CN106358485B - A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility - Google Patents

A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility Download PDF

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CN106358485B
CN106358485B CN201610750908.3A CN201610750908A CN106358485B CN 106358485 B CN106358485 B CN 106358485B CN 201610750908 A CN201610750908 A CN 201610750908A CN 106358485 B CN106358485 B CN 106358485B
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chicken
farmland
goose
letting
piece
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CN106358485A (en
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廖敦秀
朱金山
李燕
马连杰
张慧
胡留杰
余端
杭晓宁
张健
冯牧野
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Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02Breeding vertebrates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that field biological removal of impurities of letting a piece of farmland go to waste is reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility, including (1), fence pouity dwelling place to build;(2), young chicken and Adult Geese are chosen, chicken is put by 180 220/mu in fence;Two days later, according to chicken:Goose number of elements is than 10 15:6 launch goose raises together with chicken, and dusk supplement feed, forage volume gradually decreases;(3), when supplement feed, intestinal fermentation bacterium is added in feed;When poultry match weeding to black fallow earth's surface it is exposed be more than 20%, weeds tender leaf eat up, the weeds towered all trample in ground, plant height be less than 5cm, blade it is withered and yellow when, in Surface mulch stalk, and straw decomposing inoculant is added, while urea and glucose solution are sprayed, until stalk surface wettability;(4), shallow-layer is raked the soil level one time, clover is broadcasted sowing after raking the soil level, when plant to be planted height is more than 5cm, once a week in foliage-spray urea liquid;(5), when clover height is 10 15cm, maize intercropping of embarking on journey.Weeding ratio is high, environmental protection while raising out ecological poultry.

Description

A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control of black fallow farmland weed and the method for improvement of soil fertility, more particularly to one kind is letted a piece of farmland go to waste farmland It reclaims, the method for Weeds distribution and improvement of soil fertility.
Background technology
Agrarian relations national economy supports huge numbers of families.China soil natively exist have a large population and a few land extremely sharp and Contradiction outstanding, " an inch of land is an inch of gold " are wide-spread, widely known in China.But due to the quickening of urbanization paces in recent years With the continuous adjustment of the industrial structure, a large amount of labour is made to be freed from soil, is transferred to the secondary industry and the tertiary industry, many rural areas There is the idle phenomenon of letting a piece of farmland go to waste in different degrees of soil in area.So rural area is letted a piece of farmland go to waste, reclaiming for vacant land is planning of science activities, rationally profit With, effective protection land resources and implement most stringent Conservation Institutions of Cultivated Land there is an urgent need to.
As letting a piece of farmland go to waste for farming land is idle, weeds take the lead in invading farmland, replace original biota based on crops It falls, and with the difference for the time limit of letting a piece of farmland go to waste, there is also certain growth and decline variations for the structure of community of weeds in field, therefore black fallow is reclaimed and wanted The matter of utmost importance of solution is exactly the removal of farmland weed.
Artificial weeding method is very big to quantity of labour force demand, and efficiency is low, high labor cost.Though chemical weed control practices So there is save trouble and labor, short run effect is good, but herbicide is difficult to arrive at grass roots, and palliative, weeds easily stage a comeback, must not Not multiple Reusability herbicide necessarily causes the soaring of removal of impurities cost, is economically difficult to bear;It is flat that herbicide destroys ecology Weighing apparatus also makes resistance to (anti-) the pharmacological property enhancing of weeds while multiple dispenser controls weeds in short term, and dominant population is more rampant, and Gradually extinction multiple beneficial animal and microorganism, use up soil nutrienst destroy soil texture and agricultural ecological balance;Herbicide draws Sichuan, contaminated soil and water body are sent out, the security risk of agricultural product is brought, does not meet agricultural sustainable development requirement. Therefore, chemical weed control practices is also not suitable for.
Invention content
In order to solve the above problem, the purpose of the present invention is intended to provide one kind field biological removal of impurities of letting a piece of farmland go to waste and reclaims and improvement of soil fertility Method, not only achieved the purpose that effectively to remove weeds, but also turn waste into wealth, and raised out ecological poultry.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that:One kind let a piece of farmland go to waste field biological removal of impurities reclaim and soil train The method of fertilizer, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
(1), pouity dwelling place fence and auxiliary facility are built:The fence for building 0.8-2m is enclosed in black fallow, in hidding and sunny side, is not accumulated Livestock and poultry canopy and nurse room are built in the relatively flat place of water, topography, and livestock and poultry canopy need to be equipped with livestock and poultry and rest, eats food, drinks water and lay eggs Auxiliary facility;
(2), poultry collocation decrement supplementary feeding excites weeding:The strong young chicken of Full-access immunization, disease resistance and Adult Geese are chosen, Chicken is put into according to 180-220/mu in fence, to ensure the growing nutrient demand of young chicken, dusk supplement feed, supplementary feeding amount Only for daily 0.08-0.1kg/, and the supplementary feeding amount after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily 0.075kg/ chicken;Put chicken two days Afterwards, according to chicken:Goose quantity ratio 10-15:6 launch Adult Geese raises together with chicken, gives goose supplement feed at dusk, supplement feed amount is daily 0.4-0.5kg/, and the feed magnitude of recruitment after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily 0.35kg/ goose;By reducing poultry Feed supplement, excitation goose food grass, chicken plane the ground and eat the instinct of worm, grass-seed, allow chicken and goose to adapt to the living environment of black fallow as early as possible, form morning Go out the late rule gone back to the nest;
(3), Rapid Fermentation fertilizing and improving straw mulching:When dusk supplement feed, intestinal fermentation bacterium is added, accelerates fowl droppings fermenting Speed;When the weeding of poultry rational proportion is more than that 20%, weeds tender leaf is eaten up, the weeds towered all trample to black fallow earth's surface is exposed It steps on when ground, plant height are withered and yellow less than 5cm, blade, in the stalk of Surface mulch 0.8-1.5cm thickness, and by 0.2-0.4kg/ mus Straw decomposing inoculant is added in dosage, while spraying urea and 0.05-0.15% glucose solutions that mass concentration is 4-6%, until Stalk surface wettability;
(4), it ploughs shallowly and is rebuild with ecological niche:Shallow-layer is raked the soil level one time, and clover, plant to be planted are broadcasted sowing by 1.5-2kg/ mus after raking the soil level When height is more than 5cm, once a week in foliage-spray urea liquid, the mass concentration of urea liquid is gradually increased to from 1% 5%, make clover planting as early as possible, occupy ecological niche, inhibits the growth of other weeds;
(5), black fallow restores farming:When clover height is 10-15cm, maize intercropping of embarking on journey, by normal farming Management system carries out farming.
Using the above scheme, ratio according to the invention puts chicken and goose in a suitable place to breed, after feeding 20 days, the average grass amount in farmland of letting a piece of farmland go to waste by 1.5kg/m2~3.2kg/m2, drop to 0.58kg/m2~1.2kg/m2, 62% is averagely had dropped, final weeds removal rate reaches 80% or more, weeding ratio is high.Chicken is put in a suitable place to breed more than goose, the grass after chicken trample is put again two days later, and goose does not just like and eats, weeding ratio It is low, therefore our selections put chicken in a suitable place to breed and put goose in a suitable place to breed again two days later.If chicken goose ratio ratio not according to the invention is put in a suitable place to breed, weeding Efficiency is relatively low.Gaggle and chicken group are mainly reflected in three aspects to the removal of farmland weed:First, the careless effect of goose food is aobvious It writes.Weeds type is mainly oil grass, revolution grass, Drilgrass and crisped dock root, this few class grass is all relatively older, and fiber content is higher, After goose is put in the area, in addition to crisped dock root, the first half of the aerial part of remaining a few class grass and tenderer leaf are whole All eat up.Second is that gaggle tramples on the growth for inhibiting farmland weed, gaggle walks up and down in farmland, and the weeds towered are whole The eucaryotic cell structure for destroying vegetation in ground is trampleed on, photosynthesis is lacked, to inhibit the growth of farmland weed.Third, goose excrement Corrode weeds significant effect.Goose excrement is scattered on the weeds of lodging, and ammonia and nitrite etc. can cause the plant tissue flow of water, thin The change of after birth permeability and cellular prion protein leads to plant dehydration, along with not decomposed goose excrement with a large amount of germ, Worm's ovum etc. can endanger plant, and it is withered that the two collective effect makes weeds gradually turn yellow.
After the excrement of goose discharge is naturally decomposed down on the farm, the organic matter and nitrogen content of soil will necessarily be increased.It is not only environmentally friendly Wasteland weeds are efficiently removed, and avoid soil and environmental pollution that chemical herbicide is brought, are turned waste into wealth, green ring It protects, enhances soil fertility, the basis of sustainable development has been established for the exploitation of black fallow.
Only it is changed into the ecological goose and chicken of food grass by feed raising to goose and chicken supplement feed, goose and chicken in the dusk, daily The feed nutrient and quantity that are supplemented all is less than full nutrient fodder, can there is a weight loss of a physiological, but goose Build and the state of mind improve significantly, and meat and flavor are also significantly improved, and fat content reduces in meat, egg White matter content increases.
By straw decomposing, increase soil fertility.The growth for inhibiting other weeds by clover waits for that clover grows to When 10-15cm, row maize planting can be dug.
In the above scheme:It is configured with the trap of eye-catcher around pouity dwelling place, and bait and repellent measure are set, walks quickly and keeps away Class or trapping yellow weasel.Trap such as rattrap, mousetrap etc. traps yellow weasel, and repellent measure such as spreads realgar and walks quickly and keeps away class.
In the above scheme:The feeding time for the young chicken that step (2) is chosen is 3 months, when the raising of Adult Geese Between be 5 months.
In the above scheme:The feed of goose and chicken is corn or millet.
In the above scheme:Chicken:Goose number of elements ratio is 10:6 weeding ratio highests.
In the above scheme:The additive amount of intestinal fermentation bacterium is 0.5% in step (3).
In the above scheme:The stalk is rice or/and wheat stalk, cuts into the pipe nipple that length is less than 10cm, cuts It is more easily decomposed after short.
In the above scheme:Shallow-layer is raked the soil level using the baby tractor with tooth harrow, and tooth harrow length is less than 10cm, prevents from exciting Deep soil Teaching practice base.
The present invention by short-term, overload herd poultry and reclaim farmland of letting a piece of farmland go to waste, achieve following advantageous effect:First, using this The chicken goose blend proportion and mode of invention by the poultry feeding weeds such as goose, chicken trophosome, pick up the lifes such as food weed seed, trample Object means, trial zone weeds removal rate reach 80% or more;Second is that poultry is while feeding weeds in field, a large amount of excreta Also enter farmland, soil of having increased fertilizer therewith, experimental data shows to increase 6%- before trial zone topsoil organic matter is relatively herded 13%;Third, unworthy weeds are transformed into high-end ecosystem poultry prod, there is higher economic output;Fourth, from source The use for having prevented herbicide on head is conducive to maintain good farmland ecosystem, ensures agricultural product quality and safety.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility, is included the following steps:
(1), pouity dwelling place fence and auxiliary facility are built:The fence for building 0.8-2m is enclosed in black fallow, in hidding and sunny side, is not accumulated Livestock and poultry canopy and nurse room are built in the relatively flat place of water, topography, and livestock and poultry canopy need to be equipped with livestock and poultry and rest, eats food, drinks water and lay eggs Facility, the trap (rattrap, mousetrap etc.) of eye-catcher is configured with around pouity dwelling place, and bait and repellent measure are set (such as spreading realgar) walks quickly and keeps away the poultry natural enemy such as class or trapping yellow weasel.
(2), poultry collocation decrement supplementary feeding excites weeding:It chooses the strong young chicken of Full-access immunization, disease resistance and (has fed 3 A month) and Adult Geese (having fed 5 months), chicken is put into according to 180/mu in fence, to ensure the growing nutrient of young chicken Demand, dusk supplement feed, supplementary feeding amount is daily 0.08-0.1kg/, and the supplementary feeding amount after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is every Its 0.075kg/ is only;Chicken is put two days later, according to chicken:Goose quantity is than 10:6 launch Adult Geese raises together with chicken, supplements raise to goose at dusk Material, supplement feed amount are daily 0.4-0.5kg/, and the feed magnitude of recruitment after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily 0.35kg/ The supplement feed of goose, chicken and goose feeds corn or/and millet;By reducing the feed supplement of poultry, excitation goose food grass, chicken plane the ground and eat The instinct of worm, grass-seed allows chicken and goose to adapt to the living environment of black fallow as early as possible, forms the rule for nest of coming out early and return late;
(3), Rapid Fermentation fertilizing and improving straw mulching:When dusk supplement feed, according to feeding quality, added in feed 0.5% intestinal fermentation bacterium accelerates fowl droppings fermenting speed.When poultry match weeding to black fallow earth's surface it is exposed be more than 20%, it is miscellaneous The weeds that careless tender leaf eats up, towers all trample in ground, plant height be less than 5cm, blade it is withered and yellow when, it is thick in Surface mulch 0.8cm Stalk (wheat, rice straw cut into the pipe nipple that length is less than 10cm), and stalk corruption is added by 0.2kg/ mus of dosage Ripe dose, while urea and 0.05% glucose solution that mass concentration is 4% are sprayed, until stalk surface wettability.
(4), it ploughs shallowly and is rebuild with ecological niche:It is raked the soil level one time with the baby tractor shallow-layer with tooth harrow, tooth harrow length is less than 10cm prevents excitation deep soil Teaching practice base.After raking the soil level clover, rational close planted, plant to be planted height are broadcasted sowing by 1.5kg/ mus When degree is more than 5cm, once a week in foliage-spray urea liquid, the mass concentration of urea liquid gradually increases to 5% from 1%, Make clover planting as early as possible, occupy ecological niche, the growth of other weeds, the mass concentration of urea liquid is inhibited to be passed with which kind of ratio Increase, can voluntarily be determined according to growing way.
(5), black fallow restores farming:When clover height is 10-15cm, maize intercropping of embarking on journey, by normal farming Management system carries out farming.
Embodiment 2
A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility, is included the following steps:
(1), pouity dwelling place fence and auxiliary facility are built:The fence for building 0.8-2m is enclosed in black fallow, in hidding and sunny side, is not accumulated Livestock and poultry canopy and nurse room are built in the relatively flat place of water, topography, and livestock and poultry canopy need to be equipped with livestock and poultry and rest, eats food, drinks water and lay eggs Facility, the trap (rattrap, mousetrap etc.) of eye-catcher is configured with around pouity dwelling place, and bait and repellent measure are set (such as spreading realgar) walks quickly and keeps away the poultry natural enemy such as class or trapping yellow weasel.
(2), poultry collocation decrement supplementary feeding excites weeding:It chooses the strong young chicken of Full-access immunization, disease resistance and (has fed 3 A month) and Adult Geese (having fed 5 months), chicken is put into according to 220/mu in fence, to ensure the growing nutrient of young chicken Demand, dusk supplement feed, supplementary feeding amount is daily 0.08-0.1kg/, and the supplementary feeding amount after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is every Its 0.075kg/ chicken;Chicken is put two days later, according to chicken:Goose quantity is than 10:6 launch Adult Geese raises together with chicken, is supplemented at dusk to goose Feed, supplement feed amount is daily 0.4-0.5kg/, and the feed magnitude of recruitment after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily The supplement feed of 0.35kg/ goose, chicken and goose feeds corn or/and millet;By reducing the feed supplement of poultry, excitation goose food grass, chicken It planes the ground and eats the instinct of worm, grass-seed, allow chicken and goose to adapt to the living environment of black fallow as early as possible, form the rule for nest of coming out early and return late;
(3), Rapid Fermentation fertilizing and improving straw mulching:When night supplement feed, according to feeding quality, added in feed 0.5% intestinal fermentation bacterium accelerates fowl droppings fermenting speed.When poultry match weeding to black fallow earth's surface it is exposed be more than 20%, it is miscellaneous The weeds that careless tender leaf eats up, towers all trample in ground, plant height be less than 5cm, blade it is withered and yellow when, it is thick in Surface mulch 1.5cm Stalk (wheat, rice straw cut into the pipe nipple that length is less than 10cm), and stalk corruption is added by 0.4kg/ mus of dosage Ripe dose, while urea and 0.15% glucose solution that mass concentration is 6% are sprayed, until stalk surface wettability;
(4), it ploughs shallowly and is rebuild with ecological niche:It is raked the soil level one time with the baby tractor shallow-layer with tooth harrow, tooth harrow length is less than 10cm prevents excitation deep soil Teaching practice base.After raking the soil level clover, rational close planted, plant to be planted height are broadcasted sowing by 2kg/ mus When more than 5cm, once a week in foliage-spray urea liquid, the mass concentration of urea liquid gradually increases to 5% from 1%, makes Clover planting as early as possible, occupies ecological niche, inhibits the growth of other weeds;
(5), black fallow restores farming:When clover height is 10-15cm, maize intercropping of embarking on journey, by normal farming Management system carries out farming.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, it should be understood that those skilled in the art are not necessarily to creative work It according to the present invention can conceive and make many modifications and variations.All technician in the art are under this invention's idea On the basis of existing technology by the available technical solution of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment, all should by In protection domain determined by claims.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 1. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste cleans, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
    (1), pouity dwelling place fence and auxiliary facility are built:The fence for building 0.8-2m is enclosed in black fallow, hidding and sunny side, not ponding, The relatively flat place of gesture build livestock and poultry canopy and nurse room, livestock and poultry canopy need to be equipped with livestock and poultry rest, eat food, drink water and lay eggs it is mating Facility;
    (2), poultry collocation decrement supplementary feeding excites weeding:The strong young chicken of Full-access immunization, disease resistance and Adult Geese are chosen, by chicken It is put into fence according to 180-220/mu, to ensure the growing nutrient demand of young chicken, dusk supplement feed, supplementary feeding amount is every Its 0.08-0.1kg/, and the supplementary feeding amount after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily 0.075kg/ chicken;It puts chicken two days later, presses According to chicken:Goose quantity ratio 10-15: 6 is launched Adult Geese and is raised together with chicken, and it is daily 0.4- to give goose supplement feed, supplement feed amount at dusk 0.5kg/, and the feed magnitude of recruitment after tapered dosage to 7-10 days is daily 0.35kg/ goose;By the benefit for reducing poultry Material, excitation goose food grass, chicken plane the ground and eat the instinct of worm, grass-seed, allow chicken and goose to adapt to the living environment of black fallow as early as possible, form and early go out The rule that evening goes back to the nest;
    (3), Rapid Fermentation fertilizing and improving straw mulching:When dusk supplement feed, intestinal fermentation bacterium is added, accelerates fowl droppings fermenting speed Degree;When poultry rational proportion weeding to the exposed weeds all tramples for being more than 20%, weeds tender leaf and eating up, towering of black fallow earth's surface When Yu Di, plant height are withered and yellow less than 5cm, blade, in the stalk of Surface mulch 0.8-1.5cm thickness, and by 0.2-0.4kg/ mus of agent Straw decomposing inoculant is added in amount, while spraying urea and 0.05-0.15% glucose solutions that mass concentration is 4-6%, until straw Stalk surface wettability;
    (4), it ploughs shallowly and is rebuild with ecological niche:Shallow-layer is raked the soil level one time, and clover, plant to be planted height are broadcasted sowing by 1.5-2kg/ mus after raking the soil level When more than 5cm, once a week in foliage-spray urea liquid, the mass concentration of urea liquid gradually increases to 5% from 1%, makes Clover planting as early as possible, occupies ecological niche, inhibits the growth of other weeds;
    (5), black fallow restores farming:When clover height is 10-15cm, maize intercropping of embarking on journey, by normal farming management System carries out farming.
  2. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 2. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 1 cleans, it is characterised in that:In pouity dwelling place Surrounding is configured with the trap of eye-catcher, and bait and repellent measure is arranged, and walks quickly and keeps away class or trapping yellow weasel.
  3. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 3. field biological according to claim 1 or claim 2 of letting a piece of farmland go to waste cleans, it is characterised in that:Step Suddenly the feeding time for the young chicken that (2) choose is 3 months, and the feeding time of Adult Geese is 5 months.
  4. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 4. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 3 cleans, it is characterised in that:Goose and chicken Feed be corn or millet.
  5. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 5. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 4 cleans, it is characterised in that:Chicken: goose Quantity ratio is 10: 6.
  6. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 6. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 5 cleans, it is characterised in that:According to feeding Expect quality, the additive amount of intestinal fermentation bacterium is 0.5% in step (3).
  7. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 7. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 6 cleans, it is characterised in that:The straw Stalk is rice or/and wheat stalk, cuts into the pipe nipple that length is less than 10cm.
  8. The method reclaimed with improvement of soil fertility 8. field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste according to claim 1 cleans, it is characterised in that:Shallow-layer is harrowed Ground uses the baby tractor with tooth harrow, tooth harrow length to be less than 10cm, prevents excitation deep soil Teaching practice base.
CN201610750908.3A 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 A method of field biological of letting a piece of farmland go to waste removal of impurities is reclaimed and improvement of soil fertility Expired - Fee Related CN106358485B (en)

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CN101548614B (en) * 2009-05-14 2011-04-20 王柘 Method for planting and processing organic tea
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