CN115212890A - 一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温scr脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温scr脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用。将低温SCR脱硝催化剂先于低温分解有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10‑30min后,干燥;所得产物再于耐高温有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10‑30min后,干燥;所得产物焙烧,得目标产物;焙烧温度高于低温有机前驱体的分解温度,低于耐高温有机前驱体的分解温度,这样内部有机层分解放出气体,将上层有机层冲破形成微孔层。本发明提供的催化剂中的微孔层不仅可以起到疏水的作用,而且不会影响气体与催化剂的接触,保证了催化剂的高效活性,达到高抗水的目的。本发明工艺简单,便于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,属于环保催化材料和大气污染治理技术领域。
背景技术
工业烟气脱硝一般在除尘脱硫之后,而此时烟气温度较低,一般在180℃以下,这就需要低温高效的脱硝催化剂。现有技术中大多采用湿法脱硫,烟气中含水量较高,最高可达20%。在高温下,水以水蒸气的形式流过催化剂,对催化剂的脱硝性能影响较小。然而在低温下,部分水会以液态的形式附着在催化剂表面,使催化剂的性能大幅下降。因此,低温环境下,催化剂不仅要有高活性,更重要的是要有高抗水性能。这也是限制低温催化剂发展的最为重要的因素之一。
发明内容
针对低温下烟气中高含水量对催化剂性能的严重影响,本发明提供一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,使得催化剂的低温高活性得到充分发挥,同时又排除了烟气中的水对催化剂的影响。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,制备方法包括如下步骤:先将低温SCR脱硝催化剂于低温分解有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10-30min后,干燥;再将所得产物于耐高温有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10-30min后,干燥;最后将所得产物焙烧,得目标产物;焙烧温度为高于低温有机前驱体的分解温度,低于耐高温有机前驱体的分解温度。
进一步的,上述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,所述低温分解有机前驱体选自硅油、三甲基氯硅烷或石蜡的一种或二种以上的组合。
进一步的,上述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,所述耐高温有机前驱体选自聚四氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/乙烯共聚物中的一种或二种以上的组合。
进一步的,上述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,所述低温SCR脱硝催化剂,是载体上负载有活性组分和催化助剂,所述活性组分是氧化镍和/或二氧化锰,制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将镍盐、锰盐或亚锰盐和催化助剂溶于水中,得浸渍液。
优选的,所述镍盐选自(CH3COO)2Ni·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、NiCl2·6H2O、NiSO4·7H2O或NiBr2·xH2O。
优选的,所述锰盐或亚锰盐选自(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O、Mn(NO3)2、MnCl2·4H2O、MnSO4·4H2O或MnBr2·4H2O。
优选的,所述催化助剂选自铈盐、偏钒酸盐、钒酸盐、钨酸盐、铜盐、亚铁盐、铁盐、钴盐、锆盐、钼酸盐、锡盐、锑盐、钐盐、钆盐、镨盐或钬盐中的一种或两种以上的组合。
2)将载体于浸渍液中浸渍10-30min,取出干燥,高温焙烧后,称重。
优选的,所述载体选自堇青石陶瓷、二氧化钛粉体、氧化铝粉体、氧化铝瓷球或活性炭。
优选的,所述高温焙烧是,温度为300-1000℃,焙烧时间为0.1-20h。
3)重复步骤2)浸渍、干燥和高温焙烧过程,直至活性组分和催化助剂的总负载量为,按质量百分比为载体质量的0.001-100%时,得目标催化剂。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明提供的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,微孔层由疏水有机成分构成,将制备好的低温SCR脱硝催化剂浸渍在低温分解有机前驱体溶液中,疏水有机成分通过化学键或分子间作用力与催化剂结合,紧密贴合而且作用力较强。然后再浸渍在耐高温有机前驱体溶液中,疏水有机成分依然通过化学键或分子间作用力与上层有机层结合。最后通过高温焙烧,使得产物内部有机层分解放出气体,将上层有机层冲破形成微孔层。
2、本发明提供的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,疏水层带有大量微米孔,既保证了气体能够顺利通过,又阻止了液态水在催化剂表面的吸附。
3、本发明提供的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,制备方法简单,便于实现工业化生产。
4、本发明提供的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,原料廉价易得,可大大降低生产成本,而且生产过程环保无污染,工业化应用前景良好。
5、本发明提供的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,通过对低温SCR脱硝催化剂进行改性,在催化剂表面修饰一层疏水层,该疏水层带有大量微米孔,既保证了气体能够顺利通过,又阻止了水蒸气在催化剂表面的吸附,使得催化剂的低温高活性得到充分发挥,同时又排除了烟气中的水对催化剂的影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂的原理图。
图2是实施例1制备的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂在150℃、20%含水量下的脱硝活性曲线。
图3是实施例1制备的低温SCR脱硝催化剂在150℃、20%含水量下的脱硝活性曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(一)低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备:
1、称取(CH3COO)2Ni·4H2O(16.6g,0.07mol)、(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O(40.83g,0.17mol)和C4H6CoO4·4H2O(16.6g,0.07mol)溶解在200mL去离子水中,充分搅拌,得浸渍液。
2、取载体堇青石陶瓷(浸泡前称重)于浸渍液中浸泡10min,取出,于120℃下干燥1h。干燥后放入坩埚,在马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h。称重,算出活性组分和催化助剂的负载量。
3、重复步骤2浸渍-干燥-高温焙烧过程,直至活性组分和催化助剂在载体表面的负载量为,按质量百分比为载体浸泡前质量的10-15%时,即制得低温SCR脱硝催化剂成品。
(二)高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备
1、称取1g硅油溶解在100mL正己烷中,得到低温分解有机前驱体溶液。
2、取低温SCR脱硝催化剂,先于步骤1得到的低温分解有机前驱体溶液中浸渍20min,取出,干燥,使溶剂挥发。
3、称取1g聚偏氟乙烯溶解在100mL1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中,得到耐高温有机前驱体溶液。
4、取步骤2浸渍后所得产物,再于步骤3所得耐高温有机前驱体溶液中浸渍20min,取出,干燥,使溶剂挥发。
5、将步骤4浸渍后得到的产物放置于马弗炉中,于420℃焙烧2h,得到高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂。
(三)应用
将(一)制备的低温SCR脱硝催化剂和(二)制备的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂分别固定于管式炉中,通入模拟尾气(成分为1300mg/m3NO、1300mg/m3NH3和5%O2,其余为氮气,含水量为20%),空速为9000h-1,测试温度为150℃。结果如表1、图2和图3。
表1
由表1、图2和图3可见,低温SCR脱硝催化剂在未经高抗水改性微孔层修饰前,当尾气中不含水蒸气时,氮氧化物脱除率为100%。当尾气中加入20%的水蒸气时,水蒸气会在催化剂表面集聚,占据活性位点,降低催化剂的脱硝活性。随着时间延长,大量水分覆盖在催化剂表面,显著降低其脱硝活性。而高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂后,水蒸气对催化剂的脱硝性能没有任何影响,表明高抗水改性微孔层阻止了水蒸气在催化剂表面的吸附,同时保证了气体能够顺利通过,使得催化剂的低温高活性得到充分发挥。
实施例2
(一)低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备:
1、称取Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(25.4g,0.09mol)、(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O(61.2g,0.25mol)、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(16g,0.04mol)、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O(11.1g,0.03mol)溶解在200mL去离子水中,充分搅拌,得浸渍液。
2、取载体氧化铝瓷球(浸泡前称重)于浸渍液中浸泡30min,取出,于120℃下干燥1h。干燥后放入坩埚,在马弗炉中600℃焙烧8h。称重,算出活性组分和催化助剂的负载量。
3、重复步骤2浸渍-干燥-高温焙烧过程,直至活性组分和催化助剂在载体表面的负载量为,按质量百分比为载体浸泡前质量的20-25%时,即制得低温SCR脱硝催化剂成品。
(二)高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备
1、称取1g石蜡溶解在100mL二甲苯中,得到低温分解有机前驱体溶液。
2、取低温SCR脱硝催化剂,先于步骤1得到的低温分解有机前驱体溶液中浸渍20min,取出,干燥,使溶剂挥发。
3、称取1g聚偏氟乙烯溶解在100mL二甲基乙酰胺中,得到耐高温有机前驱体溶液。
4、取步骤2浸渍后所得产物,再于步骤3所得耐高温有机前驱体溶液中浸渍20min,取出,干燥,使溶剂挥发。
5、将步骤4浸渍后得到的产物放置于马弗炉中,于350℃焙烧2h,得到高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂。
(三)应用
将(一)制备的低温SCR脱硝催化剂和(二)制备的高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂分别固定于管式炉中,通入模拟尾气(成分为1300mg/m3NO、1300mg/m3NH3和5%O2,其余为氮气,含水量为10%),空速为9000h-1,测试温度为180℃。结果如表2。
表2
由表2可见,高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂后,阻止了水蒸气在催化剂表面的吸附,同时保证了气体能够顺利通过,显著改善了催化剂的脱硝性能,完美解决了目前低温SCR脱硝催化剂面临的不抗水问题。
Claims (10)
1.一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,制备方法包括如下步骤:先将低温SCR脱硝催化剂于低温分解有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10-30min后,干燥;再将所得产物于耐高温有机前驱体溶液中浸渍10-30min后,干燥;最后将所得产物焙烧,得目标产物;焙烧温度为高于低温有机前驱体的分解温度,低于耐高温有机前驱体的分解温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述低温分解有机前驱体选自硅油、三甲基氯硅烷或石蜡的一种或二种以上的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述耐高温有机前驱体选自聚四氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/乙烯共聚物中的一种或二种以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述低温SCR脱硝催化剂,是载体上负载有活性组分和催化助剂,所述活性组分是氧化镍和/或二氧化锰,制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将镍盐、锰盐或亚锰盐和催化助剂溶于水中,得浸渍液;
2)将载体于浸渍液中浸渍10-30min,取出干燥,高温焙烧后,称重;
3)重复步骤2)浸渍、干燥和高温焙烧过程,直至活性组分和催化助剂的总负载量为,按质量百分比为载体质量的0.001-100%时,得目标催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述镍盐选自(CH3COO)2Ni·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、NiCl2·6H2O、NiSO4·7H2O或NiBr2·xH2O。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述锰盐或亚锰盐选自(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O、Mn(NO3)2、MnCl2·4H2O、MnSO4·4H2O或MnBr2·4H2O。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化助剂选自铈盐、偏钒酸盐、钒酸盐、钨酸盐、铜盐、亚铁盐、铁盐、钴盐、锆盐、钼酸盐、锡盐、锑盐、钐盐、钆盐、镨盐或钬盐中的一种或两种以上的组合。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述载体选自堇青石陶瓷、二氧化钛粉体、氧化铝粉体、氧化铝瓷球或活性炭。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂,其特征在于,所述高温焙烧是,温度为300-1000℃,焙烧时间为0.1-20h。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种高抗水改性微孔层修饰低温SCR脱硝催化剂在工业含水烟气脱硝中的应用。
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