CN114946558B - Method for sowing and raising roughhaired holly seedlings - Google Patents
Method for sowing and raising roughhaired holly seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946558B CN114946558B CN202210643527.0A CN202210643527A CN114946558B CN 114946558 B CN114946558 B CN 114946558B CN 202210643527 A CN202210643527 A CN 202210643527A CN 114946558 B CN114946558 B CN 114946558B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of roughhaired holly planting, in particular to a roughhaired holly seeding and seedling raising method which comprises the steps of seed treatment, ridging and soil preparation, seeding and soil covering and staged field management. According to the method, the proportion of N, P, K in fertilizer applied in different periods is adjusted according to the different requirements of the post-germination seedlings on microelements in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage, the fertilizer application amount can be reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the balanced growth of all the post-germination seedlings can be ensured, the consistency of the growth speed is maintained, the stem rot resistance of the post-germination seedlings can be effectively improved, and the emergence rate of qualified post-germination seedlings is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of holly planting, in particular to a holly seeding and seedling raising method.
Background
The Ilicis Asprellae is ilex latifolia (L.) Pallas of ilex of Aquifoliaceae. The roughhaired holly is one of main raw materials of products such as medicines, health products and the like, and the annual consumption is large. The wild resource reserve decreases dramatically due to the constant felling of existing resources. In order to ensure the supply of resources, a large amount of planting is needed manually to ensure market supply.
At present, a common roughhaired holly seedling raising mode in the market adopts a seed sowing mode of manual direct seeding of a seedling bed to raise seedlings, the seedling raising mode can cause irregular seedling emergence of roughhaired holly seedlings, stem basal rot and other symptoms are easy to occur in a seedling-intensive area, and finally, the qualified roughhaired holly seedlings are low in seedling emergence rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defect of low emergence rate of the roughhaired holly seedling raising mode in the prior art, thereby providing a roughhaired holly seeding and raising method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a roughhaired holly seeding and seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
seed treatment: soaking roughhaired holly seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30 minutes, then discarding the liquid medicine, taking the volume ratio of the treated seeds to sand to be 1:1-1:3, stacking and storing at room temperature, and carrying out stirring and watering treatment on the seeds every 5 days;
ridging and soil preparation: deeply turning the land, wherein the ridge surface is 1-1.2 meters wide, the ridge height is 20-40cm, and the furrow width is 30-40cm;
sowing and earthing: taking the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand obtained in the seed treatment step, sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 12-18cm, and the thickness of soil covered on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing is 0.5-1.0cm, so that the seeds are not seen;
and (3) field management: during 1-2 months after the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, a first fertilizer and a rooting agent are applied, wherein the weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, fertilizing 2-4 times per month; applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, fertilizing 2-4 times per month; applying a third fertilizer 5 months after the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the period of the roughhaired holly seedlings out of the nursery, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24: and 22, fertilizing for 2-4 times per month until the roughhaired holly seedlings are out of the nursery.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step of installing a water and fertilizer device before the ridging and soil preparation step: the main water pipe is buried in the field, the depth of the buried pipe is 80cm, the spray nozzle stand pipes are vertically arranged on the main water pipe, the distance between the adjacent spray nozzle stand pipes is 8m, and the height of the spray nozzle stand pipes is 1.5m.
Optionally, the field management step is to fertilize by a water and fertilizer device, and the first fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer are all liquid fertilizers prepared by diluting solid fertilizers with water by 800-1200 times according to the weight ratio.
Optionally, the fertilizing amount of the liquid fertilizer is 20-30m 3 /hm 2 。
Optionally, the spray radius of the spray head riser is 5m.
Optionally, the sowing depth in the sowing and soil covering step is 1.6-2.4cm, and 6 rows are sown in each ridge.
Optionally, the rear part of the seeder is provided with a soil covering plate, the width of the soil covering plate is not more than 10cm different from the width of the ridge surface, and the bottom surface of the soil covering plate is contacted with the ridge surface in the working process of the seeder.
Optionally, the seeding rate in the seeding and soil covering step is 30-75kg/hm 2 。
Alternatively, the seeding rate in the seeding and soil covering step is 60kg/hm 2 。
Alternatively, the row spacing of the sowing in the sowing and soil covering step is 15cm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the post-emergence seedling sowing and raising method provided by the invention, the proportion of N, P, K in the fertilizer applied in different periods is adjusted according to the different requirements of post-emergence seedlings on microelements in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage, so that the fertilizer application amount can be reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the balanced growth of all post-emergence seedlings can be ensured, the consistency of the growth speed can be maintained, the stem rot resistance of the post-emergence seedlings can be effectively improved, and the emergence rate of qualified post-emergence seedlings can be improved.
2. According to the roughhaired holly seeding and seedling method provided by the invention, the water and fertilizer device is arranged, and the main water pipe and the spray head vertical pipe are buried in the field to spray water and fertilize the roughhaired holly, so that the labor amount for fertilization can be greatly reduced, and the cost of manpower and material resources can be saved.
3. According to the roughhaired holly sowing and seedling raising method provided by the invention, the earthing plate is arranged at the tail part of the sowing machine, the width of the earthing plate is not more than 10cm from the width of the ridge surface, and the bottom surface of the earthing plate is contacted with the ridge surface in the working process of the sowing machine. After seeds are planted on the ridge surfaces, the soil covering plate is utilized to cover the floating soil on the ridge surfaces on the surfaces of the seeds, the seeds are automatically buried under the floating soil, the covering depth of the roughhaired holly seeds can be controlled to be consistent, the growth space after the roughhaired holly seeds sprout is consistent, smooth sprouting of the roughhaired holly seeds under the soil is ensured, smooth soil emergence of the roughhaired holly seeds after sprouting is ensured, the dead roughhaired holly seeds which cannot sprout or cannot emerge after sprouting are reduced, and the seedling emergence rate of roughhaired holly can be improved when the same seeding amount is achieved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described herein, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, any product which is the same or similar to the present invention, whether in light of the present teachings or in combination with other prior art features, falls within the scope of the present invention.
The specific experimental procedures or conditions are not noted in the examples and may be followed by the operations or conditions of conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional reagent products commercially available without the manufacturer's knowledge.
Example 1
1. Seed treatment
After the collected new sentry Mei Chun seeds are soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, normal-temperature wet sand storage management is carried out, and the volume ratio of the seeds to sand is 1:1, stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature cool warehouse, and post-managing the roughhaired holly seeds: the seeds are turned and watered once every 5 days, so that the bottom seeds are prevented from being heated and burned, and the humidity of the seeds is kept.
2. Water and fertilizer installation device
And 9-11 months, installing a water and fertilizer integrated device in the roughhaired holly sowing land, and burying a main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. And (3) installing the vertical pipes of the ground spray heads according to the row spacing 8m x 8m, wherein the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of the main pump, the main pipeline and the spray pipes is ensured to enable the spray diameter of the spray heads to be 10m. The main water pipeline is matched with an automatic backflushing lamination filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) to prevent and treat the blockage of the fertilizer water.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
After the water and fertilizer integrated device for the sowed plots of the plums to be sentry is installed for 11-12 months, the sowing seedbed is mechanically prepared, rotary tillage and ridging are carried out according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, the ridge surface width is 1.0m, the ridge height is 30cm, the furrow width is 35cm, and a 70-horsepower tractor is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and the linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are kept, and the position is once reached.
4. Sowing earthing
After the seeding of the seedbed and the furrows is completed, the automatic seeding drill is driven by a tractor with 70 horsepower to sow the roughhaired holly seeds in a fully mechanical drill mode after 12 months-1 month in the next year. The roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step are added to the seed hopper of the planter. The sowing quantity is 60kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the seeder is controlled at 15cm, 6 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the seeding depth is 2cm. The rear part of the seeder is provided with a soil covering plate, the width difference between the soil covering plate and the ridge surface is not more than 10cm, and in the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the soil covering plate is equal to the ridge surfaceThe surface contact, after the seeder is used for seeding the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand into the soil with the depth of 2cm, the soil covering plate covers the soil on two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the soil covering thickness on the surfaces of the seeds after seeding is 0.5cm, the soil covering thickness can be controlled through the inclination angle of the soil covering plate and the weight of the soil covering plate, and the soil covering thickness is equal to the thickness of the seeds. The rear of the seeder is provided with a harrowing and earthing function, so that the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly can be improved.
5. Field management
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
The weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, after the two are evenly mixed, adding water for dilution by 1000 times, spraying and fertilizing by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
Applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, after the second fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the second fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water and fertilizer device, and the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 2 times per month.
Applying a third fertilizer after 5 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the seedling period, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24:22, after the third fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the water fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water fertilizer device, and the water fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 2 times per month. And (3) after the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualification standard, the roughhaired holly seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery, and qualified seedling transplanting work can be carried out in 2-5 months of the next year.
Example 2
1. Seed treatment
After the collected new sentry Mei Chun seeds are soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, normal-temperature wet sand storage management is carried out, and the volume ratio of the seeds to sand is 1:3, stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature cool warehouse, and performing post management on roughhaired holly seeds: the seeds are turned and watered once every 5 days, so that the bottom seeds are prevented from being heated and burned, and the humidity of the seeds is kept.
2. Water and fertilizer installation device
And 9-11 months, installing a water and fertilizer integrated device in the roughhaired holly sowing land, and burying a main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. And (3) installing the vertical pipes of the ground spray heads according to the row spacing 8m x 8m, wherein the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of the main pump, the main pipeline and the spray pipes is ensured to enable the spray diameter of the spray heads to be 10m. The main water pipeline is matched with an automatic backflushing lamination filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) to prevent and treat the blockage of the fertilizer water.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
After the water and fertilizer integrated device for the sowed plots of the plums to be sentry is installed for 11-12 months, the sowing seedbed is mechanically prepared, rotary tillage and ridging are carried out according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, the ridge surface width is 1.0m, the ridge height is 40cm, the furrow width is 30cm, and a 70-horsepower tractor is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and the linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are kept, and the position is once reached.
4. Sowing earthing
After the seeding of the seedbed and the furrows is completed, the automatic seeding drill is driven by a tractor with 70 horsepower to sow the roughhaired holly seeds in a fully mechanical drill mode after 12 months-1 month in the next year. The roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step are added to the seed hopper of the planter. The seeding rate is 30 kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the seeder is controlled at 12cm, 6 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the seeding depth is 1.6cm. The earthing plate is installed to the planter tail portion, earthing plate width and ridge face width differ by not more than 10cm, earthing plate width is 1m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the earthing plate is contacted with the ridge surface, after the seeder is used for seeding the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand into the soil with the depth of 1.6cm, the earthing plate covers the soil on two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the earthing thickness on the surface of the seeds after seeding is 1.0cm, the earthing thickness can be controlled through the inclination angle of the earthing plate and the weight of the earthing plate, and the earthing thickness is not enough to see the seeds. The rear of the seeder is provided with a harrowing and earthing function, so that the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly can be improved.
5. Field management
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
The weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, after the two are evenly mixed, adding water for dilution by 1000 times, spraying and fertilizing by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 2 times per month.
Applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, after the second fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the water fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water fertilizer device, and the water fertilizer fertilizing amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 4 times per month.
Applying a third fertilizer after 5 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the seedling period, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24:22, after the third fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the fertilizer is sprayed by a water and fertilizer device, and the water and fertilizer application amount is 20m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 4 times per month. And (3) after the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualification standard, the roughhaired holly seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery, and qualified seedling transplanting work can be carried out in 2-5 months of the next year.
Example 3
1. Seed treatment
After the collected new sentry Mei Chun seeds are soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, normal-temperature wet sand storage management is carried out, and the volume ratio of the seeds to sand is 1:1, stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature cool warehouse, and post-managing the roughhaired holly seeds: the seeds are turned and watered once every 5 days, so that the bottom seeds are prevented from being heated and burned, and the humidity of the seeds is kept.
2. Water and fertilizer installation device
And 9-11 months, installing a water and fertilizer integrated device in the roughhaired holly sowing land, and burying a main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. And (3) installing the vertical pipes of the ground spray heads according to the row spacing 8m x 8m, wherein the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of the main pump, the main pipeline and the spray pipes is ensured to enable the spray diameter of the spray heads to be 10m. The main water pipeline is matched with an automatic backflushing lamination filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) to prevent and treat the blockage of the fertilizer water.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
After the water and fertilizer integrated device for the sowed plots of the plums to be sentry is installed for 11-12 months, the sowing seedbed is mechanically prepared, rotary tillage and ridging are carried out according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, the ridge surface width is 1.2m, the ridge height is 20cm, the furrow width is 40cm, and a 70-horsepower tractor is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and the linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are kept, and the position is once reached.
4. Sowing earthing
After the seeding of the seedbed and the furrows is completed, the automatic seeding drill is driven by a tractor with 70 horsepower to sow the roughhaired holly seeds in a fully mechanical drill mode after 12 months-1 month in the next year. The roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step are added to the seed hopper of the planter. The seeding rate is 75kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the seeder is controlled at 18cm, 6 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the seeding depth is 2.4cm. The earthing plate is installed to the planter tail portion, earthing plate width and ridge face width differ by not more than 10cm, earthing plate width is 1.2m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the earthing plate is contacted with the ridge surface, after the seeder is used for seeding the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand into the soil with the depth of 2.4cm, the earthing plate covers the soil on two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the earthing thickness on the surface of the seeds after seeding is 0.5cm, the earthing thickness can be controlled through the inclination angle of the earthing plate and the weight of the earthing plate, and the earthing thickness is not enough to see the seeds. The rear of the seeder is provided with a harrowing and earthing function, so that the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly can be improved.
5. Field management
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
The weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, after the two are evenly mixed, adding water for dilution by 1000 times, spraying and fertilizing by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
Applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, second fertilizerAfter the water is added for dilution by 1000 times, the fertilizer is sprayed by a water and fertilizer device, and the water and fertilizer application amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 2 times per month.
Applying a third fertilizer after 5 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the seedling period, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24:22, after the third fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the water fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water fertilizer device, and the water fertilizer fertilizing amount is 30m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizer is applied 2 times per month. And (3) after the roughhaired holly seedlings reach the qualification standard, the roughhaired holly seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery, and qualified seedling transplanting work can be carried out in 2-5 months of the next year.
Example 4
1. Seed treatment
After the collected new sentry Mei Chun seeds are soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for disinfection treatment at the end of 8 months, normal temperature and wet sand storage management is carried out, and the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1:2, stacking in a ventilated normal-temperature cool warehouse, and performing post management on roughhaired holly seeds: the seeds are turned and watered once every 5 days, so that the bottom seeds are prevented from being heated and burned, and the humidity of the seeds is kept.
2. Water and fertilizer installation device
And 9-11 months, installing a water and fertilizer integrated device in the roughhaired holly sowing land, and burying a main water pipe according to the depth of 80cm, wherein the operation is completed by a small excavator. And (3) installing the vertical pipes of the ground spray heads according to the row spacing 8m x 8m, wherein the height of the vertical pipes of the spray heads is 1.5m, and the water pressure of the main pump, the main pipeline and the spray pipes is ensured to enable the spray diameter of the spray heads to be 10m. The main water pipeline is matched with an automatic backflushing lamination filter (with the precision of 120 meshes) to prevent and treat the blockage of the fertilizer water.
3. Ridging and soil preparation
After the water and fertilizer integrated device for the sowed plots of the plums to be sentry is installed for 11-12 months, the sowing seedbed is mechanically prepared, rotary tillage and ridging are carried out according to a customized rotary tillage ridger, the ridge surface width is 1.1m, the ridge height is 30cm, the furrow width is 35cm, and a 70-horsepower tractor is used for driving the rotary tillage ridger to operate, so that the parallelism and the linearity of the ridge surface and the furrow are kept, and the position is once reached.
4. Sowing earthing
For sowing in 12 months-1 month in the next yearAfter the seedling bed and the furrows are finished, a 70-horsepower tractor is used for driving an automatic sowing drill to sow the roughhaired holly seeds in a fully mechanical drill way. The roughhaired holly seeds with sand obtained in the seed treatment step are added to the seed hopper of the planter. The sowing quantity is 60kg/hm 2 The row spacing of the seeder is controlled at 15cm, 7 rows can be sowed in each ridge, and the seeding depth is 2.0cm. The earthing plate is installed to the planter tail portion, earthing plate width and ridge face width differ by not more than 10cm, earthing plate width is 1.1m in this embodiment. In the working process of the seeder, the bottom surface of the earthing plate is contacted with the ridge surface, after the seeder is used for seeding the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand into the soil with the depth of 2.0cm, the earthing plate covers the soil on two sides of the seeds above the seeds, the earthing thickness on the surface of the seeds after seeding is 0.8cm, the earthing thickness can be controlled through the inclination angle of the earthing plate and the weight of the earthing plate, and the earthing thickness is not enough to see the seeds. The rear of the seeder is provided with a harrowing and earthing function, so that the emergence rate of the roughhaired holly can be improved.
5. Field management
The field water and fertilizer management is divided into three stages
The weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, after the two are evenly mixed, adding water for dilution by 1000 times, spraying and fertilizing by a water and fertilizer device, wherein the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 1 time per month.
Applying a second fertilizer during 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, after the second fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the second fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water and fertilizer device, and the water and fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizing 3 times per month.
Applying a third fertilizer after 5 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the seedling period, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24:22, after the third fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times by adding water, the water fertilizer is sprayed and fertilized by a water fertilizer device, and the water fertilizer fertilizing amount is 25m 3 /hm 2 Fertilizing 3 times per month. After the seedling of the roughhaired holly reaches the qualification standard, the roughhaired holly leaves the nursery for 2 to 5 months of the next yearAnd (5) performing qualified seedling transplanting work.
Comparative example 1
During the field management, compound fertilizer (containing N15% and P) is always applied 2 O 5 15％、K 2 O15%; purchased from Ya International Inc., norway) and diluted 1000 times with water, the amount of water and fertilizer applied is 25m 3 /hm 2 2 times per month. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
During the sowing and earthing, the end of the sowing machine is not provided with an earthing plate, and the other steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2, the quality of the qualified seedling of Ilicis Asprellae obtained by cultivation is shown in Table 1
| Total number of seedlings (Wan Ji/hm 2) | Quantity of stem basal rot (Wan Ji/hm 2) | Qualified seedling number (Wan Ji/hm 2) | Emergence rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 41.2 | 0.45 | 38.3 | 93 |
| Example 2 | 48.8 | 0.52 | 44.5 | 91 |
| Example 3 | 50.5 | 0.60 | 44.9 | 90 |
| Example 4 | 41.5 | 0.48 | 38.2 | 92 |
| Comparative example 1 | 45.0 | 0.80 | 36.0 | 80 |
| Comparative example 2 | 43.1 | 0.62 | 32.6 | 76 |
As can be seen from comparison of comparative example 1 with example 1, the application of different fertilizers according to different periods during the period from germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to seedling transfer can greatly improve the emergence rate of roughhaired holly and reduce the number of basal rot of roughhaired holly Mei Miaojing compared with the application of the same fertilizer in each period. According to the different requirements of the seedling after the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds for fertilizers and microelements at the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage, the water fertilizer is scientifically applied in proportion, the labor amount for fertilization is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, all the germinated roughhaired holly seedlings can grow uniformly, and the uniform growth speed is maintained. Not only saves a great amount of manpower and material costs, but also effectively improves the emergence rate of qualified roughhaired holly seedlings by more than 90 percent, and can increase the capability of the roughhaired holly seedlings for resisting stem basal rot.
As can be seen from comparison of comparative example 2 with example 1, after the soil covering plate is additionally arranged on the seeder, the roughhaired holly seeds are automatically covered under the soil by the soil covering plate, so that the germination rate of the roughhaired holly seeds can be improved, and the quantity of stem basal rot of roughhaired holly can be reduced.
As can be seen from the comparison results of examples 1-4, the full-mechanical sowing and seedling raising can significantly improve the emergence rate of roughhaired holly and the number of qualified seedlings. Wherein the mechanized seeding density is controlled at 60kg/hm 2 The emergence rate and the qualified seedling quantity are the highest.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The roughhaired holly seeding and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
seed treatment: soaking roughhaired holly seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30 minutes, then discarding the liquid medicine, and taking the treated seeds with the volume ratio of 1:1-1:3, stacking and storing at room temperature, and turning and watering the seeds once every 5 days;
installing a water and fertilizer device: burying a main water pipe in a field, wherein the depth of the buried pipe is 80cm, vertically installing nozzle risers on the main water pipe, wherein the distance between adjacent nozzle risers is 8m, and the height of the nozzle risers is 1.5m;
ridging and soil preparation: deeply turning the land, wherein the ridge surface width is 1.0-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-40cm, and the furrow width is 30-40cm;
sowing and earthing: taking the roughhaired holly seeds mixed with sand obtained in the seed treatment step, sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein a soil covering plate is arranged at the tail part of the sowing machine, the width of the soil covering plate is not more than 10cm different from the width of a ridge surface, the bottom surface of the soil covering plate is contacted with the ridge surface in the working process of the sowing machine, the row spacing of sowing is 12-18cm, and the soil covering thickness on the surface of the seeds is 0.5-1.0cm after sowing, so that the seeds are not seen;
and (3) field management: applying a first fertilizer and a rooting agent by using a water and fertilizer device in a period of 1-2 months after the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the weight ratio of the first fertilizer to the rooting agent is 1:3, the mole content of N, P, K in the first fertilizer is 9:80:50, fertilizing 1-2 times per month; applying a second fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer device 3-4 months after germination of the roughhaired holly seeds, wherein the molar content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 9:20:22, fertilizing 2-4 times per month; applying a third fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer device in the period from 5 months after the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds to the outplanting of the roughhaired holly seedlings, wherein the mol content of N, P, K in the third fertilizer is 9:24: and 22, fertilizing for 2-4 times per month until the roughhaired holly seedlings are out of the nursery.
2. The method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly according to claim 1, wherein the first fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer are all liquid fertilizers prepared by diluting solid fertilizers with water by a weight ratio of 800-1200 times.
3. The method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fertilizing amount of the liquid fertilizer is 20-30m 3 /hm 2 。
4. The method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spray radius of the nozzle riser is 5m.
5. A method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sowing depth in said sowing and soil covering step is 1.6-2.4cm, and 6 rows are sown per ridge.
6. The method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sowing amount in the sowing and soil covering step is 30-75kg/hm 2 。
7. The method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sowing amount in said step of sowing and covering soil is 60kg/hm 2 。
8. A method for sowing and raising a seedling of holly as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the row spacing of the sowing in said step of sowing and covering soil is 15cm.
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