CN115399269A - Rice field transformation method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone and mixed three-dimensional cultivation method for rice and penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Rice field transformation method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone and mixed three-dimensional cultivation method for rice and penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000098289 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000530454 Litopenaeus schmitti Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255901 Tortricidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001417978 Channidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001454429 Metapenaeus ensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a culture method, in particular to a rice field transformation method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone, a culture method for mixing rice and penaeus vannamei boone in a three-dimensional manner, which comprises the following steps: applying organic fertilizer in the rice field to ensure that the soil reaches the organic matter content of about 29.2g kg ‑1 (plus or minus 0.46), digging ditches in the rice field to enable the rice field to be in a shape like Chinese character 'ri', a shape like Chinese character 'tian', and a shape like Chinese character 'kou', so that the area of the shrimp ditches accounts for about 30% of the total area of the rice; water is the root of later-stage plant growth and paddy rice growth in the paddy field, so that the water quality must ensure safety, and before transplanting, the water is completely removed from the soil and the water area around the paddy field to ensure the living environment of the paddy rice; transplanting in due time according to the growth of the seedlings, and transplanting by adopting a transplanter; desalting the penaeus vannamei boone, cultivating the penaeus vannamei boone in fresh water for a period of time after desalting, and putting the penaeus vannamei boone into the rice field about one week after transplanting; feeding for 100 daysCulturing and harvesting the penaeus vannamei boone; and (5) copying and harvesting the rice.
Description
The application is a divisional application with application date of 14.09.2017, application number of 201710825035.2 and invention name of a method for culturing penaeus vannamei in a rice field.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture method, in particular to a rice field transformation method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone and a three-dimensional mixed culture method for rice and penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
In the prior art, more and more farmers carry out three-dimensional cultivation in a rice field, for example, loaches, snakeheads, lobsters, freshwater shrimps and crabs are cultivated, but in any of the cultivation methods, yield reduction of the rice field is certain, and grains are almost not harvested in order to increase the yield of the fishes and the shrimps by some farmers, experiments prove that for three-dimensional cultivation, particularly for three-dimensional cultivation in the rice field, many farmers are not 1+1>2, and mainly because the income of separately cultivated paddy is too low and the cost of separately cultivating aquatic products is too high, the key is that no government subsidy is provided, after the three-dimensional cultivation, many farmers dig ditches in the farmland to put water organisms into the farmland, change the farmland into a pond, and for three-dimensional cultivation, the water organisms which really play a positive role in the paddy are not in the varieties of the fishes and the shrimps. Therefore, in order to really adapt to three-dimensional cultivation, a 1+1 >.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional breeding method, which realizes three-dimensional breeding of rice and white shrimps under the condition of not reducing yield of the rice.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by:
the invention provides a rice field transformation method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Applying organic fertilizer in the rice field, wherein the organic matter content of the soil in the rice field reaches about 29.2 +/-0.46 g kg -1 The content of clay particles is about 16 percent;
(2) Digging a ditch in the rice field to obtain a shrimp ditch; after the ditches are excavated, the rice field is in a shape like Chinese character 'ri', a shape like Chinese character 'tian' or a shape like Chinese character 'kou'; the area of the shrimp ditches accounts for about 30% of the total area of the rice; the depth of the shrimp ditch is about 0.8 m to 1 m;
(3) Conducting water diversion in the ditch, and sterilizing the water;
(4) Before transplanting seedlings, performing water pest killing on all the land and water areas around the rice field;
(5) Transplanting in due time according to the growth of the seedlings, and transplanting by adopting a transplanter;
(6) A mechanical sowing mode is adopted during sowing time; the density of the seeding is 4-5 plants planted within 20cm x 20cm square.
The invention also provides a method for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone in the rice field,
1) Applying organic fertilizer in the rice field to ensure that the soil reaches the organic matter content of about 29.2g kg -1 (+ -0.46), the content of clay particles is about 16%, and the oiliness also refers to a soil property with good structure and higher comprehensive fertility.
2) Ditching channels in the rice field to enable the rice field to be in a shape like Chinese character 'ri', a shape like Chinese character 'tian', or a shape like a Chinese character 'kou', so that the shrimp channels account for about 30% of the total area of the rice; the depth of the ditch is about 0.8 m to 1 m.
3) And (4) introducing water into the ditch from the outside under the condition that the water quality reaches the standard.
4) The sowing time adopts a mechanical sowing mode, and 4-5 plants are planted within a square of 20cm x 20cm in density.
5) Transplanting seedlings, namely transplanting the seedlings at proper time according to the growth of the seedlings and adopting a transplanter to transplant the seedlings.
6) Desalting shrimp seeds, namely desalting the penaeus vannamei boone, cultivating the desalted penaeus vannamei boone in fresh water for a period of time, and releasing the penaeus vannamei boone into the rice field about one week after transplanting.
7) Rice field management and water quality management, wherein the water quality requirement meets the water requirement of general cultivation, and the water depth in the rice field is ensured to be more than 10cm before shrimp catching; the rice field does not need to be applied with pesticides in daily life; only need regularly put in quantitative shrimp fodder to the different positions in paddy field.
8) After 100 days of feeding, the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested.
9) And (5) copying and harvesting rice.
By the planting and breeding method, the yield of rice per mu is 800-1000 jin, the yield of white shrimps is about 800 jin, and 40-50 metapenaeus ensis per jin can be obtained. The yield is equivalent to the normal acre yield of the rice, so that the yield of the shrimps is increased, and when the shrimp yield is the most difficult and expensive, no insect pest exists in the whole growth process of the rice, pesticide is not needed to be sprayed on the rice, and the grains of the rice without pesticide are still full.
The technical proposal is further improved, and the shrimp pond is relatively deep near the water discharge port. Before introducing water into the ditch, sterilizing the water body, and forbidding chlorine-containing bactericide during treatment.
The bactericide is iodine-containing bactericide, and when water is not drained in the rice field, weeding is carried out on the rice field, wherein weeding not only aims at the rice field, but also comprises the periphery of the rice field; sufficient fertilizer is applied once before rice transplantation, mainly decomposed long-acting organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are used, and the fertilizing amount is determined according to the quality of soil.
The stocking time is preferably shade day, morning and evening, and the rice roots are at least rooted when the young shrimps are stocked; after stocking, ensuring that the young shrimps move in the rice field in a long time; the water level is higher than the rice seedling core. The water level is higher than the rice seedling core, so that the rice leaf core is climbed by young shrimps, and the occurrence of leaf rollers in the later period is prevented. After the rice core grows out of water, the high emergence period of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis already passes at the beginning of the six months, so that the large-scale damage of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis is avoided, and on the other hand, the cnaphalocrocis medinalis generally cannot lay eggs on the cnaphalocrocis medinalis because the cnaphalocrocis medinalis core and most leaves are crawled by shrimps.
The fed feed is pellet feed; according to the living characteristics of the shrimps, feeding is preferably carried out in a scattered manner in a channel, the feeding amount is about 2-3% of the total weight of the shrimps in a whole day, and the feeding time can be 17 in the afternoon or once in the morning and at night. The water flow rate is required to be slow during the drainage, so that the shrimps in the rice field enter the ditch along with the water, and 1 to 2 ten thousand shrimps are released from the water surface per mu.
In order to fully move the shrimps, after the shrimps are thrown for one month, the time for growing the pests in the rice field is the most, at the moment, once every four days on average, and at the evening, the water in the rice field is discharged; then on the next day, irrigating water into the rice field, and throwing feed into the rice field in the evening to promote the shrimps to climb up the rice field, wherein no feed is thrown for two to three days later, and then slowly draining water in the evening of the third day; feeding the shrimp into the trench; and irrigating the water into the rice field every two days, and circulating the steps until the shrimps are harvested. Pests in the rice field have a characteristic of being loving tide, and in order to make all the pests come out, a drainage and insect introduction method is adopted, and then shrimps are released for predation. On one hand, the damage of pests to rice can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the shrimps are also active and grow faster.
The rice planted by the scheme has plump rice plants, the threshed rice is shiny, and the rice cooked into rice has sharp fragrance. The caught shrimps are larger than the shrimps cultured in the common pond, are tough to eat, have sweet taste and high protein, and are very suitable for children and the old to eat.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the advantages and gist of the present invention, the following examples are further described.
In the embodiment, the 50 mu of land is used for digging a square, japanese or grid-shaped shrimp ditch, the area of the shrimp ditch accounts for about 30 percent of the total area of the rice, the width of the shrimp ditch is 10-15 meters, the depth of the shrimp ditch is 0.8-1.0 meter, and the shrimp ditch is properly deepened at a near drainage port for facilitating the fishing of the shrimps. Sufficient fertilizer is applied once before rice transplantation, mainly decomposed long-acting organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are used, and the fertilizing amount is determined according to the quality of soil.
The seedling planting time is 5 months, 15 days to 5 months, 25 days, and the mechanical planting density is 20cm x 20cm square for planting four to five plants. The rice seeds are provided by Pudong Honghui seed industry Co.
The water quality is treated technically in NY5051-2001, pollution-free food running water health water quality, so that the water body is fat, fresh and tender, and sterile and harmless water (totally depending on experience). The water body is sterilized firstly, and the chlorine-containing bactericide is forbidden during the treatment. The bactericide is iodine-containing bactericide.
Desalting the shrimp seeds between 1 and 30 days in 6 months, and determining the seedling feeding time according to the growth condition, water quality and air temperature of the seedlings, wherein the seedlings are provided by a Tongwei seedling field. The stocking time is preferably 1 to 2 thousands of shrimps per mu of water surface in cloudy days or in the morning and evening. When young shrimps are put in the culture, rice at least takes root; after stocking, ensuring that the young shrimps move in the rice field for a long time; the water level is higher than the rice seedling core.
According to the field management technology, water quality is required to be fat, fresh, tender and alive, the water quality is measured periodically, and the pollution caused by phytotoxicity is prevented strictly. The water level is higher than the seedling core of the rice, so that the leaf core of the rice is climbed by the young shrimps, and the generation of the leaf rollers in the later period is prevented. After the rice core grows out of water, the high emergence period of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis already passes at the beginning of the six months, so that the large-scale damage of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis is avoided, and on the other hand, the cnaphalocrocis medinalis generally cannot lay eggs on the cnaphalocrocis medinalis because the cnaphalocrocis medinalis core and most leaves are crawled by shrimps. The fed feed is pellet feed; according to the living characteristics of the shrimps, feeding is preferably performed in a scattered manner in the channel, the feeding amount is about 2-3% of the total weight of the shrimps in the whole day, and the feeding time can be 17 in the afternoon or once in the morning and at night. The water flow rate is required to be slow during the water drainage, so that the shrimps in the rice field enter the ditch along with the water.
In order to fully move the shrimps, after the shrimps are thrown for one month, the time for growing the pests in the rice field is the most, at the moment, once every four days on average, and at the evening, the water in the rice field is discharged; then on the next day, irrigating water into the rice field, and throwing feed into the rice field in the evening to promote the shrimps to climb up the rice field, wherein no feed is thrown for two to three days later, and then slowly draining water in the evening of the third day; feeding the shrimp into the canal; and irrigating the water into the rice field every two days, and circulating the steps until the shrimps are harvested. Pests in the rice field have a characteristic of being loving tide, and in order to make all the pests come out, a drainage and insect introduction method is adopted, and then shrimps are released for predation. On one hand, the damage of pests to rice can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the shrimps are also active and grow faster.
After 100 days of careful breeding, the penaeus vannamei boone is caught in the late middle and late 9 months, and the yield of the ecological penaeus vannamei boone per mu is about 800 jin.
After more than half a month, the rice can be harvested in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and the acre can reach 800 jin to 1000 jin of organic rice.
The rice planted by the scheme has plump rice plants, the threshed rice is shiny, and the rice cooked into rice has sharp fragrance. The size of the caught shrimps is larger than that of the shrimps cultured in a common pond, and the shrimps have toughness, sweet taste and high protein when being eaten, so that the shrimps are very suitable for being eaten by children and the old.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A rice field transformation method for feeding Penaeus vannamei Boone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Applying organic fertilizer in the rice field, wherein the organic matter content of the soil in the rice field reaches about 29.2 +/-0.46 g kg -1 The content of clay particles is about 16 percent;
(2) Digging a ditch in the rice field to obtain a shrimp ditch; after the ditches are dug, the rice field is in a shape of Chinese character 'ri', a shape of Chinese character 'tian' or a shape of Chinese character 'kou'; the area of the shrimp ditches accounts for about 30% of the total area of the rice; the depth of the shrimp ditch is about 0.8 m to 1 m;
(3) Conducting water diversion in the ditch, and sterilizing the water;
(4) Before transplanting seedlings, removing harm from water in the land and water area around the rice field;
(5) Transplanting in due time according to the growth of the seedlings, and transplanting by adopting a transplanter;
(6) A mechanical sowing mode is adopted during sowing; the density of the seeding is 4-5 plants planted within 20cm x 20cm square.
2. A three-dimensional mixed culture method of rice and Penaeus vannamei Boone is characterized in that the method for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone in the rice field obtained by the rice field transformation method of claim 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Applying organic fertilizer in the rice field to ensure that the soil reaches the organic matter content of about 29.2g kg -1 (± 0.46), the content of cosmid is about 16% generally;
(2) Digging ditches in the rice field to enable the rice field to be in a shape like Chinese character 'ri', a shape like Chinese character 'tian' or a shape like a Chinese character 'kou', and enabling the shrimp ditch area to account for about 30% of the total area of the rice; the depth of the ditch is about 0.8 m to 1 m;
(3) Water is led from a ditch;
(4) The surrounding environment is treated, the land and the water area around the rice field are all subjected to water pest removal before transplanting, and the living environment of rice is ensured;
(5) Transplanting seedlings, namely transplanting the seedlings at proper time according to the growth of the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings by adopting a transplanter;
(6) Planting 4-5 plants at a density of 20cm to 20cm square in a mechanical sowing mode during sowing;
(7) Desalting the shrimp seeds, namely desalting the penaeus vannamei boone, cultivating the penaeus vannamei boone in fresh water for a period of time after desalting, and cultivating the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings in the rice field about one week after transplanting;
(8) Rice field management and water quality management, wherein the water depth in the rice field is ensured to be more than 10cm before shrimp catching; the rice field does not need to be applied with pesticides in daily life; only need to put in quantitative shrimp feed to different positions of the paddy field regularly;
(9) After 100 days of feeding, the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested;
(10) And (5) copying and harvesting the rice.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the shrimp furrows are relatively deep near the drain opening.
4. The culture method according to claim 2, wherein the water is sterilized before being introduced into the ditch, and chlorine-containing bactericide is forbidden during the treatment.
5. The culture method according to claim 2, wherein in the sterilization treatment, the adopted bactericide is an iodine-containing bactericide; when the paddy field is not drained, weeding is carried out on the paddy field, and the weeding not only aims at the paddy field but also comprises the periphery of the paddy field; sufficient fertilizer is applied once before rice transplantation, and the fertilizer mainly comprises decomposed long-acting organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the stocking is preferably performed in the shade or in the morning or evening, and the rice has rooted at least when the young shrimps are stocked; after stocking, ensuring that the young shrimps move in the rice field in a long time; the water level is higher than the rice seedling core.
7. The farming method of claim 2, wherein the feed to be fed is pellet feed; according to the living characteristics of the shrimps, the feed is preferably distributed in the channel, the feeding amount is about 2-3% of the total weight of the shrimps all day, and the feeding time can be 17 hours in the afternoon or once in the morning and at night.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the shrimp larvae are released in an amount of 1 to 2 ten thousand of shrimp larvae released per mu of water surface.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein after one month of putting shrimp postlarvae, the time for growing pests in the paddy field is the most, and at this time, water in the paddy field is discharged at the evening time once every four days on average; then, on the next day, watering the paddy field, and throwing feed into the paddy field in the evening to promote the shrimps to climb up the paddy field, wherein no feed is thrown in the two to three days later, and then slowly draining water in the evening of the third day; feeding the shrimp into the trench; and irrigating the water into the rice field every two days, and circulating the steps until the shrimps are harvested.
10. The culture method according to claim 9, wherein the flow rate of water is required to be slow at the time of draining so that the shrimps in the paddy field enter the ditch with the water.
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