WO2022215291A1 - カーボン材料分散液 - Google Patents
カーボン材料分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022215291A1 WO2022215291A1 PCT/JP2021/039164 JP2021039164W WO2022215291A1 WO 2022215291 A1 WO2022215291 A1 WO 2022215291A1 JP 2021039164 W JP2021039164 W JP 2021039164W WO 2022215291 A1 WO2022215291 A1 WO 2022215291A1
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- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005792 styrene-acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/285—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing a polyether chain in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/286—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing a polyether chain in the alcohol moiety and containing polyethylene oxide in the alcohol moiety, e.g. methoxy polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/46—Graphite
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C08J2425/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2425/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2425/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2425/08—Copolymers of styrene
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- C08J2439/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2439/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2439/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2439/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
- C08J2439/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl-pyridine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon material dispersion.
- Carbon materials such as carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphite, and graphene have a six-membered graphite ring structure formed by covalent bonds of carbon atoms, and have various properties such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. It is a material that exhibits its properties, and methods for utilizing its properties are being investigated in a wide range of fields. For example, focusing on the electrical properties, thermal properties, and properties of carbon materials as fillers, it is being considered to use them as antistatic agents, conductive materials, plastic reinforcing materials, semiconductors, fuel cell electrodes, and cathode rays for displays. ing.
- a carbon material dispersion liquid in which the dispersibility of the carbon material is good and the dispersibility is maintained over a long period of time is required.
- nano-sized carbon materials have a high surface energy and are subject to strong van der Waals forces, so they tend to agglomerate. Therefore, even when dispersed in a liquid medium, it often aggregates immediately.
- a dispersant is generally used to stably disperse the carbon material in the liquid medium.
- solvent-based dispersions of carbon nanotubes using cationic surfactants such as alkanolamine salts and polymer dispersants such as styrene-acrylic resins have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- JP 2010-174084 A Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2013-537570
- a surfactant when used as a dispersant, it is possible to disperse the carbon nanotubes in the liquid medium, but the dispersibility is not necessarily sufficient, and furthermore, there is a problem that it is easy to reaggregate. there were.
- a general polymer dispersant when used, the obtained dispersion tends to exhibit thixotropic properties, and the carbon material may settle or the dispersion may gel with the lapse of time.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and its object is to provide excellent dispersibility even when the carbon material is contained at a high concentration, and to provide a long-lasting
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon material dispersion in which dispersibility is stably maintained over a period of time.
- the following carbon material dispersion is provided.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A represents O or NH
- X represents an ethylene group or a propylene group
- Y represents O, NHCOO, or NHCONH
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- n represents an average number of repeating units of 20 to 100
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, provided that R 2 represents a hydrogen atom.
- the number n H is 1/2 or more of the total number of repeating units n T )
- the present invention it is possible to provide a carbon material dispersion that is excellent in dispersibility even when the carbon material is contained at a high concentration, and in which the dispersibility is stably maintained over a long period of time.
- the carbon material dispersion of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility, storage stability, viscosity characteristics, and workability, and can form a carbon coating film by coating or the like. Also, by appropriately selecting a carbon material, a highly transparent film can be formed.
- the carbon material is dispersed in a good state, so it is possible to form a coating film with a large content of the carbon material, and it is possible to It is possible to make use of the characteristics of the carbon material itself, such as its elasticity.
- One embodiment of the carbon material dispersion of the present invention contains a carbon material, water, and a polymeric dispersant.
- the polymer dispersant is a structural unit derived from at least one monomer 1 selected from the group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, and quaternary ammonium salts thereof (1 ) 5 to 40% by mass, and 50 to 80% by mass of a structural unit (2) derived from a monomer 2 represented by the following general formula (1), and a monomer 3 copolymerizable with the monomers 1 and 2.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A represents O or NH
- X represents an ethylene group or a propylene group
- Y represents O, NHCOO, or NHCONH
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- n represents an average number of repeating units of 20 to 100
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, provided that R 2 represents a hydrogen atom.
- the number n H is 1/2 or more of the total number of repeating units n T )
- carbon material As the carbon material, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphite, and graphene.
- carbon black include acetylene black, furnace black, acetylene black, thermal black, and ketjen black. Physical properties such as structure, oil absorption, and specific surface area of carbon black, and the presence or absence of surface modification such as oxidation are not particularly limited, and conventionally known carbon blacks can be used.
- carbon fibers examples include PAN-based carbon fibers made from polyacrylonitrile, pitch-based carbon fibers made from pitches, and recycled products thereof.
- carbon nanofibers which have a nano-sized fiber diameter and have a tubular shape formed by winding a six-membered graphite ring structure, and carbon nanotubes whose diameter is a single nano-sized can be used.
- carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes multilayer multi-wall, single-layer single-wall, or the like can be used.
- the particle diameter, fiber diameter, fiber length, shape, manufacturing method, etc. of the carbon material are not particularly limited.
- the carbon material may be doped with a metal such as platinum or palladium, or a metal salt.
- the surface of the carbon material may be surface-modified by oxidation treatment, plasma treatment, radiation treatment, corona treatment, coupling treatment, or the like.
- the carbon material dispersion liquid of the present embodiment contains water as a liquid dispersion medium for dispersing the carbon material. That is, the carbon material dispersion of this embodiment is an aqueous dispersion. If necessary, the liquid dispersion medium may contain a liquid medium other than water. A water-soluble organic solvent can be used as a liquid medium other than water.
- organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran; diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether; glycol ether esters such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; pyrrolidone , N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide and other amides; tetramethyl
- the polymeric dispersant is a polymer containing a structural unit (1) derived from monomer 1, a structural unit (2) derived from monomer 2, and a structural unit (3) derived from monomer 3.
- Monomer 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, and quaternary ammonium salts thereof.
- 2-Vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-vinylimidazole are all basic monomers, and structural units (1) derived from these monomers are adsorbed on the carbon material and contribute to dispersibility.
- Common basic monomers include dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.
- 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-vinylimidazole by using at least one of 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-vinylimidazole, the dispersion stability of the carbon material dispersion can be further improved, and the carbon material dispersion can be improved. Viscosity can be reduced.
- 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-vinylimidazole are all monomers having an aromatic ring having a structure similar to the six-membered ring structure of carbon materials. Therefore, it is considered that the structural unit (1) derived from these monomers can enhance the adsorptive power to the carbon material due to van der Waals force and ⁇ - ⁇ stacking.
- the surface of the carbon material may be oxidized and contain carboxy groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups. It is believed that the ionic bond between the carboxy group or phenolic hydroxyl group and the basic group in the structural unit (1) facilitates adsorption of the polymer dispersant to the carbon material, further improving the dispersibility.
- the monomer 1 is particularly preferably 4-vinylpyridine.
- a structural unit (1) derived from a quaternary ammonium salt can be obtained by subjecting a structural unit derived from 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-vinylimidazole to a quaternary ammonium salt.
- quaternary ammonium salting for example, halides and sulfate esters can be used. Examples of halides include methyl chloride and benzyl chloride.
- sulfate esters include dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate.
- Preferred quaternary ammonium salts are arylmethyl halides.
- arylmethyl groups include benzyl, naphthylmethyl, anthracenylmethyl, and pyrenylmethyl groups. Among them, a naphthylmethyl group is preferred.
- Monomer 2 is a macromonomer having a polyalkylene glycol chain, represented by the following general formula (1).
- a polymer having a structure in which a polyalkylene glycol chain is grafted can be obtained.
- a polyalkylene glycol chain dissolves in water, which is a liquid dispersion medium.
- the structural unit (1) adsorbed to the carbon material becomes a steric hindrance between particles due to the dissolution of the polyalkylene glycol chain, and repels, and the carbon material is stable in a good state for a long period of time in the liquid dispersion medium. can be distributed
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A represents O or NH
- X represents an ethylene group or a propylene group
- Y represents O, NHCOO, or NHCONH
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- n represents an average number of repeating units of 20 to 100
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, provided that R 2 represents a hydrogen atom.
- the number n H is 1/2 or more of the total number of repeating units n T )
- the molecular weight of monomer 2 represented by general formula (1) is about 880 to 5,800.
- the number nH of repeating units in which R 2 is a hydrogen atom is 1/2 or more of the total number of repeating units nT, so that the polyalkylene glycol chain can be made water-soluble.
- the number nH of repeating units in which R 2 is a hydrogen atom is preferably 3/5 or more of the total number nT of repeating units.
- Monomer 3 is a monomer that can be copolymerized with Monomer 1 and Monomer 2.
- the monomer 3 it is preferable to use a (meth)acrylic acid-based monomer.
- Specific examples of monomer 3 include (meth)acrylic acid; methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, isostearyl, behenyl, cyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, t- butylcyclohexyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, butoxyethyl, phenoxyethyl, nonylphenoxyethyl, glycidyl, isobornyl, dicyclopentanyl, dicyclopentenyl, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl, is
- the monomer 3 contains ⁇ -methylstyrene, and the content of structural units derived from ⁇ -methylstyrene in the polymer is preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, preferably 1 to 3% by mass. is more preferable. If the content of structural units derived from ⁇ -methylstyrene is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the polymerization may proceed somewhat unevenly, and monomer 2 may remain or gel. .
- (meth)acrylic acid as the monomer 3.
- the water solubility of the polymer is improved, and when a quaternary ammonium base is also present in the polymer, the polymer exhibits amphoteric properties. Therefore, it becomes easier to ionically adsorb to the carbon material, and the dispersibility can be further improved.
- the polymer since the polymer exhibits amphotericity, intramolecular and intermolecular ionic bonds are easily formed to form a crosslinked structure, and detachment from the carbon material can be further suppressed.
- the content of structural units derived from (meth)acrylic acid in the polymer is preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass. If the content of structural units derived from (meth)acrylic acid is less than 0.5% by mass, the effect as an acid component tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the content of the structural unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid exceeds 30% by mass, the water solubility may become too high, and the water resistance of the formed coating film may be slightly reduced. .
- the content of the structural unit (1) is 5 to 40% by mass, preferably 10 to 20% by mass, and the content of the structural unit (2) is 50 to 80% by mass, preferably is 55 to 75% by mass, and the content of the structural unit (3) is 0.5 to 40% by mass, preferably 1 to 31% by mass.
- the sum of structural unit (1), structural unit (2), and structural unit (3) is 100% by mass.
- the content of the structural unit (1) is less than 5% by mass, it cannot be sufficiently adsorbed on the carbon material. On the other hand, if the content of the structural unit (1) is more than 40% by mass, it may be colored or emit an odor. There is
- the ratio of structural unit (2) is the largest. Therefore, the polyalkylene glycol chains densely present in the polymer act as a steric hindrance, suppressing the adjacency of the dispersed carbon materials and stably dispersing them. If the content of the structural unit (2) is less than 50% by mass, the steric hindrance may be insufficient and the solubility in water may become difficult. On the other hand, when the content of the structural unit (2) is more than 80% by mass, the monomer 2 with slightly low reactivity tends to remain without being polymerized. If the content of the structural unit (3) exceeds 40% by mass, the proportion of the other structural units is relatively decreased, resulting in deterioration of the function as a dispersant.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer used as the polymer dispersant is 5,000 to 20,000, preferably 10,000 to 15,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer is less than 5,000, the amount of the structural unit (2) derived from the monomer 2, which is a macromonomer, is reduced, resulting in insufficient dispersion stability.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer exceeds 20,000, the resulting carbon material dispersion may have an excessively high viscosity and the required amount of the polymeric dispersant may be too large.
- the number average molecular weight in this specification is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography.
- a polymer used as a polymer dispersant can be produced by a conventionally known radical polymerization method or living radical polymerization method.
- the living radical polymerization method is preferable because the molecular weight of the main chain can be made uniform and an AB block copolymer can be obtained depending on the method of adding the monomers.
- Examples of the living radical polymerization method include a polymerization method that uses a chain transfer agent such as thiol to adjust the molecular weight, an atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP method), a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method (RAFT method), a nitroxide method ( NMP method), organic tellurium method (TERP method), iodine transfer polymerization method (ITP method), reversible transfer catalyst polymerization method (RTCP method), reversible catalyst-mediated polymerization method (RCMP method), and the like.
- ATRP method atom transfer radical polymerization method
- RAFT method a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method
- NMP method nitroxide method
- TMP method organic tellurium method
- ITP method iodine transfer polymerization method
- RTCP method reversible transfer catalyst polymerization method
- RCMP method reversible catalyst-mediated polymerization method
- the polymerization conditions, etc. are not particularly limited. Azo-based radical generators, peroxide-based radical generators, photosensitizers, and the like may be added to the reaction system.
- the polymerization method may be solventless polymerization, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, or the like. Among them, solution polymerization is preferred, and solution polymerization in the aforementioned water-soluble organic solvent that can be blended in the carbon material dispersion is more preferred. By carrying out solution polymerization in a water-soluble organic solvent, the resulting polymer solution can be directly blended into the carbon material dispersion.
- the desired polymer can be obtained by polymerizing Monomer 1, Monomer 2, and Monomer 3 by solution polymerization or the like. Further, after the monomer 1, the monomer 2, and the monomer 3 are polymerized, an alkyl halide such as benzyl chloride, naphthylmethyl chloride, acetynylmethyl chloride, pyrenylmethyl chloride, naphthylmethyl bromide is added to the reaction system, and the monomer 1 is The amino group derived from may be quaternary ammonium salified.
- bis(trifluoromethylsulfone)imide lithium salt bis(heptafluorobutylsulfone)imide lithium salt, or the like may be added to ion-exchange the quaternary ammonium salt to form a sulfimide salt.
- the content of the polymer dispersant is preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 150 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbon material. . Moreover, the content of the carbon material in the carbon material dispersion is preferably 15% by mass or less.
- the carbon material dispersion can further contain additives, resins, and the like.
- Additives include water-soluble dyes, pigments, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, leveling agents, antifoaming agents, preservatives, antifungal agents, photopolymerization initiators, and other pigment dispersants. can be mentioned.
- resins examples include polyolefin resins, polyhalogenated olefin resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyether resins, polyvinyl resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polymethacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, polyepoxy resins, polyphenol resins, Polyurea resins, polyethersulfone resins and the like can be mentioned.
- the carbon material dispersion of the present embodiment can be prepared by using the above polymer as a polymer dispersant and dispersing the carbon material in a liquid dispersion medium containing water as a main component according to a conventionally known method.
- a conventionally known method can be used for example.
- dispersing methods such as disper stirring, kneading with a triple roll, ultrasonic dispersion, bead mill dispersion, emulsifying equipment, dispersion using a high-pressure homogenizer, and the like can be used.
- bead mill dispersion, ultrasonic dispersion, and dispersion using a high-pressure homogenizer are preferable because of their high dispersion effect.
- the dispersibility of the carbon material in the carbon material dispersion can be confirmed by the following method of measuring absorbance using a spectrophotometer. First, a plurality of extremely low-concentration dispersions with known carbon material concentrations were prepared, the absorbance of these dispersions at a specific wavelength was measured, and a calibration curve was created by plotting the absorbance against the concentration of the carbon material. Keep Then, the carbon material dispersion is subjected to centrifugal separation to sediment and separate the carbon material that cannot be completely dispersed to obtain a supernatant liquid.
- the obtained supernatant is diluted so that the absorbance can be measured, the absorbance is measured, and the concentration of the carbon material is calculated from the calibration curve. By comparing the calculated concentration of the carbon material and the charged amount of the carbon material, the dispersibility of the carbon material can be evaluated.
- the dispersibility of the carbon material can also be confirmed by confirming the presence or absence of aggregates after allowing the carbon material dispersion after centrifugation to stand for a long period of time. Furthermore, the state of the carbon material dispersion dropped onto a glass plate or the like is observed using an electron microscope or the like, and the physical properties such as electrical conductivity of the film formed by coating and drying the carbon material dispersion are measured. It is also possible to confirm the dispersibility of the carbon material.
- the carbon material dispersion of the present embodiment is a water-based dispersion, it is an environmentally friendly material and is useful as a material for water-based paints, inks, plastic moldings, and the like. In addition to being expected to be used as a conductive material and thermal conductive agent, it is also expected to be applied to antistatic materials.
- Water-based paints and inks can be prepared by adding components such as solvents, resins and additives to the carbon material dispersion. Alternatively, the carbon material dispersion may be added to commercially available paints or inks.
- a plastic molding in which a carbon material is dispersed can be produced, for example, by adding a carbon material dispersion to a molten plastic material and then removing water.
- a plastic molded product in which the carbon material is dispersed can be produced by adding the carbon material dispersion to the finely powdered plastic material and then removing the water or precipitating the carbon material.
- MC-1 polypropylene glycol polyethylene glycol copolymer having a methacryloyl group bonded to one end thereof was produced.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Mn polystyrene-equivalent number-average molecular weight
- PDI molecular weight distribution
- Mw number-average molecular weight
- MnT number of repeating units
- polymeric dispersant A-1 polymer
- the polymer dispersant A-1 has an Mn of 9,600, a PDI of 1.83, and a peak top molecular weight (PT) of 22,700, derived from MC-1 used as a starting material. Almost no peak was observed.
- the amine value (in terms of resin pure content) of the polymer dispersant A-1 was 86.2 mgKOH/g.
- the solid content of the liquid containing polymeric dispersant A-1 measured using a moisture meter was 50.4%.
- Synthesis Examples 2-5) Liquids containing polymer dispersants A-2 to A-5 were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that the compositions shown in Table 1 were used. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained polymeric dispersants A-2 to A-5.
- MC-2 and MC-3 obtained in Synthesis Examples 2 and 3 are both macromonomers corresponding to the monomer 2 represented by the general formula (1), and the number of repeating units nH is the total It is 1/2 or more of the repeating unit number nT .
- ⁇ M1000 Single-ended amino polypropylene glycol polyethylene glycol methyl ether (trade name “Jeffamine M1000”, manufactured by Huntsman)
- ⁇ M3085 Single-ended amino polypropylene glycol polyethylene glycol methyl ether (trade name “Jeffamine M3085”, manufactured by Huntsman)
- ⁇ 2VP 2-vinylpyridine
- ⁇ 1VI 1-vinylimidazole
- polymeric dispersant A-6 a liquid containing a polymer (polymeric dispersant A-6).
- the solid content of the resulting liquid containing polymeric dispersant A-6 was 40.2%.
- the amine value of the polymeric dispersant A-6 was approximately 0 mgKOH/g, indicating that the reaction proceeded quantitatively and all of the amino groups derived from 4VP were quaternary ammonium salted.
- VBQ benzyl chloride salt of 4-vinylpyridine
- VNQ naphthylmethyl chloride salt of 4-vinylpyridine
- VAQ anthracenylmethyl chloride salt of 4-vinylpyridine
- the polymer dispersant A-10 (polymer) has an Mn of 11,900, a PDI of 1.88, and a PT of 25,900. I didn't. Further, the amine value (converted to the pure resin content) of the polymer dispersant A-10 was 50.0 mgKOH/g, and the acid value (converted to the pure resin content) was 50.0 mgKOH/g. This polymer is a zwitterionic polymeric dispersant having amino and carboxy groups in its structure. The solid content of the liquid containing polymeric dispersant A-10 was 50.9%.
- CNT Dispersions-2 to 16 were prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 described above, except that the formulations shown in Table 5 were used.
- ⁇ Evaluation of CNT dispersion> The CNT concentration after centrifugation of the prepared CNT dispersion was measured.
- a spectrophotometer was used to measure the CNT concentration. Specifically, a calibration curve was created by measuring the absorbance of a sample with a known CNT concentration. Then, the absorbance of the sample diluted to a concentration at which the absorbance can be measured was measured, and the CNT concentration of the sample was calculated from the calibration curve. Also, using an E-type viscometer, the viscosity of the prepared CNT dispersion was measured at 25°C. Furthermore, the state of the CNT dispersion after the centrifugation was left to stand for 7 days, and the presence or absence of aggregates was confirmed.
- the ratio (%) of the CNT concentration after centrifugation to the designed CNT concentration was calculated as "dispersion stability (%)". The closer the dispersion stability is to 100%, the better the dispersibility of CNTs. Table 6 shows the evaluation results of CNT dispersibility.
- NGR nanographene
- a stirrer was placed in the container, and while stirring the contents using a magnetic stirrer, ultrasonic waves were applied for 60 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser with an output of 300 W to obtain NGR Dispersion-1, which is a viscous liquid. rice field.
- NGR Dispersions-2 to 9 were prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 14 except that the formulations shown in Table 7 were used.
- the carbon material dispersion of the present invention is useful, for example, as a constituent material for water-based coatings, water-based inks, plastic moldings, etc., which exhibit properties such as high electrical conductivity and high heat transfer, as well as battery materials, electronic component trays, and ICs. It is suitable for various uses such as chip covers, electromagnetic wave shields, automobile members, and robot parts.
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Abstract
Description
[1]カーボン材料、水、及び高分子分散剤を含有し、前記高分子分散剤が、2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、及び1-ビニルイミダゾールからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の塩基性モノマーの第4級アンモニウム塩であるモノマー1に由来する構成単位(1)5~40質量%と、下記一般式(1)で表されるモノマー2に由来する構成単位(2)50~80質量%と、前記モノマー1及び前記モノマー2と共重合可能なモノマー3に由来する構成単位(3)0.5~40質量%と、を含む、数平均分子量が5,000~20,000のポリマーである水性のカーボン材料分散液。
[3]前記モノマー3が、α-メチルスチレンを含み、前記ポリマー中、前記α-メチルスチレンに由来する構成単位の含有量が、0.5~5質量%である前記[1]又は[2]に記載のカーボン材料分散液。
[4]前記モノマー3が、(メタ)アクリル酸を含み、前記ポリマー中、前記(メタ)アクリル酸に由来する構成単位の含有量が、0.5~30質量%である前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のカーボン材料分散液。
[5]前記カーボン材料100質量部に対する、前記高分子分散剤の含有量が、10~200質量部であり、前記カーボン材料の含有量が、15質量%以下である前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のカーボン材料分散液。
[6]水可溶性の有機溶媒の含有量が、20質量%以下である前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のカーボン材料分散液。
[7]前記塩基性モノマーの第4級アンモニウム塩が、前記塩基性モノマーのベンジルクロリド塩、ナフチルメチルクロリド塩、又はアントラセニルメチルクロリド塩である前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のカーボン材料分散液。
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明するが、本発明は以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではない。本発明のカーボン材料分散液の一実施形態は、カーボン材料、水、及び高分子分散剤を含有する。そして、高分子分散剤が、2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、1-ビニルイミダゾール、及びこれらの第4級アンモニウム塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のモノマー1に由来する構成単位(1)5~40質量%と、下記一般式(1)で表されるモノマー2に由来する構成単位(2)50~80質量%と、モノマー1及びモノマー2と共重合可能なモノマー3に由来する構成単位(3)0.5~40質量%と、を含む、数平均分子量が5,000~20,000のポリマーである。以下、本実施形態のカーボン材料分散液の詳細について説明する。
カーボン材料としては、カーボンブラック、カーボンファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ、グラファイト、及びグラフェンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を用いることが好ましい。カーボンブラックとしては、アセチレンブラック、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、サーマルブラック、ケッチェンブラック等を挙げることができる。カーボンブラックのストラクチャー、吸油量、及び比表面積等の物性値や、酸化等の表面改質等の有無については特に限定されず、従来公知のカーボンブラックを用いることができる。
本実施形態のカーボン材料分散液は、カーボン材料を分散させる液分散媒体として水を含有する。すなわち、本実施形態のカーボン材料分散液は、水性の分散液である。液分散媒体には、必要に応じて、水以外の液媒体を含有させてもよい。水以外の液媒体としては、水可溶性の有機溶媒を用いることができる。有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン等の多価アルコール類;テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類;ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類;ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等のグリコールエーテルエステル類;ピロリドン、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド等のアミド類;テトラメチル尿素、ジメチル1,3-イミダゾリジノン等の尿素系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の硫黄含有溶媒;1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド等のイオン液体;等を挙げることができる。カーボン材料分散液中の水可溶性の有機溶媒の含有量は、20質量%以下とすることが好ましく、10質量%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
高分子分散剤は、モノマー1に由来する構成単位(1)、モノマー2に由来する構成単位(2)、及びモノマー3に由来する構成単位(3)を含むポリマーである。モノマー1は、2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、1-ビニルイミダゾール、及びこれらの第4級アンモニウム塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である。2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、及び1-ビニルイミダゾールは、いずれも塩基性モノマーであり、これらのモノマーに由来する構成単位(1)はカーボン材料に吸着して分散性に寄与する。
2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、及び1-ビニルイミダゾールに由来する構成単位を第4級アンモニウム塩化することで、第4級アンモニウム塩に由来する構成単位(1)とすることができる。第4級アンモニウム塩化するための材料(第4級アンモニウム塩化剤)としては、例えば、ハロゲン化物及び硫酸エステル類等を用いることができる。ハロゲン化物としては、塩化メチル、塩化ベンジル等を挙げることができる。硫酸エステル類としては、ジメチル硫酸、ジエチル硫酸等を挙げることができる。第4級アンモニウム塩としては、ハロゲン化アリールメチルが好ましい。アリールメチル基としては、ベンジル基、ナフチルメチル基、アントラセニルメチル基、及びピレニルメチル基等を挙げることができる。なかでも、ナフチルメチル基が好ましい。
高分子分散剤として用いるポリマーは、従来公知のラジカル重合法やリビングラジカル重合法により製造することができる。なかでも、リビングラジカル重合法によって製造することが、主鎖の分子量を揃えることができるとともに、モノマーの添加方法によってはABブロックコポリマーとすることができるために好ましい。
カーボン材料100質量部に対する、高分子分散剤の含有量は、10~200質量部であることが好ましく、20~150質量部であることがさらに好ましく、30~100質量部であることが特に好ましい。また、カーボン材料分散液中のカーボン材料の含有量は、15質量%以下であることが好ましい。カーボン材料に対する高分子分散剤の含有量を上記の範囲とすることで、カーボン材料がより安定的に分散したカーボン材料分散液とすることができる。カーボン材料に対して高分子分散剤が過度に少ないと、分散性がやや不十分になることがある。一方、カーボン材料に対して高分子分散剤が過度に多くなると、カーボン材料分散液が増粘しやすくなるとともに、固形分中のカーボン材料の比率が相対的に低くなることがある。
本実施形態のカーボン材料分散液は、前述のポリマーを高分子分散剤として使用し、カーボン材料を従来公知の方法にしたがって水を主成分とする液分散媒体中に分散させることで調製することができる。例えば、ディスパー撹拌、三本ロールでの混練、超音波分散、ビーズミル分散、乳化装置、高圧ホモジナイザー等を用いる分散等の分散方法を用いることができる。なかでも、分散効果が高いことから、ビーズミル分散、超音波分散、高圧ホモジナイザーを用いる分散が好ましい。
カーボン材料分散液中におけるカーボン材料の分散性は、以下に示すような、分光光度計を使用して吸光度を測定する方法によって確認することができる。まず、カーボン材料の濃度が既知の極低濃度の分散液を複数調製するとともに、特定波長におけるこれらの分散液の吸光度を測定し、カーボン材料の濃度に対して吸光度をプロットした検量線を作成しておく。そして、カーボン材料分散液を遠心分離処理して分散しきれないカーボン材料を沈降分離しして上澄み液を得る。吸光度を測定可能な濃度となるように得られた上澄み液を希釈して吸光度を測定し、検量線からカーボン材料の濃度を算出する。算出したカーボン材料の濃度と、カーボン材料の仕込み量とを比較することで、カーボン材料の分散性を評価することができる。
本実施形態のカーボン材料分散液は水系の分散液であることから、環境にやさしい材料であり、水性の塗料やインキ、及びプラスチック成形物等の材料として有用である。また、導電性材料や熱導電剤としての利用が期待できるほか、帯電防止材料への応用も期待される。水性の塗料やインキは、例えば、溶剤、樹脂、及び添加物等の成分をカーボン材料分散液に添加して調製することができる。また、市販の塗料やインキにカーボン材料分散液を添加してもよい。カーボン材料が分散したプラスチック成形物は、例えば、溶融状態のプラスチック材料にカーボン材料分散液を添加した後、水を除去することによって製造することができる。また、微粉末状態のプラスチック材料にカーボン材料分散液を添加した後、水を除去する、又はカーボン材料を析出させることによっても、カーボン材料が分散したプラスチック成形物を製造することができる。
(合成例1)
(a)マクロモノマーの合成
撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、温度計、及び滴下ロートを取り付けた反応装置に、片末端アミノ化ポリプロピレングリコールポリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル共重合体(M41)(商品名「ゲナミンM41/2000」、クラリアント社製、実測アミン価26.4mgKOH/g)142.5部(0.067mol)を入れて撹拌した。メタクリル酸2-イソシアナトエチル(MOI)(商品名「カレンズMOI」、昭和電工社製)10.4部(0.067mol)を滴下ロートに入れ、水浴で冷却した反応装置内に30分間かけて滴下した。反応液の一部をサンプリングしてIR測定し、MOI由来のイソシアネート基の吸収の消失及び尿素結合の生成を確認した。また、生成物のアミン価は0.2mgKOH/gであり、アミノ基とイソシアネート基の反応がほぼ完結していることを確認した。なお、アミン価は、0.1mol/L 2-プロパノール性塩酸溶液を用いた電位差自動滴定装置により測定した。以上より、その片末端にメタクリロイル基が結合したポリプロピレングリコールポリエチレングリコール共重合体(MC-1)が生成したことを確認した。テトラヒドロフラン(THF)を展開溶媒とするゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した、MC-1のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量(Mn)は2,800であり、分子量分布(PDI=重量平均分子量(Mw)/数平均分子量(Mn))は1.09であった。MC-1は、一般式(1)で表されるモノマー2に該当するマクロモノマーであり、繰り返し単位数nHは、全体の繰り返し単位数nTの1/2以上である。
撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、温度計、及び窒素導入管を取り付けた反応装置に、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル(BDG)95部、MC-1 70部、α-メチルスチレン(αMS)2.5部、スチレン(St)10.5部、及び4-ビニルピリジン(4VP)17部を入れ、窒素ガスをバブリングさせながら75℃まで加温した。70℃に到達した時点で、2,2’-アゾビス(イソ酪酸)ジメチル(V-601)(商品名「V-601」、和光純薬社製)5部を添加し、75℃で4時間重合した。さらに、V-601 2.5部を追加し、75℃で4時間重合してポリマー(高分子分散剤A-1)を含む液体を得た。高分子分散剤A-1(ポリマー)のMnは9,600であり、PDIは1.83であり、ピークトップ分子量(PT)は22,700であり、原料として用いたMC-1に由来するピークはほとんど認められなかった。また、高分子分散剤A-1のアミン価(樹脂純分換算)は86.2mgKOH/gであった。水分計を使用して測定した、高分子分散剤A-1を含む液体の固形分は、50.4%であった。
表1に示す組成としたこと以外は、前述の合成例1と同様にして、高分子分散剤A-2~5を含む液体を得た。得られた高分子分散剤A-2~5の物性を表1に示す。なお、合成例2及び3で得たMC-2及びMC-3は、いずれも、一般式(1)で表されるモノマー2に該当するマクロモノマーであり、繰り返し単位数nHは、全体の繰り返し単位数nTの1/2以上である。
・M1000:片末端アミノポリプロピレングリコールポリエチレングリコールメチルエーテル(商品名「ジェファーミンM1000」、ハンツマン社製)
・M3085:片末端アミノポリプロピレングリコールポリエチレングリコールメチルエーテル(商品名「ジェファーミンM3085」、ハンツマン社製)
・2VP:2-ビニルピリジン
・1VI:1-ビニルイミダゾール
(c)アミノ基の第4級アンモニウム塩化
撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、温度計、及び滴下ロートを取り付けた反応装置に、高分子分散剤A-1 100部を入れた。BDG 30部を添加して希釈した後、室温で10分間撹拌して均一化し、溶液を得た。得られた溶液中には、4VPに由来するアミノ基が0.081mol存在している。BDG10.25g及び塩化ベンジル(BzCl)10.25g(0.081mol)を含む溶液を室温下、滴下ロートから30分間かけて滴下した。滴下後、80℃まで加温して5時間維持して、ポリマー(高分子分散剤A-6)を含む液体を得た。得られた高分子分散剤A-6を含む液体の固形分は、40.2%であった。また、高分子分散剤A-6のアミン価はほぼ0mgKOH/gであり、反応が定量的に進行して4VPに由来するアミノ基のすべてが第4級アンモニウム塩化したことがわかる。
表2に示す組成としたこと以外は、前述の合成例6と同様にして、高分子分散剤A-7~9を含む液体を得た。得られた高分子分散剤A-7~9の物性を表2に示す。
・VBQ:4-ビニルピリジンのベンジルクロリド塩
・VNQ:4-ビニルピリジンのナフチルメチルクロリド塩
・VAQ:4-ビニルピリジンのアントラセニルメチルクロリド塩
撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、温度計、及び窒素導入管を取り付けた反応装置に、BDG95.0部、MC-1 70部、αMS2.5部、St10.4部、メタクリル酸(MAA)7.7部、及び4VP9.4部を入れ、窒素ガスをバブリングさせながら75℃まで加温した。70℃に到達した時点で、V-601 5部を添加し、75℃で4時間重合した。さらに、V-601 2.5部を追加し、75℃で4時間重合して、ポリマー(高分子分散剤A-10)を含む液体を得た。高分子分散剤A-10(ポリマー)のMnは11,900であり、PDIは1.88であり、PTは25,900であり、原料として用いたMC-1に由来するピークはほとんど認められなかった。また、高分子分散剤A-10のアミン価(樹脂純分換算)は50.0mgKOH/gであり、酸価(樹脂純分換算)は50.0mgKOH/gであった。このポリマーは、その構造中にアミノ基とカルボキシ基を有する両イオン性の高分子分散剤である。高分子分散剤A-10を含む液体の固形分は、50.9%であった。
表3に示す組成としたこと以外は、前述の合成例10と同様にして、高分子分散剤A-11~13を含む液体を得た。得られた高分子分散剤A-11~13の物性を表3に示す。
撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、温度計、及び窒素導入管を取り付けた反応装置に、BDG95.0部、MC-1 70部、αMS2.5部、St7.5部、及びメタクリル酸2-(N,N-ジメチルアミノエチル)(DMAEMA)20部を入れた。それ以降は、前述の合成例1((b)高分子分散剤の合成)と同様にして、ポリマー(高分子分散剤H-1)を含む液体を得た。高分子分散剤H-1(ポリマー)のMnは10,400であり、PDIは1.81であり、PTは23,200であり、原料として用いたMC-1に由来するピークはほとんど認められなかった。また、高分子分散剤H-1のアミン価(樹脂純分換算)は73.2mgKOH/gであった。高分子分散剤H-1を含む液体の固形分は、50.5%であった。
表4に示す組成としたこと以外は、前述の比較合成例1と同様にして、高分子分散剤H-2及び3を含む液体を得た。得られた高分子分散剤H-2及び3の物性を表4に示す。
(参考例1)
樹脂製の容器に、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)(平均径40nm、平均長8.0μm)3部、水91.05部、高分子分散剤A-1を含む液体(固形分50.4%)5.59部、及びジルコニアビーズ(直径0.8mmφ)180部を入れた。CNTは湿潤したが容器の底に沈んでおり、上部は透明層であった。スキャンデックスを使用して60分間分散処理したところ、液は均一に黒くなり、CNTの凝集状態が解れた状態となった。次いで、遠心分離処理して十分に分散しなかったCNTを沈降分離し、上澄み液をCNT分散液-1として取り出した。
表5に示す配合としたこと以外は、前述の参考例1と同様にして、CNT分散液-2~16を調製した。
調製したCNT分散液の遠心分離後のCNT濃度を測定した。CNT濃度の測定には、分光光度計を使用した。具体的には、CNT濃度既知のサンプルの吸光度を測定して検量線を作成した。そして、吸光度を測定可能な濃度に希釈した試料の吸光度を測定し、検量線から試料のCNT濃度を算出した。また、E型粘度計を使用し、調製したCNT分散液の25℃における粘度を測定した。さらに、遠心分離後のCNT分散液を7日間静置した後の状態を観察し、凝集物の有無を確認した。また、設計したCNT濃度に対する、遠心分離後のCNT濃度の割合(%)を「分散安定性(%)」として算出した。分散安定性が100%に近いほど、CNTの分散性が良好であることを意味する。CNT分散性の評価結果を表6に示す。
(参考例14)
樹脂製の容器に、ナノグラフェン(NGR)(平均径5μm、平均厚6~8nm)5部、水85.08部、及び高分子分散剤A-1を含む液体(固形分50.4%)9.92部を入れた。容器内に撹拌子を入れ、マグネチックスターラーを使用して内容物を撹拌しながら、出力300Wの超音波分散機で超音波を60分間照射して、粘性液体であるNGR分散液-1を得た。
表7に示す配合としたこと以外は、前述の参考例14と同様にして、NGR分散液-2~9を調製した。
E型粘度計を使用し、調製したNGR分散液の25℃における粘度を測定した。また、動的光散乱式の粒度分布測定装置を使用して、NGR分散液中のNGRのメジアン径(D50(μm))を測定した。さらに、動的光散乱式の粒度分布測定装置を使用してNGR分散液中のNGRの粒度分布を測定し、凝集物の有無を確認した。NGR分散性の評価結果を表8に示す。
Claims (7)
- カーボン材料、水、及び高分子分散剤を含有し、
前記高分子分散剤が、
2-ビニルピリジン、4-ビニルピリジン、及び1-ビニルイミダゾールからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の塩基性モノマーの第4級アンモニウム塩であるモノマー1に由来する構成単位(1)5~40質量%と、
下記一般式(1)で表されるモノマー2に由来する構成単位(2)50~80質量%と、
前記モノマー1及び前記モノマー2と共重合可能なモノマー3に由来する構成単位(3)0.5~40質量%と、を含む、
数平均分子量が5,000~20,000のポリマーである水性のカーボン材料分散液。
(前記一般式(1)中、R1は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、AはO又はNHを示し、Xはエチレン基又はプロピレン基を示し、YはO、NHCOO、又はNHCONHを示し、R2は、相互に独立に水素原子又はメチル基を示し、nは20~100の平均繰り返し単位数を示し、R3は水素原子又はメチル基を示す。但し、R2が水素原子である繰り返し単位数nHは、全体の繰り返し単位数nTの1/2以上である) - 前記カーボン材料が、カーボンブラック、カーボンファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ、グラファイト、及びグラフェンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である請求項1に記載のカーボン材料分散液。
- 前記モノマー3が、α-メチルスチレンを含み、
前記ポリマー中、前記α-メチルスチレンに由来する構成単位の含有量が、0.5~5質量%である請求項1又は2に記載のカーボン材料分散液。 - 前記モノマー3が、(メタ)アクリル酸を含み、
前記ポリマー中、前記(メタ)アクリル酸に由来する構成単位の含有量が、0.5~30質量%である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のカーボン材料分散液。 - 前記カーボン材料100質量部に対する、前記高分子分散剤の含有量が、10~200質量部であり、
前記カーボン材料の含有量が、15質量%以下である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のカーボン材料分散液。 - 水可溶性の有機溶媒の含有量が、20質量%以下である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のカーボン材料分散液。
- 前記塩基性モノマーの第4級アンモニウム塩が、前記塩基性モノマーのベンジルクロリド塩、ナフチルメチルクロリド塩、又はアントラセニルメチルクロリド塩である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のカーボン材料分散液。
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