
分散或浸渍到至少一部分反应层上或浸渍到至少一部分反应层中的保护层可以包含能够形成氧透过性层且基本不干扰来自数据恢复装置的光通过介质和到达数据检索装置的任何紫外可固化材料(例如在所述装置使用的光波长下基本是透明的,和/或使得来自介质的光的反射率约为50%或更大,约65%或更大的反射率是优选的,约75%或更大的反射率是更优选的)。可能的紫外可固化材料包括丙烯酸酯(例如热交联的丙烯酸酯等)硅硬膜等,以及包含上述材料至少之一的反应产物和组合。紫外材料的其它实例描述在美国专利4,179,548和4,491,508中。一些有用的多官能丙烯酸酯单体例如包括通称为XI的分子式的二丙烯酸酯:
H2C=CHCOO-CH2-CH2-OOCCH=CH2,
以下分子式的三丙烯酸酯:
以下分子式的四丙烯酸酯,
尽管紫外涂层可以只含一种所述多官能丙烯酸酯单体,或者含有包含多官能丙烯酸酯单体至少之一(或其紫外光反应产物)的混合物,但是优选的涂料组合物含有两种多官能单体(及其紫外光反应产物)的混合物,优选的是二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯(及其紫外光反应产物)的混合物,在特定的实例中使用最小量的单丙烯酸酯。任选地,紫外涂层可以包含非丙烯酸紫外可固化脂族不饱和有机单体,其量最高为未固化紫外涂层的约50wt%,例如其包括N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、苯乙烯等材料,以及上述材料至少之一的反应产物和组合。
当紫外层包含丙烯酸酯单体的混合物时,优选的是二丙烯酸酯与三丙烯酸酯的重量比为约10/90-约90/10。二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯的示例性混合物包括二丙烯酸己二醇酯与三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、二丙烯酸己二醇酯与三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙酯、二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯与三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、和二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯与三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙酯等。
紫外涂层还可以包含光敏量的光引发剂,即有效量的光引发剂,以便在非氧化气氛中进行紫外涂层的光固化,例如在氮气中。该量一般占紫外涂层总重量的约0.01wt%,且约0.1wt%是优选的,到约10wt%,到约5wt%是优选的。可能的光引发剂包括酮型和受阻胺型材料的共混物,其在暴露于紫外辐射时形成合适的硬涂层。优选的是酮化合物与受阻胺化合物的重量比为约80/20-约20/80。通常约50/50或约60/40的混合物是相当令人满意的。
优选用在非氧化气氛如氮气中的其它可能的酮型光引发剂包括:二苯甲酮和其它的苯乙酮、联苯酰、苯甲醛和邻氯苯甲醛、呫吨酮、噻吨酮、2-氯噻吨酮、9,10-菲醌、9,10-蒽醌、甲基二苯乙醇酮醚、乙基二苯乙醇酮醚、异丙基二苯乙醇酮醚、α,α-二乙氧基苯乙酮、α,α-二甲氧基苯乙酮、1-苯基-1,2-丙二醇-2-邻苯甲酰基肟、α,α-二甲氧基-α-苯基苯乙酮、氧化膦等。还包括包含上述光引发剂至少之一的反应产物和组合。
紫外层还可以任选包含消光剂、表面活性剂、流变剂、紫外光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂和/或稳定剂,如间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯、2-甲基间苯二酚二苯甲酸酯等,以及包含上述至少之一的组合和反应产物。稳定剂的量可以为约0.1wt%,优选约3wt%,到约15wt%,以未固化紫外层总重量为基准。
已经满足了可击败性测试,测试带有反应层(例如(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)/隐色亚甲基蓝底涂层)和紫外固化顶层的可运行性。在开始暴露于氧气时,该盘是可运行的。在较长时间暴露于氧气过程中,随着隐色亚甲基蓝被氧化,该盘逐渐变蓝并且最终变成不可运行的。这是意外的,因为几乎所有的紫外固化丙烯酸树脂是交联材料,已知许多交联材料是氧的阻挡材料,并且因为保护层可以是紫外固化的而不会导致反应层提前氧化。例如,近来已经评论了由电子束蒸发施加的透明阻挡涂层(参考文献:Proceedings,Annual Technical Conference-Society of Vacuum Coaters 1998,Soc.Of Vacuum Coaters,Albuquerque,NM,USA.424-428页)。如果氧不能通过紫外顶层扩散到反应层中的隐色亚甲基蓝,隐色亚甲基蓝不能发生氧化形成有限运行性所要求的亚甲基蓝,如上所述。
具有紫外固化顶层的第二个益处发现如下。隐色亚甲基蓝到亚甲基蓝的氧化速度通过测定涂敷的盘的反射率来确定。该反射率与入射光量有关,入射光用箭头10表示,其在通过若干层时被吸收,这些层包括PMNA/隐色亚甲基蓝层,如图2所示。反射率是透射光与入射光的比值,透射光用箭头12表示。
随着隐色亚甲基蓝氧化形成更多的亚甲基蓝,由数据储存介质中的铝表面反射的光量减小,因为所形成的亚甲基蓝吸收部分入射光和反射光。对于在数据储存介质上的PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝涂层,典型的动力学曲线结果表示在图3中。
对于有限运行的数据储存介质,理想的是对于一定的时间没有反射率损失,因此有限运行数据储存介质在每种类型的数据储存介质播放器上可以无缺点地运行(例如约70%或更大的反射率)。或者,在希望的时间期间保持约65%或更大的反射率,满足大多数用户的要求。如上图3所示,随着PMMA中的隐色亚甲基蓝暴露于空气时,反射率立即下降。
已经意外地发现,当紫外顶层涂层施加到PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝底层上时,相对于没有顶层的底层,在反射率开始下降之前的时间延长。因此,高反射率可以保持较长时间,使得可以保证在数据储存介质播放器中的可运行时间较长。具体地,已经发现,当反射率为45%或更小时,某些类型的数据储存介质播放器不能运行数据储存介质。在图4中,可以看出,当在PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝底层上没有紫外顶层时,在约1-约2小时内反射率达到45%,而当存在紫外顶层时,需要约4-约8小时。
实施例
实施例1
本实施例描述PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝涂料溶液的制备。
向瓶子中的300克1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中加入得自Ineos Acrylics的Elvacite 2010聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯60克并且在辊磨机中滚动进行溶解来制备PMMA在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的溶液。把该溶液转移到烧瓶中并加热到80℃,同时在溶液表面上缓慢通过氮气流。使用套管把脱气的溶液用氮气压力转移到脱气的瓶子中,该瓶子用橡胶隔膜封闭。
通过使1.2克亚甲基蓝三水合物和0.80克樟脑磺酸与40克1-甲氧基-2-丙醇在一个100毫升烧瓶中混合制备隐色亚甲基蓝溶液,所述烧瓶装有橡胶隔膜。把搅拌的混合物在90℃的水浴中加热,并且使用注射器针头使氮气流进入烧瓶,注射器针头用于氮气的进出。在仍然热的时候,用注射器加入4.2毫升(mL)的2-乙基己酸锡(II),使亚甲基蓝还原成深琥珀色隐色亚甲基蓝。向该溶液中加入0.6mL聚醚改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
为了制备PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝涂料溶液,把上述隐色亚甲基蓝溶液抽入注射器中,然后在通过0.2微米注射器过滤器后,注入PMMA溶液中。
实施例2
本实施例说明带有PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝层的盘的制备。把约3mL实施例1的PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝涂料溶液施加成为保持在旋涂机上的DVD的内径附近的一个环形。在500rpm旋涂60秒后,该涂层是无粘性的并且基本无色(例如约65%的反射率)。把该盘放在DVD机上并且是完全可运行的。
实施例3
使实施例2中的涂敷的盘在环境温度条件下静置,在该过程中,使用Dr.Schenk PROmeteus MT-136E光盘测试机在不同的时间测定时间平均反射率。随着反射率降低,盘的颜色从基本无色转变成蓝色。该盘在空气中1周后变得非常蓝,并且不能在DVD机中运行,例如该盘的反射率约为10%。
实施例4
本实施例说明在实施例2和3中所述的盘是能击败的。把来自实施例3的蓝盘放在3份重量家用漂白剂和7份重量水中。在该溶液中静置过夜后,该盘再次成为无色的(即大于约50%的反射率)且涂层似乎已经被去除。用与实施例2中的相同方式制备的另一个盘放在漂白溶液上方的密闭容器中。在静置过夜后,PMMA涂层中的蓝色消失。两种盘在DVD机中是完全可运行的。
实施例5
本实施例说明PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝层和紫外涂敷的DVD盘的制备。溶液与实施例1中一样制备,但是使用下列量的原料。注意:Elvacite2008是低分子量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
PMMA溶液 克
Dowanol 579.0
Elvacite总量 157.5
Elvacite 2008 118.1
Elvacite2000 39.4
染料溶液
亚甲基蓝三水合物 8.09
樟脑磺酸 3.02
Dowanol PM 161.21
辛酸亚锡 18.74
BYK-301 1.58
该溶液用来施加PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝底层到与实施例2中相同的DVD上,但是这些盘以500rpm旋转3秒,然后以1,000rpm旋转7秒。平均涂层厚度是2.6秒。
在带有PMMA/隐色亚甲基蓝底层的盘之一在氮气腔中整夜储存后,用实施例2描述的方式,把紫外树脂,即通常称为Daicure SD-640(购自DaiNippon,Inc.,和Dic Trading,USA,Fort Lee,NJ)的一种丙烯酸酯混合物施加到其上,以1,000rpm旋转3秒,并在紫外灯下通过。
只带有底层的盘的氧化动力学和在底层上带有紫外顶层的另一个盘的氧化动力学用实施例3的方式确定。结果表示在图4中。
实施例6
使来自实施例5的两个盘经过在实施例4中所述的漂白试验。只带底层的盘象实施例4中的盘一样在漂白试验中失败。但是,当浸在漂白剂中或暴露于漂白剂蒸气时,带有紫外顶层的盘不失去其蓝色。此外,它在DVD机中不能运行。这表明带有UV涂层的涂敷后DVD通过了漂白失败性测试。
通过调节紫外涂层的厚度/密度,紫外涂层与反应材料结合使用可以用来制造许多有限使用的光学介质装置,可以按要求调节盘的可运行周期。
虽然已经表明并描述了优选的实施方案,但是可以对其进行各种改进和替换而不脱离本发明的实质和范围。因此,应当理解,本发明仅利用举例说明来描述,并且如本文所公开的举例说明和实施方案不应当认为限制权利要求。
Claims (30)
1.一种有限运行光储存介质,其包括:
一种光透明基材;
一种反射层;
一种布置在所述基材和所述反射层之间的数据储存层;
一种布置在所述基材与所述数据储存层相反的一侧上的氧透过性紫外涂层;和
布置在所述紫外涂层和所述基材之间的反应层,
其中所述光储存介质的初始反射率约为50%或更大,后续反射率约为45%或更小,并且其中所述反应层还包含选自氧敏隐色亚甲基蓝、亚甲基蓝的还原形式、亮甲酚蓝、碱性蓝3、甲苯胺0的反应材料,以及包含上述反应材料至少之一的组合。
2.权利要求1的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述基材是塑料。
3.权利要求2的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述塑料包含玻璃转变温度约为100℃或更高的至少一种热塑性塑料。
4.权利要求3的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述热塑性塑料选自聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、ABS树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、液晶聚合物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、芳族聚酯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、四氟乙烯、以及包含至少一种上述热塑性塑料的混合物、共聚物、反应产物和复合材料。
5.权利要求3的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述热塑性塑料包括聚碳酸酯。
6.权利要求1的有限运行光储存介质,其中所述紫外涂层选自丙烯酸酯、硅硬膜、非丙烯酸紫外可固化脂肪族不饱和有机单体以及包含上述紫外涂层至少之一的反应产物和组合。
7.权利要求6的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述紫外涂层包含热交联丙烯酸酯。
8.权利要求6的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述紫外涂层包含二丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、苯乙烯以及包含上述紫外涂层至少之一的反应产物和组合。
9.权利要求1的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述反应层进一步包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/隐色亚甲基蓝。
10.权利要求1的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述反应层进一步包含约0.1wt%-约10wt%的反应材料,以所述反应层的总重量为基准。
11.权利要求10的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述反应层进一步包含约3wt%-约7wt%的反应材料,以所述反应层的总重量为基准。
12.权利要求11的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述反应层进一步包含约4wt%-约6wt%的反应材料,以所述反应层的总重量为基准。
13.权利要求1的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述反应层进一步包含选自热塑性丙烯酸聚合物、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚硫醇烯、紫外可固化有机树脂、聚氨酯、热固性丙烯酸聚合物、醇酸树脂、乙烯基树脂的载体以及包含至少一种上述载体的反应产物和组合。
14.权利要求13的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述载体选自脂族二羧酸的反应产物;包含至少一个环氧官能团的单体、二聚、低聚或聚合的环氧材料;聚烯烃、聚硫醇,以及包含上述载体至少之一的组合。
15.权利要求14的有限运行光储存介质,其中,所述载体选自乙二醇;丙二醇;新戊二醇;双酚-A和表氯醇的反应产物;表氯醇与酚醛树脂的反应产物;丙烯酸酯单体;以及包含上述载体至少之一的组合。
16.权利要求14的有限运行光储存介质,其中所述后续反射率约为30%或更小。
17.权利要求14的有限运行光储存介质,其中所述后续反射率约为20%或更小。
18.一种有限运行光储存介质,其包括:
一种光透明基材;
一个反射层;
一个布置在所述基材与所述反射层之间的数据储存层;
一个布置在所述基材与所述数据储存层相反的一侧上的氧可透过性紫外涂层,其中所述紫外涂层使所述光储存介质的反射率为约50%或更大;和
布置在所述紫外涂层和所述基材之间的反应层,
其中所述光储存介质的初始反射率为约50%,所述反应层包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/隐色亚甲基蓝。
19.一种限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其包括:
把光引导到至少一部分所述数据储存介质上,其中,至少一部分所述光通过氧透过性紫外涂层、反应层、基材和数据储存层;
反射至少一部分所述光返回通过所述基材、所述反应层和所述紫外涂层;和
使所述光储存介质的反射率降低到小于约45%,
其中所述反应层还包含选自氧敏隐色亚甲基蓝、亚甲基蓝的还原形式、亮甲酚蓝、碱性蓝3、甲苯胺0的反应材料,以及包含上述反应材料至少之一的组合。
20.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反射率为约30%或更小。
21.权利要求20的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反射率为约20%或更小。
22.权利要求21的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反射率为约15%或更小。
23.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其进一步包括使所述数据储存介质暴露于漂白剂,其中在使所述数据储存介质暴露于漂白剂后,所述反射率保持为约45%或更小。
24.权利要求23的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反射率为约30%或更小。
25.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中,所述基材包含选自聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、ABS树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、液晶聚合物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、芳族聚酯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、四氟乙烯的热塑性塑料以及包含至少一种上述热塑性塑料的混合物、共聚物、反应产物和复合材料。
26.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述基材包含聚碳酸酯。
27.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述紫外涂层选自丙烯酸酯、硅硬膜、非丙烯酸紫外可固化脂肪族不饱和有机单体、以及包含上述紫外涂层至少之一的反应产物和组合。
28.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反应层进一步包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/隐色亚甲基蓝。
29.权利要求19的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反应层进一步包含约0.1wt%-约10wt%的反应材料,以所述反应层的总重量为基准。
30.权利要求29的限制访问布置在数据储存介质上的数据的方法,其中所述反应层进一步包含约3wt%-约7wt%的反应材料,以所述反应层的总重量为基准。
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Also Published As
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WO2002075733A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
HK1065885A1 (en) | 2005-03-04 |
JP2004528667A (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
US7419762B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 |
JP3874727B2 (ja) | 2007-01-31 |
US6733950B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
TW586111B (en) | 2004-05-01 |
EP1371059B1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
KR20030081518A (ko) | 2003-10-17 |
US20050129953A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
KR100852054B1 (ko) | 2008-08-13 |
US20030002431A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
DE60230727D1 (de) | 2009-02-26 |
US6991889B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
CN1496563A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
EP1371059A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
US20040152014A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
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