CN115812509B - Multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method - Google Patents
Multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812509B CN115812509B CN202211684872.5A CN202211684872A CN115812509B CN 115812509 B CN115812509 B CN 115812509B CN 202211684872 A CN202211684872 A CN 202211684872A CN 115812509 B CN115812509 B CN 115812509B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method. The method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, planting, pruning and shaping, fertilization management, moisture management and pest control. According to the characteristics of low growth speed and yin resistance of the short sweater, the sunny Chinese date tree with high growth speed is selected to be planted in a mixed mode, so that the ornamental value is improved, the soil environment is effectively improved, the photosynthetic rate is improved, the growth of two plants is promoted, the multi-functionalization of the composite planting of the plants is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the formulation of large-scale cultivation of the short sweater and the Chinese date artificial forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method.
Background
The short sweater is a variety with high ornamental value cultivated from taxus cuspidata (Taxus cuspidata), belongs to evergreen shrubs, and is short in plant. The jersey is a negative plant, is very cold-resistant, has strong negative resistance, is resistant to pruning and is afraid of waterlogging; the soil is wetted and rich in organic matters; good growth at higher air humidity. The plant of the dwarf yew contains taxol, has good anticancer activity and unique functions of inhibiting microtubule depolymerization and stabilizing microtubules, and has high medicinal value. At present, the resource reserves are still far from the world's demand for paclitaxel extraction raw materials. Therefore, the large-scale cultivation of the short sweater artificial forest is urgent by adopting a proper method.
The oleaster is a deciduous tree, and the height is 5-10 meters. The young branches are silvery white. Flowers 1-3 grow on the axilla at the lower part of the small branch, the outside is silvery white, and the inside is yellow. Aromatic, open around 6 months. Fruits are 8-10 months. Is produced in northeast, north China and northwest. Fructus Elaeagni Angustifoliae is light-loving, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-wet, saline-alkali and barren. The plant root tillering performance is strong, the plant root tillering performance can keep water and soil, resist wind and sand, prevent drought, regulate weather, improve soil, develop root systems, have rhizobia, happy loose soil and grow fast, and are commonly used for building protective forests, sand prevention forests, wood forests and landscape forests. The pulp of the oleaster contains sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins, can be eaten raw or cooked, is mixed with flour to replace staple food, and can also be used for brewing wine, preparing vinegar sauce, cake and other foods. The fruit and leaf can be used as livestock feed. The flower-extracted aromatic oil of the oleaster is used as a flavoring raw material and is used in essence for cosmetics and soaps; is also a honey plant. The wood is tough and fine, can be used as furniture, farm tools and fuel, and is one of the main sources of rural fuel in desert areas. In addition, fruits, leaves and roots of the elaeagnus angustifolia can be used as medicines, and have high medicinal value.
The composite plant planting mode is a traditional land utilization mode, and different plants are combined and arranged according to the characteristics of space positions, such as negative positivity, growth speed and the like according to different plant suitable environments, so that a mutually-promoted stable-yield and high-efficiency artificial composite ecological system is formed. The composite plant planting is carried out, so that the ornamental value of the plant can be effectively improved, the good growth of each plant can be effectively promoted, the fruit yield is improved, meanwhile, the land potential can be excavated, the sustainable development of soil is promoted, and the method has important practical significance for realizing the multifunction of the composite plant and the intensive management of the land. However, no ecological planting method for multifunctional composite landscape plants of short sweater-elaeagnus angustifolia has been reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method taking a short sweater-oleaster tree as a planting seedling.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank or a garden area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75-85% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: combining the selected land with deep turning, applying a base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting short sweater seedlings and oleaster seedlings on the four corners of the cross shape according to a crisscross method for 5-15 days, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater from 8 months to 9 months each year from the current year; from the next year, pruning the oleaster trees for one time in summer and winter each year respectively;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: from the next year, respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn, and respectively fertilizing the oleaster in summer and autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) Pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the short sweater and spraying the diluted solution of the imine thiophosphorus emulsion on the oleaster.
Preferably, the depth of the deep turning in the step (2) is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer in the step (2) is 4500-5500 kg/hectare, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand.
Preferably, in the step (3), the short-bodied sweater seedlings grow for 3 years, the oleaster cutting seedlings grow for 1 year, the planting depth of the short-bodied sweater seedlings is 5-10 cm, and the planting depth of the oleaster cutting seedlings is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, in the planting in the step (3), the distance between two adjacent short jerseys is 1.5-2 m, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.5-2 m.
Preferably, the pruning of the short sweater in the step (4) comprises pruning off overgrown branches and too dense branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density proportionality, and keeping gaps of 20-30 cm among the branches.
Preferably, the pruning of the oleaster tree in summer in the step (4) comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, wherein the thinning is to prune dense branches, cross branches and overgrowth branches of the oleaster tree, and the pruning of the oleaster tree in winter comprises pruning overgrowth branches, removing head raising branches of drooping branches and strengthening buds.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied to the short sweater in the spring and autumn in the step (5) independently comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, wherein the fertilizer dosage applied each time is 150-200 g.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied to the elaeagnus angustifolia in summer in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and 3-5 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in summer, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster tree in autumn comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate and 10-15 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in autumn.
Preferably, in the step (7), the carbendazim solution is 1000-1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution, the content of the active ingredients of the iminothiolane emulsion is 20-25 wt%, and the dilution multiple of the dilution liquid of the iminothiolane emulsion is 800-1000 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the short sweater is evergreen shrub, evergreen in four seasons, severe and heavy in mankind, but lack of variation; the oleaster is a deciduous tree, has rich colors and is easy and lively, but leaves fall Xiao Shu in winter. The invention arranges the short sweater and the oleaster to each other, which can effectively make up the respective defects to play an advantage and promote the overall ornamental value. The short sweater is lower than the oleaster, so that on one hand, the bright color tone can be highlighted, and on the other hand, the oleaster can reduce the damage of strong light to the short sweater. The crisscross planting method can lead the whole jungle to form a staggered contour line.
2. The side roots of the oleaster trees are developed, the root width is large, a plurality of nodules can be generated in loose soil, and the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia can also improve the soil fertility and improve the soil. The oleaster tree is easy to grow adventitious roots and has the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation. According to the characteristics of low growth speed and yin resistance of the short sweater, the sunny Chinese date tree with high growth speed is selected to be planted in a mixed mode, so that the ornamental value is improved, the soil environment can be effectively improved, the soil nutrition content is improved, the growth of two plants is promoted, the multi-functionalization of the composite planting of the plants is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the formulation of large-scale cultivation of the short sweater and the Chinese date artificial forest.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ecological planting method of a composite landscape plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multifunctional composite landscape plant ecological planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank or a garden area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75-85% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: combining the selected land with deep turning, applying a base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting short sweater seedlings and oleaster seedlings on the four corners of the cross shape according to a crisscross method for 5-15 days, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater from 8 months to 9 months each year from the current year; from the next year, pruning the oleaster trees for one time in summer and winter each year respectively;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: from the next year, respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn, and respectively fertilizing the oleaster in summer and autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) Pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the short sweater and spraying the diluted solution of the imine thiophosphorus emulsion on the oleaster.
In the present invention, in the step (1), a river bank or a garden area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75-85% of air humidity, and rich organic matter is selected, and more preferably, a river bank or a garden area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 80% of air humidity, and rich organic matter is selected.
In the present invention, the depth of the deep-drawing in the step (2) is preferably 20 to 25cm, more preferably 22 to 24cm, still more preferably 23cm.
In the present invention, the amount of the base fertilizer applied in the step (2) is preferably 4500 to 5500 kg/hectare, more preferably 4800 to 5200 kg/hectare, still more preferably 5000 kg/hectare; the base fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand, and more preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of decomposed pig manure, 30 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of perlite, 25 parts of urea, 25 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium carbonate and 13 parts of fine sand.
In the invention, in the step (3), the short sweater seedlings and the oleaster seedlings are planted on the four corners of the cross according to the crisscross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on the diagonal line, more preferably for 4 months and 10 days, and the short sweater seedlings and the oleaster seedlings are planted on the four corners of the cross according to the crisscross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on the diagonal line.
In the present invention, the short sweater seedling in step (3) is preferably 3 years old, the oleaster cutting seedling is preferably 1 year old, the planting depth of the short sweater seedling is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-8 cm, still more preferably 7cm; the planting depth of the elaeagnus angustifolia cutting seedlings is preferably 8-12 cm, and more preferably 10cm.
In the invention, in the planting in the step (3), the distance between two adjacent short sweaters is preferably 1.5-2 m, and more preferably 1.9m; the distance between two adjacent elaeagnus angustifolia is preferably 1.5-2 m, and more preferably 1.9m.
In the invention, the pruning of the short sweater in the step (4) preferably comprises pruning the overlength branches and the overlength branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density proportionality, keeping the gaps of 20-30 cm among the branches, and further preferably pruning the overlength branches and the overlength branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density proportionality, and keeping the gaps of 22cm among the branches.
In the invention, the pruning of the oleaster tree in summer in the step (4) preferably comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, wherein the thinning is preferably used for pruning dense branches, cross branches and overgrowth branches of the oleaster tree, and the pruning of the oleaster tree in winter preferably comprises pruning overgrowth branches, removing head-raising branches of drooping branches and strengthening buds.
In the invention, the fertilizer applied to the short sweater in the spring and autumn in the step (5) independently preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, and more preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 35 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 parts of potassium humate; the amount of fertilizer applied per plant is preferably 150 to 200g, more preferably 180g.
In the present invention, the fertilizer applied to the oleaster tree in summer in the step (5) preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and more preferably the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 13 parts of potassium nitrate; the amount of fertilizer applied in summer is preferably 3 to 5 kg/plant, more preferably 4 kg/plant; the fertilizer applied to the elaeagnus angustifolia in autumn preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and more preferably the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 13 parts of potassium nitrate; the amount of fertilizer applied in autumn is preferably 10 to 15 kg/plant, more preferably 13 kg/plant.
In the invention, in the step (6), the water is watered once every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and once every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, the water content of the soil is kept to be 60-70%, and more preferably, the water is watered once every 18 days in spring and autumn every year and once every 10 days in summer from the current year, and the water content of the soil is kept to be 65%.
In the present invention, the carbendazim solution in step (7) is preferably a 1000 to 1500-fold carbendazim aqueous solution, and more preferably a 1300-fold carbendazim aqueous solution; the content of the active ingredients of the iminothiolane emulsion is preferably 20-25 wt%, and more preferably 23wt%; the dilution factor of the dilution liquid of the phosphorus-imine emulsion is preferably 800 to 1000 times, more preferably 850 to 950 times, and even more preferably 900 times.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The ecological planting method of the multifunctional composite landscape plant comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: applying 4500kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 30 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of perlite, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of calcium carbonate and 10 parts of fine sand) to each hectare and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting 3-year-old short-bodied seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a crisscross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines, the planting depth of the short-bodied seedlings is 5cm, the planting depth of the oleaster cutting seedlings is 8cm, when the oleaster cutting seedlings are planted, the distance between two adjacent short-bodied seedlings is 1.5m, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.5m;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater once every year from 8 months 15, wherein pruning comprises pruning the overlength branches and the over-dense branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density fit and keeping the gaps of 20cm among the branches; respectively trimming the oleaster tree in summer and winter from the next year, wherein the trimming of the oleaster tree in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning is to trim dense branches, cross branches and overgrown branches of the oleaster tree, and the trimming of the oleaster tree in winter comprises trimming overgrown branches, removing head-raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: the method comprises the steps of respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn from the next year, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 150g, and the fertilizer applied to the short sweater is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15 parts of potassium humate; the fertilizer is applied to the oleaster trees for one time in summer and autumn each year from the next year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster trees in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, and 3 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in summer and the fertilizer applied to the oleaster in autumn are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate and 10 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 15 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 60%;
(7) Pest control: spraying 1000 times carbendazim aqueous solution on the short sweater and spraying 800 times dilution of 20wt% of the iminothiolane emulsion on the oleaster.
Example 2
The ecological planting method of the multifunctional composite landscape plant comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 80% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: applying 5000kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 35 parts of decomposed pig manure, 30 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of perlite, 25 parts of urea, 25 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium carbonate and 13 parts of fine sand) to each hectare and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting 3-year-old short-bodied seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a crisscross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines, the planting depth of the short-bodied seedlings is 7cm, the planting depth of the oleaster cutting seedlings is 10cm, when the oleaster cutting seedlings are planted, the distance between two adjacent short-bodied seedlings is 1.9m, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.9m;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater once every year, 8 months and 30 # from the current year, wherein pruning content comprises pruning the overlength branches and the excessive branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density fit and keeping the gaps of 25cm among the branches; respectively trimming the oleaster tree in summer and winter from the next year, wherein the trimming of the oleaster tree in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning is to trim dense branches, cross branches and overgrown branches of the oleaster tree, and the trimming of the oleaster tree in winter comprises trimming overgrown branches, removing head-raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: the method comprises the steps of respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn from the next year, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 180g, and the fertilizer applied to the short sweater is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 35 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 parts of potassium humate; the fertilizer is applied to the oleaster trees for one time in summer and autumn each year from the next year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster trees in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 13 parts of potassium nitrate, and 4 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in summer and fertilizer applied to the oleaster in autumn, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 13 parts of potassium nitrate and 13 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 18 days in spring and autumn every year and every 10 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 65%;
(7) Pest control: spraying 1300 times carbendazim aqueous solution on the short sweater and spraying 900 times diluent of 23wt% of the iminothiolane emulsion on the oleaster.
Example 3
The ecological planting method of the multifunctional composite landscape plant comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 85% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: applying 5500kg of base fertilizer (the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 35 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of vermiculite, 35 parts of perlite, 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25 parts of calcium carbonate and 15 parts of fine sand) to each hectare and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting 3-year-old short-bodied seedlings and 1-year-old oleaster cutting seedlings on four corners of a cross shape according to a crisscross method, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines, the planting depth of the short-bodied seedlings is 10cm, the planting depth of the oleaster cutting seedlings is 12cm, when the oleaster cutting seedlings are planted, the distance between two adjacent short-bodied seedlings is 2m, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 2m;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater once every 9 months 15 days from the current year, wherein pruning comprises pruning the overgrown branches and the too dense branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form density matching, and keeping a gap of 30cm between the branches; respectively trimming the oleaster tree in summer and winter from the next year, wherein the trimming of the oleaster tree in summer comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning is to trim dense branches, cross branches and overgrown branches of the oleaster tree, and the trimming of the oleaster tree in winter comprises trimming overgrown branches, removing head-raising branches and strong buds of drooping branches;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: the method comprises the steps of respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn from the next year, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 200g, and the fertilizer applied to the short sweater is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 20 parts of potassium humate; the fertilizer is applied to the oleaster trees for one time in summer and autumn each year from the next year, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster trees in summer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, and 5 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in summer and fertilizer applied to the oleaster in autumn, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 15 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 70%;
(7) Pest control: spraying 1500 times carbendazim aqueous solution on the short sweater, and spraying 1000 times diluent of 25wt% of the iminothiolane emulsion on the oleaster.
Comparative example 1
The steps and step parameters of planting 3-year-old dwarf sweater seedlings independently, planting row spacing of 1.9m, planting spacing of 1.9m, and the like are consistent with those of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 2
The cutting seedlings of the 1-year-old oleaster trees are planted independently, the planting row spacing is 1.9m, the plant spacing is 1.9m, and the steps and the step parameters of the rest land management, the oleaster tree management and the like are consistent with those of the embodiment 2.
Experimental example 1
The test site of the invention is selected in a river bank area of Changchun city of Jilin province. The region is divided into three parts, designated as a region, b region and c region, respectively. Wherein, the region a adopts the planting mode of the embodiment 2 of the invention to plant 25 short jerseys and 25 oleaster trees; the planting mode of the comparative example 1 is adopted in the zone b to plant 25 short jerseys; and c, planting 25 oleaster trees in the planting mode of the comparative example 2. Wherein, the initial average plant height of the short sweater in the area a is 35.4cm, and the initial average plant height of the oleaster is 62.3cm. The initial average plant height of the region b of the short sweater is 35.8cm. The initial average plant height of the elaeagnus angustifolia in the region c is 63.1cm. The rest of the management modes are all performed according to local habits. Collecting soil samples of each area before the test starts, selecting 5 sampling points at four corners and middle positions of each area, collecting soil samples of soil layers with the depth of 0-20 cm, respectively taking 1kg of the soil samples of each sampling point of each area, filling the soil samples into sample bags, measuring the physicochemical properties of each soil sample, and finally taking an average value of the results. The test starts at month 10 of 2020. No. 10 of 4 in 2021, collecting soil samples with the depth of 0-20 cm according to the sampling method, and respectively taking 1kg of soil samples at each sampling point of each region and filling the soil samples into a sample bag. And measuring physicochemical properties of each soil sample, taking an average value of the final result, and respectively counting the survival rate and the growth condition of the short jersey and the oleaster in the region a, the region b and the region c. The statistical results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 influence of different planting patterns on soil physicochemical Properties
As can be seen from Table 1, the composite planting mode of the present invention can more effectively improve soil environment and remarkably increase contents of soil organic matters, alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium compared with comparative examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on survival and plant height of T.petunia
| Treatment of | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (cm) |
| Example 2 | 100 | 127.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 80 | 95.6 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the composite planting pattern of the present invention is more advantageous for survival and growth of the T.sedge than the T.sedge single planting pattern.
TABLE 3 influence of different treatments on survival rate and plant height of Elaeagnus angustifolia
| Treatment of | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (cm) |
| Example 2 | 100 | 173.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 92 | 150.6 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the composite planting mode of the present invention is more advantageous for survival and growth of the elaeagnus angustifolia than the single planting mode of the elaeagnus angustifolia.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ecological planting method of the multifunctional composite landscape plant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Optionally: selecting a river bank or a garden area with gentle topography, excellent drainage, 75-85% of air humidity, rich and loose soil and rich organic matters;
(2) Preparing land: combining the selected land with deep turning, applying a base fertilizer and watering thoroughly;
(3) Planting: planting short sweater seedlings and oleaster seedlings on the four corners of the cross shape according to a crisscross method for 5-15 days, wherein the same seedlings are positioned on diagonal lines;
(4) And (3) trimming and shaping: pruning the short sweater from 8 months to 9 months each year from the current year; from the next year, pruning the oleaster trees for one time in summer and winter each year respectively;
(5) And (3) fertilization management: from the next year, respectively fertilizing the short sweater in spring and autumn, and respectively fertilizing the oleaster in summer and autumn;
(6) And (3) water management: watering every 15-20 days in spring and autumn every year and every 9-11 days in summer from the current year, and keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(7) Pest control: spraying carbendazim solution on the short sweater and spraying a dilution of the imine thiophosphorus emulsion on the oleaster;
and (3) when planting, the distance between two adjacent short jerseys is 1.5-2 m, and the distance between two adjacent oleaster trees is 1.5-2 m.
2. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the depth of deep turning in the step (2) is 20-25 cm.
3. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer in the step (2) is 4500-5500 kg/hectare, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of fine sand.
4. The ecological planting method of a multifunctional composite landscape plant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the short-bodied seedlings are 3 years old, the oleaster cutting seedlings are 1 year old, the planting depth of the short-bodied seedlings is 5-10 cm, and the planting depth of the oleaster cutting seedlings is 8-12 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pruning of the short sweater in step (4) comprises pruning the overgrowth and excessive branches of the short sweater, keeping the tree form and the tree form as dense as appropriate, and keeping the gaps of 20-30 cm between the branches.
6. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the pruning of the oleaster tree in summer in the step (4) comprises bud picking, thinning and pinching, the thinning is to prune dense branches, cross branches and long branches of the oleaster tree, and the pruning of the oleaster tree in winter comprises pruning long branches and removing head-up branches and strong buds of drooping branches.
7. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied to the short sweater in spring and autumn in the step (5) independently comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15-20 parts of potassium humate, wherein the fertilizer dosage applied each time is 150-200 g.
8. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster trees in summer in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, and 3-5 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in summer, wherein the fertilizer applied to the oleaster tree in autumn comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate and 10-15 kg/plant of fertilizer applied in autumn.
9. The ecological planting method of multifunctional composite landscape plants according to claim 1, wherein the carbendazim solution in the step (7) is 1000-1500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution, the content of active ingredients of the iminothiolane emulsion is 20-25 wt%, and the dilution factor of the dilution solution of the iminothiolane emulsion is 800-1000 times.
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