CN117157358A - 碳材料分散液 - Google Patents
碳材料分散液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117157358A CN117157358A CN202180096640.5A CN202180096640A CN117157358A CN 117157358 A CN117157358 A CN 117157358A CN 202180096640 A CN202180096640 A CN 202180096640A CN 117157358 A CN117157358 A CN 117157358A
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- carbon material
- monomer
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- polymer
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XMWGTKZEDLCVIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1 XMWGTKZEDLCVIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VSHOGDPTIIHVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)anthracene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C(CCl)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 VSHOGDPTIIHVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical group ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007877 V-601 Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005002 aryl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVNXSXOJYGSNQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCl)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 MVNXSXOJYGSNQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQERWQCDIIMLHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-dihydroimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[NH+]1CN(C)C=C1 FQERWQCDIIMLHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWFGWFOXPLGSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C(O)=O)N=NC(C)(C)C(O)=O WWFGWFOXPLGSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVYXPOCADCXMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCCCOCCC(=O)N(C)C LVYXPOCADCXMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSLINXQJWRKPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyloxepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCOC1=O KSLINXQJWRKPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBVMWHCOFMFPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound COCCC(=O)N(C)C LBVMWHCOFMFPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCOCCCO LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101710141544 Allatotropin-related peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006226 butoxyethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical group [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical class [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
提供:即使高浓度地包含碳材料时,分散性也优异,并且长期间稳定地维持分散性的碳材料分散液。一种碳材料分散液,其含有碳材料、水、及高分子分散剂,高分子分散剂是包含如下成分的聚合物:5~40质量%的源自2‑乙烯基吡啶等单体1的结构单元(1);50~80质量%的源自通式(1)(R1:氢原子等、A:O或NH、X:亚乙基或亚丙基、Y:O、NHCOO、或NHCONH、R2:氢原子等、n:20~100、R3:氢原子等)所示的单体2的结构单元(2);和0.5~40质量%的源自能够与这些单体共聚的单体3的结构单元(3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碳材料分散液。
背景技术
炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨、及石墨烯等碳材料(纳米碳材料)具有由碳原子的共价键形成的六元环石墨结构,是发挥导电性、传热性等各种特性的材料,正在研究用于使其特性在各领域发挥作用的方法。例如,关注碳材料的电性质、热性质、及作为填料的性质,研究用于抗静电剂、导电材料、塑料增强材料、半导体、燃料电池电极、及换置器的阴极线等的技术。
这些用途中,碳材料的分散性良好并且长期间稳定地维持分散性的碳材料分散液是必须的。其中,纳米尺寸的碳材料的表面能高,表现强的范德华力,因此容易聚集。因此,即使使其分散于液体介质中时,直接聚集的情况也较多。
为了使碳材料稳定地分散在液体介质中,通常使用分散剂。例如,提出使用了烷醇胺盐等阳离子性表面活性剂、苯乙烯-丙烯酸系树脂等高分子分散剂的碳纳米管的溶剂系分散液(专利文献1及2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-174084号公报
专利文献2:日本特表2013-537570号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,使用表面活性剂作为分散剂时,可以使碳纳米管分散在液体介质中,但是有其分散性并不一定充分而容易进一步再聚集的问题。另外,使用通常的高分子分散剂时,得到的分散液容易表现触变剂的性质,有碳材料随着时间经过沉淀或分散液凝胶化的情况。
本发明是鉴于这样的现有技术的具有问题而做出的,其课题在于,提供即使高浓度地包含碳材料时,分散性也优异并且长期间稳定地维持分散性的碳材料分散液。
用于解决问题的方案
即,通过本发明,提供以下示出的碳材料分散液。
[1]一种水性的碳材料分散液。其含有碳材料、水、及高分子分散剂,前述高分子分散剂为数均分子量为5000~20000的聚合物,
所述聚合物包含:
5~40质量%的源自单体1的结构单元(1),所述单体1为选自由2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑组成的组中的至少一种的碱性单体的季铵盐;
50~80质量%的源自下述通式(1)所示的单体2的结构单元(2);和
0.5~40质量%的源自能够与前述单体1及前述单体2共聚的单体3的结构单元(3)。
(前述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,A表示O或NH,X表示亚乙基或亚丙基,Y表示O、NHCOO、或NHCONH,R2互相独立地表示氢原子或甲基,n表示20~100的平均重复单元数,R3表示氢原子或甲基。其中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上)。
[2]根据前述[1]所述的碳材料分散液,其中,前述碳材料为选自由炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨、及石墨烯组成的组中的至少一种。
[3]根据前述[1]或[2]所述的碳材料分散液,其中,前述单体3包含α-甲基苯乙烯,前述聚合物中,源自前述α-甲基苯乙烯的结构单元的含量为0.5~5质量%。
[4]根据前述[1]~[3]中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,前述单体3包含(甲基)丙烯酸,前述聚合物中,源自前述(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元的含量为0.5~30质量%。
[5]根据前述[1]~[4]中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,相对于前述碳材料100质量份,前述高分子分散剂的含量为10~200质量份,前述碳材料的含量为15质量%以下。
[6]根据前述[1]~[5]中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,水可溶性的有机溶剂的含量为20质量%以下。
[7]根据前述[1]~[6]中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,前述碱性单体的季铵盐为前述碱性单体的氯化苄盐、氯甲基萘盐、或氯甲基蒽盐。
发明的效果
通过本发明,可以提供即使高浓度地包含碳材料时,分散性也优异并且长期间稳定地维持分散性的碳材料分散液。本发明的碳材料分散液的分散性、保存稳定性、粘度特性、及加工性优异,能够通过进行涂布等形成碳涂膜。另外,通过适当选择碳材料,也能够形成透明性高的覆膜。进而,即使高分子分散剂的含量少,碳材料也以良好的状态分散,因此能够形成碳材料的含量多的涂膜,能够发挥导电性及热传导性等的碳材料自身的特性。
具体实施方式
<碳材料分散液>
以下,对本发明的实施的方式进行说明,但本发明并不限定于以下的实施的方式。本发明的碳材料分散液的一个实施方式含有碳材料、水、及高分子分散剂。并且,高分子分散剂是数均分子量为5000~20000的聚合物,所述聚合物包含:5~40质量%的源自单体1的结构单元(1),所述单体1选自由2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、1-乙烯基咪唑、及它们的季铵盐组成的组中的至少一种;50~80质量%的源自下述通式(1)所示的单体2的结构单元(2);和0.5~40质量%的源自能够与单体1及单体2的单体3的源自结构单元(3)。以下,对本实施方式的碳材料分散液的详细内容进行说明。
(前述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,A表示O或NH,X表示亚乙基或亚丙基,Y表示O、NHCOO、或NHCONH,R2互相独立地表示氢原子或甲基,n表示20~100的平均重复单元数,R3表示氢原子或甲基。其中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上)。
(碳材料)
作为碳材料,优选使用选自由炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨、及石墨烯组成的组中的至少一种。作为炭黑,可举出乙炔黑、炉黑、热裂炭黑、科琴黑等。对于炭黑的结构、吸油量、及比表面积等物性值、有无氧化等表面改性等,并无特别限定,可以使用以往公知的炭黑。
作为碳纤维,可举出以聚丙烯腈为原料的PAN系碳纤维、以沥青类为原料的沥青系碳纤维、及这些的再生品等。其中,可以使用纤维径为纳米尺寸、具有将六元环石墨结构卷成筒状的形状的所谓的碳纳米纤维,或其直径为单纳米尺寸的碳纳米管。作为碳纳米纤维及碳纳米管,可以使用多层的多壁、单层的单壁等。
对碳材料的粒径、纤维径、纤维长、形状、及制造方法等没有特别限定。碳材料中可以掺杂铂、钯等金属及金属盐。碳材料的表面可以通过、氧化处理、等离子体处理、放射线处理、电晕放电处理、及偶联处理等进行表面改性。
(液体分散介质)
本实施方式的碳材料分散液含有水作为使碳材料分散的液体分散介质。即,本实施方式的碳材料分散液为水性的分散液。液体分散介质中,根据需要,也可含有水以外的液体介质。作为水以外的液体介质,可以使用水可溶性的有机溶剂。作为有机溶剂,可举出甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等醇类;乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油等多元醇类;四氢呋喃等醚类;二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单丙醚、二丙二醇单甲醚、三丙二醇单甲醚等二醇醚类;二乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯等二醇醚酯类;吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、3-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、3-丁氧基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺等酰胺类;四甲基脲、二甲基1,3-咪唑啉酮等脲系溶剂;二甲基亚砜、环丁砜等含硫溶剂;1-乙基-3-甲基氯化咪唑等离子液体;等。碳材料分散液中的水可溶性的有机溶剂的含量优选设为20质量%以下,进一步优选设为10质量%以下。
(高分子分散剂)
高分子分散剂是包含源自单体1的结构单元(1)、源自单体2的结构单元(2)、及源自单体3的结构单元(3)的聚合物。单体1为选自由2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、1-乙烯基咪唑、及它们的季铵盐组成的组中的至少一种。2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑均为碱性单体,源自这些单体的结构单元(1)吸附于碳材料,有助于分散性。
作为通常的碱性单体,还有(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯等。然而,通过使用2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑中的任一者,可以使碳材料分散液的分散稳定性更为改善,并且可以使碳材料分散液的粘度降低。2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑均为拥有芳香环的单体,该芳香环具有与碳材料的6元环结构类似的结构。因此,认为通过采用源自这些单体的结构单元(1),可以提高基于范德华力、π-π堆垛的对碳材料的吸附力。进而,有碳材料的表面被氧化,存在羧基、酚羟基的情况。认为通过使羧基、酚羟基与结构单元(1)中的碱性基离子键合,高分子分散剂变得更容易吸附于碳材料,分散性进一步改善。需要说明的是,单体1特别优选4-乙烯基吡啶。
作为单体1,通过使用1,2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑的季铵盐,可以进一步提高分散性。
通过对源自2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑的结构单元进行季铵盐化,可以设为源自季铵盐的结构单元(1)。作为用于季铵盐化的材料(季铵盐化剂),例如,可以使用卤化物及硫酸酯类等。作为卤化物,可举出氯甲烷、氯苯甲烷等。作为硫酸酯类,可举出硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯等。作为季铵盐,优选卤化芳甲基。作为芳甲基,可举出苄基、萘甲基、蒽甲基、及芘甲基等。其中,优选萘甲基。
单体2是下述通式(1)所示的、具有聚亚烷基二醇链的大分子单体。通过导入源自单体2的结构单元(2),可以设为具有接枝有聚亚烷基二醇链的结构的聚合物。聚亚烷基二醇链溶解于作为液体分散介质的水。并且,吸附于碳材料的结构单元(1)通过溶解于聚亚烷基二醇链,成为颗粒间的立体位阻并排斥,可以使碳材料在液体分散介质中长期间以良好的状态稳定地分散。
(前述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,A表示O或NH,X表示亚乙基或亚丙基,Y表示O、NHCOO、或NHCONH,R2互相独立地表示氢原子或甲基,n表示20~100的平均重复单元数,R3表示氢原子或甲基。其中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上)。
通式(1)所示的单体2的分子量为880~5800左右。通式(1)中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上,由此可以使聚亚烷基二醇链为水溶性。其中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH优选为总体的重复单元数nT的3/5以上。
单体3是能够与单体1及单体2共聚的单体。作为单体3,优选使用(甲基)丙烯酸系单体。作为单体3的具体例,可举出(甲基)丙烯酸;具有甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、2-乙基己基、异辛基、壬基、十二烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、异硬脂基、山萮基、环己基、三甲基环己基、叔丁基环己基、苄基、甲氧基乙基、丁氧基乙基、苯氧基乙基、壬基苯氧基乙基、缩水甘油基、异冰片基、二环戊基、二环戊烯基、二环戊烯氧基乙基、2-羟基乙基、2-羟基丙基、4-羟基丁基等取代基的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯;聚(n=2以上)亚烷基(碳数2~4)二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(n=2以上)亚烷基(碳数2~4)二醇单烷基(碳数1~22)单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(n=2以上)羟基链烷酸(碳数5~18)单(甲基)丙烯酸酯等作为大分子单体的聚合物型的(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。另外,也可使用苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基萘、乙烯基己内酯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯等乙烯基单体作为单体3。
通过使用α-甲基苯乙烯作为单体3,可以容易地控制分子量,故优选。具体而言,单体3包含α-甲基苯乙烯,聚合物中,源自α-甲基苯乙烯的结构单元的含量优选为0.5~5质量%,进一步优选为1~3质量%。源自α-甲基苯乙烯的结构单元的含量小于0.5部质量%时,有时聚合会略不均匀地进行,有单体2残留、或凝胶化的情况。另一方面,源自α-甲基苯乙烯的结构单元的含量大于5质量%时,有聚合性略差的α-甲基苯乙烯残留、或分子量被过度控制而聚合率略降低的情况。
另外,作为单体3,优选使用(甲基)丙烯酸。通过包含源自作为酸成分的(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元,聚合物的水溶解性改善,并且聚合物中还存在季铵碱时,聚合物会表现两离子性,因此容易离子地吸附于碳材料,可以使分散性进一步改善。另外,聚合物通过表现两离子性,在分子内/分子间进行离子键合而容易形成交联结构,可以进一步抑制自碳材料的脱离。
聚合物中,源自(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元的含量优选为0.5~30质量%,进一步优选为1~10质量%。源自(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元的含量小于0.5质量%时,有作为酸成分的效果不足的倾向。另一方面,源自(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元的含量大于30质量%时,有水溶性变得过高、形成的涂膜等的耐水性略降低的情况。
高分子分散剂(聚合物)中,结构单元(1)的含量为5~40质量%,优选为10~20质量%,结构单元(2)的含量为50~80质量%,优选为55~75质量%,结构单元(3)的含量为0.5~40质量%,优选为1~31质量%。需要说明的是,结构单元(1)、结构单元(2)、及结构单元(3)的总计设为100质量%。
结构单元(1)的含量小于5质量%时,无法充分吸附于碳材料。另一方面,结构单元(1)的含量大于40质量%时,有着色、或产生臭气的情况,并且有容易一同吸附于碳材料、或作为聚集剂起作用的情况。
聚合物所包含的结构单元之中,结构单元(2)的比例最多。因此,聚合物中致密存在的聚亚烷基二醇链成为立体位阻,能够抑制分散的碳材料之间的接近而使其稳定地分散。结构单元(2)的含量小于50质量%时,有立体位阻不充分并且难以溶解于水的情况。另一方面,结构单元(2)的含量大于80质量%时,反应性略低的单体2不聚合而变得容易残留。需要说明的是,结构单元(3)的含量大于40质量%时,其他结构单元的比例会相对减少,因此作为分散剂的功能会降低。
作为高分子分散剂使用的聚合物的数均分子量为5000~20000,优选为10000~15000。聚合物的数均分子量小于5000时,源自作为大分子单体的单体2的结构单元(2)的导入量变少,因此分散稳定性变得不充分。另一方面,聚合物的数均分子量大于20000时,有得到的碳材料分散液的粘度变得过高,并且必须的高分子分散剂的量变得过多的情况。本说明书中数均分子量为利用凝胶渗透色谱测定的聚苯乙烯换算的值。
(高分子分散剂(聚合物)的制造方法)
作为高分子分散剂使用的聚合物可以利用以往公知的自由基聚合法、活性自由基聚合法制造。其中,通过活性自由基聚合法进行制造可以控制主链的分子量,并且根据单体的添加方法可以制成AB嵌段共聚物,故优选。
作为活性自由基聚合法,有使用硫醇等链转移剂调节分子量的聚合法、原子移动自由基聚合法(ATRP法)、可逆的加成断裂型链转移聚合法(RAFT法)、硝基氧法(NMP法)、有机碲法(TERP法)、碘转移聚合法(ITP法)、可逆转移催化剂聚合法(RTCP法)、可逆催化剂介质聚合法(RCMP法)等。
对于聚合条件等没有特别限定。可以将偶氮系自由基产生剂、过氧化物系自由基产生剂、光敏剂等添加于反应体系。聚合形式可以为无溶剂、溶液聚合、乳化聚合等。其中,优选溶液聚合,进一步优选在可配混于碳材料分散液的前述的水可溶性的有机溶剂中进行溶液聚合。通过在水可溶性的有机溶剂中进行溶液聚合,得到的聚合物的溶液可以直接配混于碳材料分散液。
通过用溶液聚合等对单体1、单体2、及单体3进行聚合,可以得到期望的聚合物。另外,对单体1、单体2、及单体3进行聚合后,可以将氯苯甲烷、氯甲基萘、氯甲基蒽、氯甲基芘、氯甲基萘等卤化烷基添加于反应体系,对源自单体1的氨基进行季铵盐化。进而,可以添加双(三氟甲基磺)酰亚胺锂盐、双(七氟丁基磺)酰亚胺锂盐等,对季铵盐进行离子交换而形成磺酰亚胺盐。
(碳材料分散液)
相对于碳材料100质量份,高分子分散剂的含量优选为10~200质量份,进一步优选为20~150质量份,特别优选为30~100质量份。另外,碳材料分散液中的碳材料的含量优选为15质量%以下。通过将高分子分散剂相对于碳材料的含量设为上述的范围,可以制成更稳定地分散有碳材料的碳材料分散液。高分子分散剂相对于碳材料过少时,有时分散性会变得略不充分。另一方面,高分子分散剂相对于碳材料过多时,有碳材料分散液变得容易增稠,并且固体成分中的碳材料的比率相对降低的情况。
可以进一步使碳材料分散液中含有添加剂、树脂等。作为添加剂,可举出水溶性染料、颜料、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、防霉剂、光聚合引发剂、及其他颜料分散剂等。作为树脂,可举出聚烯烃树脂、聚卤化烯烃树脂、聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚醚树脂、聚乙烯基树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、聚乙烯基醇树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚环氧树脂、聚酚醛树脂、聚脲树脂、聚醚砜树脂等。
(碳材料分散液的制造方法)
本实施方式的碳材料分散液将前述的聚合物用作高分子分散剂,可以通过按照以往公知的方法使碳材料分散在以水为主成分的液体分散介质中来制备。例如,可以使用分散剂搅拌、利用三本辊的混炼、超声波分散、珠磨机分散、乳化装置、使用高压均化器等的分散等分散方法。其中,从分散效果高的方面来看,优选使用珠磨机分散、超声波分散、高压均化器的分散。
(碳材料的分散状态的确认方法)
碳材料分散液中的碳材料的分散性可以通过使用如下所示的使用分光光度计测定吸光度的方法确认。首先,制备多个碳材料的浓度已知的极低浓度的分散液,并且测定特定波长下的这些分散液的吸光度,制作相对于碳材料的浓度标记有吸光度的标准曲线。然后,对碳材料分散液进行离心分离处理,对未彻底分散的碳材料进行沉降分离,得到上清液。以成为能够测定吸光度的浓度的方式,稀释得到的上清液,测定吸光度,根据标准曲线计算碳材料的浓度。通过比较计算的碳材料的浓度、和碳材料的投入量,可以评价碳材料的分散性。
另外,将离心分离处理后的碳材料分散液长期间静置后,通过确认聚集物的有无也可以确认碳材料的分散性。进而,通过使用电子显微镜等观察滴加在玻璃盘等的碳材料分散液的状态、或测定涂布及干燥碳材料分散液形成的膜的导电率等物性值,可以确认碳材料的分散性。
<碳材料分散液的使用>
本实施方式的碳材料分散液为水系的分散液,因此为环保材料,作为水性的涂料、墨、及塑料成形物等材料是有用的。另外,除可以期待作为导电性材料、热导电剂的利用外,于防静电材料的应用也备受期待。水性的涂料、墨例如可以通过将溶剂、树脂、及添加物等成分添加于碳材料分散液来制备。另外,也可以在市售的涂料、墨中添加碳材料分散液。分散有碳材料的塑料成形物例如可以通过在熔融状态的塑料材料中添加碳材料分散液后,将水去除来制造。另外,通过在微粉末状态的塑料材料中添加碳材料分散液后,将水去除、或使碳材料析出,也可以制造分散有碳材料的塑料成形物。
实施例
以下,基于实施例对本发明进行具体说明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。需要说明的是,实施例、比较例中的“份”及“%”若无特别限定则为质量基准。
<高分子分散剂(聚合物)的合成>
(合成例1)
(a)大分子单体的合成
在安装有搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、及滴液漏斗的反应装置中,加入单末端氨基化聚丙二醇聚乙二醇单甲醚共聚物(M41)(商品名“Genami M41/2000”、科莱恩公司制、实测胺值26.4mgKOH/g)142.5份(0.067mol)并进行搅拌。将甲基丙烯酸2-异氰酸乙酯(MOI)(商品名“Karenz MOI”、昭和电工株式会社制)10.4份(0.067mol)加入至滴液漏斗,用30分钟滴加至用水浴冷却的反应装置内。采样反应液的一部分进行IR测定,确认源自MOI的异氰酸酯基的吸收的消失及脲键合的生成。另外,生成物的胺值为0.2mgKOH/g,确认氨基与异氰酸酯基的反应基本结束。需要说明的是,胺值通过使用0.1mol/L 2-丙醇性盐酸溶液的电位自动滴定装置进行测定。由此,确认生成其单末端键合有甲基丙烯酰基的聚丙二醇聚乙二醇共聚物(MC-1)。利用以四氢呋喃(THF)为展开剂的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定的、MC-1的聚苯乙烯换算的数均分子量(Mn)为2800,分子量分布(PDI=重均分子量(Mw)/数均分子量(Mn))为1.09。MC-1为对应通式(1)所示的单体2的大分子单体,重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上。
(b)高分子分散剂的合成
在安装有搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、及氮导入管的反应装置中,加入二乙二醇单丁醚(BDG)95份、MC-1 70份、α-甲基苯乙烯(αMS)2.5份、苯乙烯(St)10.5份、及4-乙烯基吡啶(4VP)17份,边使氮气鼓泡边加温至75℃。到达70℃时,添加2,2’-偶氮双(异丁酸)二甲酯(V-601)(商品名“V-601”、和光纯药株式会社制)5份,在75℃下聚合4小时。进而,追加V-601 2.5份,在75℃下聚合4小时,得到包含聚合物(高分子分散剂A-1)的液体。高分子分散剂A-1(聚合物)的Mn为9600,PDI为1.83,峰顶分子量(PT)为22700,几乎无法确认源自作为原料使用的MC-1的峰。另外,高分子分散剂A-1的胺值(纯树脂成分换算)为86.2mgKOH/g。使用水分计测定的、包含高分子分散剂A-1的液体的固体成分为50.4%。
(合成例2~5)
除了设为表1中示出的组成以外,与前述的合成例1同样地,得到包含高分子分散剂A-2~5的液体。将得到的高分子分散剂A-2~5的物性示于表1。需要说明的是,合成例2及3中得到的MC-2及MC-3均为对应通式(1)所示的单体2的大分子单体,重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上。
以下示出表1中的缩写的含义。
·M1000:单末端氨基聚丙二醇聚乙二醇甲醚(商品名「Jeffamine M1000」、亨斯迈公司制)
·M3085:单末端氨基聚丙二醇聚乙二醇甲醚(商品名「Jeffamine M3085」、亨斯迈公司制)
·2VP:2-乙烯基吡啶
·1VI:1-乙烯基咪唑
表1:合成例1~5中得到的聚合物的组成和物性
(合成例6)
(c)氨基的季铵盐化
在安装有搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、及滴液漏斗的反应装置中,加入高分子分散剂A-1100份。添加BDG 30份进行稀释后,在室温下搅拌10分钟进行均匀化,得到溶液。得到的溶液中存在有源自4VP的氨基0.081mol。在室温下,用30分钟由滴液漏斗滴加包含BDG10.25g及氯苯甲烷(BzCl)10.25g(0.081mol)的溶液。滴加后,加温至80℃并维持5小时,得到包含聚合物(高分子分散剂A-6)的液体。得到的包含高分子分散剂A-6的液体的固体成分为40.2%。另外,高分子分散剂A-6的胺值大致为0mgKOH/g,定量地进行反应,确认源自4VP的氨基全部被季铵盐化。
(合成例7~9)
除了设为表2示出的组成以外,与前述的合成例6同样地,得到包含高分子分散剂A-7~9的液体。将得到的高分子分散剂A-7~9的物性示于表2。
以下示出表2中的缩写的含义。
·VBQ:4-乙烯基吡啶的氯化苄盐
·VNQ:4-乙烯基吡啶的氯甲基萘盐
·VAQ:4-乙烯基吡啶的氯甲基蒽盐
表2:合成例6~9中得到的聚合物的组成和物性
(合成例10)
在安装有搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、及氮导入管的反应装置中,加入BDG95.0份、MC-170份、αMS2.5份、St10.4份、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)7.7份、及4VP9.4份,边使氮气鼓泡边加温至75℃。到达70℃时,添加V-6015份,在75℃下聚合4小时。进而,追加V-6012.5份,在75℃下聚合4小时,得到包含聚合物(高分子分散剂A-10)的液体。高分子分散剂A-10(聚合物)的Mn为11900,PDI为1.88,PT为25900,几乎无法确认源自作为原料使用的MC-1的峰。另外,高分子分散剂A-10的胺值(纯树脂成分换算)为50.0mgKOH/g,酸价(纯树脂成分换算)为50.0mgKOH/g。该聚合物为其结构中具有氨基和羧基的两离子性的高分子分散剂。包含高分子分散剂A-10的液体的固体成分为50.9%。
(合成例11~13)
除了设为表3示出的组成以外,与前述的合成例10同样地,得到包含高分子分散剂A-11~13的液体。将得到的高分子分散剂A-11~13的物性示于表3。
表3:合成例10~13中得到的聚合物的组成和物性
(比较合成例1)
在安装有搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、及氮导入管的反应装置中,加入BDG95.0份、MC-170份、αMS2.5份、St7.5份、及甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)酯(DMAEMA)20份。之后,与前述的合成例1((b)高分子分散剂的合成)同样地,得到包含聚合物(高分子分散剂H-1)的液体。高分子分散剂H-1(聚合物)的Mn为10400,PDI为1.81,PT为23200,几乎无法确认源自作为原料使用的MC-1的峰。另外,高分子分散剂H-1的胺值(纯树脂成分换算)为73.2mgKOH/g。包含高分子分散剂H-1的液体的固体成分为50.5%。
(比较合成例2及3)
除了设为表4示出的组成以外,与前述的比较合成例1同样地,得到包含高分子分散剂H-2及3的液体。将得到的高分子分散剂H-2及3的物性示于表4。
表4:比较合成例1~3中得到的聚合物的组成和物性
<碳纳米管分散液的制备>
(参考例1)
在树脂制的容器中,加入碳纳米管(CNT)(平均径40nm、平均长度8.0μm)3份、水91.05份、包含高分子分散剂A-1的液体(固体成分50.4%)5.59份、及氧化锆微珠(直径0.8mmφ)180份。CNT湿润但沉在容器的底部,上部为透明层。使用Skandex分散装置进行60分钟分散处理,液体均匀地变黑,呈CNT的聚集状态解除的状态。然后,进行离心分离处理,将未充分分散的CNT沉降分离,将上清液作为CNT分散液-1取出。
(参考例2~5、10~13、实施例6~9、比较例1~3)
除了设为表5示出的配混以外,与前述的参考例1同样地,制备CNT分散液-2~16。
表5:CNT分散液的制备
*:包含高分子分散剂的液体的量
<CNT分散液的评价>
测定制备的CNT分散液的离心分离后的CNT浓度。CNT浓度的测定使用分光光度计。具体而言,测定CNT浓度已知的样品的吸光度并制作标准曲线。然后,对稀释成能够测定吸光度的浓度的试样的吸光度进行测定,根据标准曲线计算试样的CNT浓度。另外,使用E型粘度计,测定制备的CNT分散液在25℃下的粘度。进而,观察将离心分离后的CNT分散液静置7天后的状态,确认聚集物的有无。另外,以“分散稳定性(%)”的形式计算相对于设计的CNT浓度的离心分离后的CNT浓度的比例(%)。分散稳定性越接近100%,意味着CNT的分散性越良好。将CNT分散性的评价结果示于表6。
表6:CN工分散性评价结果
<纳米石墨烯分散液的制备>
(参考例14)
在树脂制的容器中加入纳米石墨烯(NGR)(平均径5μm、平均厚6~8nm)5份、水85.08份、及包含高分子分散剂A-1的液体(固体成分50.4%)9.92份。在容器内加入搅拌子,边使用磁力搅拌器搅拌内容物,边用功率300W的超声波分散机照射超声波60分钟,得到粘性液体NGR分散液-1。
(参考例15、18、19、实施例16、17、比较例4~6)
除了设为表7示出的配混以外,与前述的参考例14同样地,制备NGR分散液-2~9。
表7:NGR分散液的制备
*:包含高分子分散剂的液体的量
<NGR分散液的评价>
使用E型粘度计,测定制备的NGR分散液的25℃下的粘度。另外,使用动态光散射式的粒度分布测定装置,测定NGR分散液中的NGR的中值粒径(D50(μm))。进而,使用动态光散射式的粒度分布测定装置,测定NGR分散液中的NGR的粒度分布,确认聚集物的有无。将NGR分散性的评价结果示于表8。
表8:NGR分散性评价结果
产业上的可利用性
本发明的碳材料分散液例如作为显示高导电性、高传热性等特性的水性涂料、水性墨、塑料成形物等构成材料是有用的,并且适合于电池材料、电子部件托盘、IC芯片用罩、电磁波屏蔽体、汽车用构件、机器人用部件等各种用途。
Claims (7)
1.一种水性的碳材料分散液,其含有碳材料、水、及高分子分散剂,
所述高分子分散剂为数均分子量为5000~20000的聚合物,所述聚合物包含:
5~40质量%的源自单体1的结构单元(1),所述单体1为选自由2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、及1-乙烯基咪唑组成的组中的至少一种碱性单体的季铵盐;
50~80质量%的源自下述通式(1)所示的单体2的结构单元(2);和
0.5~40质量%的源自能够与所述单体1及所述单体2共聚的单体3的结构单元(3),
所述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,A表示O或NH,X表示亚乙基或亚丙基,Y表示O、NHCOO、或NHCONH,R2互相独立地表示氢原子或甲基,n表示20~100的平均重复单元数,R3表示氢原子或甲基,其中,R2为氢原子的重复单元数nH为总体的重复单元数nT的1/2以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳材料分散液,其中,所述碳材料为选自由炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨、及石墨烯组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳材料分散液,其中,
所述单体3包含α-甲基苯乙烯,
所述聚合物中,源自所述α-甲基苯乙烯的结构单元的含量为0.5~5质量%。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,
所述单体3包含(甲基)丙烯酸,
所述聚合物中,源自所述(甲基)丙烯酸的结构单元的含量为0.5~30质量%。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,
相对于所述碳材料100质量份,所述高分子分散剂的含量为10~200质量份,
所述碳材料的含量为15质量%以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,水可溶性的有机溶剂的含量为20质量%以下。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的碳材料分散液,其中,所述碱性单体的季铵盐为所述碱性单体的氯化苄盐、氯甲基萘盐、或氯甲基蒽盐。
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CN104884538A (zh) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-09-02 | 大日精化工业株式会社 | 颜料分散剂、颜料分散剂的制造方法以及颜料分散液 |
CN107406701A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-11-28 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 水性油墨组合物、油墨组、图像形成方法及树脂微粒 |
JP2019019155A (ja) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-02-07 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | ナノカーボン分散液 |
TW202100672A (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2021-01-01 | 日商大日精化工業股份有限公司 | 水性顏料分散液 |
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CN117157358B (zh) | 2024-02-13 |
JP6952919B1 (ja) | 2021-10-27 |
JP2022160216A (ja) | 2022-10-19 |
KR20230151073A (ko) | 2023-10-31 |
EP4321544A1 (en) | 2024-02-14 |
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TW202239888A (zh) | 2022-10-16 |
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