CN1212984A - 具有阻隔性的无溶剂层压粘合剂 - Google Patents

具有阻隔性的无溶剂层压粘合剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1212984A
CN1212984A CN98119608A CN98119608A CN1212984A CN 1212984 A CN1212984 A CN 1212984A CN 98119608 A CN98119608 A CN 98119608A CN 98119608 A CN98119608 A CN 98119608A CN 1212984 A CN1212984 A CN 1212984A
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Prior art keywords
polyester
described polyester
fusing point
diisocyanate
nco
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CN98119608A
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CN1090219C (zh
Inventor
陈迈
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Roman Haas chemical Limited Liability Company
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Morton International LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09J175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
    • C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
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    • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
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Abstract

A)由单种线型脂族二元醇和单种二元羧酸形成的低分子量聚酯与B)单种二异氰酸酯反应形成具有极好氧气和湿气阻隔性的无溶剂聚氨酯粘合剂层。

Description

具有阻隔性的无溶剂层压粘合剂
本发明涉及用于粘合聚合物薄膜的层压粘合剂，特别是用于制备食品、药品等所用的聚合物薄膜层压制品的层压粘合剂。层压粘合剂“无溶剂”是指不含水和不含有机溶剂。这种粘合剂提供极好的氧气和湿气阻隔性。
氧气、湿气和其它气体会使许多食品和药品降解。用于食品包装和药品包装等的许多聚合物薄膜具有相当的氧气和湿气渗透性。为了提高阻隔性，可以用高阻隔性的粘合剂层将聚合物薄膜粘合在一起形成层压制品。
目前，阻隔性层压粘合剂主要是含水或含溶剂的聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)制剂。如果该溶液含水，则需消耗能量来蒸发水。有机溶剂型制剂也需要一些能量消耗来除去溶剂。溶剂会造成工作场所和环境的污染。仅用无溶剂层压机的包装人员必须使用预先涂覆了PVDC的薄膜。PVDC中的氯也是一种环境污染物。
另一种高阻隔性材料是乙烯乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)，它一般用于水基粘合剂配方。虽然EVOH不含氯，但配方中的水意味着能量消耗。EVOH具有高的熔融温度，即超过150℃。在这样高的熔融温度下，大多数聚合物薄膜也会熔化，因此EVOH不能用于无溶剂粘合剂。虽然EVOH对氧气和其它气体具有很好的阻隔性，但它对湿气的阻隔性较差。而且EVOH价格较贵。
本发明涉及一种无溶剂聚氨酯层压粘合剂。它对氧气和湿气都有高的阻隔性。大多数市售聚氨酯无溶剂粘合剂具有很差的氧气阻隔性，因为这种聚氨酯粘合剂往往是无定形聚合物。
本发明无溶剂聚氨酯粘合剂含有A)由具有2-10个碳原子(较好为3-6碳原子)的单种线型脂族二醇与单种线型二元羧酸形成的羟基为端基的聚酯与B)单种液态二异氰酸酯的NCO/OH比约为1-1.1的反应产物。聚酯A)在环境温度下是结晶形式，其熔点约为80℃或更低，较好约为70℃或更低，更好约为60℃或更低，最好约为55℃或更低。聚酯的数均分子量(Mn)约为300-5000，较好约为500-2000。因为所得的聚氨酯是由单种的线型二元醇、单种的线型二元羧酸和单种的二异氰酸酯物质形成，所以该聚氨酯具有高的结晶度以及高的氧气和湿气阻隔性。聚酯低的熔点也可使粘合剂能在低温和无溶剂的条件下使用，结果层压的聚合物薄膜不会降解和变形。
以下情况也在本发明的范围内，在某些条件下甚至是优选的，即将聚酯A)的一部分A’)与异氰酸酯B)的全部或其一部分B’)在NCO/OH之比约为2-8的条件下形成氨酯预聚物C)，然后将聚酯A)的其余部分A”)和异氰酸酯B)的其余部分B”)与预聚物C)混合在一起，形成适用于层压粘合剂的粘合剂混合物。在这些情况下，B)(包括B’)和B”))与A)(包括A’)和A”))的NCO/OH之比仍然约为1-1.1。
用于形成聚酯链的优选线型脂族二元醇是C3-C6二元醇，正丁二醇和正己二醇是优选的二元醇。从形成具有良好阻隔性的粘合剂角度来看，两者是易得和经济的。
己二酸是用于形成本发明聚酯的优选二元羧酸，虽然也可使用其它合适的二元羧酸，包括但不限于壬二酸和癸二酸。
目前最优选的聚酯是1,6-己二醇或1,4-丁二醇与己二酸的反应产物。
二元醇与二元羧酸反应形成羟基为端基的聚酯，其羟值约为20-350，较好约为100-250。
优选的二异氰酸酯是脂族二异氰酸酯，特别是线型二异氰酸酯，包括聚合的1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)。
然而，也可使用其它二异氰酸酯，包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二环己基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯。二异氰酸酯一般形成比聚酯部分更少的线型聚氨酯链；因此从形成很高阻隔性的方面来看，对二异氰酸酯的选择是不太重要的，但聚合的HDI在目前是优选的。然而，聚合的HDI是相当贵的材料。如果对阻隔性的要求不高，可以使用较廉价的二异氰酸酯(如MDI)。
本发明所用的二异氰酸酯在环境温度(即20-25℃)下是液体。低分子量的本发明聚酯是高度结晶的，但由于其低的聚酯分子量可在较低的温度熔融。聚酯必须在比环境温度只高一点的低温下熔化，因此可以在比环境温度只高一点的低温下涂覆这种粘合剂，从而可使形成层压制品的聚合物薄膜不会降解和变形。当然，这取决于聚合物薄膜的特定性质，但一般要求聚酯在约80℃以下熔融，对于热敏性更高的薄膜来说甚至更低。
对于使用高速层压机(如600英尺/分(183米/分)或更高)的用途来说，层压温度下二异氰酸酯/聚酯混合物的粘度约为300-2000厘泊，较好约为400-1000厘泊。层压温度较好约为80℃或更低，更好约为70℃或更低，更加好约为60℃或更低，最好约为55℃或更低。因此，为参考起见，视具体用途的不同，上述粘度应能在上述至少一个温度(即80℃、70℃、60℃或55℃)下涂覆。
本发明的粘合剂可用于粘合许多种的聚合物薄膜，包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺和共挤塑薄膜。当然，本发明粘合剂最适用于粘合具有不良阻隔性的薄膜，以提供高阻隔性的层压制品。两片薄膜间的粘合性非常好，用聚氨酯粘合剂形成的层压薄膜不能分开。
两种粘合剂组分一般恰好在层压前，即在层压前的1分钟或更少时间内混合，熔融的聚酯与液体二异氰酸酯混合形成粘合剂混合物组合物。将该粘合剂混合物组合物涂覆在一片聚合物薄膜上，将薄膜夹在一起，将所得的层压薄膜卷成膜卷。涂覆重量一般为1-3磅/令(ream)(1.6-4.9克/米2)，较好约为1.5磅/令(2.4克/米2)。慢的聚氨酯形成反应最适于获得高的阻隔性，层压后，将层压薄膜卷起，然后将薄膜卷在环境温度下放置一段时间，足以让异氰酸酯与聚酯的羟基完全反应。一般至少需要在环境温度下放置一周时间。
以下情形也在本发明的范围内，即将二异氰酸酯与一部分聚酯预先反应，形成低粘度的异氰酸酯为端基的预聚物，然后使剩余的聚酯与预聚物反应，涂覆时NCO/OH之比约为1-1.1。在每种情况下，单种二元醇、二元羧酸和二异氰酸酯较好用来制成高结晶度的粘合剂层，因此可提供对氧气、湿气和其它气体的高阻隔性。如果形成预聚物，形成预聚物时通常使用的NCO/OH之比约为2-8。形成由一部分聚酯与二异氰酸酯预先反应而成的预聚物的主要原因是确保粘合剂混合物组合物在涂覆温度下的粘度不能太低。一般来说，如果使用这种方法，所有的二异氰酸酯会与适当部分的聚酯反应。然而如果只有25％重量的二异氰酸酯与适当部分的聚酯预先反应，也可看到明显的粘度调节。如果需用氨酯预聚物调节粘度，较好使至少50％重量的聚酯预先反应。
聚酯与异氰酸酯反应，不论是聚酯与二异氰酸酯反应，还是氨酯预聚物与聚酯反应，理论上都要求NCO/OH之比等于1。然而，由于聚酯可能含有一些聚酯缩合反应时残余的水，一般使用稍微过量的二异氰酸酯，NCO/OH之比约高达1.1。
现在参照具体实施例对本发明作更详细的说明。
实施例1-5
实施例1：把13重量份聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯(OH#225)与10重量份聚合的HDI混合。按1.6磅/令(2.6克/米2)涂覆重量将该混合物涂覆在1密耳厚(25微米)透明取向的聚丙烯(OPP)薄膜上。在160°F(71℃)夹辊温度下将另一张聚丙烯薄膜层压在涂覆的薄膜上。
实施例2：将26.4重量份聚己二酸1,6-己二醇酯(OH#112)与10重量份HDI多异氰酸酯混合。按2磅/令的涂覆重量将该粘合剂涂覆在1密耳厚的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)薄膜上。在160°F(71℃)夹辊温度下将另一张LDPE薄膜层压在涂覆的薄膜上。
实施例3：将40重量份聚己二酸1,6-己二醇酯(OH#112)与10重量份2,4′-4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)混合。该混合物用于在160°F夹辊温度下层压两张1密耳厚的共挤塑(COEX)薄膜。
对比例4：将40重量份聚己二酸二甘醇酯(OH#112)与10重量份2,4′-4,4-MDI混合，并形成实施例3中所述的层压薄膜。
对比例5：用常规的无定形聚氨酯粘合剂来层压两张1密耳厚的实施例2中所述的LDPE薄膜。
为参照起见，实施例中使用的不带粘合剂层的1密耳厚薄膜在0％湿度、75°F条件下的氧气透过速度(OTR)(单位为毫升/英寸2/天)为：LDPE-479.0；OPP-98.0；COEX-85.6。
结果如下(在0％湿度和75°F条件下的氧气透过速度(OTR)(单位为毫升/英寸2/天))：实施例1    实施例2    实施例3    对比例4    对比例5OPP/OPP    LDPE/LDPE  COEX/COEX  COEX/COEX  LDPE/LDPE2.3        5.3        4.0        42.2       144.5
实施例1的湿气透过速度为0.13毫升/100英寸2/天，而1密耳厚度OPP的湿气透过速度为0.40毫升/100英寸2/天。

Claims (15)

1．第一层聚合物材料薄膜与第二层聚合物材料薄膜的层压方法，其特征在于
提供由具有末端羟基和2-10个碳原子的单种线型脂族二元醇与单种线型二元羧酸形成的熔融状态的无溶剂、羟基为端基的聚酯A)，所述聚酯的数均分子量为300-5000，熔点为80℃或更低，
提供液态的单种二异氰酸酯B)，
按1-1.1的NCO/OH之比将所述的二异氰酸酯B)与所述聚酯A)混合，形成粘合剂混合物(Ⅰ)
或
将所述二异氰酸酯B)的全部或其一部分B’)与所述聚酯A)的一部分A’)在NCO/OH之比为2-8的条件下形成氨酯预聚物C)，然后将所述聚酯A)的其余部分A”)和所述二异氰酸酯B)的其余部分B”)与所述氨酯预聚物C)混合在一起，形成粘合剂混合物(Ⅱ)，A)与B)的NCO/OH之比约为1-1.1，
用所述的粘合剂混合物(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)中任何一种将所述的第一种和所述的第二种薄膜粘合，
让所述的二异氰酸酯B)和所述的聚酯A)完全反应。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述的二元醇具有3-6个碳原子。
3．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述聚酯的数均分子量约为500-2000。
4．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为70℃或更低。
5．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为60℃或更低。
6．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为50℃或更低。
7．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述的粘合剂在粘度为300-2000厘泊的温度下涂覆。
8．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述的粘合剂在粘度为400-1000厘泊的温度下涂覆。
9．按权利要求1所述的方法制成的层压制品。
10．能形成高阻隔性粘合剂的聚氨酯层压粘合剂组合物，其特征在于该组合物包括含A)的第一部分和含B的第二部分的无溶剂液体混合物，
A)熔融状态的羟基为端基的聚酯，所述的聚酯由具有末端羟基和2-10个碳原子的单种线型脂族二醇与单种线型二元羧酸形成，所述聚酯的数均分子量为300-5000，熔点为80℃或更低，
B)单种二异氰酸酯，
或
含A”的第一部分和含B”和C的第二部分的无溶剂液体混合物，
C)氨酯预聚物，它是所述异氰酸酯B)的全部或其一部分B’)与所述聚酯A)的一部分A’)在NCO/OH之比为2-8的条件下形成的反应产物，
A”)所述聚酯A)的其余部分，
B”)所述二异氰酸酯B)的其余部分，
在每种情况下，所述二异氰酸酯B)与所述聚酯A)的NCO/OH比为1-1.1。
11．如权利要求10所述的粘合剂组合物，其特征在于所述的二元醇具有3-6个碳原子。
12．如权利要求10所述的粘合剂组合物，其特征在于所述聚酯的数均分子量约为500-2000。
13．如权利要求10所述的粘合剂组合物，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为70℃或更低。
14．如权利要求10所述的粘合剂组合物，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为60℃或更低。
15．如权利要求10所述的粘合剂组合物，其特征在于所述聚酯的熔点约为55℃或更低。
CN98119608A 1997-09-17 1998-09-17 具有阻隔性的无溶剂层压粘合剂 Expired - Lifetime CN1090219C (zh)

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CN103764783A (zh) * 2011-08-24 2014-04-30 Dic株式会社 含有板状无机化合物的粘接剂用树脂组合物和粘接剂
CN105682923A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-06-15 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 制备具有降低的透氧性的层压制品的方法
CN108368411A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-08-03 Dic株式会社 阻气性粘接剂、薄膜、及阻气性薄膜
CN111107990A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2020-05-05 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 具有阻挡胶粘层的层压膜结构
CN111267446A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-12 黄山永新股份有限公司 一种单一透明材质阻隔包装复合膜及其制备方法

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103764783A (zh) * 2011-08-24 2014-04-30 Dic株式会社 含有板状无机化合物的粘接剂用树脂组合物和粘接剂
CN105682923A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-06-15 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 制备具有降低的透氧性的层压制品的方法
CN110406236A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2019-11-05 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 制备具有降低的透氧性的层压制品的方法
CN110406236B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2021-10-26 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 制备具有降低的透氧性的层压制品的方法
CN108368411A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-08-03 Dic株式会社 阻气性粘接剂、薄膜、及阻气性薄膜
CN108368411B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2021-04-20 Dic株式会社 阻气性粘接剂、薄膜、及阻气性薄膜
CN111107990A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2020-05-05 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 具有阻挡胶粘层的层压膜结构
CN111267446A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-12 黄山永新股份有限公司 一种单一透明材质阻隔包装复合膜及其制备方法

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AU8078498A (en) 1999-04-01
US6462163B2 (en) 2002-10-08
AU706147B2 (en) 1999-06-10
NO984287D0 (no) 1998-09-16
JPH11148066A (ja) 1999-06-02
JP3160578B2 (ja) 2001-04-25
EP0906944A2 (en) 1999-04-07
US20010013393A1 (en) 2001-08-16
US20010012868A1 (en) 2001-08-09
CN1090219C (zh) 2002-09-04
BR9806482A (pt) 1999-12-14
NO984287L (no) 1999-03-18
DE69806709T2 (de) 2002-11-28
ATE221110T1 (de) 2002-08-15
NZ331408A (en) 1999-10-28
JP3588314B2 (ja) 2004-11-10
SG72856A1 (en) 2000-05-23
EP0906944A3 (en) 1999-12-08
CA2245530A1 (en) 1999-03-17
DE69806709D1 (de) 2002-08-29
JP2001098247A (ja) 2001-04-10
US6589384B2 (en) 2003-07-08
EP0906944B1 (en) 2002-07-24

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