CN114946558A - Method for sowing and seedling raising of holly - Google Patents
Method for sowing and seedling raising of holly Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946558A CN114946558A CN202210643527.0A CN202210643527A CN114946558A CN 114946558 A CN114946558 A CN 114946558A CN 202210643527 A CN202210643527 A CN 202210643527A CN 114946558 A CN114946558 A CN 114946558A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of holly planting, in particular to a holly sowing and seedling raising method which comprises the steps of seed treatment, ridging and soil preparation, sowing and earthing and field management in stages. According to different requirements of the roughhaired holly for trace elements in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of seedling growth after germination, the proportion of N, P, K in the fertilizer applied in different periods is adjusted, the fertilizing amount can be reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the balanced growth of all germinated roughhaired holly seedlings can be ensured, the growth speed is kept consistent, the capability of resisting basal rot of the roughhaired holly seedlings can be effectively improved, and the emergence rate of qualified roughhaired holly seedlings is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of holly planting, in particular to a holly sowing and seedling method.
Background
The holly root is ilex latifolia (L.) Gaertn of ilex of Aquifoliaceae. The roughhaired holly root is one of the main raw materials of a medicine, namely cold granules, and a health product, such as Guangdong herbal tea, and the like, and the dosage of the roughhaired holly root is large every year. Due to the continuous cutting of the existing resources, the reserve amount of wild resources is reduced sharply. In order to ensure the supply of resources, a large amount of artificial planting is required to ensure the market supply.
At present, the common holly seedling raising mode in the market is a mode of seeding seeds by manual direct seeding of a seedbed, the seedling raising mode can cause irregular seedling emergence of holly seedlings, and the seedling dense area is easy to cause symptoms such as basal rot and the like, and finally the emergence rate of qualified holly seedlings is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect of low rate of emergence of the seedling raising mode of the holly in the prior art, thereby providing a seeding and seedling raising method of the holly.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for sowing and seedling raising of holly, which comprises the following steps:
seed treatment: soaking the seeds of the roughhaired holly in 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 30 minutes, then abandoning the liquid medicine, taking the treated seeds and sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 3, stacking and storing at room temperature, and turning and watering the seeds once every 5 days;
ridging and soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1-1.2 meters, the height of a ridge is 20-40 cm, and the width of a furrow is 30-40 cm;
sowing and covering soil: sowing the seeds of the holly seeds mixed with the sand obtained in the seed treatment step by using a sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 12-18 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering on the surfaces of the seeds after the sowing is 0.5-1.0 cm, until the seeds are not seen;
field management: applying a first fertilizer and a rooting agent 1-2 months after the seeds of the holly blossoms, wherein the weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1: 3, the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, fertilizing for 2-4 times per month; applying a second fertilizer 3-4 months after the seeds of the holly blossoms, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, fertilizing for 2-4 times per month; applying a third fertilizer 5 months after the germination of the seeds of the roughhaired holly and during the period of the roughhaired holly seedlings leaving the nursery, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: and (22) fertilizing for 2-4 times per month until the seedlings of the holly are outplanted.
Optionally, still include before the ridging soil preparation step and install liquid manure device: the main water pipe is buried in the field, the buried depth is 80cm, the vertical spray head pipes are vertically arranged on the main water pipe, the distance between every two adjacent vertical spray head pipes is 8m, and the height of each vertical spray head pipe is 1.5 m.
Optionally, the field management steps are performed by fertilizing through a water and fertilizer device, and the first fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer are liquid fertilizers prepared by diluting the solid fertilizers with water by 800-fold and 1200-fold according to the weight ratio.
Optionally, the fertilizing amount of the liquid fertilizer is 20-30 m 3 /hm 2 。
Optionally, the spray radius of the shower head stand pipe is 5 m.
Optionally, the sowing depth in the sowing and earthing step is 1.6-2.4 cm, and each ridge is sown for 6 rows.
Optionally, the tail of the seeder is provided with a soil covering plate, the difference between the width of the soil covering plate and the width of the ridge surface is not more than 10cm, and the bottom surface of the soil covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface in the working process of the seeder.
Optionally, the seeding amount in the seeding and earthing step is 30-75 kg/hm 2 。
Optionally, the seeding amount in the seeding and earthing step is 60kg/hm 2 。
Optionally, the row spacing of the seeds in the seeding and earthing step is 15 cm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method for sowing and raising the seedlings of the roughhaired holly provided by the invention, the proportion of N, P, K in the fertilizer applied in different periods is adjusted according to different requirements of the roughhaired holly on trace elements in the initial, middle and later periods of seedling growth after germination, so that the fertilizing amount can be reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the balanced growth of all germinated roughhaired holly seedlings can be ensured, the growth speed is kept consistent, the capability of resisting the basal rot of the roughhaired holly seedlings can be effectively improved, and the emergence rate of qualified roughhaired holly seedlings can be improved.
2. According to the method for sowing and seedling raising of the roughhaired holly provided by the invention, the water and fertilizer device is arranged, the main water pipe and the nozzle vertical pipe are buried in the field for spraying, watering and fertilizing the roughhaired holly, the labor amount for fertilizing can be greatly reduced, and the cost of manpower and material resources is saved.
3. According to the method for sowing and seedling raising of the roughhaired holly provided by the invention, the earth covering plate is arranged at the tail part of the seeder, the difference between the width of the earth covering plate and the width of a ridge surface is not more than 10cm, and the bottom surface of the earth covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface in the working process of the seeder. After the seeds arrive at the ridge surface, the floating soil on the ridge surface is covered on the seed surface by utilizing the soil covering plate, the seeds are automatically buried under the floating soil, the soil covering depth of the roughhaired holly seeds can be controlled to be consistent, the growth space of the roughhaired holly seeds is consistent, the roughhaired holly seeds can be guaranteed to be capable of smoothly unearthed after germination while the roughhaired holly seeds can smoothly germinate under the soil, the death of the roughhaired holly seeds caused by incapability of germination or unearthed roughhaired holly seeds is reduced, and the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly seeds with the same sowing quantity can be improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
1. Seed treatment
And (3) soaking the collected fresh holly seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, and then performing normal-temperature wet sand storage management, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature shade storehouse, and performing post-management on the seeds of the roughhaired holly: turning over and watering the seeds once every 5 days to prevent the seeds at the bottom from burning out due to heating and keep the humidity of the seeds.
2. Installation liquid manure device
And (4) mounting the water and fertilizer integrated device in the holly planting land in 9-11 months, and burying the main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. The installation of the vertical pipes of the ground spray head is carried out according to the line spacing of 8m to 8m, the height of the vertical pipes of the spray head is 1.5m, and the water pressure of a main pump, a main pipeline and a spray pipe is ensured to ensure that the spray diameter of the spray head is 10 m. An automatic back-flushing laminated filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) is matched and installed on the main water pipeline, so that the fertilizer water blockage is prevented.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
And after the holly planting land water and fertilizer integrated device is installed for 11-12 months, mechanically preparing the planting seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.0m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, the width of a furrow is 35cm, and a tractor with 70 horsepower is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are maintained, and the land water and fertilizer integrated device is in place at one time.
4. Seeding earthing
12 months to the next 1 month, after the seeding seedbed and the furrow are finished, the tractor with the horsepower of 70 is also used for driving the automatic seeding drill seeder, and the roughhaired holly seeds are sowed in a full-mechanical drill seeding mode. And adding the roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step into a seed hopper of a seeder. The seeding rate is 60kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the sowing machine is controlled to be 15cm, 6 rows can be sowed on each ridge, and the sowing depth is 2 cm. The earthing plate is installed to the seeder afterbody, the difference of earthing plate width and ridge face width is not more than 10cm, in the seeder working process, the earthing plate bottom surface with ridge face contact, back in the soil of the 2cm degree of depth is sowed to the holly seed that will thoughtlessly have the sand to the seeder, and the earthing plate covers the seed top with the soil of seed both sides, is 0.5cm at seed surface earthing thickness after the seeding, and earthing thickness accessible earthing plate's inclination and earthing plate's weight are controlled, and earthing thickness is with the invisible seed degree. The rear part of the seeder is provided with a raking and soil covering function, so that the emergence rate of the holly can be improved.
5. Management of field
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
Within 1-2 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated, the first fertilizer and the rooting agent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, and the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, mixing the two, adding water to dilute 1000 times, and spraying by a water and fertilizer device to apply fertilizer, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
Applying a second fertilizer 3-4 months after the seed of the holly leaves germinates, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, adding water into the second fertilizer to dilute 1000 times, and spraying the fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 2 times per month.
After the seeds of the roughhaired holly root germinateAfter 5 months and during the period of seedling formation, a third fertilizer is applied, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: 22, adding water to dilute the third fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the third fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 2 times per month. And (4) outplanting until the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualified standard, and transplanting the qualified seedlings in 2-5 months in the next year.
Example 2
1. Seed treatment
And (3) soaking the collected fresh holly seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, and then performing normal-temperature wet sand storage management, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: 3, stacking in a ventilated room-temperature shade storehouse, and performing post-management on the seeds of the roughhaired holly: turning over and watering the seeds once every 5 days to prevent the seeds at the bottom from burning out due to heating and keep the humidity of the seeds.
2. Installation liquid manure device
And (4) mounting the water and fertilizer integrated device in the holly planting land in 9-11 months, and burying the main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. The vertical pipes of the ground spray heads are installed according to the line spacing of 8m to 8m, the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of a main pump, a main pipeline and a spray pipe is ensured to ensure that the spraying diameter of the spray heads is 10 m. An automatic back-flushing laminated filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) is matched and installed on the main water pipeline, so that the fertilizer water blockage is prevented.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
And after the holly planting land water and fertilizer integrated device is installed for 11-12 months, mechanically preparing the planting seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.0m, the height of the ridge is 40cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and a tractor with 70 horsepower is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are maintained, and the land water and fertilizer integrated device is in place at one time.
4. Seeding earthing
12 months to the next 1 month, after the seeding seedbed and the furrow are finished, the tractor with the horsepower of 70 is also used for driving the automatic seeding drill seeder, and the roughhaired holly seeds are sowed in a full-mechanical drill seeding mode. Sand-bearing particles obtained in the step of treating seedsSeed roughhaired holly seeds are added into a seed hopper of the sowing machine. The seeding rate is 30kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the sowing machine is controlled to be 12cm, 6 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the sowing depth is 1.6 cm. The earthing plate is installed to the seeder afterbody, the difference of earthing plate width and ridge face width is not more than 10cm, and the earthing plate width is 1m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface, after the seeder seeds the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand are sowed in the soil with the depth of 1.6cm, the covering plate covers the soil on the two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the thickness of the covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing is 1.0cm, the thickness of the covering soil can be controlled by the inclination angle of the covering plate and the weight of the covering plate, and the thickness of the covering soil is controlled by the seed missing degree. The rear part of the seeder is provided with a raking and soil covering function, so that the emergence rate of the holly can be improved.
5. Management of field
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
Within 1-2 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated, the first fertilizer and the rooting agent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, and the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, mixing the two, adding water to dilute 1000 times, and spraying by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 2 times per month.
Applying a second fertilizer 3-4 months after the seed of the holly leaves germinates, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, adding water into the second fertilizer to dilute 1000 times, and spraying the fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 4 times per month.
And after 5 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated and during the period of seedling formation, applying a third fertilizer, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: 22, adding water to dilute the third fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the third fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 4 times per month. And (4) outplanting until the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualified standard, and transplanting the qualified seedlings in 2-5 months in the next year.
Example 3
1. Seed treatment
And (3) soaking the collected pure seeds of the new roughhaired holly at the end of 8 months in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection treatment, and then carrying out normal-temperature wet sand storage management, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: 1, stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature cool warehouse, and performing post-management on the seeds of the roughhaired holly: and turning over and watering the seeds once every 5 days to prevent the seeds at the bottom from burning out due to heating and keep the humidity of the seeds.
2. Installation liquid manure device
And (4) mounting the water and fertilizer integrated device in the holly planting land in 9-11 months, and burying the main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. The vertical pipes of the ground spray heads are installed according to the line spacing of 8m to 8m, the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of a main pump, a main pipeline and a spray pipe is ensured to ensure that the spraying diameter of the spray heads is 10 m. An automatic back-flushing laminated filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) is matched and installed on the main water pipeline, so that the fertilizer water blockage is prevented.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
And after the holly planting land water and fertilizer integrated device is installed for 11-12 months, mechanically preparing a planting seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, wherein the ridge surface width is 1.2m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the furrow width is 40cm, driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate by using a tractor with 70 horsepower, and keeping the parallelism and linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow in place at one time.
4. Seeding earthing
12 months-1 month in the next year, and after the seeding seedbed and the furrow are finished, the tractor with the horsepower of 70 is also used for driving the automatic seeding drill seeder to seed the holly seeds in a fully-mechanized drilling mode. And adding the roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step into a seed hopper of a seeder. The seeding rate is 75kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the sowing machine is controlled to be 18cm, 6 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the sowing depth is 2.4 cm. The earthing plate is installed to the seeder afterbody, the difference of earthing plate width and ridge face width is not more than 10cm, and the earthing plate width is 1.2m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface, after the seeder seeds mixed with sand are sown in the soil with the depth of 2.4cm, the covering plate seeds the soil on two sides of the seedsThe soil covers the seeds, the thickness of the soil covering on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing is 0.5cm, the thickness of the soil covering can be controlled by the inclination angle of the soil covering plate and the weight of the soil covering plate, and the thickness of the soil covering is controlled by the degree that the seeds cannot be seen. The rear part of the seeder is provided with a raking and soil covering function, so that the emergence rate of the holly can be improved.
5. Management of field
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
Within 1-2 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated, the first fertilizer and the rooting agent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, and the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, mixing the two, adding water to dilute 1000 times, and spraying by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
Applying a second fertilizer 3-4 months after the seed of the holly leaves germinates, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, adding water into the second fertilizer to dilute 1000 times, and spraying the fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 2 times per month.
And after the ilex asprella seeds germinate for 5 months and during the period from seedling formation, applying a third fertilizer, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: 22, adding water to dilute the third fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the third fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 2 times per month. And (4) outplanting until the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualified standard, and transplanting the qualified seedlings in 2-5 months in the next year.
Example 4
1. Seed treatment
And (3) soaking the collected fresh holly seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, and then performing normal-temperature wet sand storage management, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature shade storehouse, and performing post-management on the seeds of the roughhaired holly: turning over and watering the seeds once every 5 days to prevent the seeds at the bottom from burning out due to heating and keep the humidity of the seeds.
2. Installation liquid manure device
And (4) mounting the water and fertilizer integrated device in the holly planting land in 9-11 months, and burying the main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. The vertical pipes of the ground spray heads are installed according to the line spacing of 8m to 8m, the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of a main pump, a main pipeline and a spray pipe is ensured to ensure that the spraying diameter of the spray heads is 10 m. An automatic back-flushing laminated filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) is matched and installed on the main water pipeline, so that the fertilizer water blockage is prevented.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
And after the holly planting land water and fertilizer integrated device is installed for 11-12 months, mechanically preparing the planting seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.1m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, the width of a furrow is 35cm, and a tractor with 70 horsepower is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are maintained, and the land water and fertilizer integrated device is in place at one time.
4. Seeding earthing
12 months to the next 1 month, after the seeding seedbed and the furrow are finished, the tractor with the horsepower of 70 is also used for driving the automatic seeding drill seeder, and the roughhaired holly seeds are sowed in a full-mechanical drill seeding mode. And adding the roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step into a seed hopper of a seeder. The seeding rate is 60kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the sowing machine is controlled to be 15cm, 7 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the sowing depth is 2.0 cm. The earthing plate is installed to the seeder afterbody, the difference of earthing plate width and ridge face width is not more than 10cm, and the earthing plate width is 1.1m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface, after the seeder seeds the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand are sowed in the soil with the depth of 2.0cm, the covering plate covers the soil on the two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the thickness of the covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing is 0.8cm, the thickness of the covering soil can be controlled by the inclination angle of the covering plate and the weight of the covering plate, and the thickness of the covering soil is controlled by the seed missing degree. The rear part of the seeder is provided with a raking and soil covering function, so that the emergence rate of the holly can be improved.
5. Management of field
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
The first fertilizer and the rooting agent are mixed according to the proportion within 1-2 months after the seeds of the roughhaired holly root germinateThe weight ratio is 1: 3, and the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, mixing the two, adding water to dilute 1000 times, and spraying by a water and fertilizer device to apply fertilizer, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
And applying a second fertilizer 3-4 months after the ilex asprella seeds germinate, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, adding water into the second fertilizer to dilute 1000 times, and spraying the fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 3 times per month.
And after the ilex asprella seeds germinate for 5 months and during the period from seedling formation, applying a third fertilizer, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: 22, adding water to dilute the third fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the third fertilizer by a water and fertilizer device for fertilization, wherein the water and fertilizer application amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilization was performed 3 times per month. And (4) outplanting the roughhaired holly seedlings after the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualified standard, and transplanting the qualified seedlings in 2-5 months in the next year.
Comparative example 1
During field management, compound fertilizer (containing N15%, P) is applied all the time 2 O 5 15％、K 2 O15%; purchased from Ya International Co., Ltd. -produced by Norway), diluted 1000 times with water, and the amount of applied water and fertilizer is 25m 3 /hm 2 2 times per month. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
During the period of sowing and earthing, no earthing plate is added at the tail part of the sowing machine, and other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The quality of the qualified seedlings of the roughhaired holly cultivated in the comparative examples 1-4 and 1-2 is shown in the table 1
According to the comparison between the comparative example 1 and the example 1, the application of different fertilizers at different periods during the period from the germination of the seeds of the roughhaired holly to the transplanting of the seedlings can greatly improve the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly and reduce the quantity of the basal rot of the roughhaired holly seedlings compared with the application of the same fertilizer at each period. According to the different demands of the seedling after the seed of the roughhaired holly to the fertilizer and the trace elements in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the growth of the seedling, the water fertilizer is scientifically proportioned and applied, the labor amount for fertilization is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, all the germinated roughhaired holly seedlings can grow evenly, and the consistent growth speed is kept. Not only saves a large amount of manpower and material costs, but also effectively improves the emergence rate of qualified holly seedlings, which can reach more than 90 percent, and simultaneously can increase the capacity of the holly seedlings for resisting basal rot.
According to the comparison between the comparative example 2 and the example 1, after the covering plate is additionally arranged on the seeder, the covering plate is utilized to automatically cover the roughhaired holly seeds under the soil, so that the germination rate of the roughhaired holly seeds can be improved, and the quantity of the roughhaired holly root rot can be reduced.
According to the comparison results of the examples 1 to 4, the seedling emergence rate and the number of qualified seedlings of the roughhaired holly can be obviously improved by sowing and raising the seedlings fully mechanically. Wherein the mechanical seeding density is controlled at 60kg/hm 2 The rate of emergence and the number of qualified seedlings are the highest.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed treatment: soaking the seeds of the roughhaired holly in 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 30 minutes, then abandoning the liquid medicine, taking the treated seeds and sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 3, stacking and storing at room temperature, and turning and watering the seeds once every 5 days;
ridging and soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.0-1.2 m, the height of a ridge is 20-40 cm, and the width of a furrow is 30-40 cm;
sowing and covering soil: sowing the seeds of the holly seeds mixed with the sand obtained in the seed treatment step by using a sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 12-18 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering on the surfaces of the seeds after the sowing is 0.5-1.0 cm, until the seeds are not seen;
field management: applying a first fertilizer and a rooting agent 1-2 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated, wherein the weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1: 3, the molar content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9: 80: 50, fertilizing for 1-2 times per month; applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after the seeds of the holly are germinated, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9: 20: 22, fertilizing for 2-4 times per month; applying a third fertilizer 5 months after the germination of the seeds of the roughhaired holly and during the period of outplanting the roughhaired holly seedlings, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9: 24: and (22) fertilizing for 2-4 times per month until the seedlings of the holly are outplanted.
2. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of installing a water and fertilizer device before the step of ridging and preparing soil: the method comprises the steps of burying a main water pipe in a field, wherein the buried pipe depth is 80cm, vertically installing vertical spray head pipes on the main water pipe, enabling the distance between every two adjacent vertical spray head pipes to be 8m, and enabling the height of each vertical spray head pipe to be 1.5 m.
3. The method for sowing and seedling raising of the holly roots as claimed in claim 2, wherein the field management step comprises the step of applying fertilizer through the water and fertilizer device, and the first fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer are liquid fertilizers prepared by diluting solid fertilizers with water by 800-fold weight ratio and 1200-fold weight ratio.
4. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizing amount of the liquid fertilizer is 20-30 m 3 /hm 2 。
5. The method for sowing and seedling raising of roughhaired holly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the spraying radius of the vertical pipe of the spray head is 5 m.
6. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sowing depth in the sowing and earthing step is 1.6-2.4 cm, and 6 rows are sown per ridge.
7. The method for sowing and seedling raising of the roughhaired holly roots according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a soil covering plate is installed at the tail of the sowing machine, the width of the soil covering plate is not more than 10cm different from the width of the ridge surface, and the bottom surface of the soil covering plate is in surface contact with the ridge surface during the operation of the sowing machine.
8. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the sowing amount in the sowing and earthing step is 30-75 kg/hm 2 。
9. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to claim 8, wherein the sowing amount in the sowing and earthing step is 60kg/hm 2 。
10. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of holly according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the row spacing of the seeds sowed in the sowing and earthing step is 15 cm.
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