CN1277598A - 产气组合物 - Google Patents
产气组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1277598A CN1277598A CN99801556A CN99801556A CN1277598A CN 1277598 A CN1277598 A CN 1277598A CN 99801556 A CN99801556 A CN 99801556A CN 99801556 A CN99801556 A CN 99801556A CN 1277598 A CN1277598 A CN 1277598A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- generating agent
- agent composition
- nitroguanidine
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical group OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- MJFQUUWPZOGYQT-UHFFFAOYSA-O diaminomethylideneazanium;nitrate Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O MJFQUUWPZOGYQT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000008 strontium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 tetrazolium sodium salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium perchlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl dihydrazine Chemical compound NNC(=O)NN XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium oxalate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004995 magnesium peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical class [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012430 stability testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KQAGKTURZUKUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium oxalate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O KQAGKTURZUKUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium peroxide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][O-] UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052917 strontium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/22—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate the salt being ammonium perchlorate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
一种产气组合物,其降低了单位量产生气体中燃烧残余物的量。该产气组合物包括由硝基胍、硝酸胍和其混合物组成的燃料和氧化剂。氧化剂是过氯酸盐、硝酸盐或其混合物。当氧化剂是过氯酸铵,还向该组合物中加入氯中和剂。
Description
发明所属领域
本发明涉及用于装配于汽车、飞机等中以保护乘客的气囊系统中的产气剂组合物,以及涉及用于该产气组合物的充气机体系。
现有技术
对用于气囊充气机中的产气组合物有各种要求。要求之一是应降低燃烧后的燃烧残余物。当产气剂燃烧产生的燃烧残余物排出充气机时,出现的第一个问题是:具有高热容的燃烧残余物与气囊接触使其穿孔,第二问题是大量的浮尘残余物可引起气喘的乘客发作,第三个问题是大量的浮尘残余物可阻止乘客的视野造成严重的事故。为了防止出现这些问题,要求应通过冷却剂/过滤剂冷却并过滤燃烧残余物以使其停留在充气机中。然而,为这此目的,必须在充气机中安装大量的冷却剂/过滤剂。另外,当产生大量的燃烧残余物时,可能损坏冷却剂/过滤剂,其作用在短时间内降低。因此,为了降低排放到充气机外的燃烧残余物的量,非常需要开发一种产气剂的方法,在该方法中产生的燃烧残余物的量实质上很小。
另外,目前也需要更进一步降低气囊充气机的尺寸和其重量。然而,其中燃烧残余物量大的现有产气剂需要另外的组分如大的过滤器来过滤燃烧残余物等。因此,难以进一步降低充气机的尺寸。基于这点,需要其中降低了燃烧残余物量的产气剂。
本发明公开
本发明的目的是提供具有优良燃烧性能的产气组合物作为产气剂,在这种产气剂中降低了产生的燃烧残余物的量。
本发明的另一个目的是提供使用上述产气组合物的充气机体系。
本发明提供了一种产气组合物,包括由硝基胍、硝酸胍或其混合物作为燃料和氧化剂。
本发明提供使用上述产气组合物的充气机体系。
本发明的产气剂远优于已前公开的产气剂,其原因是其燃烧残余物量低,从而可进一步降低用于气囊体系中的充气机的尺寸。
本发明的优选实施方案
用于本发明中的燃料由硝基胍、硝酸胍或其混合物组成。硝基胍和硝酸胍的混合比不特别限制。
产气组合物中燃料的量随氧化剂、氯中和剂和粘合剂的种类和氧平衡而变化。优选为35-80%、更优选45-70%。
用在本发明中的氧化剂的例子可包括过氯酸盐、硝酸盐和其混合物。
过氯酸盐和硝酸盐的例子可包括含有选自铵、碱金属和碱土金属的阳离子的过氯酸盐和硝酸盐。这些过氯酸盐和硝酸盐的例子可包括过氯酸铵、过氯酸钠、过氯酸钾、过氯酸镁、过氯酸钡、硝酸铵、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸镁、硝酸锶等。其中,特别优选过氯酸钠、过氯酸镁、硝酸钠和其混合物,这是因为燃烧后产生的残余物的量特别低。
关于氧化剂,可以任何方式组合上述化合物。然而,优选在产气剂中氧化剂的量为65-20%重量,更优选50-25%重量。
当加入过氯酸铵作为氧化剂时,加入氯中和剂来中和氯型气体如氯化氢、氯气等以便于稳定。
关于氯中和剂,可提到包括含有碱金属和碱土金属的阳离子的化合物。关于含有这种阳离子的化合物,可提到选自下列的至少一种:碳酸盐如碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙和碳酸锶等;硝酸盐如硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸镁、硝酸钙和硝酸锶等;硅酸盐如硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硅酸镁、硅酸钙和硅酸锶等;草酸盐如草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸镁、草酸钙和草酸锶等;氧化物如氧化镁、氧化钙和氧化锶等;过氧化物如过氧化镁、过氧化钙和过氧化锶等;纤维素盐如羧甲基纤维素钠等;四唑和三唑的盐如5-氨基四唑的钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐、锶盐等;双四唑盐如双四唑钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐、锶盐等。
优选在产气剂中中和剂的量为5-40%重量,更优选10-30%重量。
另外,如需要,本发明的产气组合物可含有粘合剂、燃烧催化剂等。
粘合剂的例子可包括无机粘合剂如:氧化硅、氧化铝、二硫化钼、日本酸性粘土、滑石、膨润土、硅藻土、高岭土等;和有机粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素金属盐、淀粉、微结晶的纤维素、瓜尔胶、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、硬脂酸金属盐、低聚物等。
燃烧催化剂的例子可包括CuO、Cu2O、Co2O3、CoO、CO3O4、Fe2O3、FeO、Fe3O4、MnO2、Mn2O3、Mn3O4、NiO、ZnO、MoO3、CoMoO4、Bi2MoO6和Bi2O3等。
添加剂在该产气组合物中的总量优选为0.1-20%重量。
在本发明的产气组合物中,燃烧后的气体组合物可通过改变氧平衡来改变。例如,通过把氧平衡改变到正的一侧可降低CO(增加NOx)。相反,通过把氧平衡改变到负的一侧可降低NOx(增加CO)。因此,考虑人体的安全性,建议调节氧平衡。
本发明的产气合物可通过干法和湿法加以制备,其干法为混合粉末状的燃料、氧化剂、氯中和剂、添加剂等;该湿法为在有水或有机溶剂存在下混合这些物质。
另外,本发明的产气组合物可模制成所需要的形状。例如可用成粒机压制成粒料、或用圆盘压机压成圆盘,粒料或圆盘可用造粒机成粒,或可用挤出机挤出成挤出颗粒(无孔、单孔或多孔状)。
如需要,可根椐产气组合物模制件具有的性能等来选择这些模塑方法。例如,在压制法中,当然不需要粘合剂或在模制中使用少量粘合剂,使得其适宜于作为模制本发明产气组合物的方法。另外,当使用挤出法时,比压制容易形成簿网模制件。因此,可得到具低燃烧速度的簿网模制件。另外,因为挤出法在相对短的时间内进行,其适宜于大规模生产。以及,对于具有高燃烧速率的组合物,可增加模制件的尺寸,从而更有效提高效率。除此之外,当使用挤塑法时,可制备无孔、单孔或多孔状的复杂形状的制件,从而得到各种燃烧性能。
在本发明的产气组合物中,每mol产生的气体中燃烧残余物的量优选为12g/mol或更低,特别优选10g/mol或更低。该燃烧残余物的量为根椐产气组合物配方计算的、在充气机的输出温度下产生的作为固体组分和液相组分的总量。
本发明的产气组合物可用于要求发射药或火箭推进剂的气件产生能力的任何装置。其特别适宜装配于汽车、飞机等上的充气机系统中以保护乘客。
本发明的充气机体系使用上述的产气组合物,并可用于烟火充气的系统(在该充气系统中所有气体由产气剂提供),或可用于混合充气机系统(其中气体由压缩空气如氩或产气剂提供)。
本发明的产气方法为在产气机中上述产气组合物作为燃料燃烧,并可用于使用由这种燃烧产生气体的各种领域。在本发明的产气方法中,该产气组合物用作燃料,可降低燃烧残余物的量并提高气件产量。
实施例
下面参照实施例和其比较例更具体介绍本发明。然而,这些实施例仅是举例性的并不想限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-14和比较例1-3
制备表1所示配方的产气剂。当每种产气组合物产生1mol气体时测定产生的燃烧残余物量。如实施例所示给出含有硝基胍、硝酸胍或其混合物的产气剂的燃烧残余物的量,如比较例1-3所示给出JP-A 9-501137、JP-A4-265292和JP-A 6-239683中公开的产气剂的由计算所得的燃烧残余物量。
本发明的产气组合物的燃烧残余物量远低于现有技术公开的许多产气剂。
实施例15-28
制备表2所示配方的产气剂。测定这些产气组合物产生的气体的量。
发现在本发明的产气组合物中,产生的气体量对于气囊是足够的。
实施例29-41
制备表3所示配方的产气剂。测定这些产气组合物的燃烧速率、粒料密度。测定在70kgf/cm2压力下的燃烧速率。
发现在本发明的产气组合物中,燃烧速率对于气囊是足够的。
实施例42-52
制备表4所示配方的产气剂。对这些组合物进行热稳定性测试。在热稳定性的测试中,把置于铝容器中的组合物在105℃的恒温浴中400小时,从试验前后组合物的重量变化得到重量损失比,并评估热稳定性。
本发明的组合物的重量损失小,并在外观上没发现有变化。
实施例52-63
制备表5所示配方的产气剂。对这些产气组合物进行摩擦敏感性测试和落锤测试。根椐日本爆破工业协会标准ES-22用BAM型摩擦敏感性测试仪进行摩擦敏感性测试。根椐日本爆破工业协会标准ES-21(1)用5kg铁锤进行落锤测试。
发现本发明的产气组合物的擦敏感性和落锤敏感性低且安全性高。
表1
配方 重量% | 燃烧的残余物的量,相对于产生气体的量(g/mol) | |
实施例1 | 硝基胍/NaNO3 (60.5/39.5) | 8.2 |
实施例2 | 硝基胍/NaClO4 (63/37) | 5.4 |
实施例3 | 硝基胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (65.1/34.9) | 2.0 |
实施例4 | 硝酸胍/NaNO3 (64.2/35.8) | 7.1 |
实施例5 | 硝酸胍/NaClO4 (66.6/33.4) | 4.8 |
实施例6 | 硝酸胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (68.6/31.4) | 1.6 |
实施例7 | 硝基胍/硝酸胍/NaClO4 (31.5/33.3/35.2) | 5.1 |
实施例8 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (56.2/25.4/18.4) | 3.6 |
实施例9 | 硝酸胍/NH4ClO4NaNO3 (60.1/23.1/16.8) | 3.2 |
实施例10 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2CO3 (56/25/19) | 5.7 |
实施例11 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2SiO3 (55/25/20) | 7.6 |
实施例12 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2C2O4 (54/25/21) | 5.2 |
实施例13 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/CaO2 (50/25/25) | 7.2 |
实施例14 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3/CMC-Na(47.1/26.6/19.3/7) | 3.8 |
比较例1 | 5-氨基四唑/CuO (23.4/76.6) | 44.5 |
比较例2 | 5-氨基四唑/Sr(NO3)2/SiO2 (33.1/58.9/8) | 16.5 |
比较例3 | 卡巴肼/KClO4/CaO (39/61/10) | 14.2 |
表2
配方 重量% | 产气量(mol/100g) | |
实施例15 | 硝基胍/NaNO3 (60.5/39.5) | 2.9 |
实施例16 | 硝基胍/NaClO4 (63/37) | 3.3 |
实施例17 | 硝基胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (65.1/34.9) | 3.3 |
实施例18 | 硝酸胍/NaNO3 (64.2/35.8) | 3.2 |
实施例19 | 硝酸胍/NaClO4 (66.6/33.4) | 3.3 |
实施例20 | 硝酸胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (68.6/31.4) | 3.5 |
实施例21 | 硝基胍/硝酸胍/NaClO4 (31.5/33.3/35.2) | 3.3 |
实施例22 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (56.2/25.4/18.4) | 3.5 |
实施例23 | 硝酸胍/NH4ClO4NaNO3 (60.1/23.1/16.8) | 3.6 |
实施例24 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2CO3 (56/25/19) | 3.5 |
实施例25 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2SiO3 (55/25/20) | 3.2 |
实施例26 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2C2O4(54/25/21) | 3.4 |
实施例27 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/CaO2 (50/25/25) | 3.0 |
实施例28 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3/CMC-Na(47.1/26.6/19.3/7) | 3.5 |
表3
配方 重量% | 燃烧速率(mm/秒) | 密度(g/cm3) | |
实施例29 | 硝基胍/NaNO3 (60.5/39.5) | 11.8 | 1.74 |
实施例30 | 硝基胍/KNO3 (56.3/43.7) | 32.9 | 1.72 |
实施例31 | 硝基胍/Sr(NO3)2 (55.1/44.9) | 7.7 | 1.90 |
实施例32 | 硝基胍/NaClO4 (63/37) | 19.7 | 1.82 |
实施例33 | 硝基胍/KClO4 (60.1/39.9) | 27.5 | 1.79 |
实施例34 | 硝基胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (65.1/34.9) | 7.4 | 1.65 |
实施例35 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (56.2/25.4/18.4) | 16.2 | 1.72 |
实施例36 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (57/20.6/22.4) | 17.2 | 1.72 |
实施例37 | 硝酸胍/KNO3 (60.1/39.9) | 4.2 | 1.62 |
实施例38 | 硝酸胍/NaClO4 (66.6/33.4) | 6.4 | 1.65 |
实施例39 | 硝酸胍/KClO4 (63.8/36.2) | 14.0 | 1.69 |
实施例40 | 硝酸胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (68.6/31.4) | 3.6 | 1.54 |
实施例41 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (60.1/23.1/16.8) | 9.4 | 1.63 |
表4
配方 重量% | 重量损失(%) | |
实施例42 | 硝基胍/NaNO3 (60.5/39.5) | -0.11 |
实施例43 | 硝基胍/NaClO4 (63/37) | -0.15 |
实施例44 | 硝基胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (65.1/34.9) | -0.37 |
实施例45 | 硝基胍/KClO4 (60.1/39.9) | -0.11 |
实施例46 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (56.2/25.4/18.4) | -0.11 |
实施例47 | 硝酸胍/NaClO4 (66.6/33.4) | -0.06 |
实施例48 | 硝酸胍/KClO4 (63.8/36.2) | -0.07 |
实施例49 | 硝酸胍/KNO3 (60.1/39.9) | -0.07 |
实施例50 | 硝酸胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (60.1/23.1/16.8) | -0.06 |
实施例51 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2CO3 (56/25/19) | -0.09 |
实施例52 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3/CMC-Na(47.1/26.6/19.3/7) | -0.09 |
表5
配方 重量% | 摩擦敏感性(kgf) | 落锤敏感性(cm) | |
实施例53 | 硝基胍/NaNO3 (60.5/39.5) | >36 | 90-100 |
实施例54 | 硝基胍/NaCO4 (63/37) | >36 | 40-50 |
实施例55 | 硝基胍/Mg(ClO4)2 (65.1/34.9) | >36 | >100 |
实施例56 | 硝基胍/KClO4 (60.1/39.9) | >36 | 30-40 |
实施例57 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 56.2/25.4/18.4) | >36 | 80-90 |
实施例58 | 硝酸胍/NaClO4 (66.6/33.4) | >36 | >100 |
实施例59 | 硝酸胍/KClO4 (63.8/36.2) | >36 | 70-80 |
实施例60 | 硝酸胍/KNO3 (60.1/39.9) | >36 | 90-100 |
实施例61 | 硝酸胍/NH4ClO4/NaNO3 (60.1/23.1/16.8) | >36 | 80-90 |
实施例62 | 硝基胍/NH4ClO4/Na2CO3(56/25/19) | >36 | 40-50 |
实施例63 | 硝基胍/NH4CIO4/NaNO3/CMC-Na(47.1/26.6/19.3/7) | >36 | 80-90 |
Claims (9)
1、一种产气组合物,包括由硝基胍、硝酸胍或其混合物组成的燃料和氧化剂。
2、权利要求1的产气组合物,其中氧化剂是过氯酸盐、硝酸盐或其混合物,过氯酸盐和硝酸盐是含有选自铵、碱金属和碱土金属的阳离子的盐。
3、权利要求1的产气组合物,其中氧化剂是过氯酸铵,其另外还含氯中和剂。
4、权利要求3的产气组合物,其中氯中和剂包括含有选自碱金属和碱土金属的阳离子的化合物。
5、权利要求1的产气组合物,其中燃烧的含量为35-80%重量,氧化剂的含量为65-20%。
6、权利要求1的产气组合物,其还含有粘合剂或燃烧催化剂作为添加剂。
7、权利要求1的产气组合物,其中燃烧残余物的量相对于产生的气体的量为12g/mol或更小。
8、一种使用权利要求1的产气组合物的充气机体系。
9、使用由燃烧燃料产生的气体的产气方法,其中用权利要求1的产气组合物作为燃料来降低燃烧残余物的量并提高产气量。
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JPH06239683A (ja) | 1993-02-15 | 1994-08-30 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | エアバッグ用ガス発生剤 |
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JPH07196392A (ja) * | 1993-12-29 | 1995-08-01 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 自動車エアバッグ用ガス発生剤組成物及び成型方法 |
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JPH08231291A (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-09-10 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | ガス発生剤組成物 |
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-
1998
- 1998-09-14 JP JP10259566A patent/JP2000086376A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-08 WO PCT/JP1999/004876 patent/WO2000015584A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-08 CN CNB998015563A patent/CN1326813C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-08 DE DE19981911T patent/DE19981911T1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-08 KR KR1020007004933A patent/KR100676468B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-08 US US09/530,184 patent/US6779464B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-04-28 US US10/833,034 patent/US20040216821A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-04-24 US US12/429,311 patent/US20090211671A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
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CN101913971A (zh) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 陕西省蒲城县新型花炮技术推广中心 | 一种烟花爆竹发射药 |
CN101913971B (zh) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-05-02 | 陕西省蒲城县新型花炮技术推广中心 | 一种烟花爆竹发射药 |
CN103180271A (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-06-26 | 海瑞克里兹 | 产气烟火复合物 |
CN105777458A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种用于汽车安全气囊气体发生器的自动点火药及其制备方法 |
CN111433172A (zh) * | 2018-01-17 | 2020-07-17 | Arc汽车有限公司 | 非硝酸铵基推进剂 |
CN111675589A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-18 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法及其应用 |
CN111675589B (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法及其应用 |
WO2021227577A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-18 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6779464B1 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
JP2000086376A (ja) | 2000-03-28 |
US20040216821A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
KR100676468B1 (ko) | 2007-01-31 |
WO2000015584A1 (fr) | 2000-03-23 |
US20090211671A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
KR20010031860A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
DE19981911T1 (de) | 2001-01-18 |
CN1326813C (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
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