CN115812509A - Multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method - Google Patents
Multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method. The method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, planting, pruning and shaping, fertilization management, water management and pest control. According to the invention, according to the growth characteristics of low growth speed and yin tolerance of the low purple sweater, the male plant elaeagnus angustifolia with high growth speed is selected and mixed with the low purple sweater for planting, so that the ornamental value is improved, the soil environment can be effectively improved, the photosynthetic rate is increased, the growth of two plants is promoted, the multifunction of composite planting of the plants is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the large-scale cultivation of the low purple sweater and the artificial elaeagnus angustifolia forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to an ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants.
Background
The dwarf yew is a variety with high ornamental value cultivated from taxus cuspidata (taxus chinensis), belongs to evergreen shrubs and has shorter plants. The low purple sweater is a negative plant, is very cold-resistant, has very strong negative resistance, is resistant to pruning and is afraid of waterlogging; in moist soil which is rich in organic matter; good growth occurs where the air humidity is high. The taxus cuspidata plant contains paclitaxel, has good anticancer activity and unique functions of inhibiting microtubule depolymerization and stabilizing microtubules, and has high medicinal value. At present, the resource reserves are still far from sufficient in view of the worldwide demand for paclitaxel extraction raw materials. Therefore, the method for carrying out large-scale cultivation of the artificial low purple sweater forest by adopting a proper method is urgent.
The oleaster tree is deciduous tree and 5-10 m high. The young branches are silvery white. 1-3 flowers are born in the axilla of the lower leaves of the small branches, the outside is silvery white, and the inside is yellow. Fragrant, open before and after 6 months. The fruit is 8-10 months. Produced in northeast, northwest and north China. The oleaster is lucidus, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-wet, saline-alkaline and barren. The root tillering property is strong, can maintain water and soil, resist wind and sand, prevent drought, regulate weather, improve soil, have developed root system, have rhizobia, like loose soil and grow fast, and are commonly used for building protective forests, sand-proof forests, timber forests and landscape forests. The pulp of Elaeagnus angustifolia contains sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins, and can be eaten raw or cooked, or the fruit is pulverized and mixed with flour to replace staple food, or can be used for brewing wine, making vinegar sauce, cake, etc. The fruit and leaf can be used as livestock feed. The flower of Elaeagnus angustifolia can be used as aromatic oil, and used as flavoring material for cosmetic and soap essence; also a honey source plant. The wood is tough and dense, can be used as furniture, farm tools and fuel, and is one of the main sources of fuel in rural areas in desert regions. In addition, the fruits, leaves and roots of the oleaster can be used as medicines, and have high medicinal value.
The composite plant planting mode is a traditional land utilization mode, and different plants are combined and arranged according to different suitable environments of different plants and according to spatial positions, such as negative and positive, growth speed and other characteristics to form a mutually-promoted stable-yield high-efficiency artificial composite ecosystem. The composite plant planting is developed, so that the ornamental value of the plants can be effectively improved, the good growth of each plant can be effectively promoted, the fruit yield is improved, the land potential can be excavated, the sustainable development of the soil is promoted, and the method has important practical significance for realizing the multi-functionalization and the intensive land management of the composite plants. However, no report is found about the ecological planting method of the multifunctional composite landscape plant of the low purple sweater-russianolive tree at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method taking the dwarf purple sweater-Chinese narrow-leaved crabapple tree as a planting nursery stock.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting river banks or garden areas which are gentle in terrain, excellent in drainage, 75-85% in air humidity, fertile and loose in soil and rich in organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deeply turning the selected land, applying base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: 4, 5-15 days after 4 months, planting the seedlings of the low purple sweater and the cuttage seedlings of the oleaster tree at four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions;
(4) Trimming and shaping: pruning the short purple sweater once from 8 months to 9 months every year from the current year; from the next year, pruning the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter every year;
(5) Fertilization management: respectively fertilizing the low purple sweaters once in spring and autumn every year from the next year, and respectively fertilizing the russianolive trees once in summer and autumn every year;
(6) Water content management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) And (3) pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the dwarf purple sweater, and spraying diluent of phosmet emulsion on the russianolive tree.
Preferably, the depth of deep ploughing in the step (2) is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer in the step (2) is 4500-5500 kg/hectare, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand.
Preferably, in the step (3), the seedlings of the short purple swabs are 3 years old, the cutting seedlings of the narrow oleaster trees are 1 year old, the planting depth of the seedlings of the short purple swabs is 5-10 cm, and the planting depth of the cutting seedlings of the narrow oleaster trees is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, when the plants in the step (3) are planted, the distance between two adjacent low purple sweaters is 1.5-2 m, and the distance between two adjacent russianolive trees is 1.5-2 m.
Preferably, the pruning of the low purple sweater in the step (4) comprises the step of cutting off the spindly branches and the dense branches of the low purple sweater, keeping the tree shape density and the tree shape density in proportion, and keeping the gaps of 20-30 cm among the branches.
Preferably, the pruning of the oleaster trees in the step (4) in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, wherein the thinning is to cut off the dense branches, the crossed branches and the overgrown branches of the oleaster trees, and the pruning of the oleaster trees in winter comprises cutting off the overgrown branches and removing the top-up branches and the strong buds of the drooping branches.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweater in spring and autumn in the step (5) independently comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied by each plant is 150-200 g.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied to the russianolive trees in summer in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied in summer is 3-5 kg per plant, and the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in autumn comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 to 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 10 to 15kg of fertilizer applied in autumn per plant.
Preferably, the carbendazim solution in the step (7) is 1000-1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution, the content of the active ingredients of the phosmet emulsion is 20-25 wt%, and the dilution multiple of the diluent of the phosmet emulsion is 800-1000 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the short purple sweater is evergreen shrub, evergreen in all seasons, seriously solemned, but lack of variation; the Elaeagnus angustifolia is deciduous arbor, is colorful, and is easy and active, but leaves fall off slowly in winter. According to the invention, the mutual arrangement of the low purple sweater and the Chinese juniper can effectively make up the respective defects to play advantages, and the overall ornamental value is improved. The low purple sweater is lower than the russianolive tree, so that on one hand, bright color tones can be highlighted, and on the other hand, the russian tree can weaken the damage of strong light to the low purple sweater. The cross planting method can form a staggered contour line of the whole jungle.
2. The oleaster tree has developed lateral roots and large root width, a plurality of root nodules can grow in loose soil, and the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia can improve soil fertility and improve soil. The russianolive tree is also easy to grow adventitious roots and has the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation. According to the invention, according to the growth characteristics of low growth speed and yin tolerance of the low purple sweater, the male plant elaeagnus angustifolia with high growth speed is selected and mixed with the low purple sweater for planting, so that the ornamental value is improved, the soil environment can be effectively improved, the nutrient content of the soil is increased, the growth of two plants is promoted, the multifunction of composite planting of the plants is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the large-scale cultivation of the low purple sweater and the artificial elaeagnus angustifolia forest.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the ecological planting method of the composite landscape plant.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting river banks or garden areas which are gentle in terrain, excellent in drainage, 75-85% in air humidity, fertile and loose in soil and rich in organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deep ploughing the selected land, applying base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: 4, 5-15 days after 4 months, planting the seedlings of the low purple sweater and the cuttage seedlings of the oleaster tree at four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions;
(4) Trimming and shaping: from the current year, pruning the low purple sweater once every 8 months to 9 months; from the next year, pruning the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter every year;
(5) Fertilization management: respectively fertilizing the low purple sweaters once in spring and autumn every year from the next year, and respectively fertilizing the russianolive trees once in summer and autumn every year;
(6) Water content management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) And (3) pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the low purple sweater, and spraying diluent of phosmet emulsion on the russianolive tree.
In the present invention, the river bank or garden area having a gentle topography, an excellent drainage, an air humidity of 75 to 85%, a loose soil fertility and a rich organic matter is selected in step (1), and more preferably, the river bank or garden area having a gentle topography, an excellent drainage, an air humidity of 80%, a loose soil fertility and a rich organic matter is selected.
In the present invention, the depth of the deep-turning in the step (2) is preferably 20 to 25cm, more preferably 22 to 24cm, and still more preferably 23cm.
In the invention, the application amount of the base fertilizer in the step (2) is preferably 4500-5500 kg/ha, more preferably 4800-5200 kg/ha, and even more preferably 5000 kg/ha; the base fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand, and further preferably the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of decomposed pig manure, 30 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of perlite, 25 parts of urea, 25 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium carbonate and 13 parts of fine sand.
In the invention, the seedlings of the low yew and the seedlings of the oleaster trees are planted at the four corners of the cross shape in the step (3) by the cross method for 4 months and 5 days to 15 days, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at the diagonal positions, more preferably 4 months and 10 days, and the seedlings of the low yew and the seedlings of the oleaster trees are planted at the four corners of the cross shape in the cross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at the diagonal positions.
In the invention, the seedlings of the low purple sweater in the step (3) are preferably 3 years old, the cuttage seedlings of the narrow oleaster tree are preferably 1 year old, and the planting depth of the seedlings of the low purple sweater is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-8 cm, and even more preferably 7cm; the planting depth of the oleaster tree cutting seedlings is preferably 8-12 cm, and more preferably 10cm.
In the present invention, when the plants are planted in step (3), the distance between two adjacent low yews is preferably 1.5 to 2m, and more preferably 1.9m; the distance between two adjacent russianolive trees is preferably 1.5-2 m, and more preferably 1.9m.
In the present invention, the trimming of the low yearns in the step (4) preferably comprises cutting off the overgrown branches and the dense branches of the low yearns to keep the tree form density in proportion and to keep the gaps of 20 to 30cm between the branches, and more preferably cutting off the overgrown branches and the dense branches of the low yearns to keep the tree form density in proportion and to keep the gaps of 22cm between the branches.
In the invention, the pruning of the russianolive trees in the step (4) in summer preferably comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning is to preferentially prune dense branches, cross branches and spindly branches of the russian trees, and the pruning of the rusnolive trees in winter preferably comprises pruning spindly branches and removing head raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches.
In the present invention, the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweater in spring and autumn in step (5) independently preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, and further preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 35 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 parts of potassium humate; the amount of fertilizer per application per plant is preferably 150 to 200g, more preferably 180g.
In the present invention, the fertilizer applied to the russianolive tree in summer in step (5) preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and further preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 13 parts of potassium nitrate; the amount of the fertilizer applied in summer is preferably 3 to 5kg per plant, and more preferably 4kg per plant; the fertilizer applied to the russianolive trees in autumn preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and further preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 13 parts of potassium nitrate; the amount of fertilizer to be applied in autumn is preferably 10 to 15kg per plant, and more preferably 13kg per plant.
In the present invention, in the step (6), the soil is watered every 15 to 20 days every year in spring and autumn and every 9 to 11 days in summer from the current year, and the water content of the soil is maintained at 60 to 70%, and more preferably, the soil is watered every 18 days every year in spring and autumn and every 10 days in summer from the current year, and the water content of the soil is maintained at 65%.
In the invention, the carbendazim solution in the step (7) is preferably 1000-1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution, and is more preferably 1300 times of carbendazim aqueous solution; the content of the active ingredients of the phosmet emulsion is preferably 20-25 wt%, and more preferably 23wt%; the dilution ratio of the dilute solution of the phosmet emulsion is preferably 800 to 1000, more preferably 850 to 950, and still more preferably 900.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75% of air humidity, fertile and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deeply turning the selected land by 20cm, applying 4500kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 30 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of perlite, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of calcium carbonate and 10 parts of fine sand) per hectare and thoroughly watering;
(3) Planting: 4, 5 days, planting 3-year-old dwarf purple sweater seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster tree cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions, the planting depth of the dwarf purple sweater seedlings is 5cm, the planting depth of the oleaster tree cutting seedlings is 8cm, the distance between two adjacent dwarf purple sweaters is 1.5m during planting, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.5m;
(4) Trimming and shaping: from the current year, performing one-time pruning on the short purple sweaters in No. 8 and No. 15 every year, wherein the pruning content comprises the step of pruning the overgrown branches and the dense branches of the short purple sweaters, keeping the tree shape reasonable in density and keeping gaps of 20cm among the branches; from the next year, pruning the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter respectively, wherein the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning comprises pruning dense branches, cross branches and spindly branches of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees, and the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees in winter comprises pruning the spindly branches and removing head raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) Fertilization management: from the next year, the low purple sweaters are fertilized once in spring and autumn every year, the fertilizer application amount of each plant is 150g, and the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweaters is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15 parts of potassium humate; from the next year, the Elaeagnus angustifolia is fertilized once in summer and autumn every year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 parts of potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied in summer is 3kg per plant, and the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in autumn is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate and 10kg of fertilizer applied in autumn per plant;
(6) Water content management: watering every 15 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60%;
(7) And (3) pest control: spraying 1000 times of carbendazim aqueous solution to the low purple sweaters, and spraying 800 times of diluent of 20wt% phosmet emulsion to the russianolive trees.
Example 2
A multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 80% of air humidity, fertile and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deeply turning 23cm of the selected land, applying 5000kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 35 parts of decomposed pig manure, 30 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of perlite, 25 parts of urea, 25 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium carbonate and 13 parts of fine sand) per hectare and thoroughly watering;
(3) Planting: 4, planting 3-year-old dwarf purple sweater seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster tree cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method for 10 days in 4 months, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions, the planting depth of the dwarf purple sweater seedlings is 7cm, the planting depth of the oleaster tree cutting seedlings is 10cm, the distance between two adjacent dwarf purple sweaters is 1.9m during planting, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.9m;
(4) Trimming and shaping: from the current year, 30 # 8 months every year, the short purple sweaters are pruned once, the pruning content comprises pruning the spindly branches and the over-dense branches of the short purple sweaters, the tree shape density is kept in proportion, and 25cm gaps are reserved among the branches; from the next year, pruning the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter respectively, wherein the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning comprises pruning dense branches, cross branches and spindly branches of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees, and the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees in winter comprises pruning the spindly branches and removing head raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) Fertilization management: from the next year, the low purple sweaters are fertilized once in spring and autumn every year, the dosage of the fertilizer applied to each plant is 180g, and the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweaters is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 35 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 parts of potassium humate; from the next year, the Elaeagnus angustifolia is fertilized once in summer and autumn every year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 13 parts of potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of the fertilizer applied in summer is 4kg per plant, and the fertilizer applied to the oleaster trees in autumn is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 13 parts of potassium nitrate and 13kg of fertilizer applied in autumn per plant;
(6) Water content management: watering every 18 days in spring and autumn every year and every 10 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 65%;
(7) And (3) pest control: 1300 times of carbendazim aqueous solution is sprayed on the low purple sweater, and 900 times of diluent of 23wt% phosmet emulsion is sprayed on the russianolive tree.
Example 3
A multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 85% of air humidity, fertile and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deeply turning the selected land by 25cm, applying 5500kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 35 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of vermiculite, 35 parts of perlite, 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25 parts of calcium carbonate and 15 parts of fine sand) per hectare and thoroughly watering;
(3) Planting: planting 3-year-old dwarf purple sweater seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster tree cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method for 4 months and 15 days, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions, the planting depth of the dwarf purple sweater seedlings is 10cm, the planting depth of the oleaster tree cutting seedlings is 12cm, the distance between two adjacent dwarf purple sweaters is 2m during planting, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 2m;
(4) Trimming and shaping: from the current year, performing one-time pruning on the short purple sweaters in 9/15 th every year, wherein the pruning content comprises the pruning of the long branches and the dense branches of the short purple sweaters, keeping the tree form reasonable in density and keeping a gap of 30cm between the branches; from the next year, pruning the elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter, wherein the pruning of the elaeagnus angustifolia trees in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning comprises pruning dense branches, cross branches and spindly branches of the elaeagnus angustifolia trees, and the pruning of the elaeagnus angustifolia trees in winter comprises pruning the spindly branches and removing head raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) Fertilization management: from the next year, the low purple sweater is fertilized every year in spring and autumn, the dosage of the fertilizer applied to each plant is 200g, and the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweater is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 20 parts of potassium humate; from the next year, the Elaeagnus angustifolia is fertilized once in summer and autumn every year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 15 parts of potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied in summer is 5kg per plant, and the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in autumn is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 15kg of fertilizer applied in autumn per plant;
(6) Water content management: watering every 20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 70%;
(7) And (3) pest control: spraying 1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution on the low purple sweaters, and spraying 1000 times of diluent of 25wt% phosmet emulsion on the russianolive trees.
Comparative example 1
The 3-year-old dwarf purple sweater seedlings are independently planted, the planting row spacing is 1.9m, the plant spacing is 1.9m, and the steps and the step parameters of the rest land management, the dwarf purple sweater management and the like are consistent with those in the example 2.
Comparative example 2
The cuttage seedlings of the 1-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia trees are planted independently, the planting row spacing is 1.9m, the steps and the step parameters of the rest land management, the elaeagnus angustifolia tree management and the like are consistent with those of the embodiment 2.
Experimental example 1
The test site of the invention is selected in a certain river bank area of Changchun city, jilin province. The area is divided into three parts, which are respectively referred to as a-zone, b-zone and c-zone. Wherein, 25 low yews and 25 russianolive trees are planted in the area a by adopting the planting mode of the embodiment 2 of the invention; in the area b, 25 low purple sweaters are planted by adopting the planting mode of the comparative example 1; and c, planting 25 russianolive trees in the planting mode of the comparative example 2. Wherein the initial average plant height of the low purple sweaters in the region a is 35.4cm, and the initial average plant height of the narrow-leaved oleaster trees is 62.3cm. The initial average plant height of the b-region dwarf purple sweater is 35.8cm. The initial average plant height of the russianolive trees in the c area is 63.1cm. The rest of the management modes are performed according to local habits. Collecting soil samples of each area before the test starts, selecting 5 sampling points at four corners and the middle position of each area, wherein the size of a sample is 5m multiplied by 5m, collecting the soil samples of soil layers with the depth of 0-20 cm, respectively taking 1kg of the soil samples of each sampling point of each area, filling the soil samples into sample bags, measuring the physicochemical properties of each soil sample, and averaging the final results. The test started at month 4, 10, 2020. And No. 4/10 in 2021, collecting soil samples with the depth of 0-20 cm according to the sampling method, and respectively taking 1kg of the soil samples of sampling points in each region and filling the soil samples into sample bags. And measuring the physicochemical properties of the soil samples, averaging the final results, and respectively counting the survival rate and the growth condition of the Japanese yews and the Elaeagnus angustifolia in the areas a, b and c. The statistical results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of different planting patterns on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the composite planting mode of the invention can improve the soil environment more effectively and remarkably increase the contents of organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the survival rate and plant height of low purple sweater
| Treatment of | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (cm) |
| Example 2 | 100 | 127.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 80 | 95.6 |
As can be seen from table 2, the composite planting mode of the present invention is more beneficial to the survival and growth of the low yew compared to the single planting mode of the low yew.
TABLE 3 influence of different treatments on the survival rate and plant height of Elaeagnus angustifolia
| Treatment of | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (cm) |
| Example 2 | 100 | 173.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 92 | 150.6 |
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the single planting mode of the russianolive trees, the composite planting mode of the present invention is more beneficial to the survival and growth of the rusnolive trees.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting land: selecting river banks or garden areas which are gentle in terrain, excellent in drainage, 75-85% in air humidity, fertile and loose in soil and rich in organic matters;
(2) Land preparation: deep ploughing the selected land, applying base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: 4, 5-15 days after 4 months, planting the seedlings of the low purple sweater and the cuttage seedlings of the oleaster tree at four corners of a cross shape according to a cross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned at diagonal positions;
(4) Trimming and shaping: from the current year, pruning the low purple sweater once every 8 months to 9 months; from the next year, pruning the Elaeagnus angustifolia trees once in summer and winter every year;
(5) Fertilization management: respectively fertilizing the low purple sweaters once in spring and autumn every year from the next year, and respectively fertilizing the russianolive trees once in summer and autumn every year;
(6) Water content management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) And (3) pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the low purple sweater, and spraying diluent of phosmet emulsion on the russianolive tree.
2. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing in the step (2) is 20-25 cm.
3. The ecological planting method of multifunctional compound landscape plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer in step (2) is 4500-5500 kg/ha, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand.
4. The ecological planting method for multifunctional composite landscape plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the seedlings of the short purple sweater are 3 years old, the seedlings of the narrow purple Chinese narrow-leaved oleaster tree are 1 year old, the seedlings of the short purple sweater are 5-10 cm deep, and the seedlings of the narrow purple Chinese narrow-leaved oleaster tree are 8-12 cm deep.
5. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the planting in the step (3), the distance between two adjacent low purple sweaters is 1.5-2 m, and the distance between two adjacent russianolive trees is 1.5-2 m.
6. The ecological planting method for multifunctional composite landscape plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning of the low yearns in step (4) comprises cutting off the overgrown branches and the dense branches of the low yearns, keeping the tree form in proper density and keeping the gaps between the branches between 20-30 cm.
7. The ecological planting method for multifunctional compound landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia in summer in step (4) comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, wherein the thinning comprises pruning dense branches, crossing branches and spindly branches of the Elaeagnus angustifolia, and the pruning of the Elaeagnus angustifolia in winter comprises pruning spindly branches and removing head-raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches.
8. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied to the low purple sweaters in spring and autumn in step (5) independently comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied by each plant is 150-200 g.
9. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in summer in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied in summer is 3-5 kg per plant, and the fertilizer applied to the Elaeagnus angustifolia in autumn comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 to 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 10 to 15kg of fertilizer applied in autumn per plant.
10. The ecological planting method for multifunctional compound landscape plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbendazim solution in step (7) is 1000-1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution, the content of active ingredients of the phosmet emulsion is 20-25 wt%, and the dilution multiple of the diluent of the phosmet emulsion is 800-1000 times.
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