WO2014209063A1 - 알릴알콜의 제조방법 - Google Patents
알릴알콜의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014209063A1 WO2014209063A1 PCT/KR2014/005754 KR2014005754W WO2014209063A1 WO 2014209063 A1 WO2014209063 A1 WO 2014209063A1 KR 2014005754 W KR2014005754 W KR 2014005754W WO 2014209063 A1 WO2014209063 A1 WO 2014209063A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- allyl alcohol
- formic acid
- reaction product
- reaction
- glycerol
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of -OH groups, e.g. by dehydration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/128—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by alcoholysis
- C07C29/1285—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by alcoholysis of esters of organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing allyl alcohol, and more particularly, by reacting glycerol and formic acid under special synthetic conditions, it is possible to dramatically increase the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product, by-product allyl formate and unreacted It relates to a process for preparing new allyl alcohol, which can minimize formic acid.
- This application is filed with the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0074507 filed with the Korean Patent Office on June 27, 2013, the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0061369 and 2014 filed with the Korean Patent Office on May 22, 2014. Claims the benefit of the filing date of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0079572 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on June 27, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Glycerol which is used as a raw material in the manufacture of allyl alcohol of the registered patent, is mainly used as a by-product from the biodiesel manufacturing process, and is widely used as a raw material, a solvent, or a lubricant of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, but as the production of biodiesel increases, glycerol is a by-product.
- formic acid had to be added in excess of glycerol (eg 1.45 equivalents). In this case, the yield of allyl alcohol is high, but the reaction time is long and the process steps are complicated.
- the gas phase product generated in (a) prepared from the prior art is CO 2 , H 2 O (W , bp 100 °C), allyl formate (AF, bp 80-83 °C), allyl alcohol (AA, bp 97 °C) and large amounts of unreacted formic acid (FA, bp 100.8 °C).
- the concentration of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product which passes through the gas separator (b) is low, thereby increasing the energy and cost of the separation process.
- the present invention can significantly increase the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product using special synthetic conditions, and can minimize by-products allyl formate and unreacted formic acid, It is an object to provide a process for the preparation of new allyl alcohol.
- step b) it provides a method for producing allyl alcohol comprising the step of separating the liquid reaction product containing allyl alcohol through a condensation process from the gas phase reaction product generated in step a).
- the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product can be dramatically increased, and allyl formate and unreacted formic acid, which are byproducts, can be minimized. It is possible to produce allyl alcohol on a commercial scale.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a conceptual design for the production of allyl alcohol.
- Figure 2 is a reaction scheme showing a two-step process for the synthesis of allyl alcohol from glycerol.
- Figure 3 is a scheme showing the esterification reaction of glyceryl formate and formic acid.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing allyl alcohol as a main product that can dramatically increase the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product using special synthetic conditions and minimizes by-product allyl formate and unreacted formic acid. Therefore, it is possible to produce a significantly higher content of allyl alcohol compared to the conventional.
- step b) separating the liquid reaction product including allyl alcohol from the gaseous reaction product generated in step a) through a condensation process.
- FIG. 2 a two-step reaction in which allyl alcohol is synthesized from glycerol is shown in FIG. 2.
- the reaction is a reaction in which 1 mol of allyl alcohol is produced by sequentially removing 2 mol of water from 1 mol of glycerol.
- the first dehydration reaction occurs by reaction of 1 mole of formic acid and 1 mole of glycerol at low temperature
- the second dehydration reaction occurs by reaction of 1 mole of glyceryl formate, an allyl alcohol precursor produced by the first dehydration reaction at high temperature.
- formic acid reacts with glycerol to release one molecule of water to form glyceryl formate, a precursor of allyl alcohol
- glyceryl formate reacts with one molecule of water in the presence of formic acid at high temperature.
- One molecule of carbon dioxide falls off and finally produces allyl alcohol.
- formic acid acts as a catalyst rather than directly participating in the reaction.
- reaction # 2 is dominant as shown in FIG. 2, and as a result, the production of by-product allyl formate is increased. .
- Glycerol and formic acid react to produce glyceryl formate, which is a one-step reaction product, and then esterification occurs. As shown in FIG. One more reaction with gives glyceryl diformate, which is a reversible reaction.
- the excess temperature of formic acid is prevented from reacting with the glycerol formate and the temperature increase rate is increased as fast as possible to the temperature where the second stage reaction occurs. It is essential.
- the selectivity of the entire reaction can be increased, which has a favorable effect on the subsequent separation process.
- the method for preparing allyl alcohol of the present invention has the following characteristics in order to significantly increase the content of allyl alcohol and minimize byproduct allyl formate and unreacted formic acid.
- glycerol in the method for preparing allyl alcohol of the present invention, as long as the glycerol can be used for the production of allyl alcohol, a commercially available one can be used without particular limitation, and preferably glycerol having a purity of 60 to 99.5% can be used.
- formic acid can be used without particular limitation as long as it is used in the glycerol reaction.
- the formic acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.4 to 1.2 equivalents based on 1 equivalent of glycerol.
- the formic acid is used in less than 0.4 equivalent ratio, the amount of formic acid that can participate in the reaction is too economical, if used in excess of 1.2 equivalent ratio, the amount of unreacted formic acid increases and the production of allyl formate by side reaction Increasingly, the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product is lowered.
- the reaction of the glycerol and formic acid can be reacted by raising the temperature at a rate of 2.0 °C / min or more to reach a reaction temperature of 220 ⁇ 240 °C from room temperature.
- reaction temperature is lower than 220 °C the reaction does not proceed to the next step in the intermediate glyceryl formate, if higher than 240 °C there is a problem that allyl formate production is increased.
- the rate of increase from room temperature is preferably 2.0 ° C./min or more, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 ° C./min, and most preferably 4.0 to 7.0 ° C./min. desirable.
- the temperature increase rate is less than 2.0 °C / min, as shown in Figure 2 there is a problem that the production of glyceryl diformate is predominant in the one-step reaction to increase the amount of allyl formate in the two-step reaction.
- the total reaction time including the temperature raising time may be 7 hours or less.
- the allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product sample may be used. The content of is drastically reduced.
- the separation of the liquid reaction product in step b) may use a gas separator as shown in the conceptual design for the production of allyl alcohol of FIG.
- the inert gas may be any one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon and helium
- the gaseous reaction product may be one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, water vapor, allyl formate, allyl alcohol, and unreacted formic acid.
- the liquid reaction product may include one or more selected from the group consisting of allyl alcohol, allyl formate, unreacted formic acid and water.
- the content of allyl alcohol in step b) is 40% by weight or more, more preferably 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the liquid reaction product. Formic acid can be minimized, making it possible to produce allyl alcohol on a commercial scale.
- a separator consisting of a gas separator and a 1-neck round bottom flask was connected to a 3-neck round bottom flask.
- Thermocouple 1 was installed on the first neck of the 3-neck round bottom flask to measure the temperature inside the reactor.
- 202.6 g of glycerol and 0.6 equivalent of formic acid were added at a molar ratio.
- the temperature of the reactant was raised to 230 ° C. at a rate of 4.2 ° C./min using a sand bath under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a separator consisting of a gas separator and a 1-neck round bottom flask was connected to a 3-neck round bottom flask.
- Thermocouple 1 was installed on the first neck of the 3-neck round bottom flask to measure the temperature inside the reactor.
- 27.6 g of glycerol and 1 equivalent of formic acid were added at a molar ratio, and the temperature of the reactant was increased to 230 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min using a sand bath under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 2 The experiment was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the temperature increase rate was 1.3 ° C / min. After 2.8 hours after the reaction temperature was reached, the reaction was terminated, the reactor was cooled, and the liquid reaction product sample collected in the flask was subjected to quantitative analysis using gas chromatography. In addition, quantitative analysis of the unreacted glycerol remaining in the reactor was performed using gas chromatography. At this time, it was confirmed that the weight percentage of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product sample was lowered to 38.
- Example 2 The experiment was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the temperature increase rate was 1.3 ° C / min.
- the reaction was terminated after reaching the reaction temperature 8 hours, the reactor was cooled, and the liquid reaction product sample collected in the flask was subjected to quantitative analysis using gas chromatography.
- quantitative analysis of the unreacted glycerol remaining in the reactor was performed using gas chromatography. At this time, it was confirmed that the weight ratio of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product sample was lowered to 37.3.
- the content of allyl alcohol is 40% by weight or more based on the total weight of the liquid reaction product, It can be seen that the content of allyl alcohol is higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 2. Therefore, when the allyl alcohol was prepared by the production method of Examples 1 to 2 of the present invention, it was confirmed that the content of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction product was high and minimizes the by-product allyl formate and unreacted formic acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
FA 당량 | 반응 온도(℃) | 승온 속도(℃/min) | 전체반응시간(승온시간 포함,hr) | AA 중량% | |
실시예 1 | 0.6 | 230 | 4.2 | 5 | 50.9 |
실시예 2 | 1 | 230 | 5 | 3 | 48.5 |
비교예 1 | 0.6 | 230 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 38.0 |
비교예 2 | 0.6 | 230 | 1.3 | 10.5 | 37.3 |
Claims (8)
- a) 글리세롤에 포름산을 글리세롤 1 당량을 기준으로 0.4 내지 1.2 당량비로 투입한 후 불활성 가스 분위기 하에서 상온으로부터 220 ~ 240℃의 반응 온도에 도달하도록 2.0 ℃/min 이상의 속도로 승온하여 반응시키는 단계; 및b) 상기 a)단계에서 발생한 기상 반응생성물로부터 응축 과정을 거쳐 알릴알콜을 포함하는 액상 반응생성물을 분리하는 단계를 포함하는 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 a)의 승온 속도는 2.0 ~ 7.0 ℃/min인 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 a)의 승온 속도는 4.0 ~ 7.0 ℃/min인 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 불활성 가스는 질소, 아르곤 및 헬륨으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 기상 반응생성물은 이산화탄소, 수증기, 알릴 포메이트, 알릴알콜 및 미반응 포름산으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액상 반응생성물은 알릴알콜, 알릴 포메이트, 미반응 포름산 및 물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 알릴알콜의 함량은 상기 액상 반응생성물 총 중량에 대하여 40 중량% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 알릴알콜의 함량은 상기 액상 반응생성물 총 중량에 대하여 45 중량% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 알릴알콜의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/431,648 US9120718B1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-27 | Method for preparing allyl alcohol |
EP14818750.3A EP3015447B1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-27 | Method for preparing allyl alcohol |
CN201480002870.0A CN104755451A (zh) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-27 | 制备烯丙醇的方法 |
JP2015524210A JP6001780B2 (ja) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-27 | アリルアルコールの製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2013-0074507 | 2013-06-27 | ||
KR20130074507 | 2013-06-27 | ||
KR10-2014-0061369 | 2014-05-22 | ||
KR20140061369 | 2014-05-22 | ||
KR10-2014-0079572 | 2014-06-27 | ||
KR1020140079572A KR101641140B1 (ko) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-06-27 | 알릴알콜의 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014209063A1 true WO2014209063A1 (ko) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=55586472
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2014/005754 WO2014209063A1 (ko) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-27 | 알릴알콜의 제조방법 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9120718B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP3015447B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP6001780B2 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN104755451A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2014209063A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3369720A1 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-05 | Université De Liège, Patent Department | Process for the production of allyl compounds by deoxydehydration of glycerol |
CN107501047A (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-22 | 太原理工大学 | 一种制备高纯度丙烯醇的方法 |
US10633316B2 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-04-28 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Methods for converting glycerol to allyl compounds |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008092115A1 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Conversion of glycerol from biodiesel production to allyl alcohol |
WO2011108509A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 低品位グリセリンからのアリルアルコールとプロピレンの製造方法、及びそのための触媒 |
JP2012232903A (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-29 | Kuraray Co Ltd | アリルアルコール化合物の製造方法 |
KR20130043606A (ko) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-04-30 | 라이온델 케미칼 테크놀로지, 엘.피. | 알릴 알코올의 제조 방법 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4072727A (en) | 1976-08-13 | 1978-02-07 | Celanese Corporation | Silver-cadmium-zinc alloy catalyst for hydrogenation of acrolein to allyl alcohol |
US5892066A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-04-06 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Propylene oxide and derivatives process |
FR2882053B1 (fr) | 2005-02-15 | 2007-03-23 | Arkema Sa | Procede de deshydratation du glycerol en acrolene |
FR2882052B1 (fr) | 2005-02-15 | 2007-03-23 | Arkema Sa | Procede de deshydratation du glycerol en acroleine |
US7259280B1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-08-21 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for producing alkenyl alcohols |
US7683220B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2010-03-23 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Process for production of acrolein |
US7718829B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2010-05-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Production method of acrolein |
DE102006050492A1 (de) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylenoxid |
US7951978B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2011-05-31 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Process for producing acrolein and glycerin-containing composition |
-
2014
- 2014-06-27 US US14/431,648 patent/US9120718B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-27 WO PCT/KR2014/005754 patent/WO2014209063A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2014-06-27 EP EP14818750.3A patent/EP3015447B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-27 CN CN201480002870.0A patent/CN104755451A/zh active Pending
- 2014-06-27 CN CN201611169496.0A patent/CN106977370A/zh active Pending
- 2014-06-27 JP JP2015524210A patent/JP6001780B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008092115A1 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Conversion of glycerol from biodiesel production to allyl alcohol |
US8273926B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2012-09-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method of converting a polyol to an olefin |
KR20130043606A (ko) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-04-30 | 라이온델 케미칼 테크놀로지, 엘.피. | 알릴 알코올의 제조 방법 |
WO2011108509A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 低品位グリセリンからのアリルアルコールとプロピレンの製造方法、及びそのための触媒 |
JP2012232903A (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-29 | Kuraray Co Ltd | アリルアルコール化合物の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3015447A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2015526425A (ja) | 2015-09-10 |
JP6001780B2 (ja) | 2016-10-05 |
US20150246861A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
CN106977370A (zh) | 2017-07-25 |
EP3015447A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
EP3015447A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
CN104755451A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
EP3015447B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
US9120718B1 (en) | 2015-09-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2014209065A1 (ko) | 글리세롤로부터 아크릴산을 제조하는 방법 | |
EP2640714B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of 2-oxo-[1,3]dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid esters | |
WO2014209063A1 (ko) | 알릴알콜의 제조방법 | |
WO2016186278A1 (ko) | 2,5-푸란디카르복실산의 제조 방법 | |
WO2014209068A1 (ko) | 알릴 알코올의 제조방법 및 이에 의하여 제조된 알릴 알코올 | |
EP3647304A1 (en) | Method for preparing 2-fluoroacrylate | |
US9926248B2 (en) | Process for the preparation of 3-heptanol from a mixture containing 2-ehthylhexanal and 3-heptyl formate | |
WO2020085613A1 (ko) | 디메틸올부탄알의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 트리메틸올프로판의 제조방법 | |
JPS622568B2 (ko) | ||
JP2554965B2 (ja) | ジアルキル炭酸エステルの精製処理方法 | |
CN110452198B (zh) | 一种非罗考昔的制备方法 | |
KR101489513B1 (ko) | 저급 부탄올 혼합물로부터 고 순도의 초산 부틸을 제조하는방법 | |
KR20190054646A (ko) | 2,2,4,4-테트라메틸-1,3-사이클로부탄디올의 제조 방법 | |
CN116239496A (zh) | 一种连续化制备七氟异丁腈的方法 | |
CN114516819B (zh) | 一种n,n’-二乙酰基肼的制备方法 | |
US20120123136A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of 2-oxo-[1,3] dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid esters | |
KR101641140B1 (ko) | 알릴알콜의 제조방법 | |
CN113480404A (zh) | 一种环丙基溴合成的新方法 | |
US4891436A (en) | Process for preparing bis-methylene spiroorthocarbonate | |
CN115340455B (zh) | 一种含氟烷基酮酸烷基酯的制备方法 | |
CN110590555A (zh) | 双(2-羟基乙基)对苯二甲酸酯的制法 | |
CN112745282B (zh) | 3-氯甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷的制备方法 | |
JP2018135285A (ja) | 2−メチル−2−ヒドロキシ−1−プロピル(メタ)アクリレートおよび/または3−メチル−3−ヒドロキシ−1−ブチル(メタ)アクリレートの製造方法ならびに組成物 | |
JP4470348B2 (ja) | 第3級カルボン酸エステルの製造方法 | |
WO2023003058A1 (ko) | 프탈로니트릴계 화합물의 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015524210 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14818750 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14431648 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014818750 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |