CN1189503C - 制备聚烯烃膜的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
制备聚烯烃膜的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1189503C CN1189503C CNB011196750A CN01119675A CN1189503C CN 1189503 C CN1189503 C CN 1189503C CN B011196750 A CNB011196750 A CN B011196750A CN 01119675 A CN01119675 A CN 01119675A CN 1189503 C CN1189503 C CN 1189503C
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- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
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Abstract
描述了一种制备聚烯烃膜的方法,通过由含有聚烯烃的物料生产膜,随后通过电子束处理膜。根据本发明方法制备的聚烯烃膜与现有技术的相比,其具有合适的价格,以及优异的层合性和压花性以及粒面的高稳定性等。
Description
本发明涉及一种由含有非交联聚烯烃的物料制备膜的方法,由其制造的复合结构,及成形体,以及其用途,例如用作汽车的内部覆盖层,特别是用作仪表板膜。
现在聚烯烃膜已经应用于各不相同的工业部门。特别重要是用作包装材料,用作覆盖膜或与其他的平面结构组合为复合结构。其应用的另一个领域是它们的再加工为成形体,例如通过深拉伸法。经常地,聚烯烃膜和/或由其制造的复合结构及成形体也希望达到美学的功能。上述的应用领域需要聚烯烃具有特别的性能范围,因此特别是与通过深拉伸法进行再加工有关的该膜应该同时具有高的机械隐定性和防老性,并且能够被压花,并且适于被层合,以及具有极好的粒面稳定性。
根据现有技术,具有指定性能的聚烯烃膜是通过使用部分交联的聚烯烃原料与其他热塑性聚烯烃的混合物而制备的。部分交联的原料是不能作为反应产品得到的。为了制备它们,因此,有必要在聚合后进行另外的反应步骤。该附加的反应将这些产品的价格提高到了明显高于聚烯烃商品的价格水平。先前使用的方法的另一个缺点在于由部分交联的聚烯烃原料与其他热塑性聚烯烃的混合物制造的聚烯烃膜在膜形成后其交联度及其性能被固定。由给定混合物制造的膜因此只适合于给定的应用范围。
从现有技术可以知遣,为了改进机械性能,用电子束来处理含有聚烯烃的扁平面结构。因此,EP-A-0425695描述了一种电子束交联的路径状(bahnfrmig)的发泡体,其通过一种方法而得到,该方法包括电子束硬化含有聚烯烃的均聚物和共聚物和发泡剂的混合物,随后通过热处理而发泡。电子束处理的技术目的在于:通过在发泡体的表面上交联聚合物防止在发泡剂的热分解过程中生成气体的逸散。生产的发泡体的密度为0.05-0.1g/cm3。随后描述的本发明方法不包括发泡条件。
从现有技术着手,本发明的目的是开发一种制备聚烯烃膜的方法,该膜可被压花且适于被层合,其具有极好的粒面稳定性,而且与根据现有方法制备的膜相比,能被更经济地制造。而且,本发明的方法开启了甚至在由原料形成膜后也可在一定限定内影响聚烯烃膜的机械性能的可能性。而且,也提出了这些聚烯烃膜和/或由其制造的复合结构的有益用途。
根据本发明,该目的是通过由具有非交联聚烯烃和可能的另一种添加剂的物料制备粒面膜的方法而完成的,其中用电子束处理得到的膜,特征在于:为了实现适用于深拉伸的粒面强度用电子束处理用常规方法得到的膜,密度为约0.7-1.2g/cm3的粒面膜被深拉伸。用电子束目标处理,使先前非交联的聚烯烃发生了相应的交联。
使用的非交联聚烯烃的范围不受任何原则性的限制。优选用作非交联的聚烯烃是:聚烯烃,例如PP,PE,聚1-丁烯,聚异丁烯,聚(4-甲基戊烯),与C2,C4-C12-α-烯烃的PP共聚物或三元共聚物,与C3-C12-α-烯烃的PE共聚物或三元共聚物及其混合物,其中也可以使用二烯烃单体作为共聚用或三聚用单体,其包含非共轭双键,例如,1,4-己二烯,5-甲基-1,5己二烯,5-亚乙基-降冰片烯(norbonene),5-亚丁基-2-降冰片烯,二聚环戊二烯,1,4-辛二烯,环己二烯或环辛二烯;丙烯和/或乙烯与极性共聚用单体如丙烯酸和/或其C1-C12酯,甲基丙烯酸和/或其C1-C12酯,饱和C2-C8羧酸乙烯基酯的共聚物,任选地含有一氧化碳作为三聚用单体;丙烯和/或乙烯与8-45%不饱和羧酸,二羧酸,它们的酯和/或酸酐的接枝单元的接枝共聚物,以及所述聚合物的混合物。特别优选使用的是聚丙烯,聚乙烯,聚丙烯与C2、C4-C12-α-烯烃的共聚物或三元共聚物和/或聚乙烯与C3-C12-α-烯烃的共聚物或三聚物。
优选地,聚烯烃在交联前其特征在于:熔体流动指数MFI(230℃,2.16kg)约为0.1-800g/10min.,特别是约0.1-200g/10min.,最优选约0.1-20g/10min.。
除了非交联聚烯烃,用于制备膜的物料也可以含有另外的聚合物组分。因此也可以有一定比例的预交联共聚物,其中应设定该比例,从而充分地满足上述目的,这样例如可以达到所追求的价格优势。这些预交联的聚合物优选的用量小于10%,优选小于约5%,特别小于3%。
除了聚合物组分,制备膜使用的物料优选含有多种助剂,例如交联助剂,稳定剂诸如抗氧剂,光线保护剂和/或防老剂。例如,在随后的电子束处理中为了得到足够的交联度,优选使用交联助剂。其特别应用于聚烯烃中,对于其链裂解,它作为交联的并发反应,产生了显著的效果。特别涉及到具有叔和季C-原子的聚烯烃。用作交联助剂的特别是一元或多元不饱和化合物,例如一元或多元醇的丙烯酸酯,例如三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,一元或多元醇的甲基丙烯酸酯,例如三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,乙烯官能组分,例如苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯,烯丙基化合物,例如三烯丙基氰尿酸酯,三烯丙基异氰酸酯,硫,对醌二肟,P,P′-二苯甲酰基醌二肟,N-甲基-N,4-二亚硝基苯胺,硝基苯,二苯胍,三羟甲基丙烷-N,N’-间亚苯基二马来酰亚胺。特别优选三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯用作交联剂。在优选的实施方案中,相对于非交联聚烯烃物料的含量,使用的交联剂的数量最高到约20%重量,优选最高到10%重量,更优选2-6%重量。优选包括抗氧剂作为稳定剂,特别是酚衍生物,内酯,亚磷酸盐和/或空间位阻胺,数量为约最高到5,优选约最高到3.5%重量,更优选约0.2-2.5%重量,相对于物料的重量。
在本发明的范围内,如果提到以通常方法得到本发明的辐射膜的话,那么事实上该资料对于提到的专业人员来说是足够的。特别涉及到挤出方法,共挤出和压延法,以及吹塑成形。特别是根据挤出和压延法时使用非交联组分的膜成形具有优点,即与预交联组分相比,有可能在低温下进行此加工步骤,并且具有较快的速度。膜的交联可以在膜制备后、涂覆加工后、在层压加工后或压花加工后直接进行。辐射既可以在一个侧面上又可以两个侧面上进行。单侧面辐射时,在交联过程中,可见侧以及其反侧可以面对电子束。
根据本发明方法制备的膜的厚度没有特别地限定,其中厚度优选约0.2-2.0,特别是约0.4-1.4mm。在本发明的范围,如在其辐射后形成的,膜厚度在相对大的范围内,特别是在约0.8-1.0的范围内,优选在约0.85-0.95g/cm3的范围内。
根据本发明,通过以电子束进行交联时所用辐射剂量,辐射膜的机械性能可以控制在一定的范围内。优选,用辐射剂量约10-500,特别是30-300kJ/m2的电子束来进行处理。聚烯烃膜的凝胶含量,其对于机械性能是很重要的,也受到施加的辐射剂量的影响。在本发明的范围内,根据提取法来测定凝胶含量。有益的是用电子束对膜进行处理到这样的程度,即使凝胶含量约5-80,特别是约15-65%。
根据本发明的方法制备的辐射聚烯烃膜由于其特别良好的压花性而有名。在一个优选实施方案中,将聚烯烃膜进行压花,例如粒化。膜的高粒面稳定性证明是特别优选的。根据本发明的聚烯烃膜的另一个优点在于其优异的层合性,因此它优选被层合而形成复合结构。除此之外,在本发明的优选实施方案中,聚烯烃膜或由其制备的复合结构可以被深拉伸而形成为成形体。该膜还可以在用电子束处理之前按照压花和/或层合法进行再加工。
根据本发明方法制备的聚烯烃膜以及由它们制备的复合结构和成形体有多个优点。本发明得到的成形为成形体的聚烯烃膜特别适合用作汽车的内部覆盖层,特别用作仪表板膜,其中粒面的高稳定性是要考虑的重要事项。由于汽车的使用期限长,所以这些汽车仪表板膜有很高的要求。稳定、清洁的粒面纹路对于汽车内部覆盖层的品质印像特别重要。由非交联聚烯烃替换初始物料中的预交联聚烯烃大大地节约了成本。另一个优点在于:通过调整适当的辐射剂量进行的随后膜的交联使其在一定范围内来影响机械性能成为可能。除了粒面的高稳定性外,根据本发明的聚烯烃膜还具有极好的压花和层合性能。已经显示出,在通过深拉伸法进行再加工中,得到了特别有益的性能。用已知方法,经常会在深拉伸加工中,深拉伸膜区域的均匀性被扰乱和/或甚至破裂。根据本发明这些不利的现象大大排除在外。最后,根据本发明得到的膜的表面光泽明显降低。
利用实施例,下面将更详细地解释本发明。
实施例1-由含有聚烯烃的物料挤出膜
根据表1所示的配方,聚烯烃和其他组分的混合物在双轴挤出机上(ZSK 254D 28)挤出成为0.45mm厚的膜。根据
表2所示的数据调整料筒和喷嘴的温度。
表1
挤出膜使用的配方
1 | 2 | 对比例 | |
热塑性弹性体(非交联)密度0.89g/ml,MFI1.0g/10min.(230℃;2.16kg) | 80 | 80 | - |
低密度聚乙烯,密度0.88g/ml,MFI0.5g/10min(190℃;2.16kg) | 20 | 20 | 15 |
三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 | 2 | 2 | - |
热塑性弹性体(交联),密度0.88g/ml,MFI10-15g/10min(230℃;10kg),交联度35% | 50 | ||
无规共聚物PP,密度0.90g/mlMFI0.5g/10min(230℃;2.16kg) | 35 | ||
苯并三唑衍生物(UV保护剂) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
苯并三唑衍生物(UV保护剂) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
空间位阻酚(抗氧剂)熔点范围110-125℃ | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
炭黑(颜料) | 3 | 3 | 3 |
表2
在挤出膜期间,料筒和喷嘴的温度,℃
1区 2区 3区 4区 5区 6区
料筒 180 175 185 195 205 -
喷嘴 210 210 210 210 210 210
将挤出的膜切割成82cm的长条并用氧化硅颗粒模型进行半面压花。
实施例2-用电子束将实施例1得到的膜辐射,并且在小型屋顶形状模具上深拉伸。
将实施例1中制备的膜或者是未经处理,或者是用30kJ/m2,75kJ/m2或150kJ/m2辐射后在小型屋面形状模具上进行深拉伸加工。在温度为160℃时进行深拉伸。随后,将这样处理过的膜根据形状、粒面和光泽来进行评估。结果示于表3。
表3
1(根据本发明) | 2(根据本发明) | 对比例 | |
在小型屋面形状模具上在160℃深拉伸/未辐射 | |||
形状粒面光泽 | 可接受扁平非常亮 | 可接受扁平非常亮 | 可接受轮廓清晰,隆起的粒面图形黯淡 |
在小棚形上以160℃/30kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
形状粒面光泽 | 可接受轮廓清晰,隆起的粒面凹陷非常亮 | 可接受轮廓清晰,隆起的粒面凹陷非常亮 | |
在小棚形上以160℃/75kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
形状粒面光泽 | 可接受轮廓清晰,隆起的粒面凹陷非常亮 | 可接受轮廓清晰,隆起的粒面凹陷非常亮 | |
在小棚形上以160℃/150kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
形状粒面光泽 | 可接受轮廓清晰,粒面凹陷,未隆起黯淡 | 可接受轮廓清晰,粒面凹陷,未降起黯淡 |
实施例3-根据提取法测定凝胶含量
根据提取法测定凝胶含量的草案;
作为样品,将三个厚度为1mm的膜条精确地称重(重量应为约0.0475g)。
-将样品放入玻璃试管中,为了防止样品飘浮而向其中置入不锈钢丝制塞子。
-用二甲苯来填充玻璃试管到其上缘,并用膜来封闭,防止溶剂的蒸发。而且,所有的试管都包装于膜层中。
-所有的样品在加热到120℃的油浴中放置24小时。
-对于每一样品准确称重滚筒筛(筛选装置的目数为200,重量为样品重量的约10倍)
-在油浴中经过24小时的保温后,通过滚筒筛将二甲苯残余物从试管中滤出,从而“凝胶”保留在滚筒筛的里面。
-随后,将滚筒筛置于金属板上并且在150℃的真空烘箱中干燥至少5小时。
-在真空烘箱中经过5小时的干燥时间之后,使滚筒筛冷却到室温10分钟。
-之后,根据含有凝胶的滚筒筛准确重量。
使用如下公式来确定凝胶含量;
[重量(带凝胶的滚筒筛)]-[无凝胶的滚筒筛的重量]=
[重量(凝胶)]
(1)
(2)
对于已经进行各种辐射剂量处理和在小型屋面形状模具上深拉伸的膜,测量的凝胶含量如表4所示。
表4
1 | 2 | 对比例 | |
在小型屋面形状模具上在160℃深拉伸/未辐射 | |||
凝胶含量提取法 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
在小型屋面形状模具上在160℃/30kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
凝胶含量提取法 | 1 | 5 | |
在小型屋面形状模具上在160℃/75kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
凝胶含量提取法 | 12 | 18 | |
在小型屋面形状模具上在160℃/150kJ/m2深拉伸 | |||
凝胶含量提取法 | 34 | 46 |
Claims (15)
1.制备含有部分交联聚烯烃和可能含有另外添加剂的粒面成形体的方法,其特征在于:由未交联的聚烯烃和可能的另外添加剂制备膜,将该膜压花和为了实现适合于深拉伸的粒面稳定性,将该膜用电子束处理,并将处理过的密度为0.7-1.2g/cm3的膜进行深拉伸形成具有粒面的成形体。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:作为非交联的聚烯烃使用的是聚丙烯,聚乙烯,与C2,C4-C12-α-烯烃的聚丙烯共聚物或三元聚合物,和/或者与C3-C12-α-烯烃的聚乙烯共聚物或三元聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:在物料中包含一种交联助剂。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于:选择三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯用作交联助剂。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于:相对于非交联聚烯烃物料的含量,使用的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯的数量最高到20%重量。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:在物料中包含一种稳定剂。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于:在物料中作为稳定剂使用的是酚衍生物,内酯,亚磷酸盐和/或空间位阻胺,数量为最高到5%重量。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于辐射膜的厚度为0.2-2.0mm。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于辐射膜的厚度为0.4-1.4mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:用电子束处理膜时的辐射剂量为10-500kJ/m2。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:用电子束处理膜的程度是,使在辐射膜出现的凝胶含量为15-65%重量。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:将辐射膜进行层合而形成复合结构。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:得到的成形体用作为汽车内部覆盖层。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:得到的成形体用作仪表板膜。
15.深拉伸的粒面成形体,是基于一种交联的聚烯烃和可能含有的另外添加剂,其密度为0.7-1.2g/cm3和凝胶含量为15-65%重量,并且具有良好的粒面稳定性和无光泽的表面,是根据权利要求1-12之一的方法得到。
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DE102009025994A1 (de) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers |
DE102009025995A1 (de) | 2009-06-18 | 2011-03-31 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers |
DE102011000399A1 (de) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Kunststofffolie |
DE102011053224A1 (de) | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Thermoplastische Elastomerzusammensetzung, Folie und Verwendung |
DE102013109408A1 (de) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Mehrschichtiges Flächengebilde und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE102013014705A1 (de) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Abdeckfolie für eine Armaturentafel eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
DE102013110036A1 (de) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-12 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Folie und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102014222958A1 (de) | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-12 | Benecke-Kaliko Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schaumfolienlaminats und dessen Verwendung |
DE102015207818A1 (de) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-17 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Leitfähige Folie für eine Widerstandsheizung |
DE102015220034A1 (de) | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Folienlaminat und Innenverkleidungsteil für Kraftfahrzeuge |
DE102016206340A1 (de) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Folienlaminat und Innenverkleidungsteil für Kraftfahrzeuge |
CN107955243B (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-02-02 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 一种聚乙烯薄膜及其制备方法 |
DE102016225469A1 (de) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-21 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lackierten genarbten Folie, die lackierte genarbte Folie und deren Verwendung |
CN108264671B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-10-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 聚烯烃组合物和聚烯烃膜以及表面装饰复合材料及其制备方法 |
DE102020205462A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Benecke-Kaliko Aktiengesellschaft | Genarbte Folie mit Rezyklat zur Verarbeitung in Tiefziehverfahren |
DE102021211290A1 (de) | 2021-09-13 | 2023-03-16 | Benecke-Kaliko Aktiengesellschaft | Genarbte Folie mit Rezyklat zur Verarbeitung in Tiefziehverfahren |
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DE19743058A1 (de) † | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verstellung der Übersetzung eines CVT |
US6207237B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2001-03-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Elastic nonwoven webs and films |
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-
2000
- 2000-04-12 DE DE10018196A patent/DE10018196A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-03-16 PT PT01106354T patent/PT1149858E/pt unknown
- 2001-03-16 AT AT01106354T patent/ATE258954T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-16 DE DE50101418T patent/DE50101418D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 ES ES01106354T patent/ES2213646T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 EP EP01106354A patent/EP1149858B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-03 MX MXPA01003433A patent/MXPA01003433A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-05 JP JP2001106858A patent/JP4504588B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-09 US US09/829,196 patent/US6663738B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-09 CA CA002343349A patent/CA2343349C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-10 BR BR0104797-3A patent/BR0104797A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-11 CN CNB011196750A patent/CN1189503C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-11 ZA ZA200103042A patent/ZA200103042B/xx unknown
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PT1149858E (pt) | 2004-06-30 |
JP4504588B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
MXPA01003433A (es) | 2004-09-10 |
ES2213646T3 (es) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1149858B1 (de) | 2004-02-04 |
DE10018196A1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
BR0104797A (pt) | 2002-02-05 |
US6663738B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
JP2002036347A (ja) | 2002-02-05 |
US20020121730A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
ES2213646T5 (es) | 2008-02-16 |
CA2343349C (en) | 2009-11-17 |
DE50101418D1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
ZA200103042B (en) | 2001-11-05 |
CN1327001A (zh) | 2001-12-19 |
ATE258954T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
EP1149858A1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
CA2343349A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 |
EP1149858B2 (de) | 2007-08-29 |
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