CN116283843A - α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
本发明提供一种α‑乙酰‑γ‑丁内酯的制备方法,包括:在醇钠和有机溶剂的搅拌状态下、温度70℃,加入一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ‑丁内酯,保温反应半个小时,然后滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ‑丁内酯,保温反应8~10小时;反应结束后,温度降至45℃,加入磷酸,pH值保持在5~6,温度50℃搅拌置换出钠离子;再进行后处理得到所述α‑乙酰‑γ‑丁内酯。本发明提供的α‑乙酰‑γ‑丁内酯的制备方法,生产安全且最终产品收率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化工中间体的制备,尤其涉及一种α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法。
背景技术
α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯是重要的化工中间体,可以用来制备3-巯基-4-氧代-戊基乙酸酯、环丙胺、杀菌剂丙硫菌唑、抗惊厥及镇静催眠药物盐酸氯美噻嗪、叶绿素、延心痛、氯喹、抗精神病药物利培酮、帕潘立酮、部分香料等。α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯也是一种很好的药物分析试剂,可以与伯胺或磺胺类药物发生显色反应,常用于这些药物制剂的分析;同时α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯还具有β-二羰基的结构特征,能与许多物质发生配合反应。
目前α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的主要有两种合成工艺,一是以醇为溶媒、强碱为缩合剂,由乙酰乙酸乙酯与环氧乙烷缩合闭环制得;但是环氧乙烷属于一级易燃易爆的化学物品,反应中存在严重的安全隐患。二是用γ-丁内酯和乙酸乙酯在碱金属的作用下反应,但是反应过于激烈,存在安全隐患,且反应物都是滴加进去的,反应时间长、产品收率不高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,生产安全且最终产品收率高。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法采用如下技术方案:
一种α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法, 包括:在醇钠和有机溶剂的搅拌状态下、温度70℃,加入一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,保温反应半个小时,然后滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,保温反应8~10小时;反应结束后,温度降至45℃,加入磷酸,pH值保持在5~6,温度50℃搅拌置换出钠离子;再进行后处理得到所述α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯。
可选的,所述醇钠是甲醇钠。
可选的,所述甲醇钠的当量是所述γ-丁内酯的1.2~1.3倍。
可选的,所述乙酸甲酯的当量是所述γ-丁内酯的6倍。
可选的,所述有机溶剂是二甲苯。
可选的,所述滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯是在30min~60min之间滴加完成。
可选的,所述后处理是:经精馏柱蒸馏得到所述α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯。
本发明提供的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,本发明加入一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,保温反应半个小时,然后滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,相对于现有技术全部是滴加反应,所需时间短,操作简单;试验证明本发明相对于丁内脂、α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的质量收率达到33%,摩尔收率在90%以上。
本发明甲醇钠的当量是γ-丁内酯的1.2~1.3倍,相对于现有技术碱金属的使用量,本发明相对较高,催化剂量充分,充分确保原料全部反应。
本发明乙酸甲酯的当量是γ-丁内酯的6倍,相对于现有技术酰化剂的使用量较高,一方面是保证反应物γ-丁内酯全部反应完,另一方面,本发明副反应产物处理相对简单,不需要过多地投入。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明主反应过程:
本发明副反应过程
实施例
准备:搭建设备:1000ml烧瓶,冷凝回流器,尾气吸收(隔绝空气),对设备通氮气干燥10min,并有氩气充分置换5min。
向烧瓶中投入甲醇钠39.22g,二甲苯370g,开启搅拌升温至70℃。
在搅拌状态下加入混合液(乙酸甲酯258.15g,丁内酯50.0g)得一半,反应30min;然后在30~60min内滴加剩余部分(浅黄色溶液);
开启冷凝回流,油浴加热升温(随着升温,反应体系颜色逐渐加深,当达到回流温度(70℃)时淡黄色,随着反应进行,回流温度逐渐下降2℃左右)。回流保温反应8h。
反应结束后降温,当温度为45℃左右,加磷酸117.5g,pH值为5~6,保温50℃左右搅拌置换30min。
将调酸保温转化后的体系转入分液漏斗,分液得到磷酸盐水相116.8g和油相701.2g,该过程气相损失和设备附着损失约17g分别取样送检测气相纯度,γ-丁内酯,α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯气相含量。
后处理:
准备:搭建设备:500ml蒸馏烧瓶,精馏柱,回流比控制器。
将分液得到油相转移至蒸馏烧瓶,开启搅拌,油浴加热(设定80℃),精馏柱顶冷凝回流。
当T油=80℃,T内≤75℃,T支≤68℃,柱顶有回流,全回流15min后设定回流比1:1开始采出, 常压蒸馏结束,得到乙酸甲酯和甲醇馏分M1(约226g),送检测气相纯度,降温(水泵减压全回流降温)。
当T油=80℃,T内≤80℃左右,T支≤30℃作用,全回流稳定15min,换瓶收集馏分,回流比1:1采出,直到柱顶几乎无馏分采出(此时T内=70℃左右,T支=50℃左右回落),得到二甲苯馏分M2(约324.4g),送检测气相纯度。
改用油泵减压精馏,换瓶收集馏分,稳定15min后设定回流比3:1采出。当柱顶几乎没回流,逐渐升高油温120℃,收集T支<75℃馏分,得到丁内酯馏分M3(约14.8g),送检测气相纯度。
当T支=50℃,升高油温到130℃,换瓶收集T支=75~98℃馏分,得到中间馏分M4(约19.1g),送检测气相纯度。
当T支=98℃,升高油温到160℃,设定回流比1:2,换瓶收集T支>98℃馏分,得到乙酰丁内酯馏分M5(约59.34g),送检测气相纯度。
本实施例α-乙酰- γ-丁内酯质量收率(对丁内酯)133%(摩尔收率90%以上);含量:≥98%。
本发明副产物磷酸二氢钠,市场需求量比较大,回收比较容易;副产物乙酰乙酸甲酯,是杀菌剂恶霉灵、二甲嘧酚、乙嘧酚,杀虫剂二嗪磷、蝇毒磷、嘧啶氧磷,除草剂咪唑乙烟酸,杀鼠剂杀鼠醚、杀鼠灵等的中间体,用作纤维素醚的溶剂和纤维素树脂混合溶剂的成分,也用于农药、医药、染料、高分子稳定剂等有机合成中,也可以回收利用。
本发明所制备α-乙酰- γ-丁内酯介绍
化学结构:
CAS:517-23-7
化学性质:一种为无色透明的液体,有酯类气味,溶于有机溶剂,在水中溶解度为20%,室温下比较稳定。
熔点:-12至-13℃
沸点:253 °C (常压),142-143℃(4kPa),107-108℃(667Pa),96℃(0.4kPa)。
溶于水310 g/L (20 ºC),溶于醇、醚、二甲苯、氯仿和二氯甲烷等。
用途:主要用途是用于合成维生素B1和农药。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:在醇钠和有机溶剂的搅拌状态下、温度70℃,加入一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,保温反应半个小时,然后滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯,保温反应8~10小时;反应结束后,温度降至45℃,加入磷酸,pH值保持在5~6,温度50℃搅拌置换出钠离子;再进行后处理得到所述α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述醇钠是甲醇钠。
3.根据权利要求2所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述甲醇钠的当量是所述γ-丁内酯的1.2~1.3倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乙酸甲酯的当量是所述γ-丁内酯的6倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂是二甲苯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述滴加另一半的反应物乙酸甲酯和γ-丁内酯是在30min~60min之间滴加完成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述后处理是:经精馏柱蒸馏得到所述α-乙酰-γ-丁内酯。
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