CN1192790A - 具有提高的驻极体性能的纤维网 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制造纤维驻极体材料的方法,它包括如下步骤(1)由非导电热塑性树脂和添加剂的混合物制成非导电热塑性纤维的纤维网,其中所述添加剂为(a)含至少一个全氟化部分的热稳定的有机化合物或低聚物或(b)热稳定的有机三嗪化合物或低聚物,它除了三嗪基上氮原子外还含至少一个氮原子或(c)它们的混合物;(2)在足以提供提高驻极体电荷的过滤网的压力下将水射流或水滴流撞击到网上;和(3)干燥该网。
Description
发明的领域
本发明提供能具有提高的驻极体性质的纤维网(fibrous webs),具有这种性质的驻极体网,制造它们的组合物,制造这种网和组合物的方法以及这种网和方法中所用的化合物。该网和组合物包括形成驻极体的聚合物和提高驻极体性质添加剂的混合物,通过包括将水射流或水滴流撞击到网上的方法使网带电。驻极体网特别可用于过滤材料,例如面罩或房间或汽车空气过滤,和其它静电气溶胶过滤应用中。
发明的背景
多年来已将非织造纤维网用于过滤和其它用途。业已使用由Van A.Wente等人在于1954年5月25日公开的海洋研究实验室(Naval ResearchLaboratories)报告号为4364的题为“制造超细有机纤维”中所述类型的熔喷技术从聚丙烯制造一些这种网。这种熔喷微纤维网继续广泛地用于过滤颗粒杂质,例如用作面罩和滤水器,以及其它用途,例如作为从水中除油的吸附网,作为隔音和隔热材料。
非织造纤维网的气溶胶过滤效率可通过使纤维带上电荷,形成驻极体材料而得到改善。已知许多方法用于形成这种驻极体材料。这种方法包括如当熔喷纤维从模孔流出时,当形成纤维时用诸如电子或离子之类的带电粒子轰击熔喷纤维,在纤维形成之后通过电晕放电使纤维带电或通过梳理和/或针钉(摩擦起电)使纤维毡片带上电荷。近年来,业已描述了一种在足以提供提高驻极体电荷的过滤的压力下将水射流或水滴流撞击到非织造网上的方法。
通过使聚烯烃膜原纤化形成纤维状材料已制造了用于过滤用途的其它类型的非织造纤维网。这种原纤化材料例如可通过电晕放电以膜的形式带上电荷,然后原纤化,收集并制成过滤器。
通常要求制造过滤材料所用的树脂基本上不含会提高导电性或另外会影响纤维接受并保持静电电荷的能力的物质。例如,若所含的电子给体杂质不大于1重量%和所含的电子受体杂质不大于0.5重量%的话,则某些聚苯乙烯型聚合物具有较好的性质。
然而,已知一些添加剂,它们与树脂混和时能提供改进的驻极体性质。业已披露了将4-甲基-1-戊烯聚合物与选自下述化合物中的至少一种化合物混合并暴露在高电压下获得电荷而制得的驻极体材料,所述化合物为含酚基的混合物,高级脂族羧酸化合物及其金属盐,酯硫代羧酸盐化合物,含亚磷酸基的化合物和含酯基的化合物。同样也披露的是一种用于滤尘器的驻极体材料,它是绝缘聚合物与金属含量不小于100ppm的脂肪酸金属盐的混合物,通过诸如摩擦或电晕带电处理之类的常规方法而带电。
同样已知的是包括共混物和共聚物在内的聚丙烯,含至少一种选自受阻胺类,含氮受阻酚类和含金属受阻酚类的稳定剂的驻极体材料。驻极体还可以包含另外的选自含酚,含硫和含磷稳定剂的稳定剂和/或紫外光吸收剂,在室温的高电压下带电。业已披露了由湿润时与纯水的接触角不小于95°或通过加入硅油被调节至不小于95°的树脂制成的驻极体过滤器。驻极体树脂可任选地包含其它包括热稳定剂、防老化剂、防粘连剂和无机或有机填料在内的添加剂。可以各种方式带上电荷。进一步披露的是含有熔点至少为25℃分子量约为500-2500的可熔融加工的含氟化合物添加剂的驻极体过滤介质。带电包括使材料经电晕放电或脉冲高电压。
本发明的概述
本发明提供一种制造纤维驻极体材料的方法,它包括如下步骤,(1)由非导电热塑性树脂和添加剂的混合物制成非导电热塑性纤维的纤维网,其中所述添加剂为(a)含至少一个全氟化部分的热稳定的有机化合物或低聚物,所述化合物或低聚物的氟含量宜至少约为18重量%或(b)热稳定的有机三嗪化合物或低聚物,它除了三嗪基上氮原子外还含至少一个氮原子或(c)它们的混合物;(2)在足以提供提高驻极体电荷的过滤网的压力下将水射流或水滴流撞击到网上;和(3)干燥该网。
其中Rf为全氟化部分,它宜包含约3-20个碳原子,更好地包含约6-12个碳原子,并且它可包含一个或多个悬链状醚氧原子,Q为选自含1或2个碳原子的亚烷基,亚磺酰氨基或它们混合基团的连接基,R为宜含1-4个碳原子的烷基,R1为宜含1-4个碳原子的全氟烷基,R2为直链或支链并且宜含4-10个碳原子的烷基,n为2-40,较好为2-20,更好为4-10的数。
其中Rf为全氟化部分,它宜包含约3-20个碳原子,更好地包含约6-12个碳原子,并且它可包含一个或多个悬链状醚氧原子,Q为选自含1或2个碳原子的亚烷基,亚磺酰氨基或它们混合基团的连接基,R为宜含1-4个碳原子的烷基,R1为宜含1-4个碳原子的全氟烷基,R2为直链或支链并且宜含4-10个碳原子的烷基,n为2-40,较好为2-20,更好为4-10的数。
其中Rf为全氟化部分,它宜包含约3-20个碳原子,更好地包含约6-12个碳原子,并且它可包含一个或多个悬链状醚氧原子,Q为选自含1或2个碳原子的亚烷基,亚磺酰氨基或它们混合基团的连接基,R为宜含1-4个碳原子的烷基,R1为宜含1-4个碳原子的全氟烷基,R2为直链或支链并且宜含4-10个碳原子的烷基,n为2-40,较好为2-20,更好为4-10的数,较之以不含化合物或低聚物的网,所述网具有足以显示改进的过滤效率的电荷。
当通过水射流或水滴流的撞击而带电时,与不含添加剂的可比较的网相比,按本发明方法制得的纤维驻极体材料显示出较多的电荷。这就提供了改进的过滤性质。这种材料例如可用作面罩过滤器,汽车通风过滤器,空调过滤器,和其它空气过滤器。在面罩的情况下,添加剂的存在使呼吸阻力下降和重量和体积下降,而不降低过滤效率,或者改进了的过滤效率,而不提高呼吸阻力、重量和体积。这种面罩例如在美国专利4,536,440和美国申请08/079,234中有描述,其内容在此参考引用。
附图的简要说明
图1是制造本发明方法使用的非织造微纤维网所用设备的侧视图。
图2是本发明所用的水射流喷雾设备的透视图。
图3是本发明所用的喷雾器的透视图。
图4是本发明所用的泵动喷雾器的透视图。
本发明的详细描述
本发明所用的热塑性树脂包括当制成用水射流或水滴流的撞击来处理的纤维网时能带有大量俘获电荷的任何热塑性非导电聚合物。能获得俘获电荷的聚合物包括聚烯烃类如聚丙烯,聚乙烯和聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯;聚氯乙烯;聚苯乙烯;聚碳酸酯;和聚酯。较好的材料包括聚丙烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种制成的共聚物。
一类合适的添加剂材料为含至少一个全氟化部分并且氟含量至少为18重量%的有机材料。这些材料在聚合物树脂的挤压温度下必须是热稳定的,以经得起加工处理,不会发生不希望有的降解或挥发。通常分子量为500或更大就足以避免过分挥发。这种化合物例如包括短链四氟乙烯调聚物,式CxF2x+2的含氟脂族烷烃,其中x约为20-30, 或
其中Rf为全氟化部分,它宜包含约3-20个碳原子,更好地包含约6-12个碳原子,并且它可包含一个或多个悬链状醚氧原子,Q为选自含1或2个碳原子的亚烷基,亚磺酰氨基或它们混合基团的连接基,R为宜含1-4个碳原子的烷基,R1为宜含1-4个碳原子的全氟烷基,R4为
其中x为2-12。
另一类合适的添加剂材料为含至少一个另外的含氮基的有机三嗪化合物或低聚物。它们在聚合物树脂的挤压温度下仍然必须是热稳定的,不会发生不希望有的降解或挥发。那些分子量通常至少为500的化合物或低聚物一般不会由于挥发而损失。这种化合物或低聚物包括或
其中R3为
其中R2为直链或支链并且宜含4-10个碳原子的烷基,n为2-40,较好为2-20,更好为4-10的数。
含氟化合物添加剂或以三嗪为基的添加剂的量较好约为0.1-10重量%,更好约为0.2-5重量%,最好约为0.5-2重量%。
热塑性树脂和添加剂的混合物可以众所周知的方法来制备。可预混和树脂和添加剂并造粒,然后对粒料进行熔融挤压。或者,可以在挤压机中将添加剂与树脂相混和,然后熔融挤压。有用的挤压条件为那些一般适用于挤压不含添加剂的树脂的条件。可用任何已知的技术将混和的混合物加工成纤维过滤器卷材。
本发明所用的熔喷微纤维可按Van A.Wente在“超细热塑性纤维”,工业工程化学(Industrial Engineering Chemistry),48卷,1342-1346页和由Van A.Wente等人在于1954年5月25日发表的海洋研究实验室报告号为4364的题为“制造超细有机纤维”中所述的方法来制造。
用于制造本发明所用的纤维的树脂宜为能带有大量俘获电荷的热塑性非导电(即电阻率大于1014ohm·cm)的树脂。树脂能带有大量俘获电荷可通过下述方法来测定,测量网的过滤性能,然后用水射流或水滴流撞击,处理经这样撞击的网并干燥,再测定过滤性能。性能的提高是俘获电荷的标志。这可通过下述方法得到证实,使处理过的网经电荷破坏装置,例如暴露在X-射线辐射、诸如异丙醇之类的醇下,或在比熔点约低30℃至接近熔点的温度下加热,再测量性能,该性能与未处理(即未经水撞击)的网的性能相类似。
较好的树脂包括聚丙烯,聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯),它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种制成的共聚物。树脂应基本上不含诸如会提高导电性或另外会影响纤维接受并保持静电电荷的能力的抗静电剂的材料。纤维可为单一树脂,由诸如聚丙烯和聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)的树脂共混物制成,或由层状或芯/壳结构的两种树脂制成。
按Davies,C.N.,在“分离空气灰尘和颗粒”,机械工程学院(Institution ofMechanical Engineers),伦敦,学报1B,1952年中所述的方法计算,本发明纤维驻极体过滤器的熔喷微纤维的有效纤维直径一般约为3-30微米,较好约为7-15微米。
在网中也可以存在短纤维。与只由吹制微纤维制成的网相比,短纤维的存在通常能提供较膨松的、不太紧密的网。宜存在不大于约90重量%的短纤维,不大于约70重量%则更好。这种含短纤维的网披露于美国专利4,118,531(Hauser)中,其内容在此参考引用。
吸附颗粒材料如活性炭或氧化铝也可包括在网中。这种颗粒的含量可达网含量的约80体积%。这种载有颗粒的网例如在美国专利3,971,373(Braun),美国专利4,100,324(Anderson)和美国专利4,429,001(Kolpin等人)中有描述,其内容在此参考引用。
按本发明方法制造的驻极体过滤器介质的基重宜约为10-500g/m2,更好约为10-100g/m2。在制造熔喷微纤维网中,基重例如可通过改变收集器速度或模具生产量而得到控制。过滤器介质的厚度宜约为0.25-20mm,更好约为0.5-2mm。驻极体过滤器介质和制成它的树脂不应受到任何会提高其导电性的不需要的处理,例如暴露在γ射线,紫外光辐射下或受到热解,氧化等。
本发明所用的非织造微纤维网可使用图1所示的设备来制造。这种设备包括模头20,它包含挤压腔21,液化的成纤材料被推进通过该腔;模孔22,它在模头前端被横向排成一行,成纤材料被挤压通过这些模孔;和共操作气孔23,迫使气体(一般为热空气)以高速通过气孔。高速气体流拉出并拉细挤压过的成纤材料,随后成纤材料在进入收集器24的途中固化成微纤维,形成网25。
当在网中存在短纤维时,它们可通过使用位于图1所示微纤维吹出设备上方的刺辊32加入。诸如在回丝机(garnett),或RANDO-WEBBER设备上制造的短纤维网27,一般为疏松的非织造网,它在驱动辊29的作用下沿着桌面28推动,其中前缘啮合在刺辊32上。刺辊32拾取来自将纤维相互分开的网27前缘的纤维。收集到的纤维气流输送通过倾斜的槽或导管30,并进入吹出的微纤维流中,在那里它们与吹出的微纤维相混和。当要在网中加入颗粒物质时,可以使用与导管30相类似的装料机构加入。
在足以提供提高驻极体电荷的过滤网的压力下将水射流或水滴流撞击到网上,对网进行充水(hydrocharging)。获得最佳结果所需的压力视所用喷雾器的类型,制成网的聚合物的类型,加入聚合物中的添加剂的类型和浓度,网的厚度和密度以及在充水之前是否进行过诸如电晕表面处理的预处理而定。一般来说,压力在约10-500psi(69-3450kPa)的范围内是合适的。用于提供水滴的水最好是比较纯净的。蒸馏水或去离子水比自来水好。
水射流或水滴流可用任何合适的喷雾设备提供。用于水力缠结(hydraulically entangling)纤维的设备通常可用于本发明的方法,尽管操作是在比水缠结通常所用的更低的充水压力下进行。
合适喷雾装置的一个例子图示于图2,其中纤维网10在支承装置11上被输送。输送装置可为带的形式,较好为多孔的,例如网筛或织物。在水射流头部13中的孔12提供水喷雾,而泵(未图示)提供水压。水射流12撞击在网10的撞击点12’上。较好的是在多孔支承下提供真空状态以有助于喷雾通过网并降低干燥能量条件。
除了其它已知的喷雾装置外,适用于本发明方法的还有一些喷雾装置的例子包括如图3所示的喷雾器,其中将通过水管14提供的水和通过空气管15提供的压缩空气送入喷嘴16中,提供喷雾以冲击网10,和如图4所示的泵动喷雾器,其中泵柄17迫使由水供给装置18提供的水通过喷嘴19,提供喷雾。
使用氟化添加剂所观察到的过滤器介质的提高的性能通常还可以通过退火得到进一步的提高,即在足以使氟化添加剂在纤维表面激增的温度下加热足够长的时间。通常,在约140℃的温度下加热约1-10分钟对聚丙烯过滤器介质来说就足够了,尽管在较高的温度下可以使用较短的时间和在较低的温度下需要较长的时间。
实施例
不应将下述实施例理解为以任何方式来限制本发明的精神或范围。在实施例中,除非另有注释外,所有的百分数和份数均按重量计。
下述试验方法用于评价实施例中所制备的网:
DOP渗透和压降试验方法
使用带有四个孔的TSI No.212喷雾器和30psi(207kPa)的清洁空气制造浓度为70-110mg/m3,直径为0.3微米的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)颗粒。以42.5L/min的速度,表面速度为6.9cm/sec迫使颗粒通过直径为11.45cm的过滤器介质样品。将该样品暴露在气溶胶中30秒钟。用光学散射室,即购自Air Techniques Inc.的型号为TPA-8F的百分率渗透仪(Percent Penetration Meter Model TPA-8F)测量渗透。在流动速度为42.5L/min和表面速度为6.9cm/sec下使用电子测压计测量压降。
QF值较高表明过滤性能较好。实际上,QF值下降与过滤性能下降有关。
实施例1和对比例C1
在500mL装有氮气入口和磁力搅拌器的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入N-(全氟辛基磺酰基)哌嗪(34.1g,60mmol),三乙胺(6.7g,66mmol)和氯仿(200mL),搅拌混合物。滴加入邻苯二甲酰氯(95%,6.4g,30mmol)的氯仿溶液。滴加完毕后,在氮气氛下搅拌反应混合物30分钟。用去离子水洗涤反应产物数次,使之空气干燥,然后在105℃的烘箱内干燥3小时。将固体产物研磨成粉末,将一份粉末加入四份(four parts)回流溶剂(95%乙醇/5%水)中,回流约10分钟。过滤除去溶剂。所得的添加剂在71℃下干燥。固体产物的熔点为191℃。添加剂的结构如下,由NMR证实。
将这种添加剂与聚丙烯(ESCORENE PP-3505G,购自ExxonCorporation)干混,并按Van A.Wente在“超细热塑性纤维”,工业工程化学,48卷,1342-1346页上所述挤压混合物。混和1%的含氟化合物添加剂。挤压温度约为280-300℃,挤压机为在约3.2-4.5kg/hr(7-10 lb/hr)的速度下操作的BRABENDERTM锥形双螺杆挤压机(购自Brabender Instruments,Inc.)。所制得的熔喷微纤维网的基重为52g/m2,有效纤维直径为5.8μm以及厚度为1.4mm。
对于对比例C1,样品由同类的聚丙烯制成,但同时不含添加剂(无任何来自制造厂家的添加剂)。网的基重为52g/m2,有效纤维直径为7.7μm,厚度为0.9mm。
在水压为690kPa下,将网样品用与图1所示相类似的水力缠结机(实验室型号,序号为101,购自Honeycomb Systems Corp.)提供的水射流进行撞击,所述水力缠结机的喷雾杆宽度为24in(0.6m),每英寸(2.5cm)宽度上带有直径各为0.005in(0.13mm)的40个喷雾孔。以3.5m/min的速度使各样品在喷雾杆的下面通过,在各个表面上处理一次,真空抽水并在70℃下干燥1小时。测试处理过的样品的DOP渗透和压降,计算品质因子。压降和品质因子(QF)列于表1中。
表1
压降(mm H2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例1 | 4.13 | 1.14 |
对比例C1 | 2.73 | 1.01 |
实施例2
分离含氟调聚物(以商品名VYDAXTM购自E.I.Du Pont De Nemours &Co.,Inc.,调聚物为在三氯三氟乙烯中的20%分散体),获得分子量约为3700,熔点约为300℃的蜡状短链四氟乙烯调聚物。
除了使用含氟调聚物添加剂外,其余均按实施例1所述制造微纤维网并进行测试。基重为54g/m2,有效纤维直径为6.2μm,厚度为1.4mm,压降为4.06以及品质因子为1.18。
实施例3和对比例C3
按实施例1和对比例C1所述制备微纤维网并进行测试,所不同的是,所用的聚丙烯是购自Exxon Corp.的ESCORENE PP-3495G,挤压温度为240-260℃,和将可按美国专利3,094,547(Heine)中实施例4(其内容在此参考引用)所述制备的下述化合物作为实施例3的添加剂。结果列于表2中。
表2
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例3 | 59 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 1.39 | 1.15 |
对比例C3 | 57 | 10.6 | 1.0 | 1.27 | 0.37 |
实施例4和5以及对比例C4和C5
在70℃时在3分钟内,向全氟辛基甲胺(44.9g,0.100mol)在150gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的搅拌溶液中加入1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸二酐(10.9g,0.050mol)中。观察到放热达107℃,反应混合物变得混浊。温度升高,混浊消失,约30分钟之后,固体开始形成。在约100℃时加热此浆料22小时,冷至55℃,加入乙酐(35g)和吡啶(25g)。再加热3小时后,将浆料冷至室温,过滤,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺然后甲醇洗涤,在105℃时干燥分离出来的固体,获得44.7g白色固体产物。这种添加剂的结构为:对于实施例4和5以及对比例C4和C5,按实施例1和对比例C1来制造微纤维网,所不同的是所用的聚丙烯为购自Exxon Corp.的ESCORENE PP-3495G,挤压温度为240-260℃,并且使用上述添加剂。对于实施例5和对比例C5,将实施例4和对比例C4的网样品在140℃时退火10分钟。测试网的压降和渗透,并计算品质因子。压降和品质因子列于表3中。
表3
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例4 | 49 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 1.68 | 0.63 |
对比例C4 | 52 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 1.91 | 0.38 |
实施例5 | 49 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 1.83 | 0.82 |
对比例C5 | 52 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 2.02 | 0.51 |
实施例6-9和对比例C6-C9
按美国专利5,099,026(Howells)中实施例5(其内容在此参考引用)的方法制备下述结构的化合物:研磨固体产物成粉末,将一份粉末加入四份回流溶剂(95%乙醇/5%水)中,回流约10分钟。冷却所得的浆料,过滤固体并在71℃干燥。由差示扫描量热法测定所得固体添加剂的熔点为197℃。
除了使用上述添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造两片网。实施例6和7以及对比例C6和C7由片1来制造。实施例8和9以及对比例C8和C9由片2来制造。测定基重,有效纤维直径和厚度并列于表4中。在实施例7和9以及对比例C7和C9中,实施例6和8以及对比例C6和C8的网按实施例5中所述进行退火。测试各网样品的渗透和压降,并确定品质因子。各网的压降和品质因子列于表4中。
表4
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例6 | 54 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 1.86 | 0.66 |
对比例C6 | 54 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 2.20 | 0.77 |
实施例7 | 54 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 1.90 | 1.39 |
对比例C7 | 54 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 2.34 | 0.97 |
实施例8 | 54 | 8.4 | 0.9 | 2.05 | 0.51 |
对比例C8 | 54 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.92 | 0.34 |
实施例9 | 54 | 8.4 | 0.9 | 2.21 | 1.10 |
对比例C9 | 54 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.99 | 0.49 |
从表4的数据可以看出,对包含添加剂的网进行退火显著地改进了过滤性能。
实施例10和11以及对比例C10和C11
在实施例10中,使用购自Aldrich Chemical Co.的全氟烷烃,C24F50作为添加剂,按实施例1所述制造网。在对比例C10中,不加入添加剂来制造类似的网。在实施例11和对比例C11中,实施例10和对比例C10的网按实施例5所述进行退火。测定各网的基重,有效纤维直径和厚度并列于表5中。测量压降和渗透并确定品质因子。压降和品质因子列于表5中。
表5
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例10 | 52 | 7.6 | 0.9 | 2.17 | 0.39 |
对比例C10 | 54 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.92 | 0.34 |
实施例11 | 52 | 7.6 | 0.9 | 2.23 | 0.60 |
对比例C11 | 54 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.99 | 0.49 |
实施例12和13以及对比例C12和C13
在55℃时6分钟内在500mL烧瓶内,往4-氨基苯并三氟化物(25.0g,0.155mol)在100g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸二酐(16.2g,0.077mol)。观察到放热至85℃,将搅拌溶液加热到120℃约4小时,在此过程中形成粘性浆料。用10g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺稀释浆料,再继续加热13小时。然后将浆料冷至63℃,加入50g乙酐和34g吡啶。再加入75g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺以稀释浆料并有助于搅拌。继续加热3小时。为了有助于从浆料中分离出产物,加入165g四氢呋喃和丙酮,结果获得1010g稀浆料。发生沉降后,滗去液体,在搅拌下再加入250g丙酮。再次沉降后,滗去液体,在106℃时干燥固体,获得24.7g如下所需添加剂。
在实施例12中,使用这种添加剂按实施例1所述制造网。在对比例C12中,不加入添加剂来制造类似的网。在实施例13和对比例C13中,实施例12和对比例C12的网按实施例5所述进行退火。测定各网的基重,有效纤维直径和厚度并列于表6中。测量压降和渗透并确定品质因子。压降和品质因子列于表6中。
表6
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例12 | 54 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 1.98 | 1.01 |
对比例C12 | 62 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 2.40 | 0.41 |
实施例13 | 54 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 2.03 | 1.25 |
对比例C13 | 62 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 2.55 | 0.55 |
实施例14和对比例C14
在65℃时2分钟内在1升烧瓶内,往2-氨基苯并三氟化物(48.3g,0.30mol)在175g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸二酐(32.7g,0.150mol)。观察到放热至85℃,将溶液加热到98℃并搅拌约17小时,随后形成固体。将浆料冷至53℃,加入90g乙酐和67g吡啶。在温和加热下搅拌浆料约3.5小时。冷至室温后,过滤浆料,滤饼用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺然后甲醇进行洗涤。在107℃时干燥湿的固体1小时,获得37.2g具有下述结构的近于纯白色固体添加剂。除了使用上述添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网。结果列于表7中。
表7
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例14 | 58 | 7.5 | 1.2 | 2.63 | 0.65 |
对比例C14 | 58 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 2.30 | 0.33 |
实施例15和对比例C15
在60℃时3分钟内在500mL烧瓶内,往全氟壬基甲胺(29.9g,0.060mol,92%纯度)在90g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入4,4’-氧联二邻苯二甲酸酐(8.8g,0.0284mol)。观察到轻度放热至67℃,将搅拌溶液加热到约92℃约16小时,在此过程中形成固体。浆料冷至48℃,形成更多的固体。在搅拌浆料中加入42g乙酐和30g吡啶,继续搅拌约4.5小时。然后将浆料冷至室温,过滤,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺然后甲醇洗涤分离出来的固体,在106℃干燥之,获得20.8g具有下述结构的白色固体添加剂。除了使用上述添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网。结果列于表8中。
表8
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例15 | 54 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 2.62 | 0.87 |
对比例C15 | 61 | 8.0 | 1.2 | 2.73 | 0.48 |
实施例16和对比例C16
在63℃时5分钟内在250mL烧瓶内,往C6F13OC4F8CH2NH2(30.0g,0.0531mol,73%纯度)在80g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌混合物中加入4,4’-氧联二邻苯二甲酸酐(6.17g,0.020mol)。加热约40分钟后,形成澄清的溶液。将溶液加热到117℃,除去少量的不溶性油,继续加热约17.5小时。溶液冷至55℃,在此过程中形成固体。然后加入35g乙酐和25g吡啶。再加入15g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺以稀释浆料并有助于搅拌。加热所得的混合物约3小时。将浆料冷至室温,过滤,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、然后甲醇洗涤分离出来的固体,在101℃干燥之,获得18.9g具有下述结构的浅驼色固体添加剂。按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网,所不同的是所用的聚丙烯为购自Exxon Corp.的ESCORENE PP-3495G,挤压温度为240-260℃,并且使用上述添加剂。结果列于表9中。
表9
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例16 | 59 | 7.0 | 1.1 | 2.78 | 0.78 |
对比例C16 | 59 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 2.93 | 0.40 |
实施例17和对比例C17
在60℃时3分钟内在1升烧瓶内,往3-氨基苯并三氟化物(50.0g,0.310mol)在200g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸二酐(33.8g,0.155mol)。观察到放热至86℃,加热搅拌溶液到91℃18小时。减少加热,形成固体块。往此块中加入100g乙酐,67g吡啶和100g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。固体破裂,在温和加热下搅拌形成的浆料约3小时。冷至室温后,过滤浆料,滤饼在350g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中再搅拌,第二次过滤,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、然后甲醇洗涤。在104℃干燥分离出来的固体,获得44.0g具有下述结构的淡黄色固体添加剂。除了使用上述添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网。结果列于表10中。
表10
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例17 | 54 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 2.11 | 0.75 |
对比例C17 | 59 | 8.0 | 1.2 | 2.14 | 0.36 |
实施例18和对比例C18
在75℃时3分钟内在500mL烧瓶内,往苯胺(16.8g,0.180mol)在150g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入4,4’-(六氟异亚丙基)二邻苯二甲酸酐(40.0g,0.090mol)。观察到放热至97℃,加热溶液到约130℃约18小时。冷至67℃后,加入66g乙酐和44g吡啶,继续加热约3.5小时。将溶液浓缩至64.8g,残余物溶解在200g甲醇中。将此溶液骤冷至约-20℃,过滤分离这样形成的固体,用冷甲醇洗涤,在106℃干燥,获得11.0g具有下述结构的米色固体添加剂。除了使用上述添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网。结果列于表11中。
表11
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例18 | 59 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 2.50 | 0.64 |
对比例C18 | 57 | 7.2 | 1.4 | 2.65 | 0.48 |
实施例19和20以及对比例C19和C20
在55℃时5分钟内在250mL烧瓶内,往全氟壬基甲胺(22.4g,0.050mol)在75g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌溶液中加入4,4’-氧联二邻苯二甲酸酐(7.75g,0.025mol)。观察到放热至75℃,将溶液加热到92℃约16小时。形成的固体块破裂,加入25g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,获得可搅拌的浆料。在此保持在55℃的浆料中加入35g乙酐和25g吡啶,继续加热约2.5小时。冷至室温后,过滤浆料,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺然后甲醇洗涤,在104℃干燥分离出来的湿固体,获得22.6g具有下述结构的添加剂。
在实施例19中,按实施例1来制造网,所不同的是使用这种添加剂,所用的聚丙烯是购自Exxon Corp.的ESCORENE PP-3495G,并且挤压温度为240-260℃。在对比例C19中,不加入添加剂制造类似的网。在实施例20和对比例C20中,实施例19和对比例C19的网按实施例5所述进行退火。测定各网的基重,有效纤维直径和厚度并列于表12中。测量压降和渗透并确定品质因子。压降和品质因子列于表12中。
表12
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例19 | 49 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 1.87 | 0.92 |
对比例C19 | 52 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 1.91 | 0.38 |
实施例20 | 49 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 1.99 | 0.80 |
对比例C20 | 52 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 2.02 | 0.51 |
实施例21和对比例C21
按实施例1和对比例C1来制造并测试微纤维网,所不同的是使用0.5重量%分子量大于2500购自Ciba Geigy Corp.并且具有下述结构的CHIMASSORBTM 944FL作为实施例21的添加剂。结果列于表13中。
表13
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例21 | 54 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 1.76 | 1.74 |
对比例C21 | 57 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 2.02 | 0.60 |
实施例22和对比例C22
首先,按美国专利3,519,603所述制备N,N’-二(环己基)-六亚甲基二胺。接着,按美国专利4,297,492制备2-(叔辛基氨基)-4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪。最后,按美国专利4,492,791所述将此二胺和此二氯三嗪进行反应,获得具有下述结构的化合物。除了在实施例22中使用0.5重量%的添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造和测试微纤维网。结果列于表14中。
表14
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例22 | 57 | 8.5 | 1.1 | 2.26 | 1.04 |
对比例C22 | 54 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 2.20 | 0.77 |
实施例23和对比例C23
除了在制备二氯三嗪中间体中使用正辛基胺代替叔辛基胺外,其余均按实施例22的方法制备三嗪产物。所得的添加剂具有下述结构:除了在实施例23中使用0.5重量%的添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造和测试微纤维网。结果列于表15中。
表15
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例23 | 55 | 10.0 | 0.9 | 1.56 | 1.02 |
对比例C23 | 54 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 2.20 | 0.77 |
实施例24和对比例C24
除了在实施例24中使用0.5重量%购自American Cyanamid Corp.具有下述结构的CYASORBTM UV3346作为添加剂外,其余均按实施例1和对比例C1来制造和测试微纤维网。结果列于表16中。
表16
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例24 | 57 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 2.50 | 1.12 |
对比例C24 | 56 | 7.0 | 1.3 | 2.53 | 0.46 |
实施例25和对比例C25
其中R3为结果列于表17中。
表17
基重(g/m2) | 有效纤维直径(μm) | 厚度(mm) | 压降(mmH2O) | 品质因子 | |
实施例25 | 59 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 2.63 | 1.33 |
对比例C25 | 60 | 7.5 | 1.3 | 2.66 | 0.41 |
对本领域技术熟练者来说,在不偏离本发明的范围和精神下,对本发明所作的各种改进和改变将是显而易见的,并且不应将本发明限制在本文用于举例目的所描述的内容。
Claims (20)
1.一种制造纤维驻极体材料的方法,它包括如下步骤(1)由非导电热塑性树脂和添加剂的混合物制成非导电热塑性纤维的纤维网,其中所述添加剂为(a)含至少一个全氟化部分的热稳定的有机化合物或低聚物或(b)热稳定的有机三嗪化合物或低聚物,它除了三嗪基上氮原子外还含至少一个氮原子或(c)它们的混合物;(2)在足以提供提高驻极体电荷的过滤网的压力下将水射流或水滴流撞击到网上;和(3)干燥该网。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃;聚氯乙烯;聚苯乙烯;聚碳酸酯;或聚酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚丙烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种形成的共聚物。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述包含至少一个全氟化部分的化合物或低聚物的氟含量至少约为18重量%。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述包含至少一个全氟化部分的有机化合物或低聚物为分子量约3700的四氟乙烯的短链调聚物。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃,聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,或聚酯。
11.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚丙烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种制成的共聚物。
13.如权利要求12所述的纤维网,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃,聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,或聚酯。
14.如权利要求12所述的纤维网,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚丙烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种制成的共聚物。
16.如权利要求15所述的驻极体过滤介质,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃,聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,或聚酯。
17.如权利要求15所述的驻极体过滤介质,其特征在于所述热塑性树脂为聚丙烯,聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯,它们的共混物或由丙烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯中的至少一种制成的共聚物。
19.一种面罩,它具有包含如权利要求15所述的驻极体过滤介质的过滤装置。
20.一种汽车通风系统,其特征在于过滤装置包含如权利要求15所述的驻极体过滤介质。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6648196A (en) | 1997-03-12 |
DE69627670D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
KR100405072B1 (ko) | 2004-03-24 |
EP0845058B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
US5919847A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
KR19990036362A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
WO1997007272A1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
DE69627670T2 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
MX9800828A (es) | 1998-04-30 |
US6268495B1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
AU700461B2 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
CN1188559C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
CA2227422A1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
US5908598A (en) | 1999-06-01 |
JPH11510862A (ja) | 1999-09-21 |
JP4069195B2 (ja) | 2008-04-02 |
US5976208A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
ES2195001T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
EP0845058A1 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
US6002017A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
US5968635A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
BR9610200A (pt) | 1998-08-04 |
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