CN1318358C - 汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺 - Google Patents

汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN1318358C
CN1318358C CNB2005100422038A CN200510042203A CN1318358C CN 1318358 C CN1318358 C CN 1318358C CN B2005100422038 A CNB2005100422038 A CN B2005100422038A CN 200510042203 A CN200510042203 A CN 200510042203A CN 1318358 C CN1318358 C CN 1318358C
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guanidinium nitrate
fine
nitrate
guanidine nitrate
guanidinium
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CN1673204A (zh
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戴良玉
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Sanming, flying gas new materials Limited by Share Ltd
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Abstract

汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:1)将硝酸胍原料进行初步机械粉碎,得到粒度小于200目的硝酸胍初粉料;2)将硝酸胍初粉料投入高压流化床气流磨粉碎,得到硝酸胍一级细粉料;3)按0.4-0.9%的重量比向前一步骤得到的硝酸胍细粉料中添加防结剂,并混合均匀;4)将前一步骤混合了防结剂的硝酸胍细粉料投入盘式气流磨进行分散,得到超细硝酸胍成品。本发明创造性地选择了防结剂的添加时机、防结剂的种类,以及适当的粉碎设备、加工顺序和工艺参数,使生产出的超细硝酸胍能够达到用于汽车安全气囊充气剂时所需的粒度要求。

Description

汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车安全气囊,具体地说是指汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺。
背景技术
随着交通安全意识的不断提高,汽车安全气囊在我国正逐渐被广泛使用。其工作原理是当车辆发生碰撞时,控制模块快速对信号做出处理,确认发生碰撞的严重程度已超出安全带的保护能力,便迅速释放气囊,使乘员的头、胸部直接与较为柔软有弹性的气囊接触,从而通过气囊的缓冲作用减轻乘员的伤害。
安全气囊充气剂往往需要在车祸发生50到60毫秒的时间内点燃并迅速产生大量无毒气体,并且能够保证一次填充后10到15年有效,能够防水、防寒、耐高温,而目前的汽车安全气囊填充剂仍不够理想。
硝酸胍遇高温会分解爆炸,近年来,超细硝酸胍被用作替代叠氮化钠的新一代汽车安全气囊充气剂的主要组份。超细硝酸胍被用作汽车安全气囊充气剂的主要组份时,其粒度要求为:D50=4.5-6.5μm,D98≤14μm,且粒度呈正态分布,但是由于硝酸胍易吸潮,特别是在超细加工过程中,因材料自身的水份和空气中的水份,当硝酸胍的粒度达到几个μm甚至几十个μm以下时,材料的表面积大幅增加,极易因吸潮而发生颗粒粘连,产生结块、结团现象,因此加工难度极大,在长期的运输、储存、使用过程中,同样会因自身的水分及接触空气发生结块、结团现象。
现有的加工方法是先在硝酸胍原料中加入防结剂,然后再进行粉碎,但是,由于防结剂颗粒的体积和比重与硝酸胍原料颗粒小得多,在进行粉碎过程中,防结剂颗粒被高压气流吹走,因而防结剂起不到防结块、结团的作用,因而其成品难以达到所需的粒度要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其主要目的在于克服现有超细硝酸胍加工工艺难以达到汽车安全气囊所要求细度的缺点。
本发明采用如下技术方案:汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将硝酸胍原料进行初步机械粉碎,得到粒度小于200目的硝酸胍初粉料;2)将硝酸胍初粉料投入高压流化床气流磨粉碎,得到硝酸胍一级细粉料;3)按0.4-0.9%的重量比向前一步骤得到的硝酸胍细粉料中添加防结剂,并混合均匀;4)将前一步骤混合了防结剂的硝酸胍细粉料投入盘式气流磨进行分散,得到超细硝酸胍成品。
前述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,先将硝酸胍一级细粉料再次投入高压流化床气流磨中进行二次粉碎,得到硝酸胍二级细粉料,再对硝酸胍二级细粉料进行下一步骤的加工。
前述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,流经流化床气流磨的气流的气压控制在0.8-1.0Mpa,温度控制在2℃以下,频率控制在32-38Hz,流经盘式气流磨的气流的气压控制在0.4-0.5Mpa,温度控制在2℃以下。
前述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,所述硝酸胍原料的化学指标要求为:纯度≥98%,游离硝酸铵≤0.3%,水份≤0.1%,PH值为5.5-6.2,水不溶物≤0.1%。
前述防结剂为超细白炭黑,其体积和表面积比为380m2/cm3,平均粒度为0.8。
前述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,硝酸胍二级细粉料和防结剂的混合时间不少于五分钟。
缩上所述,本发明克服了长期以来,在超细硝酸胍的加工工艺中,人们认为防结剂必须在粉碎前加入硝酸胍原料中的偏见,创造性地选择了防结剂的添加时机、防结剂的种类,以及适当的粉碎设备、加工顺序和工艺参数,使生产出的超细硝酸胍能够达到用于汽车安全气囊充气剂时所需的粒度要求。
具体实施例
本发明的具体实施例,为用作汽车安全气囊充气剂的超细硝酸胍的生产工艺。该生产工艺具体包括以下步骤:
一,初级机械粉碎。选择硝酸胍原料,其化学指标要求为:纯度≥98%,游离硝酸铵≤0.3%,水份≤0.1%,PH值为5.5-6.2,水不溶物≤0.1%,将硝酸胍原料进行初步机械粉碎,得到粒度小于200目的硝酸胍初粉料。本实施例中采用摆锤式粉碎机作为机械粉碎的设备。
二,一级细粉料加工。将前一步骤得到的硝酸胍初粉料投入高压流化床气流磨粉碎,得到硝酸胍一级细粉料。高压流化床气流磨的基本原理是将高压气体通过喷咀加速成超音速的气流,射入对撞粉碎区,使物料流态化,在高速气流的作用下被加速,在各喷咀交汇处发生相互冲击碰撞而达到粉碎的目的。本步骤中,高压流化床气流磨的气流气压控制在0.8-1.0Mpa,温度控制2℃以下,频率控制在32-38Hz。
三,二级细粉料加工。将前一步骤获得的硝酸胍一级细粉料投入高压流化床气流磨中进行二次粉碎,得到硝酸胍二级细粉料,高压流化床气流磨的气流的气压、温度和频率与前一步骤相同。
四,添加并混合防结剂。按0.4-0.9%的重量比向硝酸胍二级细粉料中添加防结剂,并混合均匀,所选用的防结剂为超细白炭黑,其体积和表面积比为380m2/cm3,平均粒度为0.8,混合时间不少于五分钟。由于防结剂和物料的比重以及两者的体积比相差悬殊,必须慎重选择合适的混合设备,以保证混合均匀。本实施例中采用的混合设备的混合筒的形状为一正方体,其转轴位于该正方体的对角度线上。
五,分散。将前一步骤混合了防结剂的硝酸胍二级细粉料投入盘式气流磨进行分散,使轻微结团的物料分散开,并且使防结剂和物料进一步混合均匀,使硝酸胍二级细粉料得到防结剂的完整的包覆,通过盘式气流磨的气流的气压控制在0.4-0.5Mpa,温度控制在2℃以下。由于硝酸胍二级细粉料颗粒与防结剂颗粒的体积相差不大,因此硝酸胍二级细粉料容易得到防结剂的完整的包覆,能充分发挥防结剂的作用。
上述仅为本发明的一个具体实施例,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (6)

1、汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将硝酸胍原料进行初步机械粉碎,得到粒度小于200目的硝酸胍初粉料;
2)将硝酸胍初粉料投入高压流化床气流磨粉碎,得到硝酸胍一级细粉料;
3)按0.4-0.9%的重量比向前一步骤得到的硝酸胍细粉料中添加防结剂,并混合均匀;
4)将前一步骤混合了防结剂的硝酸胍细粉料投入盘式气流磨进行分散,得到超细硝酸胍成品。
2、如权利要求1所述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,先将硝酸胍一级细粉料再次投入高压流化床气流磨中进行二次粉碎,得到硝酸胍二级细粉料,再对硝酸胍二级细粉料进行下一步骤的加工。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,流经流化床气流磨的气流的气压控制在0.8-1.0Mpa,温度控制在2℃以下,频率控制在32-38Hz,流经盘式气流磨的气流的气压控制在0.4-0.5Mpa,温度控制在2℃以下。
4、如权利要求1所述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,所述硝酸胍原料的化学指标要求为:纯度≥98%,游离硝酸铵≤0.3%,水份≤0.1%,PH值为5.5-6.2,水不溶物≤0.1%。
5、如权利要求1所述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,所述防结剂为超细白炭黑,其体积和表面积比为380m2/cm3,平均粒度为0.8。
6、如权利要求2所述的汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺,其中,硝酸胍二级细粉料和防结剂的混合时间不少于五分钟。
CNB2005100422038A 2005-03-17 2005-03-17 汽车安全气囊专用超细硝酸胍的加工工艺 Active CN1318358C (zh)

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CN105294370B (zh) * 2015-05-22 2018-09-11 湖北汉伟新材料有限公司 一种气体发生器用超细硝酸胍及其制备工艺
CN108409514A (zh) * 2018-03-07 2018-08-17 昆山昆化有限公司 一种汽车安全气囊用超细硝酸胍的制备工艺

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN1022474C (zh) * 1991-02-04 1993-10-20 交通部水运科学研究所 集装箱单吊点简易吊具防倾斜装置
WO2000014032A1 (fr) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Composition emettant du gaz
WO2000015584A1 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-03-23 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Composition generatrice de gaz
WO2001072666A1 (fr) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Procede de production d'un agent generant du gaz
CN1504459A (zh) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-16 琪 周 胍和胍盐的制备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1022474C (zh) * 1991-02-04 1993-10-20 交通部水运科学研究所 集装箱单吊点简易吊具防倾斜装置
WO2000014032A1 (fr) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Composition emettant du gaz
WO2000015584A1 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-03-23 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Composition generatrice de gaz
WO2001072666A1 (fr) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Procede de production d'un agent generant du gaz
CN1504459A (zh) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-16 琪 周 胍和胍盐的制备

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