CN106305068B - Seedling raising method for special high-tanshinone salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for special high-tanshinone salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method of special seedlings for high tanshinone salvia miltiorrhiza. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: carrying out root segment propagation on the salvia miltiorrhiza containing more than 0.75% of tanshinone, and collecting seeds; seedling raising is carried out on the seeds, transplanting planting is carried out, and the standard of the special high tanshinone salvia miltiorrhiza seedling is determined; selecting reddish brown silt loam as a seedling raising base, performing land preparation and fertilization, and sowing 3-5 kg of seeds corresponding to the special seedlings per mu; culturing strong seedlings: spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces every 10 days after 8 months; spraying a leaf fertilizer in 10 months; regulating and controlling water content: watering is not carried out after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, and watering is carried out again until the relative humidity of the soil is reduced to be below 30 percent until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 48-53 percent; pouring water once again before sealing and freezing for 12 months. The total ketone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material obtained from the seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation method is 0.40-0.65%, and the generated salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are high in consistency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a seedling raising method for special seedlings of salvia miltiorrhiza containing high tanshinone content.
Background
Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia milirhizochia Bge is a perennial herb of the genus Salvia of the family Labiatae, is used as a medicine by drying roots and rhizomes, and belongs to a traditional bulk Chinese medicinal material. The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the diseases with the highest incidence in the world, and the salvia miltiorrhiza is used as a key bulk medicinal material in the field of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so that the annual demand is huge. At present, eight hundred and more enterprises in China produce salvia series medicines, and the main dosage forms comprise 12 dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, dripping pills, soft capsules, pills, freeze-dried powder injections, injection solutions, drip injections, aerosols, buccal tablets, oral liquids, granules and the like, and relate to more than two hundred varieties. With the vigorous development of pharmaceutical industry, the market has requirements on the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials, and generally presents a differentiation trend of demand guidance based on pharmacopeia standards. Pharmaceutical enterprises, especially scientific and technological enterprises for producing modern dosage forms of drugs such as injection, dripping pills and the like, greatly improve the quality requirements of the salvia miltiorrhiza raw material on the basis of pharmacopeia, and especially establish more severe requirements on the aspects of target component content, quality stability and the like. In contrast, the content detection of tanshinone is not up to the standard and is not fresh, which can not meet the requirements of production enterprises, and with the gradual increase of production cost, enterprises, especially production enterprises with higher requirements on fat-soluble components, urgently need high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza raw materials to reduce the production cost; the high-quality seedlings are the premise and guarantee of the high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza raw materials, however, the existing production situation is that the high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are still the technical barrier, and the cultivation of the salvia miltiorrhiza special seedlings with high tanshinone content is not needed. Therefore, developing a seedling raising method suitable for producing the special salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with high tanshinone content is greatly beneficial to the production of high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical defects that the cultivation method of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is not good and the salvia miltiorrhiza special seedlings with high tanshinone content can not be cultivated in the prior art, and provides a seedling cultivation method of the salvia miltiorrhiza special seedlings with high tanshinone content. The total ketone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material obtained by the seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation method is up to more than 0.40 percent, even can reach 0.65 percent and is obviously higher than the total ketone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by a common method; the seedling raising method is simple and easy to operate and convenient for farmers to master, and meanwhile, the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings produced by the seedling raising method are high in consistency and convenient for mechanized operation, the cost is reduced by 150 yuan per mu on average, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a seedling raising method of special seedlings of high tanshinone salvia miltiorrhiza, which comprises the following steps:
seed selection of seedling
(1) Carrying out root segment propagation on the salvia miltiorrhiza containing more than 0.75% of tanshinone, and collecting seeds;
(2) and (2) seedling raising is carried out on the seeds in the step (1), then transplanting planting is carried out, and the standard of the special high-tanshinone-content salvia miltiorrhiza seedling is determined as follows: the method has the advantages that the root division is carried out from the head of the reed, the difference is between primary roots and secondary roots, 1 main root and 3-5 secondary roots, the thickness of the main root is 0.4-0.6 cm, and the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm;
(II) cultivation method
(3) Selecting reddish brown silt loam as a seedling raising base, performing land preparation and fertilization, and sowing 3-5 kg of seeds corresponding to the special seedlings per mu;
(4) culturing strong seedlings: spraying urea and FeSO on the leaf surface once every 10 days from 8 months4·7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer of (1); FeSO is sprayed once in 10 months4·7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer of (1);
(5) regulating and controlling water content: watering is not carried out after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, and watering is carried out again until the relative humidity of the soil is reduced to be below 30 percent until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 48-53 percent; pouring water once again before sealing and freezing for 12 months.
Through the measures, the invention can cultivate the special red sage root seedling suitable for producing high tanshinone ingredients, and the seedling has the following characteristics: the main roots and the secondary roots are differentiated from the reed heads (the main roots are obvious, the thickness of the main roots is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm), 1 main root, 3-5 secondary roots and the root skins are bright red.
Wherein, the tanshinone content of the medicinal materials produced by the seedling special for the salviae miltiorrhizae is higher than 0.40 percent and even reaches as high as 0.65 percent, and the percentages are mass percent.
In the step (1), the root diameter of the salvia miltiorrhiza is preferably 0.7-1 cm, and the number of the root is more than 20.
In the step (1), the salvia miltiorrhiza is preferably soaked and irrigated with rooting powder before the root segments are propagated, and then is stored in sand for accelerating germination.
In the step (1), the root section propagation is preferably planted in the reddish brown silt loam in 2 months, and the urea and the FeSO are sprayed on the leaf surfaces once every 10 days from 5 months4.7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 3 times. The mass percentage concentration of the urea is preferably 0.7-0.9%, and the FeSO4.7H2The mass percentage concentration of O is preferably 0.1-0.3%, and the KH2PO4The mass percentage concentration of (B) is preferably 0.2-0.4%. In the red brown toner sandy loam, preferably, the content of clay grains is 35 to 45 percent, the content of sand grains is 55 to 65 percent, and the percentages are mass percentages.
In the step (2), the seedling raising method can be used for raising seedlings according to a conventional seedling raising method in the field, and preferably seeding and seedling raising are carried out.
In the step (3), the sowing time is preferably not later than 7 th of the day. The inventor researches and discovers that the survival time of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings needs to be at least about 40 days before water stress is carried out, otherwise, the survival rate of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is greatly reduced.
In the step (3), the content of clay grains in the red brown toner sandy loam is preferably 35 to 45 percent, the content of sand grains is preferably 55 to 65 percent, and the percentages are mass percentages.
In the step (3), the previous crop in the seedling base can be wheat, corn, onion or garlic.
In the step (3), preferably 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land preparation and fertilization to serve as base fertilizer of the seedling raising base, the seedling raising base is raised into a flat bed, and 30-35 cm of deep ploughing is conducted in the north-south direction. The mass content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is preferably 20: 10: 15.
In the step (3), the parameters of the seeds corresponding to the special seedling are preferably: the germination rate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 60 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 1.8g, and the water content is less than or equal to 9 percent.
In the step (3), the seeds corresponding to the special seedlings are preferably soaked in gibberellin for 10-15 s before sowing; the concentration of the gibberellin is preferably 18-22 mg/L.
In the step (3), the sowing is preferably drill sowing, and then the soil is covered by 0.5-1 cm. And covering the straw with rice straw to be watered thoroughly to prevent direct sunlight.
In the step (4), the mass percentage concentration of the urea is preferably 0.7-0.9%, and the FeSO4.7H2The mass percentage concentration of O is preferably 0.1-0.3%, and the KH2PO4The mass percentage concentration of (B) is preferably 0.2-0.4%.
In the step (4), the foliage spraying is preferably carried out for 2 times in total every 10 days.
In the step (5), the one-time watering mode is preferably a sprinkling irrigation mode.
According to the production practice, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the cultivation of strong seedlings in step (4) and the water regulation in step (5) are synchronously and alternately carried out in the seedling cultivation method, and are not strictly followed.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a seedling raising method suitable for producing special salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with high tanshinone content, which integrates the concept of 'quality source design' into salvia miltiorrhiza seedling raising, and finely regulates and controls the key nodes, such as land selection, land preparation, seed selection, seedling raising, strong seedling cultivation, water regulation and the like related to the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material cultivation. The refined regulation and control has the characteristics that the root division is carried out from the head of the reed, the root division is carried out from the primary root to the secondary root, the primary root is obvious, the thickness of the primary root is 0.4-0.6 cm, the ratio of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with the primary root of 1 and 3-5 secondary roots is up to more than 85%, and the ratio is far higher than that of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings in the common seedling method by 30.5%. The content of the total ketone of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by the seedling is 0.40-0.65 percent and is obviously higher than that of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by a common seedling raising method. The invention only carries out the specificity adjustment on the existing seedling raising method, is convenient for being mastered by medical farmers, is convenient for popularization, has less investment, can obviously improve the content of tanshinone, ensures that the content of tanshinone in the root system of salvia miltiorrhiza reaches 0.40-0.65 percent and is far higher than the requirement of 0.25 percent specified in pharmacopoeia, simultaneously has high consistency of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings generated by the seedling raising method, is convenient for mechanized operation, reduces the cost per mu by 150 yuan on average, and has obvious economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings obtained by the seedling growing method of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge obtained by the production of the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
In the following examples, all percentages refer to mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Seed selection of seedling
Germplasm screening: in 11 months of the red sage root harvesting season, more than 300 parts of red sage root germplasm (the root diameter is 0.7-1 cm, the number is more than 20, the seeds are relatively uniform) are screened in a field, 25g of each part is taken, and the red sage root germplasm is dried at low temperature and the components are measured.
Root segment propagation and seed harvesting: cutting the root system of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix with tanshinone content higher than 0.75% into small segments of about 6cm, and mixing. Soaking in rooting powder, and irrigating. Storing in sand for accelerating germination, planting in reddish brown silt loam with large ridge and double rows in 2 months in the next year, spraying 0.8% urea and 0.2% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days for 5 months4.7H2O and 0.3% KH2PO4Continuously spraying for 3 times. And (5) harvesting seeds in time.
Determination of the seedling standard special for the high tanshinone red sage root: uniformly mixing the collected salvia miltiorrhiza seeds, intensively culturing seedlings according to a conventional method, and classifying the seedlings into 12 categories according to the characteristics of the seedlings (see table 1 for details). Transplanting the 12 types of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a field, wherein the management measures are completely consistent.
TABLE 1 Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling Classification
In 11 months and in the red sage root harvesting season, 12 types of red sage roots are dried at low temperature by the same method, and the content of tanshinone in the red sage root medicinal material is detected. The test results in table 2 show: the total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by seedlings with the characteristics of main root thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm, secondary root thickness of 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 main root and 3-5 secondary roots is up to 0.65 percent and is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings. The seedlings with the characteristics of (dividing root from the head of the reed, dividing into primary root and secondary root, the primary root is obvious, the thickness of the primary root is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary root is 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 primary root and 3-5 secondary roots) are determined by integrating the fresh weight of a single root, the number of roots and the total ketone content of salvia miltiorrhiza.
TABLE 2 Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling Classification and corresponding medicinal material component properties and contents
(II) cultivation method
The seedling growing time is 7 last ten days.
Selecting land: the red brown sandy loam (with the clay content of 35 percent and the sand content of 65 percent) with deep soil layer (more than or equal to 1m), sunny terrain, good drainage, slight alkalinity and medium fertility is selected as the high tanshinone red sage root seedling raising base. Wheat is selected as the previous crop of the seedling base.
Land preparation: and (3) carrying out soil preparation after the previous crops are harvested, applying 50kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 10: 15) as base fertilizer of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling base with high tanshinone content per mu, forming flat beds in the seedling base, and deeply ploughing for 30cm in the north-south direction.
Selecting the seeds corresponding to the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling with the number of 6 as follows: the germination rate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 60 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 1.8g, the seeds with the water content less than or equal to 9 percent are sowed, 4kg of seeds are sowed per mu, the seeds are treated by gibberellin of 20mg/L and soaked for 10s before sowing, and the seeds are sowed in a drill way. Covering soil of 0.5cm, covering with rice straw, and watering thoroughly to prevent direct sunlight.
Culturing strong seedlings: spraying 0.8% urea and 0.2% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days from 8 months4.7H2O and 0.3% KH2PO4And continuously spraying for 2 times (the operation can enhance photosynthesis of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, ensure leaves to be thick and green, accelerate overground part growth, and accelerate evaporation of water in soil by virtue of transpiration tension).
Regulating and controlling water content: no longer watering after 8 months and 10 days, keeping soil relative humidity to drop to below 30%, then adopting the mode of sprinkling irrigation once, soil relative humidity reaches 48%, stop watering (according to the principle that the change of root system response soil humidity produced corresponding compensation mechanism, earlier stage moisture is suitable, promotes the main root to grow, along with the aggravation of moisture coercion, the root system of red-rooted salvia constantly extends to do benefit to and absorb the moisture in the deep soil layer, can sprout secondary root simultaneously, the root system continues to extend after rehydration). Spraying 0.2% FeSO once in the last ten days of 10 months4·7H2O and 0.3% KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer. Watering once again before sealing and freezing for 12 months to ensure that the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings safely overwinter.
The method can be used for cultivating up to 85% of seedlings, and the seedlings have the following characteristics: the roots are divided from the head of the reed, and the main roots and the secondary roots are distinguished (the main roots are obvious, the thickness of the main roots is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm), 3-5 secondary roots are arranged on 1 main root, and the root skin is bright red. The total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by the seedling reaches up to 0.40 percent, which is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
Fig. 1 shows the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings obtained by the seedling raising method of this embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by the salvia miltiorrhiza germchit obtained in the embodiment.
Example 2
Seed selection of seedling
Germplasm screening: in 11 months of the red sage root harvesting season, more than 300 parts of red sage root germplasm (the root diameter is 0.7-1 cm, the number is more than 20, the seeds are relatively uniform) are screened in a field, 25g of each part is taken, and the red sage root germplasm is dried at low temperature and the components are measured.
Root segment propagation and seed harvesting: cutting the root system of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix with tanshinone content higher than 0.75% into small segments of about 6cm, and mixing. Soaking in rooting powder, and irrigating. Storing in sand for accelerating germination, planting in reddish brown silt loam with large ridge and double rows in 2 months in the next year, spraying 0.7% urea and 0.1% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days for 5 months4.7H2O and 0.2% KH2PO4Continuously spraying for 3 times. And (5) harvesting seeds in time.
Determination of the seedling standard special for the high tanshinone red sage root: the collected salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are uniformly mixed, the seedlings are intensively cultivated according to a conventional method, and the seedlings are divided into 12 categories according to the characteristics of the seedlings (as shown in the table 1). Transplanting the 12 types of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a field, wherein the management measures are completely consistent.
In 11 months and in the red sage root harvesting season, 12 types of red sage roots are dried at low temperature by the same method, and the content of tanshinone in the red sage root medicinal material is detected. And (3) displaying a detection result: the total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by seedlings with the characteristics of main root thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm, secondary root thickness of 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 main root and 3-5 secondary roots is up to 0.65 percent and is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings. The seedlings with the characteristics of (dividing root from the head of the reed, dividing into primary root and secondary root, the primary root is obvious, the thickness of the primary root is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary root is 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 primary root and 3-5 secondary roots) are determined by integrating the fresh weight of a single root, the number of roots and the total ketone content of salvia miltiorrhiza.
(II) cultivation method
The seedling growing time is 7 last ten days.
Selecting land: the red brown sandy loam (with the clay content of 40 percent and the sand content of 60 percent) with deep soil layer (more than or equal to 1m), sunny terrain, good drainage, slight alkalinity and medium fertility is selected as the high tanshinone red sage root seedling raising base. Corn is selected as the previous crop of the seedling base.
Land preparation: and (3) carrying out soil preparation after the previous crops are harvested, applying 55kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 10: 15) as base fertilizer of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling base with high tanshinone content per mu, forming flat beds in the seedling base, and deeply ploughing for 33cm in the north-south direction.
Selecting the seeds corresponding to the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling with the number of 6 as follows: the germination rate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 60 percent, the thousand-grain weight is more than or equal to 1.8g, the seeds with the water content less than or equal to 9 percent are sown, 3kg of seeds are sown per mu, the seeds are soaked for 13s by using 18mg/L gibberellin before sowing, and the seeds are sown in a drill way. Covering soil of 0.8cm, covering with rice straw, and watering thoroughly to prevent direct sunlight.
Culturing strong seedlings: spraying 0.7% urea and 0.1% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days from 8 months4.7H2O and 0.2% KH2PO4And continuously spraying for 2 times (the operation can enhance photosynthesis of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, ensure leaves to be thick and green, accelerate overground part growth, and accelerate evaporation of water in soil by virtue of transpiration tension).
Regulating and controlling water content: no longer watering after 8 months and 10 days, keeping soil relative humidity to drop to below 30%, then adopting the mode of sprinkling irrigation once, soil relative humidity reaches 50%, stop watering (according to the principle that the change of root system response soil humidity produced corresponding compensation mechanism, earlier stage moisture is suitable, promotes the main root to grow, along with the aggravation of moisture coercion, the root system of red-rooted salvia constantly extends to do benefit to and absorb the moisture in the deep soil layer, can sprout secondary root simultaneously, the root system continues to extend after rehydration). Spraying 0.1% FeSO once in the last ten days of 10 months4·7H2O and 0.2% KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer. Before sealing and freezing for 12 monthsAnd watering once to ensure that the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings safely overwinter.
The method can be used for cultivating the seedlings with the proportion of 88 percent, and the seedlings have the following characteristics: the roots are divided from the head of the reed, and the main roots and the secondary roots are distinguished (the main roots are obvious, the thickness of the main roots is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm), 3-5 secondary roots are arranged on 1 main root, and the root skin is bright red. The total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by the seedling reaches up to 0.65 percent, which is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
The seedling of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge obtained in this example is shown in figure 1, and the medicinal material of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is shown in figure 2.
Example 3
Seed selection of seedling
Germplasm screening: in 11 months of the red sage root harvesting season, more than 300 parts of red sage root germplasm (the root diameter is 0.7-1 cm, the number is more than 20, the seeds are relatively uniform) are screened in a field, 25g of each part is taken, and the red sage root germplasm is dried at low temperature and the components are measured.
Root segment propagation and seed harvesting: cutting the root system of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix with tanshinone content higher than 0.75% into small segments of about 6cm, and mixing. Soaking in rooting powder, and irrigating. Storing in sand for accelerating germination, planting in reddish brown silt loam with large ridge and double rows in 2 months in the next year, spraying 0.9% urea and 0.3% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days for 5 months4.7H2O and 0.4% KH2PO4Continuously spraying for 3 times. And (5) harvesting seeds in time.
Determination of the seedling standard special for the high tanshinone red sage root: the collected salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are uniformly mixed, the seedlings are intensively cultivated according to a conventional method, and the seedlings are divided into 12 categories according to the characteristics of the seedlings (as shown in the table 1). Transplanting the 12 types of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a field, wherein the management measures are completely consistent.
In 11 months and in the red sage root harvesting season, 12 types of red sage roots are dried at low temperature by the same method, and the content of tanshinone in the red sage root medicinal material is detected. And (3) displaying a detection result: the total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material produced by seedlings with the characteristics of main root thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm, secondary root thickness of 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 main root and 3-5 secondary roots is up to 0.65 percent and is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings. The seedlings with the characteristics of (dividing root from the head of the reed, dividing into primary root and secondary root, the primary root is obvious, the thickness of the primary root is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary root is 0.2-0.35 cm, 1 primary root and 3-5 secondary roots) are determined by integrating the fresh weight of a single root, the number of roots and the total ketone content of salvia miltiorrhiza.
(II) cultivation method
The seedling growing time is 7 last ten days.
Selecting land: the red brown sandy loam (with the clay content of 45 percent and the sand content of 55 percent) with deep soil layer (more than or equal to 1m), sunny terrain, good drainage, slight alkalinity and medium fertility is selected as the high tanshinone red sage root seedling raising base. Onion and garlic are selected as the previous crops of the seedling raising base.
Land preparation: and (3) carrying out soil preparation after the previous crops are harvested, applying 60kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 10: 15) as base fertilizer of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling base with high tanshinone content per mu, forming flat beds in the seedling base, and deeply ploughing for 35cm in the north-south direction.
Selecting the seeds corresponding to the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling with the number of 6 as follows: the germination rate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 60 percent, the thousand-grain weight is more than or equal to 1.8g, seeds with the water content less than or equal to 9 percent are sowed, 5kg of seeds are sowed per mu, the seeds are soaked for 15s by using gibberellin with the concentration of 22mg/L before sowing, and the seeds are sowed in a drill way. Covering soil of 1cm, covering with rice straw, and watering thoroughly to prevent direct sunlight.
Culturing strong seedlings: spraying 0.9% urea and 0.3% FeSO on leaf surface every 10 days from 8 months4.7H2O and 0.4% KH2PO4And continuously spraying for 2 times (the operation can enhance photosynthesis of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, ensure leaves to be thick and green, accelerate overground part growth, and accelerate evaporation of water in soil by virtue of transpiration tension).
Regulating and controlling water content: no longer watering after 8 months and 10 days, keeping the relative humidity of the soil to be reduced to below 30%, then watering once by adopting a sprinkling irrigation mode, stopping watering (according to the principle that the root system responds to the change of the dry humidity of the soil to generate a corresponding compensation mechanism, the early-stage water is proper, the growth of the main root is promoted, along with the aggravation of water stress, the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza continuously extends to be beneficial to absorbing the water in the deep layer of the soil, and the secondary root and the repeated root can be germinated simultaneouslyThe root system continues to elongate after watering). Spraying 0.3% FeSO once in the last ten days of 10 months4·7H2O and 0.4% KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer. Watering once again before sealing and freezing for 12 months to ensure that the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings safely overwinter.
The method can be used for cultivating up to 86% of seedlings, and the seedlings have the following characteristics: the roots are divided from the head of the reed, and the main roots and the secondary roots are distinguished (the main roots are obvious, the thickness of the main roots is 0.4-0.6 cm, the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm), 3-5 secondary roots are arranged on 1 main root, and the root skin is bright red. The total tanshinone content of the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge medicinal material produced by the seedling reaches up to 0.55 percent, which is obviously higher than that of other salvia miltiorrhiza bunge seedlings.
The seedling of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge obtained in this example is shown in figure 1, and the medicinal material of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 1
Influence of different types of soil on red sage root seedling character
The base in the seedling raising method in example 1 was changed, sandy soil, clay, brown sandy loam and gray sandy loam were respectively used as the seedling raising and cultivating base for salvia miltiorrhiza, other parameter conditions were the same as in example 1, and the obtained seedling raising effect is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Effect of different types of soil on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling traits
As can be seen from the table above, the special seedlings of high tanshinone red sage root cultured in the reddish brown silt loam base account for the highest proportion of all seedlings.
Comparative example 2
Influence of seed dosage on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling character
The seed consumption in example 1 was changed to 0.5 kg/mu, 1 kg/mu, 2 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu, and 8 kg/mu, and the other parameters and conditions were the same as in example 1, and the seedling raising effects are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 influence of different seed quantities on the root thickness, root number and seedling ratio of Salvia miltiorrhiza
As can be seen from the table above, the seedling special for the high tanshinone red sage root cultured with the seed amount of 4 kg/mu accounts for the highest proportion of all seedlings.
Comparative example 3
The procedure for cultivating strong seedlings in example 1 was omitted, and the other parameters and conditions were the same as in example 1, and the resulting seedling-raising effects were as shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5 influence of not-cultured strong seedlings on the survival rate and components of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Comparative example 4
The water control step in example 1 was omitted, and the other parameters and conditions were the same as in example 1, and the seedling raising effects obtained are shown in table 6 below.
TABLE 6 influence of moisture control on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling traits
Comparative example 5
The seedling raising effect obtained by using a common seedling raising method (without seed selection, soil selection and water regulation) is shown in the following table 7.
TABLE 7 influence of moisture control on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling traits
Claims (14)
1. A seedling raising method of special seedlings for salviae miltiorrhizae with high tanshinone content comprises the following steps:
seed selection of seedling
(1) Carrying out root segment propagation on the salvia miltiorrhiza containing more than 0.75% of tanshinone, and collecting seeds;
(2) and (2) seedling raising is carried out on the seeds in the step (1), then transplanting planting is carried out, and the standard of the special high-tanshinone-content salvia miltiorrhiza seedling is determined as follows: the method has the advantages that the root division is carried out from the head of the reed, the difference is between primary roots and secondary roots, 1 main root and 3-5 secondary roots, the thickness of the main root is 0.4-0.6 cm, and the thickness of the secondary roots is 0.2-0.35 cm;
(II) cultivation method
(3) Selecting reddish brown silt loam as a seedling raising base, performing land preparation and fertilization, and sowing 3-5 kg of seeds corresponding to the special seedlings in each mu, wherein the sowing time is not later than the last ten days of 7 months;
(4) culturing strong seedlings: spraying urea and FeSO on the leaf surface once every 10 days from 8 months4·7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer of (1); FeSO is sprayed once in 10 months4·7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer of (1);
(5) regulating and controlling water content: no watering is carried out after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, the difference between the time point of no watering and the time point of sowing in the step (3) is at least 40 days, and watering is carried out again until the relative humidity of the soil is reduced to be below 30 percent; pouring water once again before sealing and freezing for 12 months.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is soaked and irrigated with rooting powder before root segments are propagated, and then stored in sand for germination.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the root diameter of the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge is 0.7-1 cm, and the number of roots is more than 20.
4. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the root section is bred in reddish brown silt loam in 2 months, and urea and FeSO are sprayed on the leaf surface every 10 days from 5 months4·7H2O and KH2PO4The foliar fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 3 times.
5. A seedling raising method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the mass percentage concentration of the urea is 0.7-0.9%.
6. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 4 characterised in that in step (1) the FeSO is added4·7H2The mass percentage concentration of O is 0.1-0.3%.
7. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 4 in which, in step (1), said KH is added2PO4The mass percentage concentration of (A) is 0.2-0.4%.
8. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the content of clay grains in the red brown powder sandy loam is 35% to 45%, the content of sand grains is 55% to 65%, and the percentages are mass percentages;
and/or, in the step (3), the previous crop of the seedling base is wheat, corn, onion or garlic;
and/or in the step (3), 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land preparation and fertilization to serve as base fertilizer of the seedling raising base, the seedling raising base forms a flat bed, and the soil is deeply ploughed for 30-35 cm in the north-south direction.
9. A method for raising seedlings according to claim 8, wherein in the step (3), when the soil preparation and fertilization are carried out using the compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer for the seedling raising base per mu, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 20: 10: 15.
10. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the parameters of the seeds corresponding to the special seedlings are as follows: the germination rate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 60 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 1.8g, and the water content is less than or equal to 9 percent;
and/or in the step (3), soaking seeds corresponding to the special seedlings in gibberellin for 10-15 s before sowing;
and/or, in the step (3), the sowing is drill sowing, and then the soil is covered by 0.5-1 cm.
11. A seedling raising method according to claim 10, wherein in the step (3), when the seeds corresponding to the special seedlings are soaked with gibberellin before sowing, the concentration of the gibberellin is 18-22 mg/L.
12. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass percentage concentration of the urea is 0.7-0.9%, and the FeSO is4.7H2The mass percentage concentration of O is 0.1-0.3%, and the KH2PO4The mass percentage concentration of (A) is 0.2-0.4%.
13. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the foliar spray is applied 2 times in total every 10 days.
14. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1 in which in step (5) the primary watering means is a sprinkler irrigation means.
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| CN108293765A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-07-20 | 上海市药材有限公司 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae kind transplantation of seedlings pre-treating method |
| CN109122152A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-04 | 界首市鑫康家庭农场 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae implantation methods improving tanshinone content |
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| CN114258758A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 上海市药材有限公司 | Method for cultivating root-segment seedlings of salvia miltiorrhiza and method for propagating salvia miltiorrhiza |
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