CN1251116A - 光致变色聚氨酯涂料和具有该涂料层的制品 - Google Patents
光致变色聚氨酯涂料和具有该涂料层的制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1251116A CN1251116A CN98803608A CN98803608A CN1251116A CN 1251116 A CN1251116 A CN 1251116A CN 98803608 A CN98803608 A CN 98803608A CN 98803608 A CN98803608 A CN 98803608A CN 1251116 A CN1251116 A CN 1251116A
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Abstract
公开了满足光学涂层的、商业上可接受的“化妆品”标准的先致变色聚氨酯涂料。还描述了具有该涂料的制品。该涂层显示出费歇尔微观硬度为50-150牛顿/毫米2和改进的光致变色性能,即较暗颜色的形成和先致变色活化的更快速度以及当用紫外光辐射时会褪色。
Description
对有关申请的援引
本申请要求了在前申请序列号No.60/037,428(1997年2月21日提交)和在前申请序列号No.60/060,334(1997年9月29日)的优先权。
本发明的叙述
本发明涉及光致变色聚氨酯涂料和具有该涂料层的制品。更具体地说,本发明涉及某些光致变色聚氨酯涂料,当涂敷在基材上和暴露于活化性光辐射时,它显示出改进的光致变色性能。此外,本发明涉及用于涂敷在光学元件如透镜上的、满足工业上可接受的“化妆品”标准的光致变色聚氨酯涂料。
当暴露于含有紫外射线的光辐射如阳光或汞灯光的紫外辐射时,光致变色化合物将会显示出可逆的颜色变化。人们已经合适了各种类型的光致变色化合物,并建议用于需要阳光诱导的可逆颜色变化或变暗的应用领域。最广泛描述了的类型的光致变色化合物是噁嗪,吡喃和俘精酸酐(fulgides)。
对于由不同类型的光致变色化合物显示出的颜色可逆变化、即在可见光范围内(400-700nm)吸收光谱的变化,已经描述了其一般的机理并进行了分类。参见John.Crano,“光致变色材料(光致变色剂)”,Kirk-Othmer化学工艺大全(Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology),1993年,321-332。最普通类型的光致变色化合物例如二氢吲哚螺吡喃和二氢吲哚螺噁嗪的一般机理涉及电环化机理。当暴露于活化性辐射中时,这些化合物将从无色闭环化合物转变成带色开环化合物。相反,带色形式的俘精酸酐光致变色化合物的显色形式是由涉及到无色开环形式转变成带色闭环形式的电环化机理产生的。
在上述电环化机理中,光致变色化合物需要能够允许其发生可逆转变的环境。在固体聚合物基质中,活化(即颜色的形成或变暗)和褪色(即回复到原始或无色状态)的光致变色过程进行的速率据信取决于聚合物基质中的自由体积。聚合物基质的自由体积取决于光致变色化合物外围的聚合物环境的链段的柔性,即包括该基质的链段的局部运动性或局部粘度。参见Claus D.Eisenbach,“本体聚合物中光致变色机理的新发现”,照相科学和工程,1979年,183-190页。对于光致变色体系的大多数工业应用,由Clause D.Eisenbach报道的那些主要障碍中的一个是固体聚合物基质中光致活化和褪色的速率缓慢。
人们已经描述了光致变色化合物在聚氨酯中的使用。德意志民主共和国专利No.116 520描述了制备光致变色聚合物体系的方法,它包括将光致变色的邻-硝基苄基化合物加入到用于形成聚氨酯的反应体系中。欧洲专利申请0 146 136描述了有光致变色涂层的光学元件,如其中引入了一种或多种光致变色物质的聚氨酯漆料。US专利4 889 413描述了生产具有光致变色性能的聚氨酯塑料的方法。日本专利申请3-269507描述了由塑料基材、在该基材上设置的由含有光致变色物质的热固性聚氨酯组成的底涂层和覆盖该聚氨酯层的硅氧烷树脂硬涂层构成的调光塑料透镜。日本专利申请5-28753描述了含有用于形成涂料基质的脲烷产物和有机光致变色化合物的具有光致变色性能的涂料。
虽然在文献中描述了光致变色化合物在聚氨酯中的使用,但是,具有为发挥良好光致变色性能(即在可接受的速率下带色和褪色并达到足够黑暗的带色状态)所需要的涂层厚度的、满足由工业和消费者所要求的光学涂料“化妆品”标准的光致变色聚氨酯涂敷制品目前还未获得,这解释了为什么目前没有用于光学应用(例如透镜)的商品光致变色聚氨酯涂料的原因。
现在已经发现具有可接受的费歇尔微观硬度(Fisher micro hardness)和光致变色性能的光致变色聚氨酯涂料。该新型涂料显示出50-150牛顿/毫米2的Fisher微观硬度和改进的光致变色性能,即当用紫外光辐射时显示较暗的活化颜色的形成和较快的光致变色活化和褪色速率。
本发明的详细叙述
近年来,光致变色制品、尤其光学应用的光致变色塑料是普遍关注的主题。特别是,研究了光致变色的眼用塑料透镜,因为它与玻璃透镜相比具有重量轻的优点。而且,在交通工具如汽车和飞机上使用的光致变色透明材料引起了人们的兴趣,因为这种透明塑料可以提供潜在的安全性。最有用的光致变色制品是其光致变色化合物显示出高活化强度、高显色速率和可接受的褪色速率的那些制品。
光致变色聚氨酯制品的使用使得能够制备光致变色塑料制品而无需在塑料中引入光致变色化合物。当塑料例如热塑性聚碳酸酯没有有足够的内部自由体积供该光致变色化合物适当地发挥功能时,这也许是一个优点。用本发明的涂料组合物涂敷该塑料,使得能够制备出利用这些塑料的光致变色制品。光致变色涂料所提供的另一优点是在制备光致变色制品时更高效率地利用光致变色化合物,即避免与那些将该物质引入塑料中的转移方法有关的光致变色化合物的损失,例如浸润或渗透。
除了在操作实施例中以外或另有说明外,在本叙述部分和所附权利要求中使用的所有数值如表达波长,成分的含量,范围或反应条件的那些值应理解为在所有情况下被术语“约”修饰。
用于制备本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料的聚氨酯是由有机多元醇组分和异氰酸酯组分的催化或未催化反应所生产的那些,当它们被混合以制备聚氨酯组合物时和当作为涂料涂敷并固化时,它显示出在50-150牛顿/毫米2范围内的费歇尔微观硬度和显示出改进的光致变色性能。这里谈及的改进光致变色性能是在30秒之后ΔOD至少为0.15和在30分钟之后至少为0.44,和变白速率低于200秒-全部在实施例10的D部分中定义的、在72F°(22℃)下进行的光致变色性能试验中测量的。优选地,费歇尔微观硬度是在70和140牛顿/毫米2之间,在30秒之后ΔOD是至少0.17和在30分钟之后是至少0.45,和变白速率低于180秒。最优选地,费歇尔微观硬度是在100-130牛顿/毫米2范围内,在30秒之后ΔOD是至少0.18和在30分钟之后是至少0.46,和变白速率低于150秒。
本发明的聚氨酯涂料的前述光致变色性能是进行测试的温度和为测定这些性能所选择的时间两者的函数。例如,在本发明范围内的光致变色聚氨酯涂料可以在实施例10的C部分中定义的、在85F°(29℃)下进行的光致变色性能试验中来进行说明,在16秒之后ΔOD是至少0.12和在5分钟之后是至少0.30,和变白速率低于60秒;优选地,在16秒之后ΔOD是至少0.13和在5分钟之后是至少0.32,和变白速率低于50秒;和最优选地,在16秒之后ΔOD是至少0.15和在5分钟之后是至少0.34,和变白速率低于40秒。在实施例10的D部分中定义的、在95F°(35℃)下进行的光致变色性能试验中,本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料的光致变色性能是在30秒之后ΔOD为至少0.25和在15分钟之后为至少0.35,和变白速率低于45秒;优选地,在30秒之后ΔOD为至少0.27和在15分钟之后为至少0.38,和变白速率低于40秒;和最优选地,在30秒之后ΔOD为至少0.28和在15分钟之后为至少0.4,和变白速率低于30秒。
微观硬度在上述范围内的聚氨酯涂料能够通过将构成聚氨酯的硬-和软链段加以平衡来生产。聚氨酯由借助于脲烷键连接的硬和软链段组成的概念在现有技术中是已知的。参见“聚氨酯中结构-性能关系”,聚氨酯手册,由Gunter Oertel编,第二版,Hanser Publishers,1994年,37-53页。典型地,硬链段、即脲烷聚合物的结晶或半结晶畴,是从异氰酸酯和扩链剂例如短链多元醇、如下面所要定义的低分子量多元醇的反应得到的。一般来说,软链段、即脲烷聚合物的无定形、橡胶状畴,是从异氰酸酯和聚合物骨架组分如聚氨酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇的反应得到的。
除了上述多元醇外,其它多元醇,例如含酰胺的多元醇,聚丙烯酸系多元醇,环氧化多元醇,多羟基聚乙烯醇和脲烷多元醇在用作制备聚氨酯用的组分时都对硬-和/或软链段有贡献。当与其它用于形成聚氨酯的组分混合和反应时,特定有机多元醇对硬或软链段的贡献能够容易地通过测量聚氨酯涂料的费歇尔微观硬度来测定。
这里所定义的形成硬链段用的有机多元醇是赋予所制备聚氨酯涂料以一定水平的微观硬度的一种组分,该微观硬度将随着形成硬链段用的有机多元醇的浓度的提高而提高,形成软链段用的组分的浓度则有相反趋势。这里所定义的形成软链段用的有机多元醇是赋予所制备聚氨酯涂料以一定水平的微观硬度的一种组分,该微观硬度将随着形成软链段用的有机多元醇的浓度的提高而下降,形成硬链段用的组分的浓度则有相反趋势。
形成硬链段用的有机多元醇组分包括但不限于,低分子量多元醇,含酰胺的多元醇,聚丙烯酸系多元醇,环氧化多元醇和脲烷多元醇。形成硬链段用的有机多元醇中的一些也对软链段有贡献,这是本技术领域中熟练人员所已知的。形成软链段用的有机多元醇组分包括但不限于聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇,例如聚氧化亚烷基和聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇。
聚氨酯的物理性能源自它们的分子结构并可由构造嵌段的的选择,例如反应物的选择,硬-和软链段的比例,和由链之间的原子相互作用引起的超分子结构来确定。制备聚氨酯的原料和方法描述在Ullmann氏工业化学大全,第5版,1992年,A21卷,665-716中,其中叙述内容被引入供参考。
在本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料中,据信软链段为光致变色化合物可逆地从无色转变成彩色提供稳定化环境,而硬链段提供涂料的结构完整性。这些构造嵌段的适当平衡获得了合适的光致变色聚氨酯涂料的益处,即涂料具有在50-150牛顿/毫米2范围内的费歇尔微观硬度,并还显示出良好的光致变色响应特性。
当形成聚氨酯用的组分、如有机多元醇和异氰酸酯被混合来生产聚氨酯涂料时,各种成分的相对量典型地表达为反应活性异氰酸酯基团的有效数目与反应活性羟基的有效数目之比,即NCO∶OH当量比。例如,当相当于一个NCO当量重量的、以被提供形式存在的异氰酸酯组分相当于一个OH当量重量的、以被提供形式存在的有机多元醇组分反应时,获得了1.0∶1.0的NCO∶OH比。本发明的配方包括在0.3∶1.0至3.0∶1.0范围内的NCO∶OH的当量比。优选地,本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料的NCO∶OH的当量比是在0.9∶1.0至2.0∶1.0之间,更优选在1.0∶1.0至1.5∶1.0之间,和最优选在1.1∶1.0至1.3∶1.0之间,例如1.2∶1.0。
这里使用的本发明异氰酸酯组分包括具有“游离”、“封闭”或部分封闭的异氰酸酯基团的“改性”、“未改性”异氰酸酯化合物以及“改性”和“未改性”异氰酸酯化合物的混合物。异氰酸酯选自脂族,芳族,环脂族和杂环族异氰酸酯,以及此类异氰酸酯的混合物。术语“改性”是指上述异氰酸酯按已知方式变化而引入缩二脲、脲、碳化二亚胺、脲烷或异氰脲酸酯基团。在一些情况下,“改性”异氰酸酯是通过环加成方法得到的异氰酸酯(即多异氰酸酯)的二聚体和三聚体。改性异氰酸酯的其它方法描述在Ullmann氏工业化学大全,第5版,1989年,A14卷,611-625页,和在US专利4 442 145的2栏,63行至3栏31行,它们的公开内容被引入本文供参考。
游离异氰酸酯基团是极高反应活性的。为了控制含异氰酸酯基的组分的反应活性,NCO可用某些选择的、使异氰酸酯基在室温下对反应活性氢化合物表现惰性的有机化合物加以封闭。当被加热至升高的温度、例如在90和200℃之间时,封闭的异氰酸酯会释放出封闭剂并且与原始未封闭的或游离的异氰酸酯具有一样反应活性。用于制备本发明涂料的异氰酸酯能够全部封闭,如US专利3 984 299的1栏57行至3栏15行中所述,或部分封闭和与聚合物骨架反应,如US专利3 947 338的2栏65行至4栏30行中所述,其公开内容被引入本文供参考。
这里所使用的、按所说NCO∶OH比例的NCO表示含游离异氰酸酯基的化合物的游离异氰酸酯,以及含封闭或部分封闭的异氰酸酯基的化合物在释放出封闭剂之后的游离异氰酸酯。在一些情况下,不可能除去所有的封闭剂。在这些情况下,更多的含封闭异氰酸酯基的化合物将用于获得所需水平的游离NCO。
本发明的聚氨酯涂料的异氰酸酯组分也可包括在US专利5 576 412中公开的多异(硫代)氰酸酯。其有关该多异(硫代)氰酸酯化合物的公开内容被引入供参考。
优选地,异氰酸酯组分选自含异氰酸酯基的化合物,其中包括脂族异氰酸酯,环脂族异氰酸酯,封闭的脂族异氰酸酯,封闭的环脂族异氰酸酯和此类异氰酸酯的混合物。更优选的是,异氰酸酯组分选自封闭的脂族异氰酸酯,封闭的环脂族异氰酸酯和其混合物。最优选地,异氰酸酯组分是包括异氰脲酸酯基的被封闭的脂族异氰酸酯,例如包括异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的封闭异氰脲酸酯的一种封闭的异氰酸酯组分。
一般来说,用于封闭异氰酸酯的化合物是具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,例如,挥发性醇,ε-己内酰胺或酮肟化合物。更具体地说,封闭化合物选自苯酚,甲苯酚,壬基酚,ε-己内酰胺和甲基乙基酮肟。优选地,封闭化合物是甲基乙基酮肟。
合适的异氰酸酯组分包括以下这些含有游离的、封闭的或部分封闭的异氰酸酯基的组分之类的改性-或未改性化合物:甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯,二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯,二苯基甲烷-2,4’-二异氰酸酯,对-苯二异氰酸酯,联苯二异氰酸酯,3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二亚苯基二异氰酸酯,四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-三甲基己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯,赖氨酸甲酯二异氰酸酯,双(异氰酸根合乙基)富马酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,亚乙基二异氰酸酯,十二烷-1,12-二异氰酸酯,环丁烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯,甲基环己基二异氰酸酯,六氢甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,六氢甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯,六氢亚苯基-1,3-二异氰酸酯,六氢亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,全氢二苯基甲烷-2,4’-二异氰酸酯,全氢二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯及其混合物。优选地,前述异氰酸酯组分选自六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,亚乙基二异氰酸酯,十二烷-1,12-二异氰酸酯和环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯和其混合物;更优选六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,亚乙基二异氰酸酯和其混合物。
本发明的适宜催化剂选自在Ullmann氏工业化学大全中描述的路易斯碱,路易斯酸和内插型催化剂,第5版,1992年,A21卷,673-674,其描述被引入本文供参考。优选地,催化剂选自辛酸锡,二乙酸二丁基锡,二月桂酸二丁基锡,二丁基锡硫醇化物,二马来酸二丁基锡,二乙酸二甲基锡,二月桂酸二甲基锡,二甲基锡硫醇化物,二马来酸二甲基锡,乙酸三苯基锡,三苯基锡氢氧化物,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,三乙基胺和其混合物。更优选地,催化剂选自1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,二乙酸二丁基锡,二月桂酸二丁基锡和其混合物。
用于制备本发明的涂料组合物的有机多元醇即二醇、三醇等组分是可与异氰酸酯组分反应得到聚氨酯的多元醇。本发明的聚氨酯涂料是通过将构造聚氨酯的硬-和软链段加以平衡来生产的。通过生产其中形成硬链段用的多元醇与形成软链段用的多元醇的当量比发生变化的涂料,本技术领域中熟练人员将能够容易地确定所制备涂料的费歇尔微观硬度,并确认硬链段和软链段的结合将得到费歇尔微观硬度在50-150牛顿/毫米2范围内的涂料层。按类似的方式,人们可以确定,哪种硬链段和软链段多元醇的结合将会得到体现所需光致变色性能的涂料。因此认为有机多元醇组分可以是单种多元醇,其本身由形成硬链段和软链段用的多元醇结构部分构成。
优选地,有机多元醇组分包括:选自聚丙烯酸系多元醇、低分子量多元醇和其混合物的形成硬链段用的多元醇,它们拥有用于与异氰酸酯基团反应的羟基的10-90%;和形成软链段用的多元醇,即除形成硬链段用的多元醇以外的多元醇,它们拥有用于与异氰酸酯基团反应的羟基的90-10%。或者说,形成硬链段用的多元醇与形成软链段用的多元醇的重量比是10∶90至90∶10。更优选地,形成硬链段用的多元醇占40-75wt%,且形成软链段用的多元醇选自聚酯多元醇,聚醚多元醇和其混合物,并且占25-60wt%。最优选地,形成硬链段用的多元醇的重量是45-70wt%;形成软链段用的多元醇的重量是30-55wt%;形成硬链段用的聚丙烯酸系多元醇是羟基官能化烯属不饱和(甲基)丙烯酸单体和其它烯属不饱和单体的共聚物;和形成软链段用的多元醇是除聚丙烯酸系多元醇以外的多元醇组分,例如聚醚。当仅一种有机多元醇用于提供硬-和软链段时,同样的比例适用于该多元醇的形成硬-和软链段用的结构部分。
某些形成硬链段用的多元醇和形成软链段用的多元醇在上述重量比范围内的结合可用于生产光致变色聚氨酯涂料,它显示出可接受的费歇尔微观硬度和不可接受的光致变色性能,反之亦然。
在本发明中使用的有机多元醇的例子包括(a)低分子量多元醇,即重均分子量低于400的多元醇,例如脂族二醇,如C2-C10脂族二醇,三醇和多羟基醇;(b)聚酯多元醇;(c)聚醚多元醇,(d)含酰胺的多元醇;(e)聚丙烯酸系多元醇;(f)环氧化多元醇;(g)多羟基聚乙烯醇;(h)脲烷多元醇和(I)此类多元醇的混合物。优选地,有机多元醇选自低分子量多元醇,聚丙烯酸系多元醇,聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇和其混合物。更优选地,有机多元醇选自聚丙烯酸系多元醇,聚酯多元醇,聚醚多元醇,和其混合物,最优选聚丙烯酸系多元醇,聚醚多元醇和其混合物。
用于制备在本发明涂料组合物中使用的聚氨酯的低分子量多元醇的例子包括:四羟甲基甲烷,即季戊四醇;三羟甲基乙烷;三羟甲基丙烷;二(三羟甲基丙烷)二甲醇丙酸;乙二醇;丙二醇;1,2-丁二醇;1,4-丁二醇;1,3-丁二醇;2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇;1,5-戊二醇;2,4-戊二醇;1,6-己烷二醇;2,5-己二醇;2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇;2,4-庚二醇;2-乙基-1,3-己烷二醇;2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙烷二醇;1,4-环己烷二醇;2,2-二甲基-3-羟丙基-2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸酯;二乙二醇;三乙二醇;四乙二醇;二丙二醇;三丙二醇;1,4-环己烷二甲醇;1,2-双(羟基甲基)环己烷;1,2-双(羟乙基)环己烷;双羟丙基乙内酰脲;三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯;1摩尔2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(即双酚A)和2摩尔环氧丙烷的烷氧基化产物;和类似物,例如数均分子量低于400的乙氧基化或丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇。
聚酯多元醇一般是已知的并具有500-10,000的数均分子量。它们是利用现有技术中已知的低分子量二醇、三醇和多元醇(包括但不限于前面所述的低分子量多元醇(任选与一元醇结合))与多羧酸反应由普通技术制得。合适的多羧酸的例子包括:邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸,1,2,4-苯三酸,四氢邻苯二甲酸,己二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,富马酸和其混合物。上述酸的酸酐,当存在时,也能够使用并由术语“多羧酸”涵盖。还有,按照与酸类似的方式进行反应形成聚酯多元醇的某些物质也是可以使用的。此类材料包括内酯,例如,己内酯,丙内酯和丁内酯,以及羟基酸如羟基己酸和二羟甲基丙酸。如果使用三醇或多羟基醇,单羧酸如乙酸和/苯甲酸可用于制备聚酯多元醇,和对于一些目的,此类聚酯多元醇是理想的。而且,聚酯多元醇在这里被理解为包括用脂肪酸或脂肪酸的甘油酯改性的聚酯多元醇(即含有这类改性的醇酸树脂多元醇)。可利用的另一种多元醇的聚酯多元醇是通过让烯化氧例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷等和维萨酸(versatic acid)的缩水甘油基酯与甲基丙烯酸反应、形成相应的酯来制备的那些聚酯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇一般是已知的并具有400-10,000的数均分子量。聚醚多元醇的例子包括各种聚氧化烯多元醇,数均分子量大约400(例如425)的聚烷氧基化多元醇,聚氧化四亚甲基二醇及其混合物。根据众所周知的方法,通过使用酸或碱催化加成反应,由烯化氧或烯化氧的混合物与多羟基引发剂或多羟基引发剂混合物如乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油和山梨糖醇等进行缩合反应能够制备聚氧化烯多元醇。举例性质的烯化氧包括环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,环氧丁烷,环氧戊烷,芳基链烯氧化物例如苯乙烯氧化物,和卤代烯化氧如三氯环氧丁烷等等。更优选的烯化氧包括环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷或其混合物,其中利用无规的或分步的氧烷基化反应。此类聚氧化烯多元醇的例子包括聚氧化乙烯,即聚乙二醇,聚氧化丙烯,即聚丙二醇。用作软链段的此类聚氧化烯多元醇的数均分子量优选等于或大于600,更优选等于或大于725,和最优选等于或大于1000。
数均分子量大于400的聚烷氧基化多元醇可由下面通式I表示:其中m和n各自为正数,m和n的总和是5-70,R1和R2各自是氢,甲基或乙基,优选氢或甲基和A是二价连接基,后者选自直链或支链亚烷基(通常含有1-8个碳原子),亚苯基,C1-C9烷基取代的亚苯基和由以下通式II表示的基团:其中R3和R4各自是C1-C4烷基,氯或溴,p和q各自是0-4中的整数,表示二价苯基团或二价环己烷基团,以及当
是二价苯基时D是O,S,-S(O2)-,-C(O)-,-CH2-,-CH=CH-,-C(CH3)2-,-C(CH3)(C6H5)-或,和当
是二价环己烷基团时,D是O,S,-CH2-或-C(CH3)2-。优选地,聚烷氧基化多元醇是其中m和n的总和是15-40,例如25-35,R1和R2各自是氢,A是满足以下条件的通式II的二价连接基:其中
是二价苯基,p和q各自是0,和D是-C(CH3)2-,和最优选地,m和n的总和是25-35,例如30。此类材料可由本技术领域中众所周知的方法来制备。一种这类常用的方法包括让多元醇例如4,4’-亚异丙基二苯酚与含环氧乙烷的物质例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、α-丁烯氧化物或β-丁烯氧化物反应,形成通常被称作具有羟基官能团的乙氧基化、丙氧基化或丁氧基化多元醇的物质。
适合用于制备聚烷氧基化多元醇的多元醇的例子包括这里所述的低分子量多元醇,例如三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇;亚苯基二醇如邻-、间-和对-二羟基苯;烷基取代的亚苯基二醇如2,6-二羟基甲苯,3-甲基儿茶酚,4-甲基儿茶酚,2-羟基苄基醇,3-羟基苄基醇,和4-羟基苄基醇;二羟基联苯如4,4’-二羟基联苯和2,2’-二羟基联苯;双酚如4,4’-亚异丙基二苯酚;4,4’-氧化双酚;4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮;4,4’-硫代双苯酚;酚酞;双(4-羟苯基)甲烷;4,4’-(1,2-亚乙二基)双苯酚;和4,4’-磺酰基双苯酚;卤代酚类如4,4’-亚异丙基双(2,6-二溴苯酚),4,4’-亚异丙基双(2,6-二氯苯酚)和4,4’-亚异丙基双(2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚);和双环己醇,后者可通过将相应的双酚如4,4’-亚异丙基双环己烷醇、4,4’-氧代双环己烷醇、4,4’-硫代双环己烷醇和双(4-羟基环己烷醇)甲烷进行氢化来制备。
聚醚多元醇也包括通常已知的聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇,后者是在路易斯酸催化剂如三氟化硼、氯化锡(IV)和磺酰氯存在下将四氢呋喃聚合来制备的。用作软链段的聚氧化四亚甲基二醇的数均分子量是在400-5000,优选650-2900,更优选1000-2000范围内,最优选是1000。
优选地,聚醚多元醇选自聚氧化烯多元醇,聚烷氧基化多元醇,聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇及其混合物,最优选地,数均分子量等于或大于1,000的聚氧化烯多元醇,具有大约30个乙氧基的乙氧基化双酚A和数均分子量为1000的聚氧化四亚甲基二醇。
含酰胺的多元醇一般是已知的并典型地从二酸或内酯和这里所述的低分子量多元醇与下面所述的二胺或氨基醇的反应制备。例如,含酰胺的多元醇可通过新戊基二醇,己二酸和六亚甲基二胺的反应来制备。含酰胺的二醇也可由例如羧酸酯、羧酸或内酯与氨基醇的反应通过氨解来制备。合适二醇和氨基醇的例子包括六亚甲基二胺,乙二胺,亚苯基二胺,单乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,异佛尔酮二胺等等。
环氧化多元醇一般是已知的并能够例如通过多酚的缩水甘油基醚、如2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与多酚如2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷的反应来制备。变化其分子量和平均羟基官能度的环氧化多元醇能够根据所使用起始原料的比例来制备。
多羟基聚乙烯醇一般是已知的,并能够例如通过在合适的引发剂存在下将乙酸乙酯聚合和然后将乙酸酯结构部分的至少一部分水解来制备。在水解过程中,形成了直接连接于聚合物骨架的羟基。除了均聚物外,乙酸乙烯酯和诸如氯乙烯之类的单体的共聚物也能够以类似的方式制备和水解,从而形成多羟基聚乙烯基醇-聚氯乙烯共聚物。
脲烷多元醇一般是已知的,并能够例如由多异氰酸酯与过量多元醇的反应形成羟基官能化产物来制备。用于制备脲烷多元醇的多异氰酸酯的实例包括本文中所述的那些。用于制备脲烷多元醇的有机多元醇的实例包括这里所述的其它多元醇,例如低分子量多元醇,聚酯多元醇,聚醚多元醇,含酰胺的多元醇,聚丙烯酸系多元醇,环氧化多元醇,多羟基聚乙烯醇和其混合物。
聚丙烯酸系多元醇一般是已知的并能够由下文所述的单体的自由基加成聚合技术来制备。优选的聚丙烯酸系多元醇具有500-50,000的重均分子量和20-270的羟值。更优选地,重均分子量是1000-30,000和羟值是80-250。最优选地,平均分子量是3,000-20,000和羟值是100-225。
聚丙烯酸系多元醇包括但不限于:已知的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的羟基官能化加成聚合物和共聚物;它们的羟基官能化酯衍生物,其中包括但不限于它们的羟基官能化酯衍生物。用于制备羟基官能化加成聚合物的羟基官能化烯属不饱和单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基酯,即丙烯酸羟乙基酯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁基酯,丙烯酸羟甲基乙基酯,丙烯酸羟甲基丙基酯及其混合物。
更优选地,聚丙烯酸系多元醇是羟基官能化的烯属不饱和(甲基)丙烯酸单体和其它烯属不饱和单体的共聚物,该其它烯属不饱和单体选自乙烯基芳族单体,例如苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,叔丁基苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯,乙烯基脂族单体如乙烯,丙烯和1,3-丁二烯;(甲基)丙烯酰胺;(甲基)丙烯腈;乙烯基和乙烯叉基卤,例如氯乙烯和偏氯乙烯;乙烯基酯,例如乙酸乙烯酯;丙烯酸-和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯,即(甲基)丙烯酸的烷基酯,在烷基中具有1-17个碳原子,其中包括(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯,(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯,(甲基)丙烯酸环己基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯;环氧基官能化的烯属不饱和单体类,如(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯;羧基官能化烯的属不饱和单体类,如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸;以及此类烯属不饱和单体的混合物。
羟基官能化烯属不饱和(甲基)丙烯酸单体可包括至多95wt%的聚丙烯酸系多元醇共聚物。优选地,它占全部共聚物的至多70wt%,和更优选,羟基官能化的烯属不饱和(甲基)丙烯酸单体占至多45wt%。
这里所述的聚丙烯酸系多元醇能够由单体的自由基引发的加成聚合反应、和由有机溶液聚合技术来制备。单体典型地被溶于有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中,溶剂包括酮类如甲基乙基酮,酯类如乙酸丁酯,丙二醇的乙酸酯,和乙酸己酯,醇类如乙醇和丁醇,醚类如丙二醇单丙基醚和3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯,和芳族溶剂如二甲苯和SOLVESSO 100,从Exxon ChemicalCo.获得的高沸点烃溶剂的混合物。溶剂首先被加热至回流,通常70-160℃,和单体或单体混合物和自由基引发剂经过大约1-7小时的时间被缓慢地加入到回流溶剂中。太快地添加单体会引起较差的转化或高而快速的放热反应,这对安全有危害。合适的自由基引发剂包括过乙酸叔戊基酯,过乙酸二叔戊基酯和2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)。自由基引发剂典型地以1-10wt%的量存在于反应混合物中,基于单体的总重量。由这里所述的操作程序制备的聚合物是非凝胶的和优选具有重均分子量为500-50,000g/每mol的那些。
与本发明的聚氨酯涂料组合物一起使用的光致变色化合物是显色为所需色彩的有机光致变色化合物。它们典型地在约400-700纳米范围内具有至少一个激活吸收最高值。它们能够单独使用或与补偿它们的激活色彩的光致变色化合物混合使用。此外,光致变色化合物可引入(例如溶解或分散)到用于制备光致变色制品的聚氨酯涂料组合物中。
更特别地,有机光致变色化合物包括:(a)至少一种具有可见光λ最大值为400-525纳米的光致变色有机化合物;和(b)至少一种具有可见光λ最大值为525-700纳米的光致变色有机化合物。最优选地,有机光致变色化合物是萘并[1,2-b]吡喃。
用于本发明的可聚合组合物中的合适光致变色化合物的实例包括苯并吡喃,萘并吡喃,例如萘并[1,2-b]吡喃和萘并[2,1-b]吡喃,菲并吡喃,茚并吡喃,例如US5 645 767的茚基稠合萘并吡喃,螺(二氢吲哚)苯并噁嗪和萘并噁嗪,螺(二氢吲哚)吡啶并苯并噁嗪和螺(二氢吲哚)苯并噁嗪。特定的实例包括US专利5 658 501的新型萘并吡喃和在该专利的11栏57行至13栏36行中公开的补充的有机光致变色物质。这里可考虑使用的其它光致变色物质是光致变色性有机-金属双硫腙盐,例如在US专利3 361 706中描述的汞双硫腙盐;和俘精酸酐和俘精酰亚胺,例如US专利4 931 220的20栏5行至21栏38行中公开的3-呋喃基-和3-噻吩基俘精酸酐和俘精酰亚胺。
在前述专利中有关光致变色化合物的公开内容被引入本文供参考。本发明的光致变色制品可含有一种光致变色化合物或光致变色化合物的混合物,具体要根据涂料中的需要而定。光致变色化合物的混合物可用于获得某些激活色如近中灰或棕色。
中灰色在400到700纳米的可见范围显示吸收较为相同的光谱。中褐色显示的光谱中在400-550纳米范围的吸收稍大于在550-700纳米范围的吸收。用于表述颜色的另一方法是色度坐标,它描述了色质和亮度因子,即它的色度。在CIE系统中,通过三色刺激值与其总和的比例得到色度坐标,例如x=X/(X+Y+Z)和y=Y/(X+Y+Z)。在CIE系统中所描述的颜色可以在色度图上画出,通常是色度坐标x和y的曲线图。参见“颜色技术原理”(Principles of Color Technology),第47-52页,作者为F.W.Billmeyer,Jr.和Max Saltzman,第二版,John Wiley和Sons,纽约(1981)。在这里使用的近中性颜色是这样一种颜色,在通过暴露于太阳照射(Air Mass 1或2)而激活到40%光透射比后,其色度坐标“x”和“y”值在如下范围(D65光源):x=0.260-0.400,y=0.280-0.400。
这里所述的光致变色化合物是以光致变色量使用并以一种比例(当使用混合物时)使用,使得其中使用了或引入了该化合物的涂料组合物显示出所需颜色,例如,当用未过滤的阳光照射时显示基本中性的颜色如灰色或棕色的色调,即激活的光致变色化合物的颜色尽可能接近中性颜色,并显示出所需强度(由光学密度的变化ΔOD来测量),例如当使用实施例10部分的D中描述的95°F光致变色性能测试方法在15分钟激活之后、在95°F下测试时ΔOD为0.4或0.4以上。
一般来说,被引入到涂料组合物中的光致变色材料的量是基于液体涂料组合物的重量的0.1-40wt%。优选地,光致变色材料的浓度是1.0-30wt%,更优选3-20wt%,和最优选5-15wt%,例如7-14wt%,基于液体涂料组合物的重量。
这里所述的光致变色化合物可引入到涂料组合物中,方法是将光致变色物质溶解或分散在有机多元醇组分或异氰酸酯组分中,或将其添加到用于形成聚氨酯的各组分的混合物中。此外,光致变色化合物可引入到固化涂层中,借助于本技术领域中熟练人员已知的浸润、渗透或其它转移方法。
对于医用或装饰目的,将相容的(化学上和颜色上相容)调色料,即染料,加入到涂料组合物中,涂敷到带涂层的制品上或在涂敷涂料之前涂敷到基材上,获得更佳的美学效果。所选择的具体染料将随所要达到的需要和效果来变化和定夺。在一个实施方案中,选择染料来补偿激发态光致变色物质的颜色,例如,为了获得更为中性的颜色或吸收特殊波长的入射光。在另一实施例中,染料的选择是为了当光致变色物质处于非激活态时,为基材和/或涂层制品提供所希望的色调。
在涂料组合物或固化涂层中使用或引入光致变色材料之前、同时或之后,辅助材料也能够引入到使用光致变色材料的涂料组合物中。例如,紫外光吸收剂也可在它们被加入到涂料组合物中之前与光致变色物质混合或该吸收剂可重叠(例如叠加)作为光致变色涂层和入射光之间的层。此外,稳定剂可在它们被加入到涂料组合物中之前与光致变色物质混合以改进光致变色物质的耐光疲劳。稳定剂,如受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS),不对称二芳基草酰胺(草酰苯胺)化合物和单线态氧猝灭剂,例如,带有机配体的镍离子配合物,或这些稳定剂的混合物都可使用。它们能够单独使用或混合使用。该稳定剂分别描述在US专利4 720 356和5 391 327中。
本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料组合物可进一步包括另外的常规成分,它赋予组合物以所需要的性能,或它是用于将组合物施涂在基材上和使之固化的方法所必需的,或者它增强从该组合物形成的固化涂层。此类另外的成分包括流变控制剂,流平剂,例如表面活性剂,引发剂,固化抑制剂,自由基清除剂和粘合促进剂,如优选具有1-4个碳原子的烷氧基取代基的三烷氧基硅烷,其中包括γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,3,4-环氧基环己基乙基三甲氧基硅烷和氨基乙基三甲氧基硅烷。
根据本发明使用的涂料组合物可施涂在任何类型的基材(即涂料组合物所要涂敷的材料)上,如纸张、玻璃、陶瓷、木材、砖石材、纺织品、金属和有机聚合物材料。优选地,基材是有机聚合物材料,特别是用作有机光学材料的热固性和热塑性有机聚合物材料,例如,热塑性聚碳酸酯型聚合物和共聚物,以及多元醇(烯丙基碳酸酯)的均聚物或共聚物。
涂敷在基材上的涂料组合物的量是引入足够量的有机光致变色化合物以制备出一种涂层所必要的用量,当固化涂层暴露于UV辐射时显示出光密度(ΔOD)的所需变化。特别是,被涂敷在基材上的光致变色聚氨酯涂料组合物的量是这样一种用量,当在72°F(22℃)光致变色性能测试中使用实施例10的D部分中描述的操作程序进行测试时,该用量在30秒之后产生了至少0.15的ΔOD和在30分钟之后产生了至少0.44的ΔOD。固化涂层可具有5-200微米厚度。优选地,涂层厚度是5-100微米,更优选10-40微米,例如,20微米,和最优选10-25微米,例如15微米。
如果需要和如果合适,在涂敷本发明的涂料组合物之前,典型地将所要涂敷的基材表面清洗,以促进剂涂层的粘合作用。塑料如从二甘醇双(烯丙基碳酸酯)单体制得的那些聚合物或热塑性聚碳酸酯例如从双酚A和光气得到的树脂的高效处理技术、包括超声波技术清洗;用有机溶剂的含水混合物例如异丙醇∶水或乙醇∶水的50∶50混合物进行洗涤;UV处理;活化气体的处理,例如用低温等离子体或电晕放电处理,化学处理如羟基化,即用碱例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液刻蚀表面,它也可含有含氟表面活性剂。参见US专利3 971 872的3栏13行至25行;US专利4 904 525的6栏10行至48行;和US专利5 104 692的13栏10行至59行,它们描述了有机聚合物材料的表面处理。
用于清洗玻璃表面的处理将取决于在玻璃表面上存在的污渍的类型。这类处理对于本技术领域中熟练人员来说是已知的。例如,用含有低泡、易漂洗洗涤剂的水溶液洗涤玻璃,随后漂洗和用没有棉绒的布料干燥;在加热的(大约50℃)洗涤水中超声波浴处理,随后漂洗和干燥。在洗涤之前用醇类清洗剂或有机溶剂的预先清洗是从标签或胶带上除去粘合剂所必需的。
在以下情况下,有必要在涂敷本发明的涂料组合物之前在基材上涂敷一底涂层。底涂层用作阻隔涂层以防止涂料成分与基材的相互作用,和反之亦然,和/或作为粘合层将涂料组合物粘合在基材上。底涂层的涂敷可以是在涂料技术中使用的任何方法,如喷涂、旋涂、铺展涂敷、浸涂、浇铸或辊涂。
保护涂层(其中一些含有可形成聚合物的有机硅烷)用作底涂层以改进随后涂敷的涂层的粘结性的方法已经有描述。尤其非着色涂层的使用是优选的。商品涂料产品的实例包括SILVUE 124和HI-GARD涂料,分别购自SDC涂料公司和PPG工业公司。还有,取决于涂层制品的预定用途,有必要在涂料组合物的暴露表面上施涂合适的保护涂层(即耐磨涂层和/或用作氧阻隔剂的涂层),以防止因摩擦和磨损作用导致的擦伤以及氧与光致变色化合物的相互作用。在一些情况下,底涂层和保护涂层是可互换的,即同一涂层可同时用作底涂层和保护涂层。其它涂层或表面处理、例如着色涂层、抗反射表面,也可以涂敷在本发明的固化涂层之上。
本发明的涂料组合物可使用与施涂底涂层和保护涂层同样的方法进行涂敷,或现有技术中已知的其它方法也能够使用。优选地,涂料组合物由旋涂,浸涂或喷涂方法进行涂敷,最优选通过旋涂方法涂敷。
在涂料组合物涂敷在基材的被处理表面上之后,将涂层固化。取决于所选择的异氰酸酯组分,即究竟是游离、封闭或部分封闭的,该涂层可在22℃-200℃之间的温度下固化。如果为获得固化涂层而需要加热,则可以典型地使用在80℃和低于使基材受热遭破坏的温度之间的温度,例如80℃-150℃。例如,某些有机聚合物材料可加热至130℃达1-16小时,为的是使涂层固化而不损坏基材。尽管已经描述了用于固化带涂层的基材的温度范围,本技术领域中熟练人员将会认识到,偏离这里所公开温度范围的温度也可以使用。固化光致变色聚氨酯涂料组合物的其它方法包括用红外、紫外、γ-或电子辐射对涂层实施照射,从而引发涂层中可聚合组分的聚合反应。随后还可进行加热步骤。
根据本发明,固化的聚氨酯涂料满足了光学涂层的商品上可接受的“化妆品”标准。在光学涂层中发现的化妆品缺陷的实例包括涂层的凹坑,斑点,夹杂,开裂和破裂。优选地,使用本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料组合物所制备的涂层基本上没有化妆品缺陷。
可作为本发明的涂料组合物的基材的有机聚合物材料的实例是从选自如下这些单种-或多种单体制备的聚合物:
(b)由下式IV表示的二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯化合物:其中G是CH2CR6R7,R7是氢或亚甲基和s是1-50中的整数;和
在结构式III、IV和V中,对于取代基的定义所用的同样字母具有同样的意义。
由结构式III和IV表示的二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯化合物的实例包括二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯等,二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯和聚(二甲基丙烯酸(亚氧烷基酯),例如二甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇(600)酯。由结构式V表示的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯化合物的实例包括丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯。
可用这里所描述的可聚合组合物涂敷的有机聚合物材料、例如有机光学树脂的其它实例包括:在US专利5 658 501的15栏28行至16栏17行中公开的单体和单体混合物的聚合物,即均聚物和共聚物。此类单体和聚合物的实例包括:双(烯丙基碳酸酯)单体,例如二甘醇双(烯丙基碳酸酯),该单体以商标CR-39销售;多元醇(甲基)丙烯酰基终端的碳酸酯单体;二甲基丙烯酸乙氧基化双酚A酯单体;双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯单体;双甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯单体;丙烯酸脲烷酯单体;苯乙烯;乙酸纤维素;三乙酸纤维素;丙酸和丁酸(乙酸纤维素);聚(乙酸乙烯酯);聚乙烯醇;聚氯乙烯;聚偏氯乙烯;聚氨酯;热塑性聚碳酸酯,如从双酚A和光气得到的碳酸酯连接型树脂,它以商标LEXAN销售;聚酯类,如以商标MYLAR销售的材料;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯),如以商标PLEXIGLAS销售的材料。
尤其考虑使用光学透明聚合物,即适合光学应用的材料,如光学元件,例如扁平和视力校正型眼科透镜,窗户,透明聚合物膜,汽车透明材料,例如挡风玻璃,飞机透明材料,塑料片材等。此类光学透明聚合物可具有1.48-1.75,例如1.495-1.66,尤其1.5-1.6的折光指数。特别考虑的是由热塑性聚碳酸酯制造的光学元件。
最特别考虑的是使用本发明的光致变色聚氨酯涂料组合物与光学元件结合使用来生产光致变色光学制品。此类材料是通过按顺序在光学元件上涂敷底涂层、本发明的光致变色聚氨酯组合物和合适的保护涂料来制备。所得到的固化涂料满足光学涂料的商业上可接受的“化妆品”标准,和优选地,它基本上没有化妆品的缺陷。
本发明更具体地描述在下面的实施例中,它们仅仅是说明目的,因为各种改进和变化对于本技术领域中熟练人员来说是显而易见的。在实施例中见到的表中同样编号的脚注是指相同的物质。
实施例1
组合物A
下面的物质按所述顺序和方式被加入到装有搅拌器、回流柱、加料漏斗、氮气导入管、与外部电子控制器相联通的内部温度探针和加热夹套的合适反应器中。投料-1物质 重量(g)Aromatic 100溶剂(1) 200投料-2物质 重量(g)甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯 180丙烯酸丁酯 300苯乙烯 120投料-3物质 重量(g)Aromatic 100溶剂(1) 116LUPEROX 555-M60引发剂(2) 22.5
(1)购自Texaco的高温沸点溶剂的混合物
(2)购自Elf Atochem的过乙酸叔戊基酯。
投料-1被加入到反应器中;将氮气导入反应器中;开动搅拌器;对反应器中的投料加热。当投料达到125℃的温度时,投料-3经过3.5小时的时间以连续的方式加入。在投料-3开始加入后的15分钟,投料-2经3小时的时间以连续方式加入。在投料-3的加料结束后,混合物在125℃下保持1小时。反应器的内容物然后被冷却和转移至合适的容器中。所得到的聚合物溶液具有计算的总固体含量(基于总溶液重量)为大约65%。聚合物具有重均分子量(由使用聚苯乙烯作为标准物的凝胶渗透色谱法测量)为大约13,500和羟基值为大约129,基于聚合物固体计。
组合物B
按照制备组合物A的操作程序,但LUPEROX 555-M60引发剂的量是43g。所得到的聚合物溶液具有的理论固体含量(基于总溶液重量)为大约65%。聚合物具有重均分子量(由使用聚苯乙烯作为标准物的凝胶渗透色谱法测量)为大约7,600和羟基值为约127(基于聚合物固体计)。
组合物C
按照制备组合物A的操作程序,但LUPEROX 555-M60引发剂的量是90g。所得到的聚合物溶液具有的理论固体含量(基于总溶液重量计)为大约65%。聚合物具有重均分子量(由使用聚苯乙烯作为标准物的凝胶渗透色谱法测量)为大约2,900和羟基值为约119(基于聚合物固体计)。
组合物D
下面的物质按所述顺序和方式被加入到装有搅拌器、回流柱、加料漏斗、氮气导入管、与外部电子控制器相联通的内部温度探针和加热夹套的合适反应器中。投料-1物质 重量(g)SOLVESSO 100溶剂(3) 120二甲苯 120异丁醇 48投料-2物质 重量(g)甲基丙烯酸羟丙基酯 180丙烯酸丁酯 212.8甲基丙烯酸丁酯 207.2苯乙烯 22.4丙烯酸 22.4甲基丙烯酸甲酯 5.6叔十二烷基硫醇 11.2投料-3物质 重量(g)二甲苯 96SOLVESSO 100溶剂(3) 72VAZO-67引发剂(4) 56投料-4物质 重量(g)SOLVESSO 100溶剂(3) 12VAZO-67引发剂(4) 4.5投料-5物质 重量(g)SOLVESSO 100溶剂(3) 12VAZO-67引发剂(4) 4.5
(3)购自Exxon的芳族溶剂。
(4)购自E.I.Dupont de Nemours和Company的2,2’-偶氮双-(2-
甲基丁腈)。
将投料-1加入到反应器中;将氮气导入反应器中;开动搅拌器;对反应器加热以保持温度在溶剂发生回流的温度。在达到回流温度后,投料-2和投料-3经2小时以连续的方式单独加入到反应器中。随后,添加投料-4,反应混合物在回流温度下保持1小时。然后添加投料-5,反应混合物在回流温度下保持另外1.5小时。反应器的内容物然后被冷却并转移至合适的容器中。所得到的聚合物溶液具有计算的总固体含量(基于总溶液重量)为大约70.7%。聚合物具有重均分子量(由使用聚苯乙烯作为标准物的凝胶渗透色谱法测量)为大约9,000和羟基值为大约170,基于聚合物固体计。
实施例2
按照所述顺序和方式将下述原料加入到适合使用BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器的容器中:投料-1物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1(5) 0.673光致变色剂No.2(6) 0.449TINUVIN 292(7)UV稳定剂 0.546BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.015锡催化剂(9) 0.103NMP(10) 3.163投料-2物质 重量(g)组合物A的聚丙烯酸系多元醇 5.66QO POLYMEG 1000二醇(11) 2.25投料-3物质 重量(g)VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的多异氰酸酯 8.098(5)当用紫外光辐射时显示出蓝色的萘并[1,2-b]吡喃。(6)当用紫外光辐射时显示出红色-桔黄色的萘并[1,2-b]吡喃。(7)购自CIBA-GEIGY Corp.的受阻胺紫外光稳定剂(CAS登记号41556-26-7)。(8)购自Bayer公司的苯基甲基聚硅氧烷。(9)以DABCO T-12催化剂或METACURE T-12催化剂的名称获得的二月桂酸二丁基锡。(10)99%纯度的N-甲基吡咯烷酮。(11)购自Great Lakes Chemical Corporation的、数均分子量为1000
的聚(氧代四亚甲基)二醇。(12)购自Huls America Inc.的甲基乙基酮肟封闭的脂族多异氰酸酯。
投料-1被加入到容器中并在5000rpm的速度下由均化器混合2分钟。投料-2然后被加入到容器中并在5000rpm下混合另外2分钟。所得到的溶液被转移至合适的容器中并添加投料-3。NCO∶OH的比例是1.2∶1.0。随后,将容器放置在以200rpm速度旋转的辊式磨机上达1小时。之后,溶液通过10微米尼龙过滤器进行过滤,并在真空下脱气大约5分钟。
实施例3
按照实施例2的操作程序,但使用组合物B的5.66g聚丙烯酸系多元醇。
实施例4
按照实施例2的操作程序,但使用组合物C的6.07g聚丙烯酸系多元醇。
实施例5
按照实施例2的操作程序,但使用组合物D的5.53g聚丙烯酸系多元醇。
实施例6
按照实施例2的操作程序,但使用TINUVIN 144,它是一种受阻胺UV稳定剂,代替TINUVIN 292。用下面列出的物质和用量制备溶液。
溶液No.1投料-1物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 2.83光致变色剂No.2 1.89TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 1.15BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.06锡催化剂(9) 0.43NMP(10) 19.68投料-2物质 重量(g)QO POLYMEG 1000二醇(11) 27.0投料-3物质 重量(g)VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的 34.0多异氰酸酯(12)
溶液No.2投料-1物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 4.28光致变色剂No.2 2.86TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 1.74BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.10锡催化剂(9) 0.66NMP(10) 29.75投料-2物质 重量(g)组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇 37.96投料-3物质 重量(g)VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的 51.54多异氰酸酯(12)
将为了达到聚丙烯酸系多元醇(P)与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇(D)的列举重量比所必要的下面所列用量的溶液1和溶液2加入到适合与BRINKMANPT-300一起使用的容器中,并在5000rpm下混合2分钟。
实施例号 P∶D之比 溶液2的量(g) 溶液1的量(g)
6A 70∶30 14 6
6B 65∶35 13 7
6C 60∶40 12 8
6D 55∶45 11 9
6E 50∶50 10 10
6F 45∶55 9 11
6G 40∶60 8 12
对比实施例1(CE1)
按照实施例6的过程进行。将下列的溶液1和溶液2的量-它们是为得到所列的。聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇之重量比所需的-加到一个适于与一个BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器一起使用的容器中,并在5000rpm下混合2小时。
实施例号 P∶D之比 溶液1的量(g) 溶液2的量(g)
CE1A 80∶20 16 4
CE1B 75∶25 15 5
对比实施例2(CE2)
将下列材料按列出的顺序加入到一个适于与BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器一起使用的容器中。
材料 重量(g)
光致变色剂No.1 8.749
光致变色剂No.2 5.837
TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 3.549
BAysiLONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.195
锡催化剂(9) 1.339
NMP(10) 60.775
该容器中的内容物在5000rpm下混合2分钟。将所得溶液的各重6.188克等分样转移到适合的容器中。将下列的、组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇的量和QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的量加到各含6.188克溶液的各个容器中,以得到列出的、组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的重量比。
实施例号 P∶D的比例 组合物D的聚丙烯酸系 QO POLYMEG
多元醇的量(g) 1000二醇的量(g)
CE2A 100∶0 5.964 0
CE2B 95∶5 5.686 0.300
CE2C 90∶10 5.407 0.600
CE2D 85∶15 5.125 0.904
CE2E 25∶75 1.576 4.728
CE2F 20∶80 1.266 5.063
CE2G 15∶85 0.953 5.400
CE2H 10∶90 0.638 5.740
CE2I 5∶95 0.320 6.082
CE2J 0∶100 0 6.427
将VESTANATE B 1358 A封闭的多异氰酸酯(8.098g)加入到每一个所得溶液中。NCO∶OH的比例是1.2∶1.0。各溶液通过使用BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器在5000rpm下混合2分钟。所得到的溶液然后被转移至合适的容器中,通过10微米尼龙过滤器进行过滤,并在真空下脱气大约20分钟。
实施例7
下面的原料按所列顺序加入到适合与BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器配套使用的容器中。物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 2.02光致变色剂No.2 1.347TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 0.819BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.045锡催化剂(9) 0.309NMP(10) 14.025VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的 24.29多异氰酸酯(12)
容器中的内容物在5000rpm下混合2分钟并被分出3.67g的等分试样。向每一等分试样中添加下列用量的多元醇和二醇。所得到的溶液在5000rpm下混合2分钟,并在真空下脱气大约15分钟。多元醇与二醇的重量比是40∶60。各溶液具有的NCO∶OH为1.2∶1.0。实施例号 组合物D多元醇(P)(g) 二元醇(D)(g)
7 0.45 0.67(13)数均分子量为1000的聚乙二醇。
实施例8
按所列顺序将下列材料加到一个适于与BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器一起使用的容器中。
材料 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 8.076光致变色剂No.2 5.388TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 3.276BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.18锡催化剂(9) 1.236VESTANT B 1358 A封闭的 56.1多异氰酸酯(12) 97.176
将容器中的各内容物在5000rpm下混合2分钟,并分成各14.86克的等分。向每一等分中加入下列的多元醇和二醇的量。将所得的各溶液在5000rpm下混合2分钟,并在真空下脱气15分钟。每个溶液中该多元醇与二醇的重量比为60∶40,且NCO∶OH比例为1.2∶1.0。
组合物D实施例号 多元醇(p)(g) 二元醇(D)(g)
PPG(1000)148A 3.699 2.466
POTM(1000)158B 3.697 2.465
BPA(30)EO168C 4.231 2.821(14)数均分子量为1000的聚丙二醇。(15)数均分子量为1000的聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇。(16)具有大约30个环氧乙烷单元和数均分子量为1500的双酚A,购自PPG工业公司。
实施例9
按照所述顺序和方式,将下述原料加入到装有搅拌器的合适反应器中:投料-1物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 2.691光致变色剂No.2 2.154光致变色剂No.3(17) 0.538TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 1.309BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.072锡催化剂(9) 0.494NMP(10) 22.428投料-2物质 重量(g)组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇 17.175QO POLYMEG 1000二醇(11) 12.329投料-3物质 重量(g)VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的 38.849多异氰酸酯(12)投料-4物质 重量(g)SILQUEST A-187(18) 1.961(17)当用紫外光辐射时显示出蓝色的螺萘并噁嗪。(18)购自Osi Specialties的γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
将投料-1加入到反应器中,开动搅拌器,其中的内容物被混合直至固体溶解为止。投料-2,3和4分别加入,而且在各自加料结束之后将溶液混合。所得到的溶液通过10微米过滤器进行过滤,并在真空下脱气大约20分钟。
对比实施例3(CE3)
下面的原料按所列顺序加入到一个适合与BRINKMAN PT-3000均化器配套使用的容器中。物质 重量(g)光致变色剂No.1 0.673光致变色剂No.2 0.449TINUVIN 144 UV稳定剂 0.273BAYSILONE颜料添加剂PL(8) 0.015锡催化剂(9) 0.103NMP(10) 4.675组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇 2.190QO POLYMEG 100多元醇(11) 4.060VESTANAT B 1358 A封闭的 8.098多异氰酸酯(12)
容器中的内容物在5000rpm下混合2分钟。所得到的溶液通过10微米尼龙过滤器进行过滤,并在真空下脱气大约20分钟。所得到的溶液具有组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的重量比为35∶65和具有的NCO∶OH为1.2∶1.0。
对比实施例4(CE4)
按照实施例3的操作程序,但使用1.89g的组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇和4.40g的QO POLYMEG 1000二醇。所得到的溶液具有组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的重量比为30∶70和具有的NCO∶OH为1.2∶1.0。
对比实施例5(CE5)
按照对比实施例2的操作程序。向各等分试样中添加下面所列用量的多元醇和二元醇。
组合物D对比实施例号 多元醇(P)(g) 二元醇(D)(g) P∶D比例
PEG(600)195A 0.45 0.67 40∶60
PPG(725)205B 0.43 0.55 44∶56
POTM(650)215C 0.37 0.51 42∶58
PCL(530)225D 0 0.85 0∶100
PCL(1250)23
5E 0.72 0.66 52∶48
(19)数均分子量为600的聚乙二醇。
(20)数均分子量为725的聚丙二醇。
(21)数均分子量为650的聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇。
(22)数均分子量为530的聚己内酯二醇。
(23)数均分子量为1250的聚己内酯二醇。
实施例10
部分A
在实施例2-5中制得的溶液用旋涂方法施涂在由供应商预先涂敷了非显色硬涂层的热塑性聚碳酸酯透镜片上。透镜具有76mm直径,并购自Gentex Optics,Inc.;Orcolite,Benson Eyecare Corp.的分公司;Vision-Ease,BMC工业公司的一个机构;和/或SOLA Optical USA。在涂敷涂层之前,各透镜在被保持在55℃的温度下的、具有大约2.4当量的氢氧化钾水溶液中浸泡30秒,然后用去离子水漂洗。在一些情况下,浸泡和漂洗步骤能够在声波处理器中进行,该声波处理器是在与这里所述的Branson Ultrasonic Model 5200声波处理器相当的功率下操作的。大约800mg的溶液被分配到以2000rpm的速度旋转的各透镜上,得到湿膜重量大约200mg/每透镜。涂敷过的透镜最初在红外光中曝光一段足以降低涂层透镜之粘性的时间,然后在保持在140℃的对流烘箱中固化40分钟。干燥涂层的最终厚度是大约20微米。
实施例6-9和对比实施例1和2中制备的溶液借助于旋涂方法被施涂于由CR-39单体制成的透镜上。透镜具有76mm直径和从SOLA OpticalUSA获得。在涂料进行涂敷之前,各透镜(除实施例9的透镜外)在保持于55℃的温度下的、具有大约2.4当量的氢氧化钾水溶液中浸泡3分钟,然后用去离子水漂洗。浸泡和漂洗步骤能够在Branson Ultrasonic Model5200声波处理器中进行。大约800mg的溶液被分配到以2000rpm的速度旋转的各透镜上,得到湿膜重量大约200mg/每透镜。涂敷过的透镜在保持于140℃的对流烘箱中固化40分钟。干燥过的涂层最终厚度是大约20微米。用实施例9的溶液涂敷的透镜被分成2组,9A和9B。两组按以上所述涂敷,但指定为9B的透镜另外用含有机硅烷的保护涂料涂敷并固化。所得到的硬涂层的厚度是2微米。
部分B
在部分A中制备的光致变色的涂层透镜通过使用购自费歇尔Technology,Inc.的费歇尔scope HCV,Model H-100进行微观硬度测试。实施例2-6和对比实施例1和2的涂层透镜的微观硬度(以牛顿/毫米2测量)是在10毫牛顿负荷,30个负荷步骤和在各负荷步骤之间有0.5秒停顿的条件下测定的。对这些试样的微观硬度的测试是在IPA擦拭之前和之后进行,即透镜用异丙醇浸泡过的布料向前擦拭8次和向后擦拭8次。在微观硬度测试之前用异丙醇的擦拭是为了确定涂层的耐化学性和结构完整性。在IPA擦拭之前测试的可接受涂层的微观硬度结果应该与在IPA擦拭之后测试的同样涂层的微观硬度结果相差不多于±20%。偏出可接受范围之外的IPA擦拭后微观硬度结果是涂层吸收异丙醇的指示性参数,它影响微观硬度和涂层完整性。该涂层预计具有降低的耐化学性和在进一步处理之后也许不保持完整。各透镜被测试3次,这些测试结果的数值平均列于表1中。
实施例7-9和对比实施例3-5的涂层透镜的微观硬度是在没有IPA擦拭的情况下测定的。各透镜在300毫牛顿负荷、30个负荷步骤和各负荷步骤之间有0.5秒停顿的条件下测试一次。结果列于表2中。
部分C
在部分A中制备的光致变色的带涂层制品在荧光屏上检查对紫外线的吸收,以及在390纳米处具有可比UV吸收的透镜在光具座上被测试光致变色响应。在光具座上测试之前,光致变色透镜暴露于365纳米紫外光中达到约20分钟,以使光致变色化合物激活,然后放置在75℃烘箱中使光致变色化合物变白(失活)。带涂层的透镜然后被冷却至室温,在荧光室照射至少2小时,然后在光具座上测试之前以被覆盖状态保持至少2小时。光具座装有300瓦氙弧灯,遥控开关,Schott 3mm KG-2波段滤除过滤片(它除去短波辐射),中灰性密度滤片,用于插入待测试透镜、保持样品温度的石英砂喷射打磨过的水槽/样品夹具。
光具座的输出功率、即样品透镜所要暴露的光量,对于实施例5-8而言被调节到1.4毫瓦/厘米2(mW/cm2),对于实施例9-13和对比实施例1,2和3而言被调节到0.83mW/cm2。输出功率的测量是使用带有UV-A检测仪(系列#22411)的GRASEBY Optronics Model S-371便携式光度计(系列#21536)或类似设备来进行。UV-A检测仪被放置在样品夹持器中并测量光输出量。光输出量的调节可通过提高或降低灯的瓦数或通过在光通路中增加或移走中性密度滤片来进行。
来自钨灯的发光的调焦、准直光束以垂直于透镜表面的30度角度穿透样品。在透过透镜之后,来自钨灯的光线直射透过一只与检测仪相联通的适光滤片。检测仪的输出信号由辐射计进行处理。测试条件的控制和数据的获取是由Labtech Notebook Pro软件和推荐的I/O主板来进行加工。
从变白状态至变暗状态的光密度的变化(ΔOD)是如下测定的:确立初始透射率,打开氙气灯的开关以提供紫外光辐射,使测试透镜在所选择的时间间隔从变白状态改变成激活(即变暗)状态,测量活化状态下的透光率,根据式ΔOD=log(%Tb/%Ta)来计算光密度的变化,其中%Ta是活化状态下的百分透光率和log值是以10为基础。
在第一个十六(16)秒的UV暴露之后、然后在使用下面所述的参数在85°F(29℃)光致变色性能测试中经过五(5)秒之后测量ΔOD。由于使用了较高输出功率设定值来测定85°F下的ΔOD,例如实施例2-5,该数据是通过将16秒的结果除以1.5、5分钟的结果除以1.4而被归一到(normalized)实施例7-9和对比实施例2-5的数据形式。变白速率(T1/2)是带涂层透镜的光致变色化合物活化形式的ΔOD(吸收率)达到在移走活化光源之后、在85°F(29℃)下最高ΔOD的一半时所需要的时间间隔(秒)。所测试的带光致变色涂层的透镜的结果列于表3中。
部分D
在部分A中描述的同样操作程序用于将实施例6-9和对比实施例可1-5的溶液涂敷到从CR-39二甘醇双(烯丙基碳酸酯)单体制得的透镜上,只是所有的透镜(实施例9的除外)在2.4N氢氧化钾水溶液中处理1分钟而不是30秒或3分钟。用实施例9的溶液涂敷过的透镜在涂敷之前不用苛性溶液处理。
在部分B中描述的微观硬度测试是对带涂层透镜进行的,且结果记录在表4中,按组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的重量比的降序。
在部分C中描述的光致变色响应测试是对在该部分D中描述的光致变色的带涂层透镜进行的,只是在使用下面对于各温度所描述的测试参数的72°F和95°F光致变色性能测试中当光具座温度为72°F(22℃)和95°F(35℃)时进行测量。光具座的输出功率在温度为72°F(22℃)时被调节至0.67mW/cm2,在温度为95°F(35℃)时被调节至1.41mW/cm2。带光致变色涂层的透镜在荧光屏上被检查紫外线吸收,而且进一步测试具有可比UV吸收值的透镜。紫外线吸收值得到了光致变色化合物在透镜上涂层中含量的指示值。当使用72°F(22℃)的温度时,透镜被活化30分钟,在第一个30秒后和然后在30分钟之后测量ΔOD。结果记录在表5中,按照组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的重量比的降序。
表1
微观硬度:牛顿/毫米2 微观硬度:牛顿/毫米2实施例号 (在IPA擦洗之前) (在IPA擦洗之后)
2 106 105
3 98 102
4 80 65
5 122 127
表2
实施例号 微观硬度:牛顿/毫米2
7 111
8A 115
8B 119
8C 119
9A 104
CE5A 115
CE5B 118
CE5C 126
CE5D 122
CE5E 126
表3
85°F 85°F 85°F实施例号 ΔOD@16(秒) ΔOD@5(分钟) (T1/2)(秒)2 0.27 0.48 283 0.27 0.49 284 0.29 0.51 275 0.26 0.50 28CE5A 0.14 0.42 687 0.15 0.38 56CE5B 0.11 0.37 78CE5C 0.08 0.30 92CE5D 0.09 0.35 76CD5E 0.10 0.30 648A 0.16 0.40 448B 0.16 0.35 358C 0.17 0.39 409A 0.19 0.38 329B 0.19 0.38 31
表4
微观硬度:牛顿/毫米2 微观硬度:牛顿/毫米2实施例号 (在IPA擦洗之前) (在IPA擦洗之后)CE2A 213 218CE2B 206 215CE2C 174 180CE2D 176 165CE1A 184 197CE1B 171 1766A 147 1396B 140 1396C 128 1286D 105 1036E 127 1286F 79 726G 58 47CE3 30 8CE4 27 14CE2E 13 8CE2F 11 6CE2G 8 7CE2H 4 6CE2I 6 6CE2J 7 6
表5
72°F 72°F 72°F 95°F 95°F 95°F实施例号 ΔOD@ ΔOD@ T1/2 ΔOD@ ΔOD@ T1/2
30秒 30分钟 秒 30秒 15分钟 秒CE2A 0.03 0.23 3078 0.05 0.26 1019CE2B 0.04 0.27 1998 0.07 0.30 576CE2C 0.06 0.32 976 0.11 0.34 264CE2D 0.08 0.37 646 0.13 0.37 176CE1A 0.11 0.41 371 0.18 0.38 96CE1B 0.13 0.44 226 0.21 0.39 566A 0.19 0.48 118 0.27 0.41 306B 0.19 0.48 113 0.27 0.40 296C 0.22 0.49 94 0.29 0.41 246D 0.24 0.50 76 0.31 0.41 206E 0.20 0.48 100 0.29 0.40 276F 0.28 0.50 58 0.34 0.41 166G 0.30 0.51 50 0.37 0.42 14CE3 0.33 0.51 46 0.38 0.41 12CE4 0.34 0.51 41 0.37 0.41 12CE2E 0.36 0.51 37 0.37 0.39 11CE2F 0.36 0.51 35 0.36 0.39 10CE2G 0.37 0.51 34 0.37 0.38 10CE2H 0.38 0.49 31 0.36 0.38 10CE2I 0.38 0.49 30 0.36 0.38 10CE2J 0.38 0.49 30 0.36 0.38 10
表6
72°F 72°F 72°F 95°F 95°F 95°F实施例号 ΔOD@ ΔOD@ T1/2 ΔOD@ ΔOD@ T1/2
30秒 30分钟 秒 30秒 15分钟 秒CE5A 0.15 0.57 284 0.29 0.46 517 0.19 0.53 192 0.28 0.43 44CE5B 0.13 0.52 292 0.24 0.45 52CE5C 0.10 0.44 396 0.18 0.40 83CE5D 0.10 0.49 338 0.22 0.44 46CE5E 0.13 0.44 220 0.20 0.38 488A 0.17 0.47 137 0.30 0.45 298B 0.20 0.46 96 0.27 0.39 248C 0.21 0.53 128 0.30 0.42 289A 0.23 0.49 83 0.30 0.40 219B 0.23 0.48 81 0.30 0.40 20
表1和2的结果显示,使用实施例2-5,7-9和对比实施例5A-5E的溶液制得的带光致变色涂层的透镜具有可接受的微观硬度。在表3中,除了用对比实施例5A-5E的溶液制得的那些透镜以外的所有透镜显示出了在85°F(29℃)下的可接受光致变色性能,即在16秒之后ΔOD至少为0.12,和在5分钟之后至少为0.30,变白速率(T1/2)低于60秒。对比实施例5A-5E是通过使用前述的现有技术(US专利4 899 413和日本专利申请3-269507和5-28753)中公开的多元醇和二醇作为多元醇来制备的。
表4和5的结果显示,只有使用实施例6A-6G的溶液制得的带光致变色涂层的透镜具有在50-150牛顿/毫米2范围内的微观硬度和具有对于72°F(22℃)和95°F(35℃)测得的可接受的光致变色性能结果,即对于变白速率低于200秒的情况,在30秒之后ΔOD至少为0.15,在30分钟之后至少为0.44,和对于变白速率低于45秒的情况,在30秒之后ΔOD至少为0.25,在15分钟之后至少为0.35。对比实施例1-4是通过使用组合物D的聚丙烯酸系多元醇与QO POLYMEG 1000二醇的这样的重量比来制备,该重量比不会得到体现出所需费歇尔微观硬度和/或光致变色性能的涂层透镜。在表6中,所有带光致变色涂层的透镜-对比实施例5A-5E的除外-具有可接受的光致变色性能结果,当在72°F(22℃)和95°F(35℃)下测试时。
虽然本发明已参考具体的实施方案的特定细节进行了描述,但不应认为这些细节是对本发明范围的限制,其范围至少包括在所附的权利要求书中。
Claims (27)
1、一种制品,它结合包括基材和在该基材至少一个表面上的光致变色聚氨酯涂层,该聚氨酯涂料层具有在50-150牛顿/毫米2之间的费歇尔微观硬度并显示出在30秒之后72°FΔOD至少为0.15,在30分钟之后至少为0.44,和变白速率低于200秒。
2、权利要求1的制品,其中该涂料层的费歇尔微观硬度是100-130牛顿/毫米2,在30秒之后ΔOD至少为0.18,在30分钟之后至少为0.46,且变白速率低于150秒。
3、根据权利要求1的制品,其中聚氨酯涂料是从包括以下的组分制得:
(a)一种有机多元醇;和
(b)一种异氰酸酯,异氰酸酯组分中的NCO基团与有机多元醇组分中的OH基团的当量比是0.3∶1-3∶1。
4、权利要求3的制品,其中有机多元醇选自低分子量多元醇,聚酯多元醇,聚醚多元醇,含酰胺的多元醇,聚丙烯酸系多元醇,环氧化多元醇,多羟基聚乙烯醇,脲烷多元醇和此类多元醇的混合物。
5、权利要求3的制品,其中有机多元醇是以下组分的混合物:
(a)形成硬链段用的有机多元醇;和
(b)形成软链段用的有机多元醇。
6、权利要求5的制品,其中形成硬链段用的多元醇选自聚丙烯酸系多元醇,低分子量多元醇和此类多元醇的混合物。
7、权利要求6的制品,其中该聚丙烯酸系多元醇是羟基官能化的烯属不饱和单体和其它烯属不饱和单体的共聚物,该其它烯属不饱和单体选自乙烯基芳族单体,乙烯基脂族单体,(甲基)丙烯酸的烷基酯,环氧基官能化单体,羧基官能化单体类,以及此类烯属不饱和单体的混合物。
8、权利要求5的制品,其中形成软链段用的多元醇选自聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇和此类多元醇的混合物。
9、权利要求8的制品,其中聚醚多元醇选自数均分子量等于或大约1000的聚氧化烯多元醇,具有大约30个乙氧基的双酚A,数均分子量为1000的聚(氧化四亚甲基)二醇及其混合物。
10、权利要求3的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分选自脂族异氰酸酯,芳族异氰酸酯,环脂族异氰酸酯,杂环异氰酸酯及其混合物。
11、权利要求3的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分中的NCO基团与多元醇组分中的OH基团的当量比是1.1∶1-1.3∶1。
12、权利要求10的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分是封闭的或改性的异氰酸酯。
13、权利要求12的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分选自脂族异氰酸酯,环脂族异氰酸酯及其混合物。
14、权利要求13的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分选自六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,亚乙基二异氰酸酯,十二烷-1,12-二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯及其混合物。
15、权利要求14的制品,其中异氰酸酯组分是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的被封闭的异氰脲酸酯。
16、权利要求15的制品,其中封闭的异氰脲酸酯是用选自苯酚、甲苯酚、壬基苯酚、ε-己内酰胺和甲基乙基酮肟的封闭用化合物加以封闭的。
17、权利要求1的制品,其中光致变色化合物选自萘并吡喃,苯并吡喃,菲并吡喃,茚并萘并吡喃,螺(苯并二氢吲哚)萘并吡喃,螺(二氢吲哚)苯并吡喃螺(二氢吲哚)萘并吡喃,螺(二氢吲哚)喹啉并吡喃,螺(二氢吲哚)吡喃,螺(二氢吲哚)萘并噁嗪,螺(二氢吲哚)吡啶并苯并噁嗪,螺(苯并二氢吲哚)吡啶并苯并噁嗪,螺(苯并二氢吲哚)萘并噁嗪,螺(二氢吲哚)苯并噁嗪,苯并吡喃,有机-金属双硫腙盐,和俘精酸酐和俘精酰亚胺,以及此类化合物的混合物。
18、权利要求1的制品,其中底涂层介于基材和聚氨酯涂层之间。
19、权利要求18的制品,其中底涂层是非着色硬涂层。
20、权利要求1的制品,其中聚氨酯涂层具有5-200微米的厚度。
21、权利要求20的制品,其中聚氨酯涂层具有10-40微米的厚度。
22、权利要求1的制品,其中基材选自纸张、玻璃、陶瓷、木材、砖石材、纺织品、金属和有机聚合物材料。
23、权利要求22的制品,其中有机聚合物材料选自:聚(甲基丙烯酸C1-C12烷基酯),聚(氧化烯二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯),聚(甲基丙烯酸烷氧基化苯酚酯),乙酸纤维素,三乙酸纤维素,丙酸乙酸纤维素,丁酸乙酸纤维素,聚(乙酸乙烯酯),聚(乙烯醇),聚氯乙烯,聚(偏二氯乙烯),热塑性聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚氨酯,聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),聚苯乙烯,聚(α-甲基苯乙烯),共聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯),共聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈),聚乙烯醇缩丁醛以及以下单体的聚合物:双(烯丙基碳酸酯)单体,多官能化丙烯酸酯单体,多官能化甲基丙烯酸酯单体,二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯单体,二异丙烯基苯单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙氧基化双酚A酯单体,双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯单体,双甲基丙烯酸(聚乙二醇)酯单体,双甲基丙烯酸乙氧基化苯酚酯单体,多丙烯酸烷氧基化多羟基醇酯单体,苯乙烯单体,脲烷丙烯酸酯单体,丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯单体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯单体以及二亚烯丙基季戊四醇单体。
24、权利要求23的制品,其中聚合物有机材料是选自如下这些的固体透明聚合物:聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯),聚(双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯),聚(二甲基丙烯酸乙氧基化双酚A酯),热塑性聚碳酸酯,聚(乙酸乙烯酯),聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚氨酯以及下述单体的聚合物:二甘醇双(烯丙基碳酸酯)单体,二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯单体,双甲基丙烯酸乙氧基化苯酚酯单体,二异丙烯基苯单体和乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯单体。
25、权利要求24的制品,其中基材是光学元件。
26、权利要求25的制品,其中光学元件是透镜。
27、权利要求26的制品,其中透镜的折光指数是1.48-1.75。
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- 1998-02-10 EP EP98908513A patent/EP0963390B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 BR BR9807733A patent/BR9807733A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1998-02-10 CN CN98803608A patent/CN1251116A/zh active Pending
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- 1998-02-10 DE DE1998614050 patent/DE69814050T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1998-02-10 IL IL13148398A patent/IL131483A0/xx unknown
- 1998-02-10 ES ES98908513T patent/ES2198698T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 HU HU0001995A patent/HUP0001995A3/hu unknown
- 1998-02-18 CO CO98008482A patent/CO4970760A1/es unknown
- 1998-02-20 TW TW87102449A patent/TW470702B/zh active
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Cited By (12)
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CN1294230C (zh) * | 2003-12-11 | 2007-01-10 | 同济大学 | 一种聚氨酯复合光变色材料及制备方法 |
CN103955116A (zh) * | 2004-07-16 | 2014-07-30 | 光学转变公司 | 生产光敏性微粒的方法 |
CN103955116B (zh) * | 2004-07-16 | 2017-11-17 | 光学转变公司 | 生产光敏性微粒的方法 |
CN102317336A (zh) * | 2009-02-12 | 2012-01-11 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 作为可印刷配制剂的光聚合物组合物 |
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CN106433608A (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏明月光电科技有限公司 | 一种光致变色组合物及其光学制品 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW470702B (en) | 2002-01-01 |
DE69814050D1 (de) | 2003-06-05 |
JP3833268B2 (ja) | 2006-10-11 |
JP2001512516A (ja) | 2001-08-21 |
ES2198698T3 (es) | 2004-02-01 |
EP0963390A1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
AU718471B2 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
BR9807733A (pt) | 2001-09-11 |
CA2281495C (en) | 2003-10-07 |
WO1998037115A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
IL131483A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
KR20000075550A (ko) | 2000-12-15 |
HUP0001995A3 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
CA2281495A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
AU6652998A (en) | 1998-09-09 |
CO4970760A1 (es) | 2000-11-07 |
EP0963390B1 (en) | 2003-05-02 |
US6187444B1 (en) | 2001-02-13 |
DE69814050T2 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
HUP0001995A2 (hu) | 2000-10-28 |
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