CN109042037A - The intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot - Google Patents
The intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042037A CN109042037A CN201811057433.5A CN201811057433A CN109042037A CN 109042037 A CN109042037 A CN 109042037A CN 201811057433 A CN201811057433 A CN 201811057433A CN 109042037 A CN109042037 A CN 109042037A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intelligent cultural methods of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation, solve the problems, such as that gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot cultivation effect is bad.The present invention includes the following steps: to be colonized step: selection 2 years or more finished product seedling orchard establishments are colonized in late March to mid-April and dig cave；Fertilising step: annual basal dressing is primary, and foliage application four times；Water and fertilizer management step: it is completed by liquid manure intelligence control system.The present invention carries out water and fertilizer management using liquid manure intelligence control system, realizes intelligent management, and saving labor efficient operation creates good condition for industrialized production in agriculture management；The present invention starts in terms of field planting, fertilising, water and fertilizer management, pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, Spring frost prevent and treat six, realize cultivation mode, the pearl oil apricot drought resisting cold resistance planted out using this method is strong, flower is strong with young fruit resistance capacity of spring frost, fruit quality is splendid, brings good economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular to a kind of intelligent cultivation side of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot
Method.
Background technique
Zhangye City, Gansu Province is located at Hexi Corridor middle-end, and the regional drought is short of rain, winter severe cold, spring much wind, sand and dust
Cruelly frequently, day, alternating temperature amplitude was big, belonged to typical arid desert weather.The Land in Regional Land area is big, especially gobi barren beach ground
Product is quite big, and since land occupation condition is poor, insufficient water sources, develops vegetables and crops benefit is extremely low.
For many years, the Apricot Cultivars Spring frost locally cultivated occurs seriously, and the whole city garden nearly 100,000 Mu Xing yield is not high, imitates
Benefit is very low, and especially especially prominent in river irrigated area problem, orchard worker is little to apricot tree cultivation enthusiasm.Since cultivation technique falls behind,
Especially the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, mechanization, intellectualized technology quite fall behind, green, organic fruit industry production and balance fertilizing skill
Art has seriously affected being widely applied for the region apricot breeding also in experimental stage, the presence of these problems, becomes restriction
" bottleneck " problem of the region forest and fruit fast development.
To solve the problems, such as above-mentioned " bottleneck ", it is best, anti-that Zhangye has introduced integral economic trait in current domestic apricot cultivars
Property it is extremely strong, the output value is high, it is i.e. processable can eat raw again, the resistance to fortune of resistance to storage, the huge apricot breeding of development potentiality " pearl oil apricot ".But
It is that, for the land occupation condition of local gobi famine beach, the cultivation effect of pearl oil apricot is still bad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of intelligent cultural methods of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot, to solve gobi famine
The bad problem of beach pearl oil apricot cultivation effect.
The technical scheme is that a kind of intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot, it is characterised in that
Include the following steps:
A, be colonized step: selection 2 years or more finished product seedling orchard establishments are colonized in late March to mid-April and dig cave；
B, fertilising step: annual basal dressing is primary, and foliage application four times；
C, water and fertilizer management step: being completed by liquid manure intelligence control system, the liquid manure intelligence control system include monitoring device,
Irrigation system and PLC；Monitoring device includes field auto moisture nutrient detection module, image capture module, memory module sum number
According to output module, field auto moisture nutrient detection module is used to detect the moisture and nutrient in soil, and image capture module is used
In shooting apricot growing state, memory module is collected for storing field auto moisture nutrient detection module and image capture module
The data arrived, data outputting module are used to export the data in memory module；Irrigation system include irrigation conduit, water adding system and
Fertilization system, water adding system include water pump, water pipe and water solenoid valve, the both ends of water pipe respectively with water pump and irrigation conduit phase
Even, water pipe is equipped with water solenoid valve, and fertilization system includes N fertilizer system, P fertilizer system and K fertilizer system, and N fertilizer system includes N fertilizer
Tank, N fertilizer pipeline and N fertilizer solenoid valve, N fertilizer pipe ends are connected with N fertilizer tank and irrigation conduit respectively, and N fertilizer pipeline is equipped with N fertilizer electricity
Magnet valve, P fertilizer system include P fertilizer tank, P fertilizer pipeline and P fertilizer solenoid valve, P fertilizer pipe ends respectively with P fertilizer tank and irrigation conduit phase
Even, P fertilizer pipeline is equipped with P fertilizer solenoid valve, and K fertilizer system includes K fertilizer tank, K fertilizer pipeline and K fertilizer solenoid valve, K fertilizer pipe ends difference
Be connected with K fertilizer tank and irrigation conduit, K fertilizer pipeline be equipped with K fertilizer solenoid valve, water solenoid valve, N fertilizer solenoid valve, P fertilizer solenoid valve and
K fertilizer solenoid valve is connected with PLC.
As a further improvement of the present invention, liquid manure intelligence control system further includes mobile phone, mobile phone by communication network with
Monitoring device is connected.Data outputting module in monitoring device can be sent data on the mobile phone of technical staff, technical staff
Monitoring mobile phone apricot garden situation can be passed through at any time, accurately noted abnormalities.It solves a problem promptly, realizes visualized management.
As a further improvement of the present invention, apricot garden is divided into multiple sections, is respectively arranged on each section a set of
Liquid manure intelligence control system can realize to each section and more accurately monitor that PLC can distinguish for the case where each section
More accurately water and fertilizer management scheme is formulated, refines management more.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step, it is transplanted using the seeding row spacing of 3m × 5m, it is desirable that finished product seedling
1.1m is done surely, and the length of planting hole is 100cm, is padded the crop material of one layer of 15 cm thick in planting hole bottom, is being planted
One third soil moved in improve the original, one third decomposed manure and one third sandy soil are inserted in plant hole, in addition apply pure phosphate fertilizer 1kg and biology
1 ㎏ of bacterial manure.
As a further improvement of the present invention, further include pruning step, pruning step the following steps are included:
A, high photosynthetic efficiency pruning step: requiring the trunk of 80cm high, in the season of growth, under finished product seedling clip in 30cm
Four major branches are selected, in river irrigated area or irrigation district, major branch and trunk are at 75 degree of angles, in mountain area or Irrigation in Drought District, major branch and master
Do into 50 degree of angles, remaining branch is erased early, pinching when major branch grows to 50cm, and by four major branches take respectively southeastward, east
North, southwest, the orientation of northwest four, the branch grown on four major branches are each side selecting one to be used as side shoot culture, near
The side shoot of nearly major branch base portion is away from 40~50cm of major branch base portion, and at a distance of 50~80cm between two side shoots on same major branch, side shoot is raw
The angle of pinching when 50cm, side shoot and trunk is 75~90 degree；
B, summer promotees flower control hat shearing procedure: after tree-like skeleton is formed, later summer pruning is that major branch and side shoot stay extending head
50cm pinching, pinching when back branch reaches 30cm promote back to form 30cm small-sized fruit branch group below and are uniformly distributed, to major branch
30cm pinching is stayed with the branch on side shoot, is trained large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, three is interspersed；
C, winter simplifies shearing procedure: cutting in skeleton branch extending head 40cm, remaining all branch 20cm cutting back.
It as a further improvement of the present invention, further include pest and disease damage green prevention and treatment step, pest and disease damage green prevents and treats step packet
Include following steps:
A, prevent and treat oriental fruit months step: 1. annual Growing season hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, hangs oriental fruit months property per acre
At lure 5, in 4 generations, 1 generation of January, occur altogether every year for oriental fruit months, so replacing altogether 4 times in the generation phase of oriental fruit months every year
Lure is monthly replaced 1 time；2. carrying out 4 chemical preventions every year；
B, prevent eliminating aphis step: 1. plant prevention: with one of tobacco leaf, orange peel, capsicum or it is a variety of impregnated, use soak
Sprinkling prevention and treatment；2. physical control: suspension yellow inducing aphids plate, silver gray keep away one of aphid plate, pheromones inducing aphids plate or a variety of；③
Cultural control: clear garden or/and the smooth medicine band of binding in time；4. biological control: protecting the natural enemy of aphid；5. chemical prevention: spraying
1000 times of liquid of 4.5% 800 times of effective cypermethrin liquid or 22% imidacloprid, spray 3~4 times in trees prosperous growth season every year；Because of aphid
Worm is the insect of sucking mouth parts, and the nutrient rear blade and branch sucked in blade and spray deform, and anaphase blade falls off in advance,
Because blade face area is reduced, photosynthesis reduces, it is bad to will lead to trunk infusion, will cause shedding when serious, so, aphid is to treasure
Pearl oil apricot tender leaf and spray harm quite it is serious, prevention and treatment is not in time or inappropriate medication will seriously affect yield and tree vigo(u)r；
C, scale insect step is prevented and treated: it is primary with 3~5 Baume degrees Lime Sulphur To Controls in dormant period, it is happy with 40.7% in growth period
This 1500 times of liquid and 22% imidacloprid, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments are primary, so that it may which fully control coccid betides harm；
D, because trees itself winter resistance of treelet phase is poor, bark is thin, folium isatidis abdicates adult and produces ovum under bark, process of laying eggs
In, a large amount of crescent wounds are generated on bark, influence treelet safe overwintering, prevent and treat green leaf hopper step: 1. every year with white dose
Brushing is primary, it is also ensured that pearl oil apricot safe overwintering, 2. hang black light lamp prevention and treatment, 3. select non-Cruciferae interrow crop into
Row plantation, 4. there is the chemical pesticide of stifling property to be prevented and treated for selection, avoid setting spray.
As a further improvement of the present invention, further include Spring frost prevention and treatment step: pouring within 1~2 day before frost a water, set
Body spray is white primary；0.3% boron fertilizer of spray is set entirely in the florescence or fertilizer containing microelement is primary；Arrive first 1~2 day in frost and sprays
The drug for preventing and treating INA bacterium is primary；Frost occurs arrangement heap grass or smoke agent in the garden Shi Xing and puts cigarette, per acre more than 10 heaps.It adopts
Take the above Comprehensive Measures On Prevention And Cure, it can be ensured that stable yield and high quality is efficient year after year for pearl oil apricot.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step C, using following water and fertilizer management scheme:
Before and after rudiment, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:1:2；
After fallen flowers, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:2:1；
In young fruit first time expanding stage, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:1:1；
In second of expanding stage of young fruit, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=2:1:1；
30 days before harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:2；
20 days before harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of P:K=1:1；
10 days after harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:1；
20 days after harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:1；
Before and after fallen leaves, overwintering water is only irrigated.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in stepb, the method for basal dressing is: apply 50kg for every plant decomposed has completely
Machine fertilizer, 1kg calcium superphosphate and 1kg high-performance bio bacterial manure, pour water in time after fertilising；The method of foliage application is: containing in mid-April
Florescence sprays 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg, in the fallen flowers phase, spray
It applies 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3000mg/kg and urea solution 3000mg/kg and sprays urea in young fruit period
3000mg/kg, Luo imitate king's 2500mg/kg and 3000mg/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray urea 3000mg/ in young fruit expanding stage
Kg, Luo imitate king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg, before fruit maturation after 15~20 days and fruit harvesting
Spray Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the prevention and treatment green leaf hopper step of pest and disease damage green prevention and treatment step, have
The chemical pesticide of stifling property is 50% DDT EC, 500 times of liquid.DDVP has good fumigation action, can divide rapidly after application
Solution, the lasting period is short, noresidue, can crop harvest before it is very short in the period of in apply, institute preferable to the adult controlling effect of flight
Can be used for folium isatidis buddhist adult controlling.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention carries out water and fertilizer management using liquid manure intelligence control system, intelligent, integrated management is realized, saving of labor saves
Power efficient operation creates good condition for the management of industrialized production in agriculture in future；
2. the present invention enters in terms of field planting, fertilising, water and fertilizer management, pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, Spring frost prevent and treat six
Hand sums up a kind of method for being suitble to cultivate pearl oil apricot in gobi famine beach, realizes cultivation mode by long-term experiment
Change, sequencing, the pearl oil apricot drought resisting cold resistance planted out using this method is strong, flower, fruit product strong with young fruit resistance capacity of spring frost
Matter is splendid, brings good economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of liquid manure intelligence control system in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the working principle diagram of monitoring device in the present invention.
In figure, 1-PLC；2- irrigation conduit；3- water adding system；31- water pump；32- water pipe；33- water solenoid valve；4- monitoring
Device；The field 41- auto moisture nutrient detection module；42- image capture module；43- memory module；44- data outputting module；
5- fertilization system；51-N fertilizer system；511-N fertilizer tank；512-N fertilizer pipeline；513-N fertilizer solenoid valve；52-P fertilizer system；521-P fertilizer
Tank；522-P fertilizer pipeline；523-P fertilizer solenoid valve；53-K fertilizer system；531-K fertilizer tank；532-K fertilizer pipeline；533-K fertilizer solenoid valve；
6- mobile phone.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment can further illustrate the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.In following embodiment,
The star instrument CSF11 soil water that field auto moisture nutrient detection module 41 is produced using Beijing Xing Yi sensor technology Co., Ltd
Sub-sensor (model: CSF11) and the soil of Yu Yan Information technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. production/matrix fertility N P and K sensing
Device (model: W-NK-TP01), other modules are all made of the prior art.
Embodiment 1
Zhangye was cultivated in accordance with the following methods in introduction pearl oil apricot breeding in 2010:
A, be colonized step: selection 2 years or more finished product seedling orchard establishments are colonized in late March to mid-April and dig cave；
B, fertilising step: including basal dressing and page spray fertilizer；
C, it water and fertilizer management step: is completed by liquid manure intelligence control system.
Wherein, liquid manure intelligence control system used in water and fertilizer management step includes monitoring device 4, irrigation system and PLC
(1)；
Monitoring device 4 includes that field auto moisture nutrient detection module 41, image capture module 42, memory module 43 and data are defeated
Module 44 out, field auto moisture nutrient detection module 41 can detect moisture and nutrient in soil, and image capture module 42 can
Apricot growing state is shot, the data that field auto moisture nutrient detection module 41 and image capture module 42 are collected into are stored in
In memory module 43, data outputting module 44 exports the data in memory module 43；
Irrigation system includes irrigation conduit 2, water adding system 3 and fertilization system 5, and the water adding system 3 includes water pump 31, water pipe 32
With water solenoid valve 33, the both ends of water pipe 32 are connected with water pump 31 and irrigation conduit 2 respectively, and water pipe 32 is equipped with water solenoid valve
33, the fertilization system 5 includes N fertilizer system 51, P fertilizer system 52 and K fertilizer system 53, and N fertilizer system 51 includes N fertilizer tank 511, N fertilizer
Pipeline 512 and N fertilizer solenoid valve 513,512 both ends of N fertilizer pipeline are connected with N fertilizer tank 511 and irrigation conduit 2 respectively, N fertilizer pipeline 512
It is equipped with N fertilizer solenoid valve 513, P fertilizer system 52 includes P fertilizer tank 521, P fertilizer pipeline 522 and P fertilizer solenoid valve 523, P fertilizer pipeline 522
Both ends are connected with P fertilizer tank 521 and irrigation conduit 2 respectively, and P fertilizer pipeline 522 is equipped with P fertilizer solenoid valve 523, and K fertilizer system 53 includes K
Fertile tank 531, K fertilizer pipeline 532 and K fertilizer solenoid valve 533,532 both ends of K fertilizer pipeline are connected with K fertilizer tank 531 and irrigation conduit 2 respectively,
K fertilizer pipeline 532 is equipped with K fertilizer solenoid valve 533, water solenoid valve 33, N fertilizer solenoid valve 513, P fertilizer solenoid valve 523 and K fertilizer electromagnetism
Valve 533 is connected with PLC(1)；
It further include mobile phone 6, mobile phone 6 is connected by communication network with monitoring device 4.
Apricot is divided into multiple sections, 50 mu are a section, and each section is respectively arranged a set of liquid manure intelligent control
System carries out partition management.N fertilizer tank 511, P fertilizer tank 521 and K fertilizer will be separately stored in after soluble N fertilizer, P fertilizer, the dissolution of K fertilizer
In tank 531.Field auto moisture nutrient detection module 41 includes moisture transducer and fertility N P and K sensor, and moisture is sensed
Device and fertility N P and K sensor are inserted into soil, and the soil moisture nutrient data detected is stored in memory module 43, scheme
As collected apricot growing state is stored in memory module 43 by acquisition module 42, the data in memory module 43 are by data
Output module 44 is transmitted to PLC(1), in PLC(1) in set in advance each stage of topdressing all kinds of fertilizer dosage, PLC
(1) data of self-monitoring device in future 4 and the dosage set are comprehensive, design all kinds of fertilizer and the irrigation of water of appropriate amount
Amount.PLC(1) according to design scheme, pass through water solenoid valve 33, N fertilizer solenoid valve 513, P fertilizer solenoid valve 523 and K fertilizer solenoid valve
533 control the flow of water pipe 32, N fertilizer pipeline 512, P fertilizer pipeline 522 and K fertilizer pipeline 532, water, the N fertilizer, P of appropriate amount respectively
Fertilizer, K fertilizer are pooled in irrigation conduit 2, are irrigated after mixing, are achieved in scientific and rational liquid manure intelligent control management.
Meanwhile technical staff can monitor apricot garden situation by mobile phone 6, realize visualized management.
The difference of embodiment 2, the present embodiment and embodiment 1 be further include pruning step, the pruning step
The following steps are included:
A, high photosynthetic efficiency pruning step: using the tree-like bone of happy type of " 1(80cm)+4 (50~75 degree)+8(75~90 degree) "
Frame mode, 1 is the trunk for requiring 80cm high, and 4 be four scaffold limbs, and 8 be eight big side shoots.By the experimental study of many years, answer
It is tree-like with the naturally happy type of four major branches, it is seeding row spacing 3m × 5m optimum tree in the cultivation of pearl oil apricot, this tree-like precocity fruiting, height
Light efficiency, easy shaping, easily trimming, good quality, yield height, economic work, more efficient.Finished product seedling field planting current year 1.1m is done surely, and current year plants
The seedling height of plant is inconsistent, is trimmed at 1.1m with shrub and hedge trimmer, clip is formed, in the season of growth, under finished product seedling clip
Four major branches are selected in 30cm, in river irrigated area or irrigation district, major branch and trunk are main in mountain area or Irrigation in Drought District at 75 degree of angles
Branch and trunk are at 50 degree of angles, remaining branch is erased early, pinching when major branch grows to 50cm, and pinching is conducive to expand when 50cm
Tree crown, but be conducive to as a result, and by four major branches take respectively southeastward, northeast, southwest, the orientation of northwest four, on four major branches
The branch grown, each side selecting one be used as side shoot culture, near major branch base portion side shoot away from major branch base portion 40~
50cm, at a distance of 50~80cm between two side shoots on same major branch, pinching when collateral generation reaches 50cm, the angle of side shoot and trunk
It is 75~90 degree.Four scaffold limb of First Year culture base portion, second year complete the culture of the first side shoot on each major branch, third year
The culture of the second side shoot on each major branch is completed, the large result phase is come within the 4th year, mainly major branch and side shoot is prolonged
The long timely pinching of head, nutrient allocation changes at this time, as a result to consume a large amount of nutrient, so the nutrient of shoot growth is not
Foot, increment are greatly lowered, remaining shoot growth amount very little is usually no more than 30cm, so can pass through water without trimming
Fertilizer adjusts control growth, and pruning rate is greatly lowered, and achievees the purpose that saving labor is trimmed.
B, summer promotees flower control hat shearing procedure: use " 50+30 " Digitalization Mode, i.e., it is later after tree-like skeleton is formed
Summer pruning is major branch and side shoot stays extending head 50cm pinching, pinching when back branch reaches 30cm, promote back formed 30cm with
Under small-sized fruit branch group be uniformly distributed, 30cm pinching is stayed to the branch on major branch and side shoot, is trained large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
Three is interspersed.
C, winter simplifies shearing procedure: " 40+20 " Digitalization Mode is used, is i.e. is cut in skeleton branch extending head 40cm, remaining
All branch 20cm cutting backs.
The difference of embodiment 3, the present embodiment and embodiment 2 be further include pest and disease damage green prevention and treatment step, the disease pest
Evil green prevention and treatment step the following steps are included:
A, oriental fruit months step is prevented and treated: using " 1+1(5+4)+4(1) " digitlization control models, i.e., annual Growing season is each
Subregion hangs 1 frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, and 1 mu of ground is hung at oriental fruit months gyplure 5, every year in the generation phase of oriental fruit months
4 lures are replaced altogether, are monthly replaced 1 time；4 chemical preventions are carried out every year, the environment friendly agricultural for selecting a kind of country to promote, this reality
Example selection 4.5% Beta-cypermethrin EC, 800 times of liquid are applied to be prevented and treated.
In the river irrigated area of Zhangye height above sea level 1480m or so, 1st generation larva betides early and middle ten days in May, and 2nd generation betides July
In the middle ten days, the 3rd generation, betide mid-August, and the 4th generation was a part generation, tend not to complete current year development, so respectively 5
The middle of the month, mid-June, late July, mid or late August are prevented and treated.
B, prevent the step that eliminates aphis: control models being digitized using " 3+3+2+1+4 ", i.e., using 1. 3 kinds of plant preventions: using cigarette
Leaf, orange peel and capsicum are impregnated, and are sprayed and are prevented and treated with soak, 2. 3 kinds of physical controls: suspension yellow inducing aphids plate, silver gray are kept away
Aphid plate and pheromones inducing aphids plate, 3. 2 kinds of cultural controls: clear garden, the smooth medicine band of binding in time, 4. a kind of biological control: protection aphid
Natural enemy, 5. 4 chemical preventions: such as ladybug, Chrysopa, wasp fly spray 4.5% effective cypermethrin, 800 times of liquid or 22% pyrrole
1000 times of liquid of worm quinoline, spray 4 times or so in trees prosperous growth season every year.
C, it prevents and treats coccid step: control models is digitized using " 1+1 ", be mainly Korea on the pearl oil apricot of Zhangye
Ball heavily fortified point a red-spotted lizard, occurs a generation every year, in dormant period, with 3~5 Baume degrees Lime Sulphur To Control 1 time, in growth period in late June to 7
The first tenday period of a month moon are prevented and treated 1 time with 40.7% this happy 1500 times of liquid and 22% imidacloprid, 1000 times of liquid.
D, it prevents and treats green leaf hopper step: control models being digitized using " 1+1+1+1 ", i.e., 1. every year with white dose of brushing 1
It is secondary, 1 black light lamp 2. is hung in each subregion and is prevented and treated, and 3. a kind of non-Cruciferae interrow crop of selection is planted every year, 4.
1 kind of selection there is the chemical pesticide of stifling property to be prevented and treated.
The difference of embodiment 4, the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is: further including Spring frost prevention and treatment step: using " 1+1+1+1
+ 10 " Digitalization Mode, i.e., pour 1 water for 1~2 day before frost, and tree body is sprayed white 1 time；Set 0.3% boron fertilizer of spray entirely in the florescence or containing micro
The fertilizer of element 1 time；Arrive first 1~2 day to spray drug 1 time of prevention and treatment INA bacterium in frost；Cloth in the garden Shi Xing occurs for frost
It sets heap grass or smoke agent puts cigarette, per acre more than 10 heaps.
The difference of embodiment 5, the present embodiment and embodiment 4 is, in step C, using water and fertilizer management side as shown in Table 1
Case formulates liquid manure plan in 9 stages of pearl oil apricot growth respectively.
The difference of embodiment 6, the present embodiment and embodiment 5 is in step, to be transplanted, planted using the seeding row spacing of 3m × 5m
The length of plant hole is 100cm, and soil moved in improve the original improvement uses " 3+3+3+1+1+1 " Digitalization Mode, i.e., inserts in planting hole
One third soil moved in improve the original, one third decomposed manure and one third sandy soil, the crop material of 1 layer of 15 cm thick of cave heelpiece, separately
1 ㎏ of pure phosphate fertilizer 1kg and bio-bacterial manure is applied outside, after mixing by soil moved in improve the original, decomposed manure, sandy soil, pure phosphate fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure
Filling.
The difference of embodiment 7, the present embodiment and embodiment 6 is: in stepb,
The method of basal dressing is: using " 50+1+1 " base manure Digitalization Mode, i.e., every plant is applied the complete decomposed manure of 50kg (i.e. often
The annual 2500kg organic fertilizer of mu), 1kg calcium superphosphate, 1kg high-performance bio bacterial manure.It can be utilized in tree row two sides away from setting outside 40cm
Mechanical excavation 40cm wide, 40cm deep ditch, applies fertilizer in ditch, pours water in time after fertilising；
The method of foliage application is: in full-bloom stage mid-April, spraying 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium liquid 3000mg/kg sprays 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3000mg/kg and urea solution in the fallen flowers phase
3000mg/kg sprays urea 3000mg/kg, Luo effect king's 2500mg/kg and 3000mg/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate in young fruit period,
In young fruit expanding stage, urea 3000mg/kg, Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg are sprayed, in fruit
Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg is sprayed after 15~20 days and fruit harvesting before real mature.Blade face spray
Fertilizer is completed in combination with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In the present embodiment, by 8 years observe, pearl oil apricot show quality extremely on, fruit soluble solids content exists
25.0% or more, the transport of fruit storage endurance, as a result early, 4~5 years per mu yield values can reach 30,000 yuan or more, and trees drought resisting cold resistance is strong,
Flower is strong with young fruit resistance capacity of spring frost, and integral economic trait and adaptability are better than all Apricot Cultivars cultivated at present in Zhangye,
30,000 mu or more were promoted in Zhangye by pearl oil apricot in 2017.
By by the cultivation key technology of pearl oil apricot, research is summarized as straightaway Digitalization Mode, is convenient for the present invention
The practice of professional's learning guide, is more advantageous to layman and quickly grasps application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
A, be colonized step: selection 2 years or more finished product seedling orchard establishments are colonized in late March to mid-April and dig cave；
B, fertilising step: annual basal dressing is primary, and foliage application four times；
C, water and fertilizer management step: being completed by liquid manure intelligence control system, and the liquid manure intelligence control system includes monitoring device
(4), irrigation system and PLC,
The monitoring device (4) includes field auto moisture nutrient detection module (41), image capture module (42), memory module
(43) it is used to detect the moisture in soil with data outputting module (44), field auto moisture nutrient detection module (41) and supports
Point, image capture module (42) is for shooting apricot growing state, and memory module (43) is for storing field auto moisture nutrient
The data that detection module (41) and image capture module (42) are collected into, data outputting module (44) is for exporting memory module
(43) data in,
The irrigation system includes irrigation conduit (2), water adding system (3) and fertilization system (5), and the water adding system (3) includes
Water pump (31), water pipe (32) and water solenoid valve (33), the both ends of water pipe (32) respectively with water pump (31) and irrigation conduit (2) phase
Even, water pipe (32) is equipped with water solenoid valve (33), and the fertilization system (5) includes N fertilizer system (51), P fertilizer system (52) and K
Fertile system (53), N fertilizer system (51) include N fertilizer tank (511), N fertilizer pipeline (512) and N fertilizer solenoid valve (513), N fertilizer pipeline
(512) both ends are connected with N fertilizer tank (511) and irrigation conduit (2) respectively, and N fertilizer pipeline (512) is equipped with N fertilizer solenoid valve (513), P
Fertile system (52) includes P fertilizer tank (521), P fertilizer pipeline (522) and P fertilizer solenoid valve (523), P fertilizer pipeline (522) both ends respectively with P
Fertile tank (521) is connected with irrigation conduit (2), and P fertilizer pipeline (522) is equipped with P fertilizer solenoid valve (523), and K fertilizer system (53) includes K
Fertile tank (531), K fertilizer pipeline (532) and K fertilizer solenoid valve (533), K fertilizer pipeline (532) both ends respectively with K fertilizer tank (531) and irrigate
Pipeline (2) is connected, and K fertilizer pipeline (532) is equipped with K fertilizer solenoid valve (533),
Water solenoid valve (33), N fertilizer solenoid valve (513), P fertilizer solenoid valve (523) and K fertilizer solenoid valve (533) are connected with PLC.
2. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the water
Fertile intelligence control system further includes mobile phone (6), and the mobile phone (6) is connected by communication network with monitoring device (4).
3. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: will
Apricot garden is divided into multiple sections, and a set of liquid manure intelligence control system is respectively arranged on each section.
4. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in step
In A, transplanted using the seeding row spacing of 3m × 5m, it is desirable that finished product seedling 1.1m is done surely, and the length of planting hole is 100cm, is being planted
The crop material of one layer of 15 cm thick is padded in plant hole bottom, and it is decomposed organic that one third soil moved in improve the original, one third are inserted in planting hole
Fertilizer and one third sandy soil, in addition apply 1 ㎏ of pure phosphate fertilizer 1kg and bio-bacterial manure.
5. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: further include
Pruning step, the pruning step the following steps are included:
A, high photosynthetic efficiency pruning step: requiring the trunk of 80cm high, in the season of growth, under finished product seedling clip in 30cm
Four major branches are selected, in river irrigated area or irrigation district, major branch and trunk are at 75 degree of angles, in mountain area or Irrigation in Drought District, major branch and master
Do into 50 degree of angles, remaining branch is erased early, pinching when major branch grows to 50cm, and by four major branches take respectively southeastward, east
North, southwest, the orientation of northwest four, the branch grown on four major branches are each side selecting one to be used as side shoot culture, near
The side shoot of nearly major branch base portion is away from 40~50cm of major branch base portion, and at a distance of 50~80cm between two side shoots on same major branch, side shoot is raw
The angle of pinching when 50cm, side shoot and trunk is 75~90 degree；
B, summer promotees flower control hat shearing procedure: after tree-like skeleton is formed, later summer pruning is that major branch and side shoot stay extending head
50cm pinching, pinching when back branch reaches 30cm promote back to form 30cm small-sized fruit branch group below and are uniformly distributed, to major branch
30cm pinching is stayed with the branch on side shoot, is trained large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, three is interspersed；
C, winter simplifies shearing procedure: cutting in skeleton branch extending head 40cm, remaining all branch 20cm cutting back.
6. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: further include
Pest and disease damage green prevents and treats step, pest and disease damage green prevention and treatment step the following steps are included:
A, prevent and treat oriental fruit months step: 1. annual Growing season hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, hangs oriental fruit months property per acre
At lure 5,4 lures are replaced altogether in the generation phase of oriental fruit months every year, are monthly replaced 1 time；2. it is anti-to carry out 4 chemistry every year
It controls；
B, prevent eliminating aphis step: 1. plant prevention: with one of tobacco leaf, orange peel, capsicum or it is a variety of impregnated, use soak
Sprinkling prevention and treatment；2. physical control: suspension yellow inducing aphids plate, silver gray keep away one of aphid plate, pheromones inducing aphids plate or a variety of；③
Cultural control: clear garden or/and the smooth medicine band of binding in time；4. biological control: protecting the natural enemy of aphid；5. chemical prevention: spraying
1000 times of liquid of 4.5% 800 times of effective cypermethrin liquid or 22% imidacloprid, spray 3~4 times in trees prosperous growth season every year；
C, scale insect step is prevented and treated: it is primary with 3~5 Baume degrees Lime Sulphur To Controls in dormant period, it is happy with 40.7% in growth period
This 1500 times of liquid and 22% imidacloprid, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments are primary；
D, green leaf hopper step is prevented and treated: it is 1. primary with white dose of brushing every year, black light lamp prevention and treatment is 2. hung, non-cruciate flower is 3. selected
Section interrow crop is planted, and 4. there is the chemical pesticide of stifling property to be prevented and treated for selection.
7. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: further include
Spring frost prevents and treats step: pouring within 1~2 day before frost a water, tree body spray is white primary；Set 0.3% boron fertilizer of spray entirely in the florescence or containing micro-
The fertilizer of secondary element is primary；It is primary in the drug that frost arrives first 1~2 day to spray prevention and treatment INA bacterium；The garden Shi Xing occurs for frost
Interior arrangement heap grass or smoke agent put cigarette, per acre more than 10 heaps.
8. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: in step
In C, using following water and fertilizer management scheme:
Before and after rudiment, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:1:2；
After fallen flowers, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:2:1；
In young fruit first time expanding stage, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=3:1:1；
In second of expanding stage of young fruit, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=2:1:1；
30 days before harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:2；
20 days before harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of P:K=1:1；
10 days after harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:1；
20 days after harvesting, fertilizer is applied in the ratio of N:P:K=1:2:1；
Before and after fallen leaves, overwintering water is only irrigated.
9. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: in step
In B,
The method of the basal dressing is: every plant is applied the complete decomposed manure of 50kg, 1kg calcium superphosphate and 1kg high-performance bio bacterial manure,
It pours water in time after fertilising；
The method of the foliage application is: in full-bloom stage mid-April, spray 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, Luo effect king 2500mg/kg with
And potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg sprays 4% gibberellin 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3000mg/kg and urine in the fallen flowers phase
Plain liquid 3000mg/kg sprays urea 3000mg/kg, Luo effect king's 2500mg/kg and 3000mg/kg biphosphate in young fruit period
Potassium sprays urea 3000mg/kg, Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg in young fruit expanding stage,
Luo effect king 2500mg/kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3000mg/kg is sprayed before fruit maturation after 15~20 days and fruit harvesting.
10. the intelligent cultural method of gobi famine beach pearl oil apricot according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: in disease
Insect pest green prevents and treats in the prevention and treatment green leaf hopper step of step, and the chemical pesticide with stifling property is 50% DDT EC
500 times of liquid.
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| CN115486315A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-20 | 上海孙桥溢佳农业技术股份有限公司 | A method for planting fruit forests in the Northwest Gobi Desert |
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| CN108288049A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-17 | 合肥图久智能科技有限公司 | Agricultural planting intelligent management system based on agriculture Internet of Things |
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| CN108288049A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-17 | 合肥图久智能科技有限公司 | Agricultural planting intelligent management system based on agriculture Internet of Things |
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| CN115486315A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-20 | 上海孙桥溢佳农业技术股份有限公司 | A method for planting fruit forests in the Northwest Gobi Desert |
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