CN1192675A - 含有可溶解的、诱导层状相的结构剂的液体清洗组合物 - Google Patents
含有可溶解的、诱导层状相的结构剂的液体清洗组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1192675A CN1192675A CN96196136A CN96196136A CN1192675A CN 1192675 A CN1192675 A CN 1192675A CN 96196136 A CN96196136 A CN 96196136A CN 96196136 A CN96196136 A CN 96196136A CN 1192675 A CN1192675 A CN 1192675A
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- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有定义的表面活性剂体系和选自液体脂肪酸、液体醇和其衍生物的结构剂的层状相组合物,该结构剂导致诱导层状相。本发明还涉及在这种组合物中通过加入定义的结构剂诱导所述层状相的方法。
Description
背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一般用作皮肤清洗或淋浴凝胶组合物类型的液体清洗组合物。具体地,本发明涉及容易剪切稀化(即因为其高的零剪切粘度,它可以悬浮大的颗粒例如1微米和更大颗粒;并且还容易倾倒)的层状相组合物。此外,该产品在分散时还“积聚”并且是柔软和洗液状的,由此给消费者提供一个增湿的感觉(signal)。
发明背景
所有表面活性剂溶液,包括液体清洗溶液的流变学性能非常依赖于微结构,即溶液中胶束或其它自组合结构的形状和浓度。
当有足以形成胶束的表面活性剂(临界胶束浓度或CMC以上的浓度)时,可以形成例如球形、园柱形(棒状)或平园形的胶束。随表面活性剂浓度增加,可以形成有序的液晶相例如层状相、六方相或立方相。例如,层状相由交替的表面活性剂双层和水层构成。这些层通常不是平的而是折叠的从而形成亚微米球葱头状结构,称之为泡或脂质体。另一方面,六方相由以六方晶格排列的长圆柱胶束构成。通常,大部分个人护理产品的微结构或者由球状胶束、棒状胶束;或者由层状分散体构成。
如上所述,胶束可以是球状或棒状的。具有球状胶束的制剂倾向于具有低的粘度并显示出牛顿剪切性质(即作为剪切速率函数的粘度是常数;因此,如果需要容易倾倒的产品,则该溶液是较为不粘稠的,结果,它也不悬浮)。在这些体系中,粘度随表面活性剂浓度线性增加。
棒状胶束溶液是较为粘稠的,因为较长胶束的运动受到限制。在临界剪切速率下,该胶束排成一直线并且溶液变得剪切稀化。加入盐增加其棒状胶束的尺寸从而增加零剪切粘度(即当放在瓶子中时的粘度),这有助于悬浮颗粒但也增加临界剪切速率(产品变得剪切稀化的点;临界剪切速率越高意味着产品越难于倾倒)。
层状分散体与球状和棒状胶束均不同,因为它们可以具有高的零剪切粘度(由于构成层状液滴的密堆积排列),此外这些溶液还很容易剪切稀化(倾倒时容易分散)。即,该溶液在中等剪切速率下可以变得比棒状胶束溶液更稀。
因此,在配制液体清洗组合物时,有这样的选择:是使用棒状胶束溶液(其零剪切粘度,例如悬浮能力不是非常好和/或不很容易剪切稀化);或者还是使用层状分散体(具有较高的零剪切粘度,例如较好的悬浮,并且非常容易剪切稀化)。
然而,为了形成这样的层状组合物,必须作某些权衡。第一,一般需要较高量的表面活性剂以形成层状相。因此常常需要加入既不理想又不需要的辅助表面活性剂和/或盐。第二,仅仅某些表面活性剂形成该相,因此表面活性剂的选择受到限制。
简言之,层状组合物通常更理想(尤其是用于悬浮润肤剂和给消费者提供美观),但更昂贵的是它们通常需要更多的表面活性剂并且在可以使用的表面活性剂范围方面受到更多的限制。
当使用棒状胶束溶液时,它们也常常需要使用外部结构剂以增加粘度和悬浮颗粒(还是因为它们具有比层状相溶液更低的零剪切粘度)。为此,常常使用聚羧乙烯制剂和粘土。在较高的剪切速率下(如在产品分散,将产品用于身体,或用手摩擦时),由于棒状胶束溶液较不容易剪切稀化,所以溶液的粘度很高,并且该产品可以是粘稠和浓稠的。具有较高零剪切粘度的层状分散体基的产品可以更容易地悬浮润肤剂并且一般更奶油状。然而,制造它们通常更昂贵(例如,它们受到可以使用的表面活性剂的限制并且常常需要更高浓度的表面活性剂)。
现在申请人令人意想不到地发现:如果在一般的棒状胶束溶液中使用特定的液体脂肪酸(例如长链不饱和的和/或支链脂肪酸);长链不饱和的和/或支链醇(例如,油醇或异硬脂醇)或这些脂肪酸和/或醇的衍生物(脂肪酸酯和脂肪醇醚),那么可以诱导层状相。
具体地,申请人已经发现:在组合物中含有:(1)一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂;(2)至少一种两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂;和(3)任选地,一种或多种非离子表面活性剂;当加入熔点低于约25℃的如上所述的液体结构剂(即长链不饱和的和/或支链液体脂肪酸;长链不饱和的和/或支链液体醇或其衍生物)时,该组合物变成层状相组合物。此外,用这些特定的结构剂,没有结构剂结晶。
通常在液体清洗剂(淋浴凝胶和香波)中使用脂肪酸公开于,例如:Giret等人的WO94/17166(受让于P&G);Cothran等人的WO94/18737(受让于P&G)和美国专利号5132037;5234619;和5290470中,每个美国专利均属于Greene等人。
然而,这些参考文献的每一个都教导使用不可溶的并在产品中结晶的直链饱和脂肪酸(而本发明是不饱和的或支链的脂肪酸)。确实,在这些参考文献中,往往会使脂肪酸结晶,因为这在结构化时是一个重要因素(见WO94/18737的第5页23-32行)。这些参考文献也没有公开不饱和的或支链的长链醇或其醚衍生物。
Dias等人(WO 94/01084,美国专利5308526),MacGilp等人(US5158699;5296157;WO 92/15666)和Torres(WO 94/01085)教导了使用游离脂肪酸和脂肪酸钾皂,其中所述的脂肪酸的碘值在0-15之间(即碘值指出该脂肪酸的饱和程度)。另外,也没有公开不饱和的或支链的长链脂肪酸或醇。
Rizvi等人的US5360581教导了与聚乙烯亚胺一起使用长链饱和脂肪酸(优选C22)以增加产品的稳定性。与本发明的液体不饱和脂肪酸相比,该脂肪酸是饱和的。
日本专利7,025,726教导了在乳液中使用液体脂肪酸。该专利公开了含有30%或更多的油的组合物,所谓油指的是润肤剂(例如植物油),而本发明的组合物含有不多于约20%(重量),优选不多于约15%(重量)的油/润肤剂。此外,JP 7,025,726没有教导使用作为结构剂的液体脂肪酸,而本发明使用液体脂肪酸,从而形成层状相并因此使产品结构化。
最后,本申请人的未结案申请系列号08/469949(发明人是Shana’a)涉及皂组合物,它含有5-35%的C8-C22脂肪酸,其中20-50%必须是未中和的(即多于50%被中和形成皂)。本申请是没有皂的申请并且这样的组合物通常更温和。另外,在没有皂下加入本发明的结构剂会形成层状相组合物不是显而易见的。
发明概述
本发明涉及液体清洗组合物,它含有表面活性剂体系(例如,包括阴离子或阴离子+两性/两性离子表面活性剂),和0.1-15%(重量),优选0.5-10%(重量)诱导层状相的结构剂,其中所述的结构剂选自:不饱和的和/或支链的长链(即C8-C22,优选C12-C24)液体脂肪酸或这些脂肪酸的酯衍生物;不饱和的和/或支链的长链(即C8-C24,优选C12-C24)液体醇或这些脂肪醇的醚衍生物。
也可以使用短链的饱和脂肪酸(C5-C9液体脂肪酸或衍生物),尽管这些脂肪酸不是优选的。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中,本发明涉及诱导含有上述表面活性剂体系的层状相液体清洗组合物形成的方法,该方法包括将约0.1-15%(重量),优选0.5-10%(重量)的如上所定义的并且熔点(MP)低于约25℃的结构剂加入到该组合物中。发明详述
本发明涉及含有特定表面活性剂体系的液体清洗组合物并且其中使用结构剂诱导相变到层状相组合物。这样的层状相组合物是优选的,因为它们可以容易地悬浮颗粒例如润肤剂颗粒(即由于高的零剪切粘度)并且还容易倾倒出(即非常容易剪切稀化)。另外,与现有技术可能的相比,使用这些结构剂允许使用较少的表面活性剂并提供了更大的通用性(即本申请人认为可以用于更多的表面活性剂体系)。另外,层状组合物柔软且分散时“积聚”,从而提供所需的和消费者合意的流变学。下面更详细地描述本发明。
表面活性剂
本发明的表面活性剂体系占该组合物的5-50%(重量),优选10-40%(重量),并且含有:
(a)一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂;
(b)两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂;和
(c)任选的非离子表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂可以是,例如,脂族磺酸盐,例如伯烷烃(例如C8-C22)磺酸盐、伯烷烃(例如C8-C22)二磺酸盐、C8-C22烯烃磺酸盐、C8-C22羟基烷烃磺酸盐或烷基甘油醚磺酸盐(AGS);或芳族磺酸盐例如烷基苯磺酸盐。
阴离子表面活性剂也可以是烷基硫酸盐(例如C12-C18烷基硫酸盐)或烷基醚硫酸盐(包括烷基甘油醚硫酸盐)。在烷基醚硫酸盐中是具有下式的那些硫酸盐:
RO(CH2CH2O)nSO3M其中R是具有8-18个碳原子,优选12-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,n是大于1.0的平均值,优选在2-3之间;和M是加溶阳离子例如钠、钾、铵或取代铵。月桂醚硫酸铵和月桂醚硫酸钠是优选的。
阳离子表面活性剂也可以是烷基磺基琥珀酸盐(包括单和二烷基,例如C6-C22磺基琥珀酸盐);烷基和酰基牛磺酸盐、烷基和酰基肌氨酸盐、磺基乙酸盐、C8-C22烷基磷酸盐和磷酸盐、烷基磷酸酯和烷氧基烷基磷酸酯、酰基乳酸盐、C8-C22单烷基琥珀酸盐和马来酸盐、磺基乙酸盐和酰基羟乙磺酸盐。
磺基琥珀酸盐可以是具有下式的单烷基磺基琥珀酸盐:
R4O2CCH2CH(SO3M)CO2M下式的酰氨基-MEA磺基琥珀酸盐:
R4CONHCH2CH2O2CCH2CH(SO3M)CO2M其中R4是C8-C22烷基和M是加溶阳离子;下式的酰氨基-MIPA磺基琥珀酸盐:
RCONH(CH2)CH(CH3)(SO3M)CO2M其中M与上面的定义相同。
肌氨酸盐一般由式RCON(CH3)CH2CO2M表示,其中R是C8-C20烷基和M是加溶阳离子。
牛磺酸盐一般由式R2CONR3CH2CH2SO3M表示,其中R2是C8-C20烷基,R3是C1-C4烷基和M是加溶阳离子。
另一类阴离子表面活性剂是烷氧基化物,例如如下:
R-(CH2CH2O)nCO2M其中R是C8-C20烷基,n是0-20;和M与上面的定义相同。
其它可以使用的羧酸盐是酰氨基烷基多肽羧酸盐,例如由Seppic生产的Monteine LCQ。
其它可以使用的表面活性剂是C8-C18酰基羟乙磺酸酯。这些酯是通过羟乙磺酸碱金属盐与具有6-18个碳原子并且碘值低于20的混合脂族脂肪酸之间反应制备的。至少75%的混合脂肪酸具有12-18个碳原子并且最高达25%的混合脂肪酸具有6-10个碳原子。
当其存在时,酰基羟乙磺酸盐一般为总组合物的约0.5-15%(重量)。优选地,该组分存在的量为约1-约10%。
该酰基羟乙磺酸盐可以是烷氧基化的酰基羟乙磺酸盐,例如在Ilardi等人的US5393466中所描述的,该文献引入本申请作为参考。该化合物具有通式:其中R是具有8-18个碳原子的烷基,m是1-4的整数,X和Y是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基和M+是一价阳离子,例如钠、钾或铵。
阴离子表面活性剂组分一般占组合物的约1-20%(重量),优选2-15%(重量),最优选5-12%(重量)。
两性离子和两性表面活性剂
用可以被广泛描述为脂族季铵、鏻、和锍化合物的那些化合物来举例说明两性离子表面活性剂,其中脂族基团可以是直链或支链,并且其中一个脂族取代基含有约8-约18个碳原子和一个含有阴离子基团,例如羧基、磺酸基、硫酸基、磷酸基或膦酸基。这些化合物的通式是:其中R2含有约8-约18个碳原子、0-约10个环氧乙烷部分和0-约1个甘油基部分的烷基、链烯基或羟基烷基基团;Y选自:氮、磷和硫原子;R3是含有约1-约3个碳原子的烷基或单羟基烷基;当Y是硫原子时,X是1,而当Y是氮或磷原子时,X是2;R4是约1-约4个碳原子的亚烷基或羟基亚烷基,和Z是选自:羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐和膦酸盐的基团。
这样的表面活性剂的例子包括:
4-[N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)-N-十八烷基铵基]-丁烷-1-羧酸盐;
5-[S-3-羟基丙基-S-十六烷基硫鎓基]-3-羟基戊烷-1-硫酸盐;
3-[P,P-二乙基-P-3,6,9-三氧杂tetra dexocyl磷鎓基]-2-羟基丙烷-1-磷酸盐;
3-[N,N-二丙基-N-3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基铵基]-丙烷-1-膦酸盐;
3-(N,N-二甲基-N-十六烷基铵基)-丙烷-1-磺酸盐;
3-(N,N-二甲基-N-十六烷基铵基)-2-羟基丙烷-1-磺酸盐;
4-[N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)-N-(2-羟基十二烷基)铵基]-丁烷-1-羧酸盐;
5-[S-乙基-S-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)硫鎓基]-丙烷-1-磷酸盐;
3-[P,P-二甲基-P-十二烷基磷鎓基]-丙烷-1-膦酸盐;和
5-[N,N-二(3-羟基丙基)-N-十六烷基铵基]-2-羟基-丙烷-1-硫酸盐。
可以用于本发明中的两性表面活性剂包括至少一个酸基团。它可以是羧酸或磺酸基团。它们包括季氮,因此是季酰氨酸。通常它们应该包括7-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基。它们通常具有下面的总结构式:
其中R1是7-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基;
R2和R3各自独立地是1-3个碳原子的烷基、羟基烷基或羧基烷基;
n是2-4;
m是0-1;
X是1-3个碳原子的、任选用羟基取代的亚烷基,和
Y是-CO2-或-SO3-。
其中m是2或3。在这两个式子中,R1、R2和R3与上面的定义相同。特别地,R1可以是从椰子衍生的C12和C14烷基基团的混合物,致使至少一半,优选至少四分之三的基团R1具有10-14个碳原子。R2和R3优选是甲基。
两性乙酸盐和二两性乙酸盐也用来转化成可以使用的、可能的两性离子和/或两性化合物。
该两性/两性离子表面活性剂一般占组合物的0.1-20%(重量),优选5-15%(重量)。
除了一种或多种阴离子和两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂外,该表面活性剂体系也任选地可以含有非离子表面活性剂。
特别地,可以使用的非离子表面活性剂包括具有疏水基团和活泼氢原子(例如脂族醇、酸、酰胺或烷基酚)的化合物与烯化氧,尤其是环氧乙烷或者单独或者与环氧丙烷一起的反应产物。具体的非离子洗涤剂化合物是烷基(C6-C22)酚-环氧乙烷缩合物、脂族(C8-C18)伯或仲直链或支链醇与环氧乙烷的缩合产物、通过环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和乙二胺反应产物缩合制得的产物。其它的所谓非离子洗涤剂化合物包括长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物和二烷基亚砜。
非离子表面活性剂也可以是糖酰胺,例如多糖酰胺。具体地,该表面活性剂可以是在Au等人的US5389279中所述的乳糖酰胺之一,该文献引入本申请作为参考,或者可以是在Kelkenberg的US5009814中所述的糖酰胺之一,该文献引入本申请作为参考。
可以使用的其它表面活性剂描述于Parran Jr的US3723325中,和如在Llenado的US4565647中所描述的烷基多糖非离子表面活性剂,这两个文献也引入本申请作为参考。
优选的烷基多糖是下式的烷基多苷:
R2O(CnH2nO)t(糖基)x其中R2选自:烷基、烷基苯基、羟基烷基、羟基烷基苯基和其混合物,其中烷基含有约10-约18,优选约12-约14个碳原子;n是0-3,优选2;t是0-约10,优选0;和x是1.3-约10,优选1.3-约2.7。该糖基优选是从葡萄糖衍生的。为了制备这些化合物,先形成醇或烷基聚乙氧基醇,然后与葡萄糖或葡萄糖源反应,从而形成糖苷(在1-位连接)。然后在其1-位和上述糖基单元的2-、3-、4-和/或6-位,优选主要在2-位之间连接另外的糖基单元。
非离子表面活性剂占组合物的0-10%(重量)。
通常,本发明的组合物是无皂组合物。在这样的无皂组合物中形成层状相完全是意想不到的。
结构剂
本发明提供了使用约0.1-15%(重量),优选1-10%(重量)结构剂的组合物,该结构剂在该组合物中起作用从而形成层状相。这样的层状相是优选的,因为它能够使组合物更容易地悬浮颗粒(例如润肤剂颗粒)同时还维持好的剪切稀化性质。该层状相也给消费者提供了理想的流变学性质(“积聚”)。
更具体地,在组合物没有被层状结构化并需要增强的颗粒悬浮/提高的地方,通常需要加入外部结构剂,例如聚羧乙烯制剂(例如交联的聚丙烯酸酯如Carbopol)和粘土。然而,这些外部结构剂具有差的剪切稀化性质,这明显地降低了消费者的可接受性。
本发明的结构剂通常是不饱和的、和/或支链的长链(C8-C24)液体脂肪酸或其酯衍生物;和/或不饱和的和/或支链的长链液体醇或其醚衍生物。它也可以是短链饱和的脂肪酸,例如癸酸或辛酸。尽管不希望受理论限制,但据信脂肪酸或醇的不饱和部分或者脂肪酸或醇的支链部分起作用从而“扰乱”表面活性剂疏水链并诱导层状相的形成。
可以使用的液体脂肪酸的例子是油酸、异硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸、反油酸、arichidonic酸、肉豆蔻脑酸和棕榈油酸。酯衍生物包括异硬脂酸丙二醇酯、油酸丙二醇酯、异硬脂酸甘油酯、油酸甘油酯和聚二异硬脂酸甘油酯。
醇的例子包括油醇和异硬脂醇。醚衍生物的例子包括异硬脂醚羧酸或油醚羧酸(isosteareth or oleth carboxylic acid);或异硬脂醚醇或油醚醇。
该结构剂定义为熔点低于约25℃的结构剂。
油/润肤剂
本发明的主要益处之一是在层状相组合物中悬浮油/润肤剂颗粒的能力。
各类油如下所述。
植物油:花生油、蓖麻油、可可油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、橄榄油、棕榈仁油、菜子油、红花油、芝麻油和豆油。
酯:肉豆蔻酸丁酯、棕榈酸十六烷基酯、油酸癸酯、月桂酸甘油酯、蓖麻酸甘油酯、硬脂酸甘油酯、异硬脂酸甘油酯、月桂酸己酯、棕榈酸异丁酯、硬脂酸异十六烷基酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、月桂酸异丙酯、亚油酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、单月桂酸丙二醇酯、蓖麻油酸丙二醇酯、硬脂酸丙二醇酯和异硬脂酸丙二醇酯。
动物脂:acytylatelte羊毛脂醇、羊毛脂、猪脂、貂油和牛脂。
脂肪酸和醇:山萮酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山萮醇、十六醇、二十醇和异十六醇。
油/润肤剂的其它例子包括:矿物油、石油、硅油例如二甲基聚硅氧烷、月桂基和肉豆蔻基乳酸酯。
应该理解:在润肤剂也可以起结构剂作用的地方,由于润肤剂(无论是起润肤剂或是起结构剂作用)不能多于组合物的20%,优选不多于15%,所以不应该双重包括润肤剂,例如,如果结构剂是15%油醇,那么作为“润肤剂”加入的油醇不能多于5%。
一般以组合物的约1-20%(重量),优选1-15%(重量)的量使用润肤剂/油。通常,它不多于组合物的20%。
另外,本发明的组合物可以包括下面任选组分:
有机溶剂,例如乙醇;辅助增稠剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、硅酸铝镁、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、carbopols、葡糖酰胺或从Rhone Poulenc得到的Antil;香料;多价螯合剂,例如乙二胺四乙酸四钠(EDTA)、EHDP或混合物,其量为0.01-1%,优选0.01-0.05%;和着色剂,遮光剂和珠光剂例如硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、TiO2、EGMS(单硬脂酸乙二醇酯)或Lytron 621(苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物);所有这些在增强产品的外观或化妆品性质方面均是有用的。
本发明的组合物还可以含有抗微生物剂例如2-羟基-4,2’,4’-三氯二苯基醚(DP300);防腐剂例如二羟甲基二甲基海因(GlydantXL1000)、羟苯甲酸酯、山梨酸等。
本发明的组合物也可以含有椰子酰基单-或二乙醇酰胺作为泡沫促进剂,并且也可以使用强电离盐例如氯化钠和硫酸钠从而获得益处。
如果合适的话,也可以有益地使用抗氧化剂,例如丁基化的羟基甲苯,其量为约0.01%或更高。
可以使用的阳离子调理剂包括Quatrisoft LM-200聚季铵-24、Merquat Plus 3330-聚季铵39;和Jaguar型调理剂。
可以使用的聚乙二醇包括:
Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M,
Polyox WSR-N-60k PEG 45M,或
Polyox WSR-N-750 PEG 7M。
可以使用的增稠剂包括:Amerchol Polymer HM 1500(NonoxynylHydroethyl cellulose);Glucam DOE 120(PEG 120甲基葡萄糖二油酸酯);从Rewo Chemicals得到的Rewoderm(PEG改性的椰子酸、棕榈酸或牛脂酸甘油酯);Antil141(从Goldschmidt得到)。
另一个可以使用的任选组分是抗絮凝聚合物,例如在Montague的US5147576中所公开的,该文献引入本文作为参考。
另一个可以使用的组分是剥离剂(exfoliant),例如聚氧乙烯球、胡桃片和杏籽。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中,本发明涉及诱导形成层状相液体组合物的方法,该组合物含有:
(a)如上所定义的表面活性剂体系(即一种或多种阴离子、两性/两性离子和任选地非离子表面活性剂);和
(b)如上所定义的润肤剂/油;该方法包括将0.1-20(重量),优选0.1-15%(重量)如上所定义的结构剂加入到该组合物中。
通常,在高温(150-180°F)下将该表面活性剂与去离子水均匀地混合。向其中加入辅助增稠剂、润肤剂油、结构剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂。将该混合物混合至均匀,然后冷却到90°-95°F。随着其冷却在约100°-120°F加入香料和其它温度敏感组分(色料)。该结构剂和润肤剂油也可以随着其冷却在低温加入。
现在借助于下面非限制性实施例更详细地描述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明目的并不打算以任何方式限制本发明。
除非另外说明,在说明书和实施例中的所有百分数均是以重量计。
实施例I-LX
下面的组合物I-IX制备如下:
在150°-180°F将表面活性剂与去离子水混合,接着加入辅助增稠剂、润肤剂油、结构剂、防腐剂、和抗氧化剂。将该混合物混合至均匀并冷却到90-95°F。随着其冷却在约100-120°F加入香料和敏感物(例如色料)。该结构剂和润肤剂油也可以在较低温度下加入。
组合物I-IX列于下面:
在每种情况下,加入结构剂均导致形成层状相。应该指出的是:在各种表面活性剂体系中使用结构剂总是具有相同的结果,即诱导层状相。
实施例X、XI和比较例A-O
制备由10%甜菜碱、5%椰子基羟乙磺酸钠和5%月桂醚硫酸钠组成的20%活性表面活性剂溶液。将1滴该溶液放在显微镜载片和盖片之间。然后将列于表中的实验材料与该表面活性剂溶液接触。在其中实验材料在室温变成固体的情况下,将该载片加热到略微高于该实验材料的熔点。然后在交叉偏振片之间在光学显微镜下检查表面活性剂和实验材料之间的界面。然后根据双折射确定相。具体地,层状相的特征在于有聚焦的园锥形油状条纹型结构而结晶相特征在于有明显的特征结晶结构。上述的接触制备是检查材料形成液晶相能力的标准方法。
根据所述实验方法,分析所选择的实验材料X、XI,结果如下:
实验材料 | 实施例 | 在室温形成层状相吗? |
油醇 | X | 是,层状结构 |
异硬脂酸 | XI | 是,层状结构 |
硬脂醇 | A | 没有,硬脂醇结晶出 |
十六醇 | B | 没有,十六醇结晶出 |
山萮醇 | C | 没有,山萮醇结晶出 |
硬脂酸 | D | 没有,硬脂酸结晶出 |
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 | E | 没有,光学各向同性 |
棕榈酸异丙酯 | F | 没有,光学各向同性 |
乳酸月桂酯 | G | 没有,光学各向同性 |
肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯 | H | 没有,光学各向同性 |
貂油 | I | 没有,光学各向同性 |
二甲聚硅氧烷(聚二甲基硅氧烷) | J | 没有,光学各向同性 |
橄榄油 | K | 没有,光学各向同性 |
豆油 | L | 没有,光学各向同性 |
葵花籽油 | M | 没有,光学各向同性 |
蓖麻油 | N | 没有,光学各向同性 |
聚乙二醇(MW=1450) | O | 没有,光学各向同性 |
该结果表明:很多形式的结构剂不能起诱导层状相的作用,而本发明的那些结构剂成功地诱导了层状相。
Claims (12)
1.一种液体清洗组合物,所述组合物含有
(a)5%-50%(重量)的表面活性剂体系,所述表面活性剂体系含有:
(i)阴离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂的混合物;和
(ii)两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂或其混合物;
(b)约0.1-15%(重量)的诱导层状相的结构剂,所述结构剂选自:
(i)C8-C24不饱和的和/或支链的液体脂肪酸或其酯;
(ii)C8-C24不饱和的和/或支链的液体醇或其醚;和
(iii)C5-C9饱和脂肪酸;其中所述的结构剂的熔点低于约25℃;所述的组合物含有不多于20%(重量)的润肤剂。
2.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,该组合物含有1%-20%(重量)的润肤剂。
3.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该表面活性剂体系还含有非离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂的混合物。
4.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该液体脂肪酸是油酸。
5.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该液体脂肪酸是异硬脂酸。
6.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该液体脂肪酸是选自异硬脂酸丙二醇酯、油酸丙二醇酯、异硬脂酸甘油酯、油酸甘油酯和聚二异硬脂酸甘油酯的脂肪酸酯衍生物。
7.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该液体醇结构剂是油醇。
8.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该液体醇结构剂是异硬脂醇。
9一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该润肤剂是硅氧烷。
10.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该润肤剂是植物油。
11.一种按照权利要求1的组合物,其中该润肤剂是酯。
12.一种在组合物中诱导层状相的方法,所述组合物含有:
(a)5%-80%(重量)的表面活性剂体系,所述表面活性剂体系含有:
(i)阴离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂的混合物;和
(ii)两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂;以及
(b)不多于20%(重量)的润肤剂;该方法包括加入约0.1-15%(重量)的结构剂,该结构剂选自:
(i)C8-C24不饱和的和/或支链的液体脂肪酸或其酯;
(ii)C8-C24不饱和的和/或支链的液体醇或其醚;和
(iii)C5-C9饱和脂肪酸;其中所述的结构剂的熔点低于约25℃。
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- 1996-07-23 AU AU67373/96A patent/AU719223B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-23 KR KR10-1998-0700894A patent/KR100439932B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-23 DE DE69627336T patent/DE69627336T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1996-07-23 WO PCT/EP1996/003284 patent/WO1997005857A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-23 CN CNB961961368A patent/CN1134251C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-23 RU RU98103982/14A patent/RU2180215C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-23 PL PL96324889A patent/PL186858B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-23 HU HU9901681A patent/HUP9901681A3/hu unknown
- 1996-07-23 CA CA2222274A patent/CA2222274C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN101610750B (zh) * | 2006-12-20 | 2013-11-06 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 包含脂肪酰羟乙基磺酸盐表面活性剂的稳定的液体清洁组合物 |
CN103228254A (zh) * | 2010-12-09 | 2013-07-31 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 含有长链脂肪酸的液体清洁组合物 |
CN103228254B (zh) * | 2010-12-09 | 2015-08-12 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 含有长链脂肪酸的液体清洁组合物 |
CN103842490A (zh) * | 2011-10-07 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社爱茉莉太平洋 | 高保湿清洗剂组合物 |
CN105050571A (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-11-11 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 浓缩层状液体个人清洁组合物 |
CN105050571B (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2016-12-21 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 浓缩层状液体个人清洁组合物 |
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CA2222274A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
HUP9901681A2 (hu) | 1999-11-29 |
MX9801006A (es) | 1998-04-30 |
HUP9901681A3 (en) | 2000-02-28 |
ZA966637B (en) | 1998-02-05 |
CN1134251C (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
KR100439932B1 (ko) | 2004-09-18 |
DE69627336T2 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
WO1997005857A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
JPH11513053A (ja) | 1999-11-09 |
US5952286A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
IN188081B (zh) | 2002-08-17 |
DE69627336D1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
CA2222274C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
AU719223B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
AR003200A1 (es) | 1998-07-08 |
EP0839023A1 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
MY115202A (en) | 2003-04-30 |
CZ289687B6 (cs) | 2002-03-13 |
PL324889A1 (en) | 1998-06-22 |
PL186858B1 (pl) | 2004-03-31 |
BR9609893A (pt) | 1999-05-25 |
EP0839023B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
ES2196166T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
CZ35598A3 (cs) | 1998-05-13 |
KR19990036226A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
RU2180215C2 (ru) | 2002-03-10 |
AU6737396A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
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