CN111903461B - Rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryo material - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryo material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai blanks, and particularly relates to the technical field of gardening cultivation. A method for quickly cultivating the embryo of the potted landscape of yam root of bougainvillea spectabilis includes such steps as choosing the cultivation field, choosing the culture medium, treating the seedlings, putting it in the pot, growing yam root, changing pot and expanding root, and cultivating the embryo of potted landscape. The technical scheme of the invention overcomes the problems of long cultivation time, weak root system and higher production and management cost of the existing bougainvillea spectabilis tree body blank, and can be used for quickly and stably cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai blanks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gardening cultivation, in particular to a rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryos.
Background
Bougainvillea spectabilis is a general name of Mirabilis leaf flower ornamental plants, more than 300 cultivars are available at present, are deeply popular with the public, are commonly applied from household small potted plants to urban and rural landscape greening and beautifying, and are main flower-viewing plants in the south of China. Bougainvillea spectabilis has been enjoyed in China for over 50 years as a bonsai, and branches of bougainvillea spectabilis have the characteristics of easiness in sprouting and strong toughness, so that the bougainvillea spectabilis can be shaped by trimming or coiling and the like, and common shapes include cliff type, pagoda type, basket type, bent rod type, lying rod type, water-dry type, water-approaching type, stone-attaching type and the like.
Because the cultivation time of bougainvillea spectabilis old stakes is more than 10 years, the period is too long, and the market is changed into the development of small bougainvillea spectabilis bonsais suitable for family placement in recent years. With the improvement of diversified varieties and ornamental requirements of bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai products in the market, the cultivation and primary modeling of embryo materials also turn up hot tide, such as cultivating root-lifting embryo materials by utilizing a root controller high-heap cultivation soil for Minguangui and the like, or cultivating seedlings deeply after high-ridge cultivation, and reserving an ornamental root system method for cultivating bare-root bonsai embryo materials. The bare-root bougainvillea spectabilis tree body blank cultivated by the conventional method has the characteristics of long cultivation time, thin and weak root system, no obvious characteristics, general ornamental value and higher production and management cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai blanks, and aims to solve the problems of long cultivation time, weak root system and higher production and management cost of the existing bougainvillea spectabilis tree blanks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryo comprises the following steps
S102, selection of a cultivation site: selecting a planting land with high sand content under full sunlight, and paving a ground fabric;
s104, selection of a culture medium: adopting a mixed matrix of sandy loam, humus and volcanic rock fragments in a weight ratio of 6:2: 2;
s106, seedling treatment: selecting seedlings with the head diameter of 2-4 cm, and cutting off the seedlings at the position 30-40 cm away from the ground; only 4-7 thick roots are reserved, the root length is 5-10 cm, and mixed roots are removed; soaking the seedlings in the sterilized and disinfected rooting solution for 30min, taking out and drying, and planting the seedlings into a pot; the sterilizing, disinfecting and rooting solution consists of 1000mg L-1 of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600mg L-1 of 50% procymidone wettable powder and 400mg L-1 of naphthylacetic acid;
s108, potting cultivation: selecting a plastic pot with the caliber of 20cm and the height of 26cm as a container, filling the culture substrate in S104 into the plastic pot in advance, wherein the height of the culture substrate is 8-12 cm, putting the seedlings treated in S106 into the plastic pot, backfilling the culture substrate in S104, compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water; entering normal cultivation management, and watering after the matrix on the pot surface of the plastic pot is dry and white in daily life;
s110, potato root generation stage: s108, after the cultivation stage of potting enters normal cultivation management for 1 month, spraying and watering the 800-time diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'Hongsu' water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days; after 15 days of first topdressing, adopting compound agent for promoting the growth of potato roots to spray the foliage for 1 time every 15 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times at intervals; the compound medicine for promoting potato root generation consists of 2000mg L-1 of monopotassium phosphate, 30mg L-1 of magnesium sulfate, 200mg L-1 of amino chitosan oligosaccharide, 30mg L-1 of paclobutrazol and 0.5mg L-1 of brassin;
s112, pot changing and root expanding: after 12 months of potting cultivation in the S108 potting stage, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis from the plastic pot by adopting a pot breaking method, shaping according to the design of the bonsai blank after taking out, trimming off upright branches, and reserving primary branches and secondary branches with the length of 4-6 cm, wherein the primary branches and the secondary branches are germinated on the main stem; filling the culture medium in S104 into a plastic pot with the caliber of 26cm and the height of 35cm in advance, wherein the height of the culture medium is 15-20cm, putting the trimmed bonsai blank into the plastic pot, shallowly burying, backfilling the culture medium, compacting, sufficiently watering root-fixing water, performing normal cultivation management, and watering after the matrix on the pot surface is dry and white everyday; then spraying and watering 800 times diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'red square' water-soluble fertilizer for additional fertilization for 1 time at intervals of 30 days; spraying 1 time and 4 times for every 60 days on leaf surfaces by adopting a compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion, wherein the compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion consists of 2000mg L-1 of monopotassium phosphate, 40mg L-1 of magnesium sulfate, 400mg L-1 of amino chitosan oligosaccharide, 50mg L-1 of paclobutrazol and 0.5mg L-1 of brassin;
s114, a bonsai blank cultivation stage: s112, after 12 months of pot changing and root expanding, when the diameter of the bougainvillea spectabilis pile head reaches 7-8 cm, modeling again according to the design of the bonsai blank; and after 10 months of secondary modeling, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis pilar head by using a pot breaking method again, cleaning the potato-shaped roots, and trimming off the upper fine roots of each potato root while only keeping the lowest fine roots.
Further, the seedlings of S106 adopt a bougainvillea spectabilis variety with dense internodes, small leaves, easy flower promotion and easy root expansion.
Further, the seedlings adopt the bougainvillea spectabilis, the bougainvillea spectabilis or the bougainvillea spectabilis.
Through the arrangement, the cultivation of bougainvillea spectabilis and the expansion of the potato root are facilitated, and bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai blanks with stable quality are conveniently cultivated.
Further, the whole height of said bougainvillea spectabilis of S112 is kept below 50cm, while only the swollen potato-like roots are retained, and the redundant root system is removed. Through the arrangement, the expansion and the growth of the bougainvillea spectabilis roots are facilitated, and the ornamental value of the bonsai blank is improved.
Further, the diameter of the volcanic rock fragments is 1-2 cm. Is favorable for loosening and ventilating the inside of the culture medium and creates a physical stimulation environment for the growth of the nutrient root system of the bougainvillea spectabilis.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this scheme:
1. the operation process of the scheme is simple, workers engaged in flower seedling production can independently perform the operation process, and the labor cost is reduced;
2. according to the scheme, the containers with small specifications are used for cultivation, the growing space of the roots of the bougainvillea spectabilis is limited, the common cultivation medium is replaced by a cultivation medium which is relatively barren in nutrients and loose and breathable, physical stress stimulation of growth adversity is created, growth of overground parts is facilitated, generation and expansion of the potato roots are facilitated, the growth effect of the roots of the plant potato roots is promoted to be in a natural abnormal state in the growth process, the aesthetic body, lines, states, textures and the like of the roots of the trees can be highlighted, and the ornamental value is strong;
3. the scheme adopts reasonable nutrients and plant growth regulators to prepare the compound medicament for promoting the generation and expansion of the potato roots, improves the growth speed of the bougainvillea spectabilis potato-shaped roots, promotes the cambium activity of the root system to thicken the root for growth, and simultaneously plays a role in inhibiting the lignification of the root system, thereby generating the potato-shaped roots;
4. the scheme has the characteristics of short time, quick forming and good effect, is convenient for personalized formulation and cultivation according to the requirements of customers, can cultivate bonsai blanks meeting the market requirements in a large scale, and has higher economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a bonsai blank material cultivated in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a bonsai blank of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a bonsai blank of the embodiment 3;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a bonsai blank of the cultivation in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a real image of the bonsai blank cultivated in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
example 1
A rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryo materials comprises the following steps:
s102, selection of a cultivation site: the planting land with high sand content is selected by full sunlight, and the ground cloth is paved, so that the root system of bougainvillea spectabilis is prevented from being pricked into the ground, the growth of weeds can be reduced, and the management workload is reduced.
S104, selection of a culture medium: the soil-humus soil-volcanic rock matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing sandy loam, humus soil and volcanic rock fragments in a weight ratio of 6:2:2, wherein the diameter of the volcanic rock fragments is 1-2 cm.
S106, seedling treatment: the seedlings of the embodiment adopt 120 plants of the bougainvillea spectabilis, the leaves are small, the growth speed is high, and meanwhile, the finished product has dense internodes, small leaves, easy flower promotion and easy root expansion and is suitable for being used as a potted landscape embryonic plant of the potato root; selecting seedlings with the head diameter of 2-4 cm, and cutting off the seedlings at the position 30-40 cm away from the ground; only 4-7 thick roots and 5-10 cm long roots are reserved, and disordered roots are removed; soaking the seedlings in the sterilized and disinfected rooting solution for 30 minutes, taking out and airing, and planting the seedlings into pots; the sterilizing, disinfecting and rooting solution consists of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000mg L-1, 50% procymidone wettable powder 600mg L-1 and naphthylacetic acid 400mg L-1.
S108, potting cultivation: selecting a plastic pot with the caliber of 20cm and the height of 26cm as a container, filling a culture substrate in S104 into the plastic pot in advance, wherein the height of the culture substrate is 10cm, putting the seedlings treated in S106 into the plastic pot, backfilling the culture substrate in S104, compacting, pouring enough root fixing water, and placing the seedlings according to the line spacing of 1.5 meters per plant after potting; and (5) entering normal cultivation management, and watering after the cultivation matrix on the pot surface of the plastic pot is dry and white daily.
S110, potato root generation stage: s108, after the cultivation stage of potting enters normal cultivation management for 1 month, spraying and watering the 800-time diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'Hongsu' water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days; after 15 days of first topdressing, adopting compound agent for promoting the generation of potato roots to spray the leaf surfaces for 1 time every 15 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times in 60 days; the compound medicine for promoting potato root formation consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2000mg L-1, magnesium sulfate 30mg L-1, amino chitosan oligosaccharide 200mg L-1, paclobutrazol 30mg L-1 and brassin 0.5mg L-1.
S112, pot changing and root expanding: after 12 months of potting cultivation in the step S108, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis piles by adopting a pot breaking method (a method for directly destroying a plastic pot), shaping according to the design of a primary bonsai blank after taking out, trimming off upright branches, and reserving primary branches and secondary branches of bougainvillea spectabilis main stems, wherein the lengths of the primary branches and the secondary branches are 4-6 cm; the height of the whole bougainvillea spectabilis is controlled within 50cm, and only the root system which is expanded into a potato shape is reserved, and redundant and disordered root systems are removed.
Filling the culture medium in the S104 into a plastic basin with the caliber of 26cm and the height of 35cm in advance, wherein the height of the culture medium is 20cm, putting the pruned bougainvillea spectabilis branchlet into the plastic basin, shallowly burying and backfilling the culture medium of the S104, then compacting, watering enough root fixing water, entering normal cultivation management, and watering after the culture medium on the basin surface is dry and white everyday; then spraying and watering 800 times diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'red square' water-soluble fertilizer for additional fertilization for 1 time at intervals of 30 days; spraying 1 time and 4 times of compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion to the leaf surface every 60 days, wherein the compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion comprises 2000mg L-1 of monopotassium phosphate, 40mg L-1 of magnesium sulfate, 400mg L-1 of amino chitosan oligosaccharide, 50mg L-1 of paclobutrazol and 0.5mg L-1 of brassin.
S114, a bonsai blank cultivation stage: in the 12 th month after the pot changing and root expanding stage, when the diameter of the pile head of the bougainvillea spectabilis reaches 7-8 cm, the secondary branches of the bougainvillea spectabilis are forcibly cut again according to the primary shape of the bonsai design, 5-7 cm is reserved, or the bougainvillea spectabilis is used for carrying out high-strength twisting and pulling on the bougainvillea spectabilis and changing the growth direction; after 10 months of secondary modeling, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis pile head by using a basin breaking method, washing soil and volcanic rock fragments attached to the potato-shaped roots by using a high-pressure water gun, trimming off fine roots on the upper layer of each potato root, and only keeping the bottommost fine roots; finally obtaining bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai blanks (as shown in figure 1) with a plurality of potato roots with different shapes and specifications and multi-level branches on the main trunk.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in that:
in the present embodiment, 220 plants of tassel species are adopted as the seedlings, in the potting culture stage of S108, the culture medium previously filled in the plastic pots is 8cm high, and in the pot changing and root expanding stage of S112, when the pot changing culture is performed by using the pot breaking method, plastic pots with the caliber of 30cm and the height of 38cm are selected as containers, and the height of the culture medium previously filled in the plastic pots is 15 cm. The bouquet of bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai cultivated in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 only in that:
in the seedling of this example, 160 tamarind bougainvillea spectabilis were used, in the potting step of S108, the culture medium previously filled in the plastic pot was 12cm high, and in the pot-changing and root-expanding step of S112, when the pot-changing cultivation was performed by the pot-breaking method, a plastic pot having a diameter of 30cm and a height of 38cm was selected as a container, and the height of the culture medium previously filled in the plastic pot was 15 cm. The bouquet of bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai cultivated in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from examples 1 to 3 in that:
the comparison example adopts the conventional bonsai embryo and the conventional culture medium and utilizes the conventional cultivation method for cultivation, and in the cultivation process of seedlings, compound medicaments for promoting the expansion of potato roots are not adopted, and the seedlings are directly cultivated in a plastic pot for 3 years and then are outplanted. The bouquet of bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai cultivated in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
in the comparative example, no compound agent for promoting the expansion of potato roots was applied to the pot-changing and root-swelling step of step S112. The bouquet of bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai cultivated in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5.
The experimental results of the following table 1 are obtained by example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2:
table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, in the comparative example 1, the conventional method of cultivating bonsai blanks to induce roots by using soil is adopted, because branches and leaves are reserved in the whole plant in the cultivation process, the plant grows vigorously, the average head diameter of the plant reaches 12.6cm, but the potato bearing rate is only 0.33%, the maximum thickness of the potato root is only 2.5cm, and the average number of the potato roots is only 0.52; comparative example 2 was not treated with the compound agent for promoting root expansion, the potato bearing rate was 77.4%, the maximum root thickness was 4.3cm, and the average number of potato roots was 3.2, while in contrast, the 3 different varieties using this scheme had the lowest potato bearing rate of 78.7%, the highest 92.2%, the maximum root thickness of 12.3cm, and the average number of potato roots of 5.6, the highest 6.4.
The experimental data show that the scheme can promote the generation and the enlargement of the potato root and the natural root system, is suitable for being used as the embryo material of the bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai, and greatly improves the ornamental value of the bougainvillea spectabilis.
The foregoing are merely examples of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and/or features of the schemes has not been described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A rapid cultivation method of bougainvillea spectabilis root bonsai embryo material is characterized in that: comprises the following steps
S102, selection of a cultivation site: selecting a planting land with high sand content under full sunlight, and paving a ground fabric;
s104, selection of a culture medium: adopting a mixed matrix of sandy loam, humus and volcanic rock fragments in a weight ratio of 6:2: 2;
s106, seedling treatment: selecting seedlings with the head diameter of 2-4 cm, and cutting off the seedlings at the position 30-40 cm away from the ground; only 4-7 thick roots are reserved, the root length is 5-10 cm, and mixed roots are removed; soaking the seedlings in the sterilized and disinfected rooting solution for 30min, taking out and drying, and planting the seedlings into a pot; the sterilizing and disinfecting rooting solution is 1000 mg.L of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder-150% procymidone wettable powder 600 mg.L-1Naphthylacetic acid 400 mg.L-1Composition is carried out;
s108, potting cultivation: selecting a plastic pot with the caliber of 20cm and the height of 26cm as a container, filling the culture substrate in S104 into the plastic pot in advance, wherein the height of the culture substrate is 8-12 cm, putting the seedlings treated in S106 into the plastic pot, backfilling the culture substrate in S104, compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water; entering normal cultivation management, and watering after the matrix on the pot surface of the plastic pot is dry and white in daily life;
s110, potato root generation stage: s108, after the cultivation stage of potting enters normal cultivation management for 1 month, spraying and watering the 800-time diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'Hongsu' water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days; after 15 days of first topdressing, adopting compound agent for promoting the growth of potato roots to spray the foliage for 1 time every 15 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times at intervals; the compound medicine for promoting the generation of potato root is 2000 mg.L potassium dihydrogen phosphate-1Magnesium sulfate 30 mg.L-1200 mg.L of amino chitosan oligosaccharide-1Paclobutrazol 30 mg.L-1And brassin 0.5 mg.L-1Composition is carried out;
s112, pot changing and root expanding: after 12 months of potting cultivation in the S108 potting stage, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis from the plastic pot by adopting a pot breaking method, shaping according to the design of the bonsai blank after taking out, trimming off upright branches, and reserving primary branches and secondary branches with the length of 4-6 cm, wherein the primary branches and the secondary branches are germinated on the main stem; filling the culture medium in S104 into a plastic pot with the caliber of 26cm and the height of 35cm in advance, wherein the height of the culture medium is 15-20cm, placing the trimmed bonsai blank into the plastic pot, shallow burying and backfilling the culture mediumCompacting the matrix, pouring enough root fixing water, entering normal cultivation management, and watering after the matrix on the surface of the pot is dry and white in daily life; then spraying and watering 800 times diluted high-phosphorus type 12-45-10 'red square' water-soluble fertilizer for additional fertilization for 1 time at intervals of 30 days; spraying compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion to foliage for 1 time and 4 times every 60 days, wherein the compound preparation for promoting potato root expansion is prepared from 2000 mg.L potassium dihydrogen phosphate-1Magnesium sulfate 40 mg.L-140 mg.L of amino chitosan oligosaccharide-150 mg.L of paclobutrazol-10.5 mg.L brassin-1Composition is carried out;
s114, a bonsai blank cultivation stage: s112, after 12 months of pot changing and root expanding, when the diameter of the bougainvillea spectabilis pile head reaches 7-8 cm, modeling again according to the design of the bonsai blank; and after 10 months of secondary modeling, taking out the bougainvillea spectabilis pilar head by using a pot breaking method again, cleaning the potato-shaped roots, and trimming off the upper fine roots of each potato root while only keeping the lowest fine roots.
2. The method for rapidly cultivating a bonsai embryo of a sweet potato whose root is as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the seedlings of S106 adopt bougainvillea spectabilis varieties with dense internodes of finished products, small leaves, easy flower promotion and easy root expansion.
3. The method for rapidly cultivating a bonsai embryo of a sweet potato whose root is as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the seedlings are made of the bougainvillea spectabilis, the tamarind bougainvillea or the tamarind bougainvillea.
4. The method for rapidly cultivating a bonsai embryo of a sweet potato whose root is as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: s112, the whole height of the bougainvillea spectabilis is kept below 50cm, only the bougainvillea spectabilis are remained to be expanded into potato-shaped roots, and redundant disordered roots are removed.
5. The method for rapidly cultivating a root pot blank of a bougainvillea spectabilis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the diameter of the volcanic rock fragments is 1-2 cm.
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