CN117898164A - Cultivation and maintenance method for elm bonsai - Google Patents
Cultivation and maintenance method for elm bonsai Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of cultivation and maintenance of bonsai, in particular to a cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai. A cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai comprises the following steps: s1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and coarse elms, small old piles are selected; s2, digging piles; s3, pre-treating the pot; s4, loading the pot; s5, pouring root setting water: s6, moisturizing; s7, fertilizing; s8, pruning: pruning branches and leaves once in autumn every year; s9, insect prevention and disease treatment; s10, maintaining the environment; s11, turning over a basin and changing soil: culturing for 2-3 years, turning basin, changing soil, watering thoroughly for 1-2 days, placing in a shady and ventilated place, and piling for 5-7 days until the tree vigor is restored. The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation, beautiful posture and high survival rate of the cultivated elm bonsai, and is suitable for bonsai cultivation of commercial bonsai and ordinary family personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cultivation and maintenance of bonsai, in particular to a cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai.
Background
Elms are widely distributed in China, generally grow in areas with the altitude of 1000 m-2500 m, and most of the growing areas are hills, shagang, mountains and the like. Because of the distribution and the growing places of the elms, the elms are determined to be easy to obtain and have strong adaptability. These are also excellent characteristics as a kind of bonsai tree species. Besides the above characteristics, elms have the following advantages as bonsai tree species: 1. elm branch is flexible, and is convenient for flat rolling and shaping in the culture process. 2. Elm leaves are small and beautiful. Mature elm bonsai, whether large or miniature, has its leaves in bright spots. 3. The elm has clear four seasons in the growth process, the new buds in spring are just bloomed, the green leaves in summer are cloud-like, the leaves in autumn are bright and attractive, and the iron bones zhengzheng after the leaves fall in winter also have special flavor. 4. The elm has strong sprouting force, and the lack of available branches is not worried about in the process of manufacturing the bonsai. 5. Elm root system is abundant and soft, and the branches are strong, so that the elm can be easily handled whether in a big tree shape, a short tyrant shape, a root-lifting shape, a stone-attaching shape and the like. 6. The elm has extremely strong healing capability, and bonsai people can test on the elm with new ideas, and the bonsai can perform large actions such as carving, hollowed-out, sawing and bending, and the like, which are all excellent experimental tree species. Although elm bonsai has such advantages, a set of systematic cultivation and maintenance method is not available at present, so that the ordinary personnel can maintain the bonsai by themselves. Therefore, development of a cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai is urgently needed to meet the demands of popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at providing a cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The application provides a cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai comprises the following steps:
s1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and coarse elms, small old piles are selected;
S2, pile digging: firstly, cutting off branches, starting from the upper part, cutting off at a proper position according to an assumed original rudiment of a bonsai, cutting off useless branches, then digging soil, cutting off main roots, reserving more fibrous roots as much as possible, properly taking core-protecting soil to descend a mountain, and smearing a kerf with a healing agent or erythromycin ointment after digging so as to avoid transpiration and water loss;
S3, basin loading pretreatment: before the cultivation of the stumps, firstly cutting off useless branches according to the selected modeling, regulating and cutting off root parts, smoothing root part kerfs, cleaning up a tree body, smearing a healing agent, standing for 1-2 hours, soaking the stumps for 15-20 minutes with gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L-200 mg/L after dry and hard shrinkage, taking out, airing, and putting the stumps into a basin for cultivation;
S4, basin loading: the method is characterized in that a shallow-seed high-surrounding mode is adopted for growing embryos in a basin, and when the embryos are put in the basin, large, medium and small-grain culture soil is paved from bottom to top in sequence, and when the culture soil is paved, the basin wall is required to be beaten to tightly combine the roots with the culture soil;
s5, pouring root setting water: irrigating the root fixing water, and placing the root fixing water in a shade place after the root fixing water is irrigated thoroughly;
S6, moisturizing: wrapping the tree body with moisturizing cotton, and watering periodically to keep the culture soil dry and wet;
S7, fertilizing: the fertilization principle is that the growth is strong and vigorous, the fertilization is little when the growth is weak, and the fertilization is not performed during dormancy; applying the organic fertilizer for 2-3 times in the period from October to October every year, wherein the interval time between each application of the organic fertilizer is 15 days;
S8, pruning: pruning branches and leaves once in autumn every year;
S9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the method is characterized in that the method is used for preventing spraying no matter whether insect pests are found or not in the season of growing elm every year, and the diluent obtained by diluting the omethoate with 1000 times of water with the mass concentration of 40% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the elm for 2-3 times, so that the harm of diseases and insects can be greatly reduced; when the elm is found to have pests, spraying and controlling the pests by using a diluent obtained by diluting 50% of thiophanate methyl by 700 times of water or a diluent obtained by diluting 40% of carbendazim by 300 times of water, spraying the pesticide once for 5-8 days, and continuously spraying the pesticide for 3-4 times;
S10, maintenance environment: cultivating potted elm in a well-ventilated environment with sufficient sunlight to ensure that each surface of the elm is uniformly illuminated, and adjusting the direction every 3-4 months;
S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: culturing for 2-3 years, turning basin, changing soil, watering thoroughly for 1-2 days, placing in a shady and ventilated place, and piling for 5-7 days until the tree vigor is restored.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, S1, select the stake: the reason for selecting the small old pile is that the small old pile is relatively stable in shape, low and compact in plant shape, peculiar in shape, thick in branches and leaves and attractive in appearance. The selection of suitable elm stumps is the basis for the cultivation of the whole bonsai. S2, pile digging: the cutting of the branches and the digging of the soil are used for arranging root systems and tree bodies so as to enable the root systems and the tree bodies to conform to the envisaged original prototype of the bonsai. The branches can be cut off to remove useless branches, the main roots can be cut off by excavating soil, and more fibrous roots are reserved. The healing agent or erythromycin ointment is used for coating the kerf, so that the wound healing can be helped, and the water loss caused by the transpiration can be reduced. S3, basin loading pretreatment: before the pot is put on, the stumps need to be treated. The processing of cutting off useless branches and adjusting the root can lead the stump to more meet the modeling requirement of the bonsai. The application of the healing agent and gibberellin solution can promote the growth and recovery of stumps. S4, basin loading: the embryo is raised in the basin in a shallow high-surrounding mode, and the development and growth of roots can be better controlled in the mode. The laying of the culture soil with different granularities can provide good root drainage conditions. S5, pouring root setting water: the root water can fully absorb water by irrigating the root, so that the growth of trees is promoted. The bonsai is placed in a shade place, so that damage to trees caused by insolation can be avoided. S6, moisturizing: the moisture-retaining cotton can maintain the humidity of the culture soil and prevent excessive drying. The water demand of trees can be met by regular watering. S7, fertilizing: the fertilization principle is determined according to the growth condition of elms. The fertilizer is applied more when the growth is strong, less when the growth is weak, and no fertilizer is applied in the dormancy period. The organic fertilizer can provide nutrients and promote the growth of trees. S8, pruning: the shape trimming of the branches and leaves is carried out in autumn every year, and the shape and the posture of the bonsai can be adjusted, so that the bonsai is more attractive. S9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the insect pest prevention spraying is carried out in the season of elm growing in a great quantity, so that the damage of insect pests can be reduced. If the elm is found to have pests, the corresponding diluent is used for spray control in time, so that the health state of the elm can be maintained. S10, maintenance environment: the potted elm can be placed in a sunny, well ventilated environment to provide good growth conditions. The trees can be uniformly irradiated by periodically adjusting the direction. S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: after a period of cultivation, elms need to turn over the pots and change the soil to provide new nutrients and a better growing environment. After the basin is turned over and the soil is changed, proper watering is needed, and then the tree is placed in a shady and cool ventilation place for pile relief, and the tree is waited for growth recovery.
Preferably, in step S1, the small old stake is a elm with short and compact plant shape, peculiar shape and thick branches and leaves, or is limited by a mountain Dan Yabi, and the elm with peculiar shape grows naturally.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the step S1, the small old pile is selected because the pile is short and compact in shape, peculiar in tree form and thick in branches and leaves. Such stumps are easier to shape into the form of bonsai and are relatively simple to maintain. In addition, the small old stumps can grow in the environments such as the mountain Dan Yabi, and the like, and the small old stumps naturally form peculiar shapes, are very suitable to be used as objects for cultivating and maintaining bonsais, and can add unique natural charm to the bonsais. Therefore, in the application, the small old stumps are selected as the stump selecting objects of the elm bonsai, so that the requirements of bonsai cultivation and maintenance can be met, and the graceful and peculiar elm bonsai form can be created.
Preferably, in step S2, the pile digging time is in the morning or in the evening.
Preferably, in step S4, the culture soil is selected from one of coarse sand, furnace cinder and crushed bricks, which have strong air permeability and hydrophobicity.
Preferably, in step S5, the watering method for the root-watering water is a soaking method for soaking uniformly.
Preferably, in step S6, the regular watering is to spray water once a day during the survival period, and when the weather temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed once in the morning and evening; the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are that the humidity of the culture soil is kept between 50 and 60 percent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of regular watering is to ensure nutrient supply and moisture absorption of the elm bonsai and keep the root system healthy. The soil can be kept moist by spraying water once every day, enough moisture is provided for the root system of the elm to be absorbed, and the growth of potted plants is prevented from being blocked due to the fact that the soil is too dry. The soil humidity is maintained within the range of 50-60%, so that the occurrence of hypoxia and root rot of the soil root system can be reduced, and the root system growth and nutrient absorption of the elm bonsai are facilitated. In addition, the control of soil humidity is also helpful to maintain the beautiful shape of the bonsai and the healthy growth of plants.
Preferably, in step S7, the fertilizer is applied once in winter, either as a base fertilizer, and once every 3-9 months each year, with nitrogen fertilizer applied once per month to maintain the normal growth nutrient requirements of the elm plants.
Preferably, in step S8, the pruning is to perform 1 full pruning every year when elm leaves, prune out branches with improper or bad growth such as dead branches, diseased branches, old branches, weak branches, dense branches, disordered branches, etc., clean the branches, make trees, keep the Jing Shuxing state graceful for ornamental.
Preferably, in step S11, the principle of bowl turning and soil replacement is as follows: firstly, removing 1/4-1/3 of old culture soil and root system, adding new culture soil, watering, placing in a ventilation place for relieving for 1 week, and recovering tree vigor; secondly, the root disc does not damage too much or consume too much root systems and fibrous roots when changing the basin, and the plant can thrive; the pot changing time is before germination in spring.
In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the application are as follows:
1. the operation is simple: the method provides detailed steps, so that the cultivation and maintenance of the elm bonsai become simple and feasible. Even for ordinary household personnel, the maintenance of the elm bonsai can be easily performed.
2. The posture is beautiful: through the steps of cutting off branches, digging piles, cleaning tree bodies and the like, the elm bonsai can be molded according to the original embryonic form of the bonsai, so that the posture of the elm bonsai is in a graceful form, and the cultivated elm bonsai is graceful in posture and is favorable for being favored.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The used reagent or instrument is not marked for manufacturers, is a conventional product which can be purchased from the market, and the healing agent is a Hutu healing agent of Sichuan optical agrochemicals Co., ltd; the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer produced by Jufeng biotechnology limited company in Jiangmen.
Example 1
The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai comprises the following steps:
S1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and coarse elms, small old piles are selected, and the first choice of small old piles is limited by mountain Dan Yabi, so that elms with peculiar natural growth shapes are grown;
S2, pile digging: the pile digging time is evening, firstly, pruning is carried out, cutting is carried out at a proper position from the upper part according to the designed original rudiment of the bonsai, useless branches are cut off, then soil is dug, main roots are cut off, more fibrous roots are reserved as far as possible, the soil with a core can be properly protected to fall into a mountain, and after digging is finished, a healing agent is used for smearing a kerf to avoid transpiration and water loss;
s3, basin loading pretreatment: before the cultivation of the stumps, firstly cutting off useless branches according to the selected modeling, adjusting and cutting off root parts, smoothing root part kerfs, cleaning up a tree body, smearing a healing agent, standing for 1 hour, soaking the stumps for 20 minutes by using a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L after dry and hard shrinkage, taking out, airing, and putting the stumps into a basin for cultivation;
S4, basin loading: the method is characterized in that a 'shallow seed high-enclosure' mode is adopted for raising embryos in a basin, coarse sand with strong air permeability and hydrophobicity of large, medium and small grains is paved from bottom to top in sequence for bedding, and when the coarse sand with strong air permeability and hydrophobicity is paved, the basin wall is flapped to tightly combine the roots with the coarse sand with strong air permeability and hydrophobicity;
s5, pouring root setting water: soaking by soaking basin method, irrigating with fixed root water, and placing in shade place;
S6, moisturizing: wrapping the tree body with moisturizing cotton, and watering periodically, spraying water once a day during survival, and spraying water once in the morning and evening when the weather temperature is higher than 30 ℃; the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are maintained to be 50 percent, and the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are maintained;
S7, fertilizing: the method comprises the steps of applying manure once in winter as a base fertilizer, applying nitrogen fertilizer once in each month for 3-9 months each year so as to keep the normal nutrient growth requirement of elm plants, and not applying fertilizer during dormancy; applying the organic fertilizer for 2 times in the period from October to October every year, wherein the interval time between each application of the organic fertilizer is 15 days;
S8, pruning: the method comprises the steps of carrying out 1-time comprehensive pruning when elm leaves fall in autumn every year, pruning branches with improper growth or bad growth such as dead branches, diseased branches, old branches, weak branches, dense branches and disordered branches, clearing the branches, building the tree, and keeping Jing Shuxing-state grace for ornamental;
S9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the method has the advantages that the method can prevent and spray the elm in the season of growing very well every year no matter whether insect pests are found or not, and the harm of diseases and insects can be greatly reduced by spraying the elm leaf surfaces with the diluent obtained by diluting the omethoate with 1000 times of water with the mass concentration of 40 percent for 2 times; when the elm is found to have diseases and insects, spraying and controlling the elm by using a diluent obtained by diluting 50% of thiophanate methyl with 700 times of water, spraying the medicine once in 5 days, and continuously spraying the medicine for 3 times;
S10, maintenance environment: cultivating potted elm in a well-ventilated environment with sufficient sunlight to ensure that each surface of the potted elm is uniformly illuminated, and adjusting the direction every 3 months;
S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: 2 years after cultivation, basin turning and soil changing are carried out, water is thoroughly poured after 2 days after basin turning and soil changing, the water is put at a shady and cool ventilation place for pile slowing for 7 days after watering, and the principle of basin turning and soil changing is that the tree vigor is recovered: firstly, removing 1/4 of old coarse sand with strong air permeability and hydrophobicity and root system, adding new coarse sand with strong air permeability and hydrophobicity, watering, placing in a ventilation place for relieving for 1 week, and recovering tree vigor; secondly, the root disc does not damage too much or consume too much root systems and fibrous roots when changing the basin, and the plant can thrive; the pot changing time is before germination in spring.
Example 2
The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai comprises the following steps:
s1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and thick elms, small old piles are selected, and the small old piles are first selected to be elms with short and compact plant shape, peculiar shape and thick branches and leaves;
S2, pile digging: the pile digging time is in the morning, firstly, pruning is carried out, cutting is carried out at a proper position according to the designed original rudiment of the bonsai from the upper part, useless branches are cut off, then soil is dug, main roots are cut off, more fibrous roots are reserved as far as possible, the soil with a core can be properly protected to fall into a mountain, and after digging is finished, erythromycin ointment is used for smearing a kerf to avoid transpiration and water loss;
S3, basin loading pretreatment: before the cultivation of the stumps, firstly cutting off useless branches according to the selected modeling, adjusting and cutting off root parts, smoothing root part kerfs, cleaning up a tree body, smearing a healing agent, standing for 2 hours, soaking the stumps in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200 mg/L for 15 minutes after the stumps shrink dry and hard, taking out the stumps, airing the stumps, and putting the stumps into a basin for cultivation;
s4, basin loading: the method comprises the steps of (1) feeding a basin with a shallow high-enclosure mode, wherein when the basin is fed, large, medium and small-grain furnace cinder is paved from bottom to top in sequence for bedding, and when the furnace cinder is paved, the basin wall is required to be flapped to tightly combine the root with the furnace cinder;
s5, pouring root setting water: soaking by soaking basin method, irrigating with fixed root water, and placing in shade place;
S6, moisturizing: wrapping the tree body with moisturizing cotton, and watering periodically, spraying water once a day during survival, wherein the weather temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and spraying water once in the morning and evening; the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are kept to be 60 percent, and the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are kept;
S7, fertilizing: the cake fertilizer can be applied once in winter as a base fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied once every month for 3-9 months each year so as to keep the normal nutrient growth requirement of elm plants, and the fertilizer is not applied during dormancy; applying the organic fertilizer 3 times in the period from October to October every year, wherein the interval time between each application of the organic fertilizer is 15 days;
S8, pruning: carrying out 1-time comprehensive pruning when elm leaves fall in autumn every year, pruning branches with improper growth or bad growth such as dead branches, diseased branches, old branches, weak branches, dense branches, disordered branches and the like, clearing the branches, building tree, keeping Jing Shuxing-state grace and facilitating ornamental;
S9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the method has the advantages that the method can prevent and spray the elm in the season of growing very well every year no matter whether insect pests are found or not, and the harm of diseases and insects can be greatly reduced by spraying the elm leaf surfaces with the diluent obtained by diluting the omethoate with 1000 times of water with the mass concentration of 40% for 3 times; when the elm is found to have diseases and insects, spraying the diluted solution obtained by diluting the carbendazim with 300 times of water with the mass concentration of 40% for prevention and treatment, spraying the medicine once in 8 days, and continuously spraying the medicine for 4 times;
s10, maintenance environment: cultivating potted elm in a well-ventilated environment with sufficient sunlight to ensure that each surface of the potted elm is uniformly illuminated, and adjusting the direction once every 4 months;
S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: the method comprises the steps of turning over the basin and changing the soil after culturing for 3 years, watering thoroughly after 1 day of turning over the basin and changing the soil, placing the basin and changing the soil at a shady and cool ventilation place for pile-retarding for 7 days after watering, and recovering the tree vigor after the basin and the soil are changed, wherein the basin and the soil are changed according to the principle: firstly, removing 1/3 of old furnace cinder and root system, adding new furnace cinder, watering, placing in a ventilation place to relieve for 1 week, and recovering tree vigor; secondly, the root disc does not damage too much or consume too much root systems and fibrous roots when changing the basin, and the plant can thrive; the pot changing time is before germination in spring.
Example 3
The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai comprises the following steps:
S1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and coarse elms, small old piles are selected, and the first choice of small old piles is limited by mountain Dan Yabi, so that elms with peculiar natural growth shapes are grown;
S2, pile digging: the pile digging time is evening, firstly, pruning is carried out, cutting is carried out at a proper position according to the designed original rudiment of the bonsai from the upper part, useless branches are cut off, then soil is dug, main roots are cut off, more fibrous roots are reserved as far as possible, the soil with a core can be properly protected to fall into a mountain, and after digging is finished, erythromycin ointment is used for smearing a kerf to avoid transpiration effect and water loss;
S3, basin loading pretreatment: before the cultivation of the stumps, firstly cutting off useless branches according to the selected modeling, adjusting and cutting off root parts, smoothing root part kerfs, cleaning up a tree body, smearing a healing agent, standing for 2 hours, soaking the stumps in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 150 mg/L for 18 minutes after waiting for dry and hard shrinkage, taking out, airing, and putting the stumps into a basin for cultivation;
s4, basin loading: the method is characterized in that a 'shallow seed high-surrounding' mode is adopted for growing embryo in a basin, when the embryo is put in the basin, large, medium and small-grain brick fragments are paved from bottom to top in sequence, and when the brick fragments are paved, the basin wall is required to be beaten so that the root and the brick fragments are tightly combined;
s5, pouring root setting water: soaking by soaking basin method, irrigating with fixed root water, and placing in shade place;
S6, moisturizing: wrapping the tree body with moisturizing cotton, and watering periodically, spraying water once a day during survival, and spraying water once in the morning and evening when the weather temperature is higher than 30 ℃; the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are kept to be 55 percent, and the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are kept;
s7, fertilizing: the method comprises the steps of applying stable manure or cake fertilizer once in winter as a base fertilizer, applying nitrogen fertilizer once every month for 3-9 months each year so as to keep the normal nutrient growth requirement of elm plants, and not applying fertilizer during dormancy; applying the organic fertilizer 3 times in the period from October to October every year, wherein the interval time between each application of the organic fertilizer is 15 days;
S8, pruning: carrying out 1-time comprehensive pruning when elm leaves fall in autumn every year, pruning branches with improper growth or bad growth such as dead branches, diseased branches, old branches, weak branches, dense branches, disordered branches and the like, clearing the branches, building tree, keeping Jing Shuxing-state grace and facilitating ornamental;
s9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the method has the advantages that the method can prevent and spray the elm in the season of growing very well every year no matter whether insect pests are found or not, and the harm of diseases and insects can be greatly reduced by spraying the elm leaf surfaces with the diluent obtained by diluting the omethoate with 1000 times of water with the mass concentration of 40 percent for 2 times; when the elm is found to have pests, spraying and controlling the pests by using a diluent obtained by diluting 50% of thiophanate methyl with 700 times of water, spraying the pesticide once in 7 days, and continuously spraying the pesticide for 3 times;
S10, maintenance environment: cultivating potted elm in a well-ventilated environment with sufficient sunlight to ensure that each surface of the potted elm is uniformly illuminated, and adjusting the direction every 3 months;
S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: 2.5 years after cultivation, basin turning and soil changing are carried out, water is thoroughly poured after 2 days after basin turning and soil changing, the water is placed at a shady and cool ventilation place for 6 days after watering, and the principle of basin turning and soil changing is that the tree vigor is recovered: firstly, old brick particles and root systems are removed by 1/4, new brick particles are added, the mixture is watered and then placed in a ventilation place for relieving for 1 week, and the tree vigor is restored; secondly, the root disc does not damage too much or consume too much root systems and fibrous roots when changing the basin, and the plant can thrive; the pot changing time is before germination in spring.
The results of the above 3 examples show that: the cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation, beautiful posture and high survival rate of the cultivated elm bonsai, and is suitable for bonsai cultivation of commercial bonsai and ordinary family personnel.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the above embodiments specifically illustrate the present application, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modifications and equivalents are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The cultivation and maintenance method of the elm bonsai is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pile selection: instead of selecting old and coarse elms, small old piles are selected;
S2, pile digging: firstly, cutting off branches, starting from the upper part, cutting off at a proper position according to an assumed original rudiment of a bonsai, cutting off useless branches, then digging soil, cutting off main roots, reserving more fibrous roots as much as possible, properly taking core-protecting soil to descend a mountain, and smearing a kerf with a healing agent or erythromycin ointment after digging so as to avoid transpiration and water loss;
S3, basin loading pretreatment: before the cultivation of the stumps, firstly cutting off useless branches according to the selected modeling, regulating and cutting off root parts, smoothing root part kerfs, cleaning up a tree body, smearing a healing agent, standing for 1-2 hours, soaking the stumps for 15-20 minutes with gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100 mg/L-200 mg/L after dry and hard shrinkage, taking out, airing, and putting the stumps into a basin for cultivation;
S4, basin loading: the method is characterized in that a shallow-seed high-surrounding mode is adopted for growing embryos in a basin, and when the embryos are put in the basin, large, medium and small-grain culture soil is paved from bottom to top in sequence, and when the culture soil is paved, the basin wall is required to be beaten to tightly combine the roots with the culture soil;
s5, pouring root setting water: irrigating the root fixing water, and placing the root fixing water in a shade place after the root fixing water is irrigated thoroughly;
S6, moisturizing: wrapping the tree body with moisturizing cotton, and watering periodically to keep the culture soil dry and wet;
s7, fertilizing: the fertilization principle is that the growth is strong and vigorous, the fertilization is little when the growth is weak, and the fertilization is not performed during the dormancy period; applying the organic fertilizer for 2-3 times in the period from October to October every year, wherein the interval time between each application of the organic fertilizer is 15 days;
S8, pruning: pruning branches and leaves once in autumn every year;
S9, insect prevention and disease treatment: the method is characterized in that the method is used for preventing spraying no matter whether insect pests are found or not in the season of growing elm every year, and the diluent obtained by diluting the omethoate with 1000 times of water with the mass concentration of 40% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the elm for 2-3 times, so that the harm of diseases and insects can be greatly reduced; when the elm is found to have pests, spraying and controlling the pests by using a diluent obtained by diluting 50% of thiophanate methyl by 700 times of water or a diluent obtained by diluting 40% of carbendazim by 300 times of water, spraying the pesticide once for 5-8 days, and continuously spraying the pesticide for 3-4 times;
S10, maintenance environment: cultivating potted elm in a well-ventilated environment with sufficient sunlight to ensure that each surface of the elm is uniformly illuminated, and adjusting the direction every 3-4 months;
S11, turning over a basin and changing soil: culturing for 2-3 years, turning basin, changing soil, watering thoroughly for 1-2 days, placing in a shady and ventilated place, and piling for 5-7 days until the tree vigor is restored.
2. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the small old stake is a elm with short and compact plant shape, special shape and thick branches and leaves, or is limited by a mountain Dan Yabi, and the elm with special shape grows naturally.
3. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the piling time is in the morning or in the evening.
4. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the cultivation soil is selected from one of coarse sand, furnace cinder and broken bricks, which are strong in air permeability and hydrophobicity.
5. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the watering method of watering the root setting water is to soak uniformly by adopting a soaking basin method.
6. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the regular watering is to spray water once a day during the survival period, and when the weather temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed once in the morning and evening; the dry and wet conditions of the culture soil are that the humidity of the culture soil is kept between 50 and 60 percent.
7. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the fertilizer is applied once in winter, manure or cake fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied once every month for 3-9 months each year, so as to maintain the normal nutrient requirement of elm plants.
8. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the pruning is to perform 1 full pruning every year when elm leaves fall, prune out branches with improper or bad growth such as dead branches, diseased branches, old branches, weak branches, dense branches, disordered branches and the like, clean branches, make tree, keep the Jing Shuxing state grace for ornamental purposes.
9. The cultivation and maintenance method of elm bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step S11, the principle of turning over the pot and changing the soil is as follows: firstly, removing 1/4-1/3 of old culture soil and root system, adding new culture soil, watering, placing in a ventilation place for relieving for 1 week, and recovering tree vigor; secondly, the root disc does not damage too much or consume too much root systems and fibrous roots when changing the basin, and the plant can thrive; the pot changing time is before germination in spring.
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