CN1243005C - 制备紫杉烷衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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Abstract
本发明公开了制备化合物13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酸基)-14β-羟基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备通式(I)
化合物13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酸基)-14β-羟基巴卡丁(baccatine)III-1,14-碳酸酯的方法。
背景技术
在PCT WO01/02407中公开的化合物(I)对乳腺、肺、卵巢、结肠、前列腺、肾和胰腺肿瘤特别有活性,对于对已知的抗肿瘤药物如阿霉素、长春碱和一些铂衍生物具耐药性的细胞也特别有活性。如EP559019中所公开的,14β-羟基-1,14碳酸酯-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III衍生物通常是从前体14β-羟基-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III开始制备的,所述前体是通过提取喜马拉雅红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana)叶可少量获取的一种天然化合物。因此特别需要简单而有效的制备14β-羟基-1,14-碳酸酯-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III衍生物,特别是化合物(I)的替代方法。
根据本发明的方法采用10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III作为起始物质,其与14β-羟基-巴卡丁III相反,可以容易地从欧洲红豆杉(Taxus baccata)叶中大量地回收。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及制备通式(I)化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)保护10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III的7位和10位羟基:
其中R和R1可以相同或不同,选自氢、C1-C10烷基或芳基、C1-C10烷基-或芳基-羰基、三氯乙酰基、C1-C4三烷基甲硅烷基;优选地,当R和R1相同时,它们为三氯乙酰基,而当它们不同时,优选R为三氯乙酰基并且R1为乙酰基,或R为三乙基或三甲基甲硅烷基或BOC并且R1为乙酰基;
b)经过两步氧化得到13位被氧化为羰基并且14位被羟化的衍生物:
c)将1位和14位的邻位羟基碳酸酯化以得到1,14-碳酸酯衍生物:
d)将13位的羰基还原:
e)除去7位和10位的保护基团:
f)对10位羟基进行选择性的乙酰化:
g)将14β-羟基-1,14-碳酸酯-巴卡丁III转化为7位被三乙基硅烷化的衍生物:
h)使步骤g)的化合物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-羧酸反应:
i)从步骤h)的化合物中除去保护基三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基苯亚甲基:
Holton等人在“Tetrahedron Letters39,1998:2883-2886”中描述了7位和10位羟基的选择性保护的方法。由于起始化合物脱乙酰基巴卡丁III的羟基的反应性不同,所以可能对它们进行选择性保护。具体地,已发现起始化合物的各羟基对酰化、烷基化或甲硅烷基化剂的反应性按以下顺序变化:C(7)-OH>C(10)-OH>C(13)-OH>C(1)-OH,因此可以选择性地保护7位和10位的基团同时保持1位和13位的羟基游离。此外,通过改变反应条件可能颠倒7位和10位羟基的反应性顺序,从而可以对它们进行差异取代。以上所引用的出版物中报道了可用于保护7位和10位羟基的反应物和反应条件的实例。从14β-羟基巴卡丁-1,14-碳酸酯开始反应也可以获得类似的选择性。
根据一个优选的实施方案,脱乙酰基巴卡丁III在三乙胺存在的情况下在二氯甲烷中与三氯乙酰氯反应,并且反应中使用起催化作用的量的二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)。已证明:保护基团三氯乙酰基的使用在随后的氧化、羧化和还原步骤(分别为(b)、(c)、(d))中是非常有利的。具体地,以定量的产量得自起始产品的7,10-双-三氯乙酸酯衍生物可以被氧化、碳酸酯化、然后容易地在13位上被还原并同时脱去三氯乙酰保护基团,生成14-羟基-1,14-碳酸酯-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III。考虑到迄今这种底物的酰化是在吡啶中进行的,其涉及残留溶剂处理的问题,所以从工业和环境的角度出发,使用起催化作用的量的DMAP具有明显的优点。
13位羟基的氧化步骤(b)是在选自乙腈、丙酮或乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷9∶1混合物的溶剂中、在剧烈搅拌下用二氧化锰或二氧化铋或臭氧进行的,优选在乙腈或丙酮中用臭氧或二氧化锰进行反应。使用臭氧的反应迅速地生成13位被氧化的衍生物,而如果使用二氧化锰,则反应迅速地进行,生成可从反应介质中回收的13位被氧化的衍生物,而生成13位被氧化和14位被羟化的衍生物的反应时间较长。
随后的1位和14位羟基的碳酸酯化步骤(c)通常是在吡啶存在的情况下,用光气或在二氯甲烷/甲苯混合物中完成。随后,可以容易地将得到的1,14-碳酸酯衍生物的13位还原以生成相应的13-羟基衍生物(步骤(d))。所述的还原反应区域选择性地在13位的羰基上发生,而9位羰基保持不变。通常用甲醇中的硼氢化钠或用硼氢化四丁基铵进行反应并提供高的产量。随后的步骤(e)将7位和10位的羟基脱保护以得到14β-羟基-1,14-碳酸酯脱乙酰基巴卡丁III。Zheng等人在“Tetrahedron Lett.,1995,36,2001”中、Datta等人在“J.Org.Chem.,1995,60.761.”中描述了可用于7位和10位羟基的选择性脱保护的条件和反应物。
10位的选择性乙酰化反应(步骤(f))是在铈、钪或镱盐优选CeCl3.7H2O存在的情况下用乙酸酐进行反应的。然后,通过甲硅烷基化(步骤(g))保护7位的羟基。随后的步骤(h)涉及14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯-巴卡丁III和(4R,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-羧酸的缩合。后者按照如PCT WO01/02407中所述的方法制备。反应是在干燥的非极性有机溶剂中、在碱和缩合剂如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在的情况下进行的。
最后,在步骤(i)中,在乙腈/吡啶溶液中在氮气环境下用氟化吡啶鎓可以除去三乙基甲硅烷基,而通过加入甲醇/HCl随后加入NaHCO3,可在二氯甲烷中除去二甲氧基苯亚甲基基团。
以下实施例更加详细地阐明了本发明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
7,10-双三氯乙酰基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III的制备
备选方案1
将4.77ml三氯乙酸酐(42.32mmoles)逐滴加入到10g10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III(18.4mmoles)在125ml干燥的二氯甲烷和42ml吡啶的溶液中。将反应混合物搅拌3小时或搅拌至反应完成。反应的完成是通过TLC用正己烷/乙酸乙酯1∶1混合物作为洗脱剂在硅胶板上监测的。反应完成后,加入5ml甲醇以破坏过量的三氯乙酸酐,然后加入水。使用经盐酸酸化的水充分地洗涤有机相以除去吡啶,而将残余的有机相用MgSO4干燥并在真空下将其浓缩至干燥,获得浅黄色的固体(17g),所述固体从氯仿中结晶后具有:
[α]D-34°(CH2Cl2C5.8)IR(KBr)3517,1771,1728,1240.981,819,787,675em-1;
1H-NMR(200MH):δ8.11(Bz C),7.46(Bz,BB′),6.50(s,H-10),5.72(m,H-7H-29),5.02(d,J=8Hz,H-5),4.95(8m,H-13),4.37(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.18(d,J=8Hz,H-20b),4.02(d,J=6Hz,H-3),2.32(s,4-Ac),2.22(s,H-18),1.91(s,H-19),1.25和1.11(s,H-16,H-17),1.94(m,H14α),1.89(m,H14β).
备选方案2
将10-DABIII(10g,18.38mmol)悬浮于CH2Cl2(120ml)中,加入DMAP(220mg,1.4mmol,0.1当量.)并将混合物在冰浴中冷却至0℃。然后在氮气流下、保持温度低于10℃、于5分钟内先加入Et3N(10.26ml,73.6mmol,4当量),之后立即加入Cl3CCOCl(4.12ml,36.8mmol,2当量)。加入完成后,将混合物置于冰浴上在搅拌状态下放置15分钟,然后除去冰浴,将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。1小时后用TLC(乙酸乙酯/正己烷2∶3,10-DAB III的Rf值为0.05,7,10-双三氯乙酰基-10-DAB III的Rf值为0.26)监测反应并加入Cl3CCOCl(1ml,0.5当量)。在室温下持续搅拌10分钟,然后将混合物倒入含有160g碎冰的烧杯中,在室温下搅拌直至达平衡(约1小时)。在那之后,将水相分离并用二氯甲烷(3×40ml)萃取。用1N的HCl(20ml)然后用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20ml)洗涤合并的有机相,用Na2SO4干燥并将溶剂蒸除。粗品重:16.5g。用氯仿结晶后,产物的IR,1H-NMR和[α]D谱与用吡啶和三氯乙酸酐得到的化合物的IR,1H-NMR和[α]D谱相一致。
实施例2
10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III-7,10-双三氯乙酸酯的13位的氧化和14位
的羟化
向10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III 7,10-双三氯乙酸酯(3g)在乙腈(40ml)的溶液中加30g活化的MnO2,将悬浮液在室温下磁力搅拌并用TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯5∶5,起始物质的Rf值约为0.31)监测反应。约1小时后,完成13-脱氢衍生物的形成(TLC分析,13-脱氢衍生物的Rf值约为0.50)。然后持续搅拌约72小时,期间13-脱氢衍生物被缓慢地氧化为其14β-羟基衍生物(Rf值约为0.36)。用硅藻土过滤反应混合物,并用乙酸乙酯反复地洗涤滤饼。将溶剂蒸除,并用柱色谱法在硅胶柱(100ml,洗脱液:石油醚/乙酸乙酯7∶3)上纯化残余物,提供170mg 13-脱氢衍生物和1.05g 14β-羟基-13-脱氢衍生物。
13-脱氢-14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III-7,10-双三氯乙酸酯:白色粉末,mp97℃;IR(KBr片):3440.1780.1767,1736,1686,1267,1232,1103,1010.854cm-1;
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ8.07(BzAA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.49(Bz,BB′),6.52(s,H-10),5.92(d,J=6.7Hz,H-2),5.70(brt,J=8.0Hz,H-7),4.95(brd,J=8.2Hz,H-5),4.37(d,J=8.2Hz,H-20a),4.31(d,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),4.17(s,H14),4.02(d,J=6.7Hz,H-3),2.71(m,H-6),2.29(s,OAc),2.17(s,OAc),1.96(s,H-18),1.27,1.01(s,H-16,H-17和H-19).
实施例3
7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III的13位的氧化和14位的羟化
向7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III(1.0g)在乙腈(10ml)的溶液中加入10g活化的MnO2,悬浮液在室温下进行磁力搅拌并用TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯6∶4;起始物质的Rf值约为0.25)监测反应。约2小时后,完成13-脱氢衍生物的形成(TLC分析,13-脱氢衍生物的Rf值约为0.45)。持续搅拌约188小时,期间加入额外的MnO2(10g)。13-脱氢衍生物被缓慢地氧化为其14β-羟基衍生物(Rf值约为0.38)。用硅藻土过滤反应混合物,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼。将溶剂蒸除,并用柱色谱法在硅胶柱(40ml,洗脱液:石油醚/乙酸乙酯7∶3)上纯化残余物,提供126mg 13-脱氢衍生物和479mg(46%)14β-羟基-13-脱氢衍生物和189mg它们的混合物。
13-脱氢-7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III:白色粉末,
mp168℃[α]D 25-35(CH2Cl2,C0.67)IR(KBr)3488,1726,1711,1676,1373,1269,1244,1230.1105cm-1;1H-NMR(200MH CDCl3):δ8.07(BzAA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.49(Bz,BB′),6.59(s,H-10),5.69(d,J=6.9Hz,H-2),4.92(d,J=8.2Hz,H-5),4.48(dd,J=10.6Hz,H-7),4.33(d,J=8.0Hz,H-20a),4.12(d,J=8.0Hz,H-20b),3.91,(d,J=6.9Hz,H-3),2.96(d,J=20Hz,H-14a),2.65(d,J=20Hz,H-20b),2.50(m,H-6α),2.23(s,OAc),2.19(s,OAc+H-18),1.67,1.28,1.19(s,H-16,H-17和H-19),0.19(m,TES).
13-脱氢-14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III,7,10-双三氯乙酸酯:白色粉末,mp153℃[α]D 25+20(CH2Cl2,C0.75)IR(KBr)3431,1723,1692,1371,1269,1242,1223,1096cm-1;1H-NMR(500MH CDCl3):δ8.06(Bz AA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.48(Bz,BB′),6.51(s,H-10),5.88(d,J=6.9Hz,H-2),4.90(d,J=8.2Hz,H-5),4.47(dd,J=10.67Hz,H-7),4.30(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.28(d,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),4.13(br d,J=2Hz,H-14),3.84(d,J=6.9Hz,H-3),3.69(br d,J=2Hz,14-OH),3.62(s,1-OH),2.52(m,H-6α),2.24(s,OAc),2.21(s,OAc),2.11(s,H-18),1.92(m,H-6β),1.74,1.56,1.28(s,-h-16,H-17和H-19),0.94(m,TES),0.59(m,TES).HRNS:714.3092(针对C37H50O12Si的计算值714.3092)。
实施例4
1,14-碳酸酯-13-脱氢-7-TES-14β-羟基-巴卡丁III的制备
在5分钟内向光气(1.8ml于甲苯中的20%溶液,3.4mmol,20摩尔当量)和吡啶(0.56ml,6.8mmol,20摩尔当量)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的溶液中逐滴加入13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III(124mg,1.17mmol)在二氯甲烷(1ml)中的溶液。在室温下将混合物搅拌1小时,随后通过加入NaHCO3饱和溶液淬灭过量的光气并用二氯甲烷萃取。用NaHCO3饱和溶液、盐水洗涤有机相并将其干燥(Na2SO4)。将溶剂蒸除,得到红色残余物,将残余物在短硅胶柱(约5ml,洗脱液:己烷/乙酸乙酯8∶2)上纯化,提供118mg(92%)碳酸酯化合物。如果使用三乙胺作为碱在非反向加入的情况下进行反应,则得到1,14-碳酸酯和2-脱苄氧基-1,2-碳酸酯-14-苯甲酸酯(约1∶15)的混合物。
13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯:白色粉末,mp 153℃[α]D 25+23(CH2Cl2,C0.75)OH的IR(KBr)带
1834,1734,1709,1373,1242,1225,1088,1057cm-1;1H-NMR(200MH CDCl3):β7.99(Bz AA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.48(Bz,BB′),6.51(s,H-10),6.12(d,J=6.9Hz,H-2),4.90(d,J=8.2Hz,H-5),4.78(s,H-14),4.44(dd,J=10.7Hz,H-7),4.34(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.19(d,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),3.80(d,J=6.9Hz,H-3),2.50(m,H-6α),2.23(s,OAc),2.22(s,OAc),2.19(s,H-18),1.92(m,H-6β),1.72,1.39,1.26(s,-H-16,H-17和H-19),0.90(m,TES),0.56(m,TES).HRNS:740.2851(针对C38H48O13Si的计算值740.2864)。
13-脱氢-14β-羟基巴卡丁III 1,14-碳酸酯:白色粉末,mp240℃[α]D 25-2.5(CH2Cl2,C0.4)IR(KBr)3539,1831,1736,1240,1088,1068,1057,1024cm-1;1H-NMR(200MH CDCl3):δ7.98(Bz AA′),7.61(Bz,C),7.50(Bz,BB′),6.39(s,H-10),6.14(d,J=6.9Hz,H-2),4.98(d,J=8.2Hz,H-5),4.80(s,H-14),4.43(dd,J=10.7Hz,H-7),4.35(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.24(d,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),3.80(d,J=6.9Hz,H-3),2.50(m,H-6α),2.30(s,OAc),2.20(s,OAc),2.15(s,H-18),1.90(m,H-6β),1.74,1.34,1.25(s,H-16,H-17和H-19),HRNS:626.2005(针对C33H34O1的计算值626.1999)。
实施例5
1,14-碳酸酯-7-0-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III的制备
向13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III 1,14-碳酸酯(50mg)在甲醇(5ml)中的溶液中,分小份加入过量的NaBH4(约20mg)。30分钟后,于反应混合物中加入饱和NH4Cl溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用盐水洗涤并用Na2SO4干燥。将溶剂蒸除并用柱色谱法在硅胶柱(约5ml,用己烷/乙酸乙酯8∶2洗脱)上纯化残余物,提供35mg 13α-羟基衍生物和9mg 13β-羟基衍生物。
14β-羟基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯[α]D 25-35(CH2Cl2,C0.60)IR(KBr)3054,1819,1736,1603,1371,1261,1238,1090.1069,cm-1;1H-NMR(200MH CDCl3):δ8.06(Bz AA′),7.65(Bz,C),7.50(Bz,BB′),6.47(s,H-10),6.12(d,J=6.9Hz,H-2),5.05(brd,J=5.5Hz,H-13),4.98(brd,J=9Hz,H-5),4.83(d,J=5Hz,H-14),4.50(dd,J=10.7Hz,H-7),4.34(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.23(d,J=8Hz,H-20b),3.75(d,J=6.9Hz,H-3),2.56(m,H-6α),2.34(s,OAc),2.22(s,OAc),1.78(m,H-6β),1.35(s,H-18),1.75,1.18,0.95(s,-H-16,H-17 and H-19),0.90(m,TES),0.62(m,TES).
14β-羟基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基-13-表巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯:无定形,
[α]D 25-13(CH2Cl2,C0.60)IR(KBr)3630.1825,1734,1603,1375,1262,1091,1071,1049cm-1;1H-NMR(200MH CDCl3):δ8.01(BzAA′),7.63(Bz,C),7.48(Bz,BB′),6.44(s,H-10),6.12(d,J=7.2Hz,H-2),4.90(brd,J=9Hz,H-5),4.81(d,J=8Hz,H-14),4.48(br,J=8,H-13),4.50(dd,J=10.7Hz,H-7),.4.41(d,J=8Hz,H-20a),4.31(d,J=8Hz,H-20b),3.68(d,J=7.2Hz,H-3),2.60(m,H-6α),2.32(s,OAc),2.26(s,H-18),2.21(s,OAc),1.80(m,H-6β),1.72,1.43,1.27(s,-H-16,H-17和H-19),0.93(m,TES),0.61(m,TES).
实施例6
13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7,10双三氯乙酰基-巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯的
制备
在5分钟内,将13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7,10-双三氯乙酰基-巴卡丁III(200mg)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的溶液加入到光气(甲苯中的20%溶液,3.6ml,20当量)和吡啶(1.12ml,20当量)在二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液中。在室温下将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用NaHCO3饱和溶液(3ml)淬灭过量的光气。用二氯甲烷萃取反应混合物,用NaHCO3饱和溶液然后用NaCl饱和溶液洗涤有机部分并用Na2SO4将其干燥。将溶剂蒸除并用柱色谱法在硅胶柱(洗脱液:己烷/乙酸乙酯9∶1)上纯化残余物,提供175mg(89%)碳酸酯化合物。
13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7,10-双三氯乙酰基-巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯:白色无定形固体,IR(KBr)1834,1771,1735,1709,1232,1103,1010,854cm-1.
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.03(BzAA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.50(Bz,BB′),6.52(s,H-10),5.92(d,J=6.7Hz,H-2),5.70(brt,J=8.0Hz,H-7),4.95(br d,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),4.77(s,H-14),4.02(d,J=6.7Hz,H-3),2.71(m,H-6),2.29(s,OAc),1.96(s,H-18),1.27-1.01(m,H-16,H-17,H-19).
实施例7
14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III 1,14-碳酸酯的制备
将13-脱氢-14β-羟基-7,10-双三氯乙酰基-巴卡丁III 1,14-碳酸酯(500mg)在甲醇(8ml)中的溶液在冰浴中冷却至0℃并在5分钟内加入固体NaBH4(44mg)。在室温下将混合物搅拌1小时,然后冷却至0℃,在5分钟内加入丙酮(2ml)并在适度的真空下将混合物浓缩,然后加入乙酸乙酯(10ml)并用硅藻土过滤。用NaCl饱和溶液洗涤澄清的溶液并用Na2SO4将其干燥。将溶剂蒸除,用柱色谱法在硅胶柱(洗脱液:己烷/乙酸乙酯1∶1)上纯化残余物(C13差向异构体的混合物4.5∶1),提供251mg标题化合物和55mg脱保护的碳酸酯的13-差向异构体(总重的88%)。
14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯:白色无定形固体。IR(KBr):3520(OH),1834,1709,1232,1103,1010,854cm-1.
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.03(BzAA′),7.60(Bz,C),7.50(Bz,BB′),6.27(s,H-10),5.92(d,J=6.7Hz,H-2),4.95(brd,J=8.2Hz,H-20b),4.85(m,H-13),4.77(s,H-14),4.42(br t,J=8.0Hz,H-7),4.02(d,J=6.710Hz,H-3),2.71(m,H-6),2.29(s,OAc),1.96(s,H-18),1.27-1.01(m,H-16,H-17,H-19).
实施例8
13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酸基)-14β-羟基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯
的制备
向14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III1,14-碳酸酯(126mg)在3ml干燥的四氢呋喃中的溶液中,加入7.5mgCeCl3.7H2O和0.078ml乙酸酐。在室温下将反应混合物搅拌5小时,期间反应混合物成为均质。加入1.5g冰,持续搅拌1小时。使有机溶剂在真空条件下蒸发并将残余物用5ml水稀释。将形成的沉淀过滤并通过抽吸18小时使其干燥。得到的产物(白色粉末,135mg)具有以下特征:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCL2).δppm=1.25,1.11(s,H-16 and H-17),1.66(s,H-19),2.04(s,H-18),2.22(s,OAc),2.29(s,OAc),3.89(d,J=0.9Hz,H-3),4.06(d,J=7Hz,C20b),4.20(d,J=7Hz,H20a),4.41(m,H-7),4.77(d,J=4Hz,H-14),4.85(br d,J=4Hz,H-13),4.97(br d,J=8Hz,H-5),5.8(d,J=7Hz,H-2),6.31(s,H-10),7.44(t,J(Hz,Bz),7.55(d,J=8Hz,Bz),8.07(d,J=8Hz,Bz).
将14β-羟基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯(130mg)溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(4ml)中并加入N-甲基咪唑(0.07ml)。在室温、剧烈的搅拌下,于1小时内向上述溶液中加入三乙基氯硅烷(0.042ml),然后将混合物倒入10ml剧烈搅拌的水中。将悬浮液于4℃下放置18小时,滤出所生成的白色沉淀并用水(5ml)然后用己烷(2×3ml)洗涤。得到的白色固体物质(150mg)具有与实施例5中制备的化合物相同的光谱特征。
将20g 14β-羟基-7-Tes-1,14-碳酸酯-巴卡丁III和300ml严格干燥的甲苯一起放置于1升的圆底烧瓶中,然后加入溶解于二氯甲烷中的10g(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-羧酸、2gN,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)和9.5g二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)。将反应混合物回流3小时,然后使其冷却并除去沉淀的ureic产物。用NaHCO3饱和溶液洗涤母液以除去未反应的酸,然后用稀盐酸洗涤以除去DMAP,然后再用NaHCO3调节pH至中性。将有机相浓缩直至干燥,获得41.5g产品,该产品能够就此在随后的步骤中使用。
在两个步骤中即通过先除去Tes然后除去2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛使40g的这种化合物脱保护。在氮气环境下将40g这种化合物溶解于100ml乙腈/吡啶混合物(80∶100)中并将混合物冷却至0℃,然后加入13ml氟化吡啶鎓并将混合物在搅拌状态下放置24小时。将溶液倒入2升水中,将产品过滤并在真空下干燥。
将残余物溶解于60ml二氯甲烷中,在0℃下剧烈搅拌该溶液并加入40ml 0.6N的甲醇/HCl。将反应混合物于搅拌状态下放置2小时。然后用150ml二氯甲烷稀释并搅动加入NaHCO3溶液将pH值调至6-7。将有机相浓缩直至干燥,用丙酮/己烷将残余物结晶并使之干燥,获得16g具有以下物理-化学和光谱特征的13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酸基)-14β-羟基巴卡丁-1,14-碳酸酯:
分子式:C44H57NO17
性状:白色粉末
熔点:245℃
表1:在CDCl3溶液中的1H-NMR化学位移(ppm)(200MHz)
H Ppm,峰裂数 (Hz) | H Ppm,峰裂数 (Hz) |
2 6.09-d(7.8)3 3.68-d(7.4)5 4.91-dd(9.7;2.5)6α 2.52-ddd(14.8;9.8;6.9)6β 1.86-m7 4.37-m10 6.25-s13 6.44-d(宽,6.9)14 4.84-d(6.9)16 1.25-s17 1.32-s18 1.87-d(1.6)19 1.69-s20α 4.27-d(8.4)20β 4.20-d(8.4) | 2′ 4.30-dd(6.4;3.2)3′ 4.08-m4′a 1.21-m4′b 1.43-m5′ 1.65-m6′ 0.96-d(6.3)7′ 0.95-d(6.3)4-OCOC H 3 2.40-s10-OCOC H 3 2.22-sBoc 1.35-s邻苯甲酰基 8.01-m间苯甲酰基 7.46-m对苯甲酰基 7.58-m3′-NH 4.72-d(9.0) |
表2:在CDCl3溶液中的13C-NMR化学位移(ppm)(50.308MHz)
C ppm,峰裂数 | C ppm,峰裂数 |
9 201.8-s1′ 172.6-s4-O COCH3 170.5-s10-O COCH3 170.2-s2- COPh 164.3-sC=O(3oc) 155.8-sC=O(碳酸酯) 151.4-s12 139.4-s11 133.1-s(Me)3 C(Boc) 80.0-s5 83.8-d1 87.7-s4 80.0-s2 69.0-d20 75.5-t2′ 73.3-d7 71.2-d10 74.3-d13 74.1-d14 79.1-d | 8 58.2-s3′ 51.2-d3 44.6-d15 41.3-s4′ 39.9-t6 34.9-t( CH3)3CBoc 27.7-q17 25.5-q16 22.6-q4-OCO CH3 22.0-q10-OCO CH3 20.2-q5′ 24.3-d6′ 22.7-q7′ 21.6-q18 14.6-q19 9.8-qq-苯甲酰基 127.5-s邻苯甲酰基 129.5-d间苯甲酰基 128.6-d对苯甲酰基 133.7-d |
质谱:(NH3,DEP/CI,正离子):(m/z)889[(MNH4)+],832[(MNH4-(CH3)3C)+],772[(MNH4-BocNH2)+]
(NH3,DEP/CI,负离子):(m/z)871(M-),260(侧链)
红外光谱(KBr压片):3521,3321,2971,2953,1826,1762,1706,1526,1366,1238,1165,1072,723cm-1
UV谱(MeOH):231,276和284nm;
-231nm处E1%=180.99
-276nm处E1%=14.094
-284nm处E1%=12.182
Claims (11)
1.制备通式(I)
化合物13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基异丝氨酸基)-14β-羟基巴卡丁III-1,14-碳酸酯的方法,其包含:
a)保护10-脱乙酰基巴卡丁III的7位和10位羟基:
其中R和R1可以相同或不同,选自氢、C1-C10烷基或芳基、C1-C10烷基-羰基或芳基-羰基、三氯乙酰基、C1-C4三烷基甲硅烷基;
b)经过两步氧化得到13位被氧化为羰基并且14位被羟化的衍生物:
c)将1位和14位的邻位羟基碳酸酯化以得到1,14-碳酸酯衍生物:
d)将13位的羰基还原:
e)除去7位和10位的保护基:
f)对10位羟基进行选择性的乙酰化:
g)将14β-羟基-巴卡丁-1,14-碳酸酯III转化为7位被三乙基甲硅烷基化的衍生物:
h)使步骤g)的化合物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-羧酸反应:
i)从步骤h)的化合物中除去保护基三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基苯亚甲基:
2.权利要求1的方法,其中R=R1=三氯乙酰基。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中R和R1不同,R为三氯乙酰基并且R1为乙酰基,或者R为三乙基或三甲基甲硅烷基并且R1为乙酰基。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中7位和10位羟基的脱保护步骤(a)是在三乙胺和起催化作用的量的二甲基氨基吡啶存在的情况下在二氯甲烷中用三氯乙酰氯进行反应的。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中13位羟基的氧化和14位的羟化步骤(b)是在选自乙腈、丙酮或乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷的混合物的溶剂中用二氧化锰或二氧化铋或臭氧进行反应的。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中1位和14位羟基的碳酸酯化步骤(c)是在吡啶存在的情况下,用光气在二氯甲烷/甲苯混合物中进行反应的。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中还原为13位羟基的步骤d)是在甲醇中用硼氢化钠进行反应的。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中10位羟基的乙酰化步骤f)是用乙酰氯进行反应的。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中甲硅烷基化步骤g)是用三乙基氯硅烷进行反应的。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中反应步骤h)是在碱和缩合剂二环己基碳二亚胺存在的情况下在干燥的非极性有机溶剂中进行的。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤i)中,三乙基甲硅烷基保护基团是在乙腈/吡啶溶液中、在氮气环境下用氟化吡啶鎓除去的,而二甲氧基苯亚甲基保护基是在二氯甲烷溶剂中通过加入甲醇HCl和随后加入NaHCO3除去的。
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