US3629021A - Slurry explosive composition containing nitrogen-base salt and tnt, smokeless powder or composition b - Google Patents
Slurry explosive composition containing nitrogen-base salt and tnt, smokeless powder or composition b Download PDFInfo
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- US3629021A US3629021A US792814*A US3629021DA US3629021A US 3629021 A US3629021 A US 3629021A US 3629021D A US3629021D A US 3629021DA US 3629021 A US3629021 A US 3629021A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- product
- nitrate
- sensitizer
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FONBHTQCMAUYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;nitric acid Chemical compound NCCN.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O FONBHTQCMAUYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KZTZJUQNSSLNAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethyl nitrate Chemical compound NCCO[N+]([O-])=O KZTZJUQNSSLNAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PTIUDKQYXMFYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylammonium nitrate Chemical compound NC.O[N+]([O-])=O PTIUDKQYXMFYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KTAFYYQZWVSKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;nitric acid Chemical compound CNC.O[N+]([O-])=O KTAFYYQZWVSKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 22
- -1 aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethylammonium nitrate Chemical compound CC[NH3+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- GWKNUWRKJUDXAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;nitric acid Chemical compound CN(C)C.O[N+]([O-])=O GWKNUWRKJUDXAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- GHIVDTCFLFLOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O GHIVDTCFLFLOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFMYUEXTOBKQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroaniline;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WFMYUEXTOBKQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- RFWRDALUNWYCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COS(=O)(=O)CC.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[NH-].[Na+] Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)CC.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[NH-].[Na+] RFWRDALUNWYCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017788 Cydonia oblonga Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000282372 Panthera onca Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010007131 Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032617 Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000001058 Sterculia urens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O aminoazanium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH3+]N.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUQAPPPKAMUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NC1=CC=CC=C1 GUQAPPPKAMUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJMUTWRTZIMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-diamine nitric acid Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].C1(=C(C=CC=C1)N)N KJMUTWRTZIMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSYRGCIIEXIYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanamine;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NC1CCCCC1 HSYRGCIIEXIYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PBAKXNVJDXWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;perchloric acid Chemical compound [NH3+]CC[NH3+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O PBAKXNVJDXWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXXHWKZFQGPFJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine;nitric acid Chemical compound NN.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O HXXHWKZFQGPFJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-2h-indazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OC)NN=C21 QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- DXYSWDKLPZXRTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylethanamine;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.CCNCC DXYSWDKLPZXRTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZQFNTYKHHDUFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN.O[N+]([O-])=O FZQFNTYKHHDUFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IIQJBVZYLIIMND-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;antimony(3+);2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [K+].[Sb+3].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O IIQJBVZYLIIMND-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
Definitions
- This invention relates to blasting agents and, more particularly, to water-bearing explosive compositions having excellent low-temperature properties and a high velocity of detonation.
- Blasting agents of the type known as water-bearing or slurry explosives have gained considerable commercial acceptance in recent years. These water gels generally comprise an inorganic oxidizing salt, predominantly ammonium nitrate, a thickening agent for the liquid, a fuel and sensitizer.
- inorganic oxidizing salt predominantly ammonium nitrate
- a thickening agent for the liquid a fuel and sensitizer.
- high explosives In order to have blasting agents sensitive enough to propagate detonation throughout the mass in confined columns, it usually has been necessary to incorporate therein substantial quantities of high explosive.
- the use of major amounts of high explosives in water-bearing explosives is disadvantageous because, amount other things, it adds considerably to the cost of the blasting agent.
- water-bearing slurry explosives are difficult to load in a borehole at low temperatures often encountered in mining areas.
- the slurry explosive compositions of this invention have improved velocity of detonation with lower levels of TNT, smokeless powder or Composition B and nitrogen-base salt, said nitrogen-base salt increasing the sensitivity of the TNT, smokeless powder or Composition B.
- the blasting agents of this invention may be readily pumped to a borehole even at low temperatures and, due to the fluidity of the composition, they do not plug the borehole when loaded therein and they are reliably sensitive to conventional detonators or primers.
- the velocity of detonation of the water-bearing explosive can be expressed for comparative purposes as relative velocity.
- relative velocity is meant the velocity of the present explosive composition over the velocity of the composition without a nitrogen-base salt, both velocities being determined at 40 F., unconfined, and at or about the critical diameter of the less sensitive composition utilizing the same type booster composition.
- the improvements in relative velocity, sensitivity and fluidity, brought about by the combination of TNT, smokeless powder or Composition B and nitrogen-base salt in the water-bearing blasting agent are particularly noticeable in blasting adverse conditions of low temperatures.
- Oxidizing and “fuel” components are used herein their conventional sense to refer to materials in the explosives which have positive and negative oxygen balances, respectively.
- Oxygen balances refers to the percent excess or deficiency of oxygen required for complete combustion and is calculated as the molecular weight of oxygen required or given off in complete combustion divided by the molecular weight of the material in question.
- Spensitizer as employed herein refers to a material which when removed from an explosive in small, e.g., a few percent, incremental amounts substantially reduces the sensitivity of the explosive at its critical diameter at a given temperature of test.
- salts of saturated aliphatic amines having up to three carbon atoms are preferred.
- the oxidizing acid moiety can be that of any of the strong inorganic oxidizing acids, preferably mineral acids, such as salts of nitric, nitrous, chloric and perchloric acids. Those acids having an oxygen balance of at least about +l0 percent are preferred. Nitrates are particularly preferred because of their ready availability and excellent sensitizing effect.
- the nitrogen-base salts particularly preferred are monomethylamine nitrate, trimethylamine nitrate, ethanolamine nitrate and ethylenediamine dinitrate because of their case of formulation of explosives therewith and the outstanding explosive properties including velocity, fluidity, sensitivity and strength of the resulting products.
- Mixtures of the aforementioned salts can be used as well as mixtures of one or more of such salts with other similar salts having an oxygen balance more negative than percent, for example, cyclohexylamine nitrate and diethylamine dinitrate. Normally, in such salt mixtures, the overall oxygen balance of the salt should be more positive than l50 percent.
- the nitrogen-base salts can be incorporated in the explosive composition in substantially pure form or as a crude reaction mixture of the base substantially neutralized with the oxidizing acid, either formed separately in aqueous medium then blended with the remainder of the constituents of the explosive or formed in situ in the presence of one or more of such constituents. ln any event, at least 5 percent, and not more than about 50 percent, based on the total composition of nitrogen-base salt is incorporated in the blasting agent, preferably 5 to 20 percent.
- compositions containing an oxidizing salt component of at least 65 percent by weight ammonium nitrate are preferred.
- examples of other inorganic salts that can be used in the thickened slurry explosive composition of this invention are sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate and magnesium perchlorate.
- the preferred auxiliary salt is sodium nitrate, used in lesser proportions with ammonium nitrate, preferably in amounts up to 25 percent of the oxidizing salt component.
- the slurry explosives of the present invention contain any fuel conventionally used with water-bearing blasting agents.
- carbonaceous or sulfurous, fuels are used in the blasting agent such as sulfur, coal and other forms of finely divided carbon, solid carbonaceous vegetable products such as sugar, corn starch, wood and paper pulp, various meals such as ivory nut meal, solid and liquid organic hydrocarbons such as fuel oils and powdered paraffin waxes, as well as mixtures of two or more of these fuels.
- the explosive composition contains up to about 20 percent, and usually about 2 to 10 percent, by weight of the total composition of a suitable fuel.
- the water-bearing compositions of this invention usually contain 0.1 to 5 percent, and preferably from 0.] to 2 percent, thickener.
- Representative thickening agents that are used in the composition are those conventionally used in water-bearing explosives such as gum arabic, ghatti, karaya; seaweed colloid such as agar-agar, lrish moss, and the alginates; seed ex- 5 or more of the above thickening agents.
- Galactomannans such as guar gum and locust bean gum are preferred thickeners for the present slurry explosive compositions.
- the thickening agents, such as the galactomannans can be a self-complexing or noncomplexing guar gum.
- a self-complexing guar gum e.g., EX-FC-SO and EX-FC-DP supplied by Stein- Hall Company, or a noncomplexing guar gum such as Stein- HalI-l-s Jaguar 100 in which no cross-linking agent is incorporated are especially and equally suitable.
- a noncomplexing thickening agent such as a galactomannan small portions. e.g., about 2 to 8 percent by weight of the total thickening agent, of cross-linking agent such as borax or other cross-linking agents known in the art can be used.
- the cross-linking, or complexing, of the thickening agent markeclly strengthens the gel.
- the carbonaceous thickening agents serve the dual function of thickener and fuel for the explosive composition and can comprise all or part ofthe soluble fuel used and are included in the calculation of the requisite fuel values.
- gas-entrapping materials and crystal habit modifiers are gas-entrapping materials and crystal habit modifiers.
- Any gasentrapping material can be used in the explosive composition such as microballoons or bagasse.
- microballoons made of urea-formaldehyde or phenolformaldehyde are quite satisfactory for this purpose and especially glass microballoons.
- the amount of gas-entrapping material incorporated in the composition is usually about from 0.1 to 5 percent, and generally at least about 0.25 percent.
- Crystal habit modifiers that are surfactants of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,097 can also be incorporated in the compositions of the present invention.
- Surfactants especially anionic surfactants, particularly higher alcohol sulfonic esters containing about eight to 18 carbon atoms are quite suitable, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate (Duponol") and sodium stearyl sulfate; aliphatic alcohol phosphates, e.g. sodium alkyl phosphates; aliphatic amide sulfonates, e.g. sodium stearyl amide methylethyl sulfonate; alkyl-aryl sulfonates, e.g., sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
- the amount of crystal habit modifier, or surfactant, added to the explosive compositions usually is in the range of about 0.1 to 3 percent.
- ethylenediamine dinitrate as EDAN
- trimethylamine nitrate as TAN
- ethanolamine nitrate as EAN
- dimethylamine nitrate as DAN
- ammonium sulfate as AN
- sodium nitrate as SN
- trinitrotoluene as TNT
- smokeless powder as SP and Composition B
- Le. 50 percent TNT and 50 percent RDX as Comp. B.
- Water-bearing explosives of the composition shown in table 1 are prepared in a mixer from the materials listed by the following sequence of steps:
- aqueous solution of amine nitrate of 70-86 percent concentration, ammonium nitrate and water are combined, the mixture heated to 150 to 170 F., and the heated mixture transferred to a suitable mixing vessel.
- Sodium lauryl sulfate, glass microballoons, coal, sulfur, TNT, smokeless powder or Composition B are then added to the mixer and the composition mixed to blend the ingredients.
- a premixed combination of sodium nitrate and guar gum is added to the mixer and the composition mixed for about 4 to 8 minutes until thickening is observed.
- Cross-linking agents are added (borax or potassium antimony tartrate); the composition is mixed until the cross-linking agents are uniformly incorporated, and the material packaged in polyethylene tubing.
- compositions also contain, per hundred pound weight, 0.7-0.9 lb. of guar gum.
- examples 7 and 8-210 contained 0.3 percent microballoons; examples 3 to 6, 8, 12 and 17-19 contained 0.3 percent sodium lauryl sulfate, and examples 7, 13-16 and 20 contained 1 percent sodium lauryl sulfate.
- the samples of the explosive composition packaged in polyethylene tubing were initiated with a high-density cast primer which in turn was initiated with Primacord.
- the relative velocities of the composition were ascertained by determining the velocity of the composition with and without amine nitrate, unconfined, at 40 F. at or about the critical diameter of the less sensitive composition. In all instances, the relative velocity ratio of the composition was greater than 1.1.
- the densities of the compositions were between about 1.3-1.4 g./cc.
- water-bearing explosives comprising inorganic oxidizing salt component, fuel component and a continuous thickened or gelled aqueous phase, the improvement which comprises including in said explosive a sensitizer component consisting essentially of:
- sensitizer component 1 is trinitrotoluene.
- sensitizer component 2 is ethylenediamine dinitrate.
- sensitizer component 2 is monomethylamine nitrate.
- the product of claim 6 wherein the inorganic oxidizing salt is ammonium nitrate or sodium nitrate or mixtures thereof.
- sensitizer component 2 is ethanolamine nitrate.
- sensitizer component 2 is monomethylamine nitrate.
- sensitizer component 2 is dimethylamine nitrate.
- sensitizer component 2 is ethylenediamine dinitrate.
- sensitizer component 2 is ethanolamine nitrate.
- sensitizer component 1 is a mixture of about 50 percent trinitrotoluene and about 50 percent cyclotrimethylene trinitramine.
- sensitizer component 1 is smokeless powder.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 2. at least 5 percent based on the total composition of at least one nitrogen-base salt of an inorganic oxidizing acid and a base selected from the group consisting of (a) acyclic nitrogen bases having no more than two hydrogen atoms bonded to the basic nitrogen and up to three carbon atoms per basic nitrogen, and (b) phenyl amines, said nitrogen-base salt having an oxygen balance more positive than about -150 percent. the weight percent of sensitizer 1 exceeding that of sensitizer 2, said compositions having a relative velocity ratio at 40* F. of greater than about 1.1.
- 2. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 1 is trinitrotoluene.
- 3. The product of claim 2 wherein sensitizer component 2 is ethylenediamine dinitrate.
- 4. The product of claim 3 containing 8 to 25 percent trinitrotolunene, 5 to 20 percent ethylenediamine dinitrate and at least 10 percent water.
- 5. The product of claim 2 wherein sensitizer component 2 is monomethylamine nitrate.
- 6. The product of claim 5 containing 8 to 25 percent trinitrotoluene, 5 to 20 percent monomethylamine nitrate and at least 10 percent water.
- 7. The product of claim 6 wherein the inorganic oxidizing salt is ammonium nitrate or sodium nitrate or mixtures thereof.
- 8. The product of claim 7 containing air-entrapping material.
- 9. The product of claim 7 containing a crystal habit modifier, said modifier being a surfactant.
- 10. The product of claim 2 wherein sensitizer component 2 is ethanolamine nitrate.
- 11. The product of claim 10 containing 8 to 25 percent trinitrotoluene, 5 to 20 percent ethanolamine nitrate aNd at least 10 percent water.
- 12. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 2 is monomethylamine nitrate.
- 13. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 2 is dimethylamine nitrate.
- 14. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 2 is ethylenediamine dinitrate.
- 15. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 2 is ethanolamine nitrate.
- 16. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 1 is a mixture of about 50 percent trinitrotoluene and about 50 percent cyclotrimethylene trinitramine.
- 17. The product of claim 1 wherein sensitizer component 1 is smokeless powder.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US79281469A | 1969-01-21 | 1969-01-21 |
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US3629021A true US3629021A (en) | 1971-12-21 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US792814*A Expired - Lifetime US3629021A (en) | 1969-01-21 | 1969-01-21 | Slurry explosive composition containing nitrogen-base salt and tnt, smokeless powder or composition b |
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US4045260A (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1977-08-30 | Ae & Ci Limited | Explosive nitramine slurry composition |
US6116641A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2000-09-12 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Dual level gas generator |
US6647851B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-11-18 | Demil International, Inc. | Method for suppressing ejection of fragments and shrapnel during destruction of shrapnel munitions |
US20040216821A1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2004-11-04 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Gas generating composition |
US20070151437A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-07-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Blasting method |
US7700047B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2010-04-20 | Ch2M Hill Constructors, Inc. | System and method for treatment of hazardous materials, e.g., unexploded chemical warfare ordinance |
RU2654022C2 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-05-15 | Сайдаш Асылович Кабиров | Granulated water-resistant explosive composition for rock blasting |
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US3431155A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1969-03-04 | Du Pont | Water-bearing explosive containing nitrogen-base salt and method of preparing same |
US3401067A (en) * | 1967-06-23 | 1968-09-10 | Hercules Inc | Aqueous slurry type explosive compositions sensitized with at least one alkanolamine nitrate |
US3409484A (en) * | 1967-09-15 | 1968-11-05 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt slurried explosive containing an alkylamine nitrate and an air-entrapping material |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4045260A (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1977-08-30 | Ae & Ci Limited | Explosive nitramine slurry composition |
US6116641A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2000-09-12 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Dual level gas generator |
US20040216821A1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2004-11-04 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Gas generating composition |
US20090211671A1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2009-08-27 | Yo Yamato | Gas generating composition |
US6647851B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-11-18 | Demil International, Inc. | Method for suppressing ejection of fragments and shrapnel during destruction of shrapnel munitions |
US7700047B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2010-04-20 | Ch2M Hill Constructors, Inc. | System and method for treatment of hazardous materials, e.g., unexploded chemical warfare ordinance |
US20070151437A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-07-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Blasting method |
US7398720B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2008-07-15 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Blasting method |
RU2654022C2 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-05-15 | Сайдаш Асылович Кабиров | Granulated water-resistant explosive composition for rock blasting |
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