CN116144811A - 用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组、方法和试剂盒 - Google Patents

用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组、方法和试剂盒 Download PDF

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CN116144811A
CN116144811A CN202211648059.2A CN202211648059A CN116144811A CN 116144811 A CN116144811 A CN 116144811A CN 202211648059 A CN202211648059 A CN 202211648059A CN 116144811 A CN116144811 A CN 116144811A
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cerebrospinal fluid
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primer set
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CN116144811B (zh
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邵阳
刘佳
赵忞超
那成龙
刘思思
崔月利
郭垚
吴卫卫
蒋文
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Nanjing Difei Medical Laboratory Co ltd
Difei Medical Technology Nanjing Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的多重引物组、方法、试剂盒及其应用,属于微生物检测技术领域。该发明特异性检测脑脊液样本中40种重要的病原,包括13种细菌、6种真菌、15种寄生虫和6种DNA病毒,精准覆盖中枢神经系统感染的常见病原,提高了脑脊液样本中病原微生物检测的灵敏度和特异性,实现病原体更为精准的广谱检测。

Description

用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组、方法和试剂盒
技术领域
本发明涉及基因检测技术领域,特别是涉及一种用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的多重引物组、方法、试剂盒及其应用。
背景技术
中枢神经系统(CNS)感染表现为中枢神经系统或周围神经系统共同或分别遭到不同生物性病原体的入侵,从而引发的一系列神经组织损伤与临床症状,包括脑膜炎、脑炎和精髓炎等疾病。除了死亡率高,中枢神经系统感染会导致永久性残疾,严重影响患者的生活质量和生命安全。包括细菌、病毒,真菌和寄生虫在内的多种微生物,都会引起脑膜炎和脑炎,且许多感染的临床表现都是非特异性的。而传统诊断方法,如血清和脑脊液的培养及涂片染色等检测的阳性率仅有10%左右,无法满足临床需求。而早期快速准确的诊断病原体对于中枢神经系统感染的及时治疗、降低病死率和致残率十分重要。因此,亟需一种新的技术以提高中枢神经系统感染的诊断。
近几年来,基于宏基因组技术的病原检测正在加速临床应用与转化,将感染性疾病的诊断带入了“测序”时代。宏基因组学下一代测序(mNGS)技术的出现,为人体活检样本和体液(血液、脑脊液、尿液等)中病原微生物的研究提供了重要的数据信息。mNGS可以同时对数十亿个DNA片段进行独立测序,能够通过一次测定即可识别鉴定出潜在原因的全面微生物,包括病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫。与临床上传统培养方法相比,mNGS具有更高的敏感性,且大大缩短了样本的检测时间。虽然mNGS在临床样本的病原检测具有众多的优势,但其技术仍面临着一些挑战:1)临床样本中的人源核酸背景高,会干扰病原微生物的检出;2)对于胞内菌与真菌等微生物,其检测的灵敏性较低;3)检测成本较高。
病原靶向测序通过超多重引物扩增(mPCR)与高通量测序两种技术的结合,在降低实验成本的基础上,能够对临床待测样本中几十种至几百种已知病原微生物进行检测且不受人源背景的干扰,可提高产品的时效性和灵敏度,是解决目前临床病原体诊断领域诸多问题的一种非常有效的补充手段。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的多重引物组与方法,能够精准覆盖40种可导致中枢神经系统感染的常见病原,靶向扩增目标序列,放大病原体的信号,具有较高的灵敏度与特异性,可实现病原体更为精准的广谱检测。
用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组,包括用于特异性扩增以下病原微生物基因组编码区序列:铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、结核分枝杆菌复合群、黄曲霉、新型隐球菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌、格特隐球菌、烟曲霉、克氏锥虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、卡氏棘阿米巴、溶组织阿米巴、福氏耐格里属阿米巴、小隐孢子虫、刚地弓形虫、恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫、三日疟原虫、猪肉绦虫、马来丝虫、班氏丝虫、广州管圆线虫、卫氏并殖吸虫、人疱疹病毒1、人疱疹病毒2、人疱疹病毒3、人巨细胞病毒、人疱疹病毒6型、EB病毒。
多重引物组如SEQ ID NO:1-272所示序列工,或者具有相同功能的序列。
所述的具有相同功能的序列是指具有90%以上的碱基序列相同。
检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,包括如下步骤:
获得脑脊液样本,并采用上述的多重引物组进行多重PCR反应;
反应产物经过末端修复、加A、加接头处理后,获得检测文库,并进行NGS测序。
所述的多重PCR反应中的反应体系包括:DNA模板9μL,包含多重引物组的工作液6μL,
Figure BDA0004010615150000011
Figure BDA0004010615150000012
HG Multiplex PCR Master Mix 15μL,总体积30μL。
有益效果
本发明的用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,通过设计特定病原微生物基因片段的特异性引物,靶向扩增物种的目标序列,能够实现病原体的信号放大,有效降低背景核酸对于后续NGS检测结果的影响。该方法可操作性高,能够在同一个反应体系中一次性检测覆盖中枢神经系统感染的40种常见病原,提高mNGS对于脑脊液中病原微生物的灵敏度和特异性,具有良好的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为多重引物文库的质控图。
图2为测序数据的质控图。
具体实施方式
为了便于更好地理解本发明,下面将结合相关附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了对本发明作进一步解释,不对其内容进行限定。
本发明提供的一种用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的试剂盒,其中包括有用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的多重引物组,所述的引物组包括:
多重引物组特异性扩增以下病原微生物基因组编码区序列:铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、结核分枝杆菌复合群、黄曲霉、新型隐球菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌、格特隐球菌、烟曲霉、克氏锥虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、卡氏棘阿米巴、溶组织阿米巴、福氏耐格里属阿米巴、小隐孢子虫、刚地弓形虫、恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫、三日疟原虫、猪肉绦虫、马来丝虫、班氏丝虫、广州管圆线虫、卫氏并殖吸虫、人疱疹病毒1、人疱疹病毒2、人疱疹病毒3、人巨细胞病毒、人疱疹病毒6型、EB病毒。
多重引物组包括引物组1和引物组2。引物组1如SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:96所示序列,引物组2如SEQ ID NO:97至SEQ ID NO:272所示序列。
检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,包括如下步骤:
获得样本,并采用上述的多重引物组进行多重PCR反应;
反应产物经过末端修复、加A、加接头处理后,获得检测文库,并进行NGS测序。
所述的多重PCR反应中的反应体系包括:
所述的方法中,还包括多重扩增反应的步骤。DNA模板9μL,包含多重引物组的工作液6μL,
Figure BDA0004010615150000023
Figure BDA0004010615150000024
HG Multiplex PCR Master Mix 15μL,总体积30μL。
多重扩增试剂包括:15μL
Figure BDA0004010615150000022
HG Multiplex PCR Master Mix、3μL引物组1、3μL引物组2、9μLDNA模板,整个反应体系总体积为30μL。
多重引物组扩增的反应程序为95℃预变性3min;95℃变性20s;60℃退火2min;扩增40个循环;72℃延伸5min。
本发明中所用实验材料、试剂仪器如下:
实验材料:临床感染患者脑脊液样本。
实验试剂:
Figure BDA0004010615150000026
HG Multiplex PCR Master Mix、多重PCR病原特异性引物、VAHTS DNA Clean Beads、
Figure BDA0004010615150000025
Universal DNA Library Prep Kit for MGI、无水乙醇、Pico488dsDNA quantification reagent。
实验仪器:涡旋混匀仪(IKA;MS2S9);Biorad C1000Touch PCR仪(Bio-Rad;C1000Touch);Qubit4.0荧光定量仪(Thermo Fisher)。
实施例1
一种用于检测脑脊液病原微生物的试剂盒,用于靶向扩增病原微生物的目标序列,通过以下方法设计得到。
多重引物组的设计与合成
根据申请人既往中枢神经系统感染临床样本的检出,并结合感染疾病相关指南、专家共识、市场上检测产品,最终确定40种病原微生物,包括13种细菌、6种真菌、15种寄生虫和6种DNA病毒。下载物种的全部基因组序列,筛选出其共有序列,在基因组序列上滑动窗口,按照参数引物设计模板窗口长度100-500bp、窗口滑动长度10-50bp,生成物种的备选引物设计模板序列;并将其与其它物种的基因组序列进行比对,以评估引物设计模板序列的特异性。
本发明提供了所包含的最高效特意的多重引物组所涉及的病原微生物及其对应的多重引物序列如下所示:
Figure BDA0004010615150000021
Figure BDA0004010615150000031
Figure BDA0004010615150000041
Figure BDA0004010615150000051
Figure BDA0004010615150000061
Figure BDA0004010615150000071
Figure BDA0004010615150000081
实施例2
一种脑脊液病原微生物检测方法,采用实施例1所述的引物组,包括以下步骤:
1、多重PCR
1.1将引物组1、引物组2工作液、多重扩增试剂盒分别放置冰上解冻,溶解后的引物涡旋混匀待用。
1.2取的0.2mL PCR管中,按照表1配制多重PCR反应Mix。
表2多重PCR反应体系
Figure BDA0004010615150000091
1.3在涡旋震荡仪上简单混匀后离心,放入PCR仪中进行反应。反应程序如下:
表3多重PCR反应程序
Figure BDA0004010615150000092
2、磁珠纯化
2.1向多重PCR反应产物内加入21μL已平衡混匀好的纯化磁珠,室温孵3min。
2.2将0.2mL PCR管置于磁力架上2min,待上清澄清后小心移除上清。
2.3保持0.2mL PCR管置于磁力架上并向其中加入200μL 80%乙醇,室温孵育30s,去除上清。
2.4重复2.3步骤,简短离心后置于磁力架上,使用移液器去除所有残留的乙醇。室温晾干约2min。
2.5向0.2mL PCR管中加入32μL无酶水,移液器吹吸混匀,室温静置孵育3min。
2.6将0.2mL PCR管置于磁力架上1min,溶液澄清后转移30μL上清至新的已标记的1.5mL低吸附管中。
2.7从1.5mL管内取1μL,进行Qubit定量。
3、末端修复、加A
3.1将End Prep Mix 4放置冰上解冻,颠倒混匀后简短离心,取7.5μL加入到0.2mLPCR管中。
3.2向含有7.5μL End Prep Mix 4的PCR管中加入25μL mPCR产物。
3.3用移液器吹吸混匀并简短离心,放入PCR仪中进行反应。反应程序如下:
表4末端修复、加A PCR反应程序
Figure BDA0004010615150000093
4、接头连接
4.1取出接头连接的试剂,按下表配制连接反应Mix:
表5接头连接反应体系
Figure BDA0004010615150000094
Figure BDA0004010615150000101
4.2在含有DNA末端修复产物的PCR管内加入20μL连接反应Mix,混匀简短离心后,置于PCR仪上进行连接反应,反应程序如下:
表6接头连接反应程序
Figure BDA0004010615150000102
5、磁珠纯化
5.1在含有连接产物的PCR管中,加入30μL已平衡混匀好的纯化磁珠,充分混匀,室温孵育3min。
5.2将PCR管置于磁力架上2min,上清澄清后小心去除上清。
5.3保持PCR管位于磁力架上,并向其中加入200μL 80%乙醇,室温孵育30s,小心去除上清。
5.4重复5.3步骤,简短离心后置于磁力架上,使用移液器去除所有残留的80%乙醇。室温晾干约2min。
5.5向PCR管中加13μL无酶水,移液器吹吸混匀,室温静置孵育3min。
5.6将PCR管置于磁力架上磁吸1min,溶液澄清后转移10μL上清至新的已标记的0.2mL PCR管中。
6、PCR扩增
6.1向含有10μL纯化后产物的0.2mL PCR管中加入PCR扩增试剂,反应体系如下表:
表7PCR扩增反应体系
成分 体积(μL)
接头连接纯化后产物 10
VAHTS HiFi Amplification Mix 12.5
Primer X(10μM) 2.5
总体积 25
6.2用移液器吹吸混匀简短离心后,按如下程序进行PCR反应。
表8PCR扩增反应程序
Figure BDA0004010615150000103
7、磁珠纯化
7.1在含有扩增产物的PCR管中,加入17.5μL纯化磁珠,充分混匀,室温孵育3min。
7.2将PCR管置于磁力架上2min,上清澄清后小心去除上清。
7.3保持PCR位于磁力架上,并向其中加入200μL 80%乙醇,室温孵育30s,小心去除上清。
7.4重复7.3步骤,简短离心后置于磁力架上,使用移液器去除所有残留的80%乙醇。室温晾干约2min。
7.5向PCR管中加24μL无酶水,移液器吹吸混匀,室温静置孵育3min。
7.6将PCR管置于磁力架上磁吸1min,溶液澄清后转移20μL终文库到已标记好的1.5mL灭菌离心管内。并从中取1μL进行Qubit定量。
8、高通量测序及生信分析
按照Illumina测序试剂盒的操作说明将构建好的文库在Illumina NextSeq550Dx(Illumina)仪器上进行单端75bp测序。使用生信分析流程对下机的数据进行分析,得到病原微生物的检测结果。
实施例3
分别配制8种检测靶标病原的菌液(铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、格特隐球菌),利用PBS缓冲液对上述菌液进行梯度稀释,每种病原取7个浓度梯度的菌液(2×107CFU/mL,2×106CFU/mL,2×105CFU/mL,2×104CFU/mL,2×103CFU/mL,2×102CFU/mL,20CFU/mL)进行后续实验。分别对上述菌液进行核酸提取、建库以及mNGS测序,所有病原微生物在2×102CFU/mL浓度均可检出,证明本专利的方法具有较高的灵敏性。
实施例4
混合阳性的脑脊液样本常规mNGS检测和本发明多重扩增法检测对比实验
分别取5例混合阳性的脑脊液样本,具体样本与病原信息如下:
表9样本病原信息与浓度
Figure BDA0004010615150000111
1、核酸提取
分别取1ml脑脊液样本与NTC样本,采用商品化的DNA提取试剂盒进行核酸提取,具体操作步骤可见试剂盒说明书。
2、文库构建
参照实施例2中的方式对提取好的DNA进行文库构建,文库质控结果见图1。
3、高通量测序与生信分析
对构建好的文库进行NGS平台上机测序,并对下机数据进行生信分析,下机数据质控见图2。并得到以下结果。
表10混合阳性脑脊液样本中病原微生物检测结果
Figure BDA0004010615150000112
Figure BDA0004010615150000121
注:“/”表示未检出。
从上表中可以看出,在对混合阳性的脑脊液样本的检测中,与常规的mNGS检测结果相比,多重引物测序的检测灵敏度更高。
实施例5
脑脊液临床样本中病原微生物检测
随机选取临床怀疑中枢神经系统感染患者的脑脊液样本,按照与实施例2、3相同的实验流程进行核酸提取、文库构建、上机测序及生信分析。统计常规mNGS、多重引物测序的检出序列数,以及富集比例。具体结果见表11。
表11脑脊液临床样本中病原微生物检测结果
Figure BDA0004010615150000122
从上表中可以看出,对于脑脊液临床样本的检测,本发明具有较好的富集效果,能够显著提高了脑脊液样本的检测灵敏度。
以上所述实施例仅为本发明的几种优选实施方式,并不能因此理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (8)

1.用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组,其特征在于,包括用于特异性扩增以下病原微生物基因组编码区序列:铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、结核分枝杆菌复合群、黄曲霉、新型隐球菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌、格特隐球菌、烟曲霉、克氏锥虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、卡氏棘阿米巴、溶组织阿米巴、福氏耐格里属阿米巴、小隐孢子虫、刚地弓形虫、恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫、三日疟原虫、猪肉绦虫、马来丝虫、班氏丝虫、广州管圆线虫、卫氏并殖吸虫、人疱疹病毒1、人疱疹病毒2、人疱疹病毒3、人巨细胞病毒、人疱疹病毒6型、EB病毒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组,其特征在于,多重引物组如SEQ ID NO:1-272所示序列工,或者具有相同功能的序列。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于检测脑脊液病原的多重引物组,其特征在于,所述的具有相同功能的序列是指具有90%以上的碱基序列相同。
4.检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:获得脑脊液样本,并采用上述的多重引物组进行多重PCR反应;反应产物经过末端修复、加A、加接头处理后,获得检测文库,并进行NGS测序。
5.根据权利要求4所述的检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的多重PCR反应中的反应体系包括:DNA模板9μL,包含多重引物组的工作液6μL,2×
Figure FDA0004010615140000011
HGMultiplex PCR Master Mix 15μL,总体积30μL。
6.根据权利要求4所述的检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,其特征在于,多重引物组扩增的反应程序为95℃预变性3min;95℃变性20s;60℃退火2min;扩增40个循环;72℃延伸5min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的检测脑脊液病原微生物的方法,其特征在于,末端修复和加A步骤中,反应程序是:4℃下1min,20℃下15min,65℃下15min。
8.一种试剂盒,其特征在于,其中包含有权利要求1-3任一项所述的多重引物组。
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